Filters
total: 310
filtered: 301
Search results for: PHOTOVOLTAIC ROOF TILE
-
Organic photovoltaics - chosen aspects
PublicationThere are many types of organic and organic/inorganic (hybrid) photovoltaic devices that possess many beneficial properties over inorganic solar cells. That makes the former suitable for a broad range of applications and hence so much attention is paid to their development. In spite of intensive research carried on this field of science and technology there are still many crucial problems that need to be solved. Extensive knowledge...
-
High order of nongeminate recombination in organic bulk heterojunction solar cells
PublicationWe analyze high order of nongeminate recombination in organic donor–acceptor bulk heterojunction solar cells. The model of recombination where an exciton annihilates on an electron–hole Langevin bound pair near donor–acceptor interface has been applied in our studies. We obtained satisfactory agreement between experimental results and theoretical calculations for the concentration dependences of several parameters characterizing...
-
The influence of the thickness, recombination and space charge on the loss of photocurrent in organic semiconductors: an analytical model
PublicationWe propose an analytical model of the photocurrent efficiency dependence on the light intensity in organic semiconductors. The influence of the thickness of sample, space charge effects and recombination of charge on the loss of photocurrent has been considered. We demonstrate that the presented model is the enhancement of an analytical model reported recently by Rappaport et al (2005 J. Appl. Phys. 98 033714). The method to identify...
-
Performance of the PVT solar collector operated with water-Al2O3 nanofluid
PublicationAn experimental investigation of the hybrid module photovoltaic panel -solar collector (PVT) cooled by water-Al2O3 nanofluids has been conducted. The weight fractions of the nanoparticles were 1% and 3%. Thermal efficiency, power efficiency and overall efficiency have been determined for artificial source of light and sunlight. No noticeable effect of the nanoparticle concentration on the overall efficiency of the PVT module has...
-
PERFORMANCE OF THE PVT SOLAR COLLECTOR OPERATED WITH WATER –AL2O3 NANOFLUID
PublicationAn experimental investigation of the hybrid module photovoltaic panel -solar collector (PVT) cooled by water-Al2O3 nanofluids has been conducted. The weight fractions of the nanoparticles were 1% and 3%. Thermal efficiency, power efficiency and overall efficiency have been determined for artificial source of light and sunlight. No noticeable effect of the nanoparticle concentration on the overall efficiency of the PVT module has...
-
A simple model of the trap-assisted recombination with the excitonic Auger mechanism
PublicationWe present a simple model of the trap-assisted recombination combined with the excitonic Auger mechanism. It has been shown that only six independent transitions of electrons and holes should be taken into account to describe a combination of the Shockley–Read–Hall (SRH) recombination with this excitonic process. This is in opposition to a well-known model of the SRH mechanism with the free carriers Auger effect via deep states,...
-
Technical fabrics in costruction of large scale roofs - numerical and experimental aspects
PublicationDesigning and construction of textile hanging roofs is the challenging subject for engineers. This type of structure needs geometrically and very often also physically non-linear calculations. Due to different behaviour of two families of threads (warp and weft), which during deformation can change the angle between their directions, they require special constitutive modelling. Also the loading of hanging roofs is very special....
-
Analiza statyczna i wytrzymałościowa konstrukcji wiszącej zadaszenia Stadionu Śląskiego
PublicationW artykule scharakteryzowano konstrukcję nośną zadaszenia Stadionu Śląskiego w Chorzowie, system statyczny i przyjęte rozwiązania konstrukcyjne. Przedstawiono poziom wytężenia kluczowych elementów oraz wytyczne dotyczące wzmocnienia. Analizy przeprowadzono w ramach audytu dokumentacji projektowej wykonanego na zlecenie inwestora.
-
Rewitalizacja przestrzeni w kontekście zrównoważonego rozwoju - potencjał zielonych dachów
PublicationThe revitalization of space in the context of sustainable development – potential of green roof. The article shows the need to take into account the principles of sustainable development in the field of the revitalization of space, and point out green roofs as a tool in this process. It is presented in the light of the green city concept, and the criteria of the European Green City Index. The article shows the ecological, social...
-
Ocena wpływu drgań przekazywanych na budynek przez agregat prądotwórczy
PublicationW artykule opisano zakres badań polowych niezbędnych do określenia poziomu drgań w budynku biurowo-usługowym podczas pracy agregatu prądotwórczego zlokalizowanego na dachu tego budynku. Dokonano oceny szkodliwości pomierzonych drgań na budynek i ludzi, którzy się w nim znajdują. Przedstawiono także krótki przegląd literatury dotyczącej oceny szkodliwości oddziaływań dynamicznych na budynki lub ludzi.
-
THE METHOD OF MEASURING THE MEMBRANE COVER GEOMETRY USING LASER SCANNING AND SYNCHRONOUS PHOTOGRAMMETRY
PublicationThe authors present the experience and results of field studies carried out at the technical acceptance of Forest Opera (name in Polish: Opera Leśna) in Sopot (Poland). An unusual design of covering made in the form of “Sheerfill I” technical fabric membrane required spanned in the form of sails, required the use of terrestrial laser scanning. Such approach allowed for the fast and accurate record of the surface of individual panels...
-
Wielokryterialna analiza porównawcza lokalizacji źródeł wytwórczych energii elektrycznej
PublicationArtykuł przedstawia ranking lokalizacji czterech źródeł wytwórczych energii elektrycznej: biogazowni rolniczej, biogazowni utylizacyjnej oraz dwóch elektrowni fotowoltaicznych, wykonany przy użyciu połączonych metod Analitycznego Procesu Hierarchicznego (AHP) oraz taksonomii numerycznej. Omówiono zalety połączenia metod, przedstawiono przykład zastosowania oraz wskazano kryteria o największym i najmniejszym wpływie na realizację...
-
The domination of ionic conductivity in tetragonal phase of the organometal halide perovskite CH3NH3PbI3-xClx
PublicationOrganometal trihalide perovskites have recently gained extreme attention due to their high solar energy conversion in photovoltaic cells. Here, we investigate the contribution of iodide ions to a total conductivity of the mixed lead halide perovskite CH3NH3PbI3−xClx with a use of the modified DC Hebb–Wagner polarization method. It has been identified that an ionic conductivity dominates in tetragonal phase which is associated with room...
-
Influence of fasteners and connections flexibility on deflections of steel building including the stressed skin effect
PublicationThe paper presents the analysis of the influence of fasteners and connections flexibility on displacements of symmetrical single-bay pitched-roof steel building, including trapezoidal cladding acting as a diaphragm. The purpose of the article was to compare numerical models with and without taking into consideration fasteners and connections flexibility in order to observe the differences in transverse stiffness of the building...
-
Influence of sheet/purlin fasteners spacing on shear flexibility of the diaphragm
PublicationThe paper presents the influence of sheet/purlin fasteners location (in reference to trapezoidal profile cross section) on shear flexibility of the cladding acting as a diaphragm. Analytical procedures were presented and their limitations were discussed. Next, selected schemes of fasteners location, known from engineering practice, but not included in European codes and recommendations, were analysed numerically in order to observe...
-
Stability of trusses with linear elastic side-supports
PublicationThe present research is devoted to study of a lateral buckling of truss with linear elastic side supports. The elastic support reaction in relation to force in compressed chord and coefficient of buckling length related to side support distance are also calculated. The effect of slope of side support on limit force is also considered. The nonlinear analysis of two roof trusses are carried out. The results are compared to design...
-
Validation of atmospheric aerosols sampling in equivalent fractions
PublicationPhysical properties and chemical composition of atmospheric aerosols are of extreme importance, in many fields of interest, namely the Environment even with legal implications. Atmospheric sampling poses inherent problems with consequent demands on sampling optimisation, with sampling strategies requiring validation. In this work a study was conducted aiming at validating the collection of atmospheric aerosols in equivalent fractions....
-
3D Monitoring - Identification of measurement problems at larger movements of the tracked points
PublicationAuthors identified the problems associated with the determination of the controlled points coordinates by use of automated Total Station placed behind transparent barrier. Important thing in the mentioned analysis was a large change of controlled points position and not stable Total Station’s stand (because of stand’s thermal drift). This two elements, combined with measurement made through glass plate determine the need for impact...
-
Exploring the interfacial effects at the ETL/perovskite boundary in the semitransparent perovskite solar cells
PublicationThe recent focus has been made on the perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with an inverted configuration, where substantial improvements have been already achieved. However, the p–i–n structure needs a buffer layer for most of the configurations to modify the work-function of a deposited electrode. Additionally and very importantly, such a layer can also serve as a protective film that improves a stability of solar cells. Here, we study...
-
Ocena pracy dźwigara zadaszenia Hali Blanika w Gdańsku
PublicationWartykule przedstawiono kompleksowe sprawdzenie nośności stalowej konstrukcji zadaszenia Hali Leszka Blanika w Gdańsku. Dokonano oceny wpływu otworów dużej średnicy w środnikach dźwigara na jego nośność. Oszacowano nośność nietypowego, zginanego styku doczołowego łączącego elementy dwuteowe klasy 4. Obliczenia wykonano na podstawie norm i analiz modeli MES.
-
Design and experimental validation of a single-stage PV string inverter with optimal number of interleaved buck-boost cells.
PublicationIncreasing converter power density is a problem of topical interest. This paper discusses an interleaved approach of the efficiency increase in the buck-boost stage of an inverter with unfolding circuit in terms of losses in semiconductors, output voltage ripples and power density. Main trends in the power converter development are reviewed. A losses model was designed and used for the proposed solution to find an optimal number...
-
Magnetic field effects in dye-sensitized solar cells controlled by different cell architecture
PublicationThe charge recombination and exciton dissociation are generally recognized as the basic electronic processes limiting the efficiency of photovoltaic devices. In this work, we propose a detailed mechanism of photocurrent generation in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) examined by magnetic field effect (MFE) technique. Here we demonstrate that the magnitude of the MFE on photocurrent in DSSCs can be controlled by the radius and...
-
Tripping of F-type RCDs for sinusoidal residual current with superimposed smooth DC component
PublicationRecent trends in green energy development make that photovoltaics and electric vehicles are applied on an increasing scale. In both photovoltaic and electric vehicle charging installations, a significant value of DC component of the earth fault current may appear, which is a challenge, in particular, for commonly used residual current devices (RCDs). This paper presents results of the laboratory test on the operation of F-type...
-
Validation of atmospheric aerosols parallel sampling in a multifold device
PublicationIn this work, particulate matter was collected using an active sampling system consisting of a PM10 (<10 μm) inlet coupled to a multifold device containing six channels, connected to a vacuum pump. Each channel was equipped with a filter holder fitted with adequately chosen filters. The system was fixed on a metallic structure, which was placed on the roof of the laboratory building, at the Faculty of Sciences, in Lisbon. Sampling...
-
π-Conjugated Donor-acceptor Polyelectrolytes: Toward Artificial Photosynthesis
PublicationGreat advances have been made in the development of conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs), which provide tunable properties including water solubility and processability, main-chain exciton and charge transport, variable energy light absorption and fluorescence, non-covalent interactions, and formation of tertiary structures via self-assembly.[1] These characteristics allow CPEs to be considered for use in various optoelectronic applications,...
-
Higher harmonics of the intensity modulated Photocurrent/Photovoltage spectroscopy response - a tool for studying photoelectrochemical nonlinearities
PublicationIn this work, a higher harmonic analysis (HHA) of the intensity modulated photocurrent/photovoltage (IMPS/IMVS) spectroscopy data is proposed as a potent tool for studying nonlinear phenomena in photoelectrochemical and photovoltaic systems. Analytical solutions of kinetic equations were constructed for cases of single and double resonance accounting for various sources of higher harmonics. These sources correspond to the physical...
-
AC-DC-DC Converter for Small Power Energy Storage Systems
PublicationThe energy transformation driven by the development of renewable energy sources has become a reality for all power grid users. Prosumer energy, primarily utilizing photovoltaic installations, is one of the fastest-growing market segments. The advancement of technology, a decrease in electrochemical energy storage prices, and changes in the legal framework governing energy billing for grid-fed power have led to a growing interest...
-
Voltage and Current Unbalance Reduction in Power Networks with Distributed Generation and Electric Vehicles
PublicationThe current development of prosumer microsources and the expected spread of electric vehicles may cause the appearance of significant current and voltage unbalance in low-voltage (LV) networks. This unbalance, which is an unfavorable phenomenon, may occur when using single-phase photovoltaic (PV) microsources and single-phase home chargers for electric vehicles. This paper presents a proposal for the symmetrization of the LV network...
-
Voltage profiles improvement in a power network with PV energy sources – results of a voltage regulator implementation
PublicationThe constant increase in the number of photovoltaic (PV) energy sources in distribution networks is the cause of serious voltage problems. The networks built at least a dozen years ago are not provided for the installation of a large number of micro-sources. It happens that the previously properly functioning power networks are not able to provide to consumers power with the required parameters, after installing many PV sources....
-
Removal of selected sulfonamides and sulfonamide resistance genes from wastewater in full-scale constructed wetlands
PublicationSulfonamides are high-consumption antibiotics that reach the aquatic environment. The threat related to their presence in wastewater and the environment is not only associated with their antibacterial properties, but also with risk of the spread of drug resistance in bacteria. Therefore, the aim of this work was to evaluate the occurrence of eight commonly used sulfonamides, sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1–3) and integrase genes...
-
Types of Markov Fields and Tilings
PublicationThe method of types is one of the most popular techniques in information theory and combinatorics. However, thus far the method has been mostly applied to one-dimensional Markov processes, and it has not been thoroughly studied for general Markov fields. Markov fields over a finite alphabet of size m ≥ 2 can be viewed as models for multi-dimensional systems with local interactions. The locality of these interactions is represented...
-
The buckling analysis of a cold-formed steel C-sectional column resting on an elastic foundation
PublicationThe paper is focused on stability analysis of different models of steel cold-formed C-section column. The analysed element may be applied as a primary load-bearing member in steel trusses or silo columns. The column can be used as a support for a wall of roof plates made of corrugated sheets. The wall sheeting that restrains the column against buckling may be considered as an elastic foundation. Due to the design solutions the...
-
STABILITY AND LOAD BEARING CAPACITY OF A BARS WITH BUILT UP CROSS SECTION AND ELASTIC SUPPORTS
PublicationThe present paper is devoted to the numerical analysis and experimental tests of compressed bars with built–up cross section which are commonly used as a top chord of the roof trusses. The significant impact on carrying capacity for that kind of elements in case of out-of-plane buckling is appropriate choice of battens which are used to provide interaction between separate members. Linear buckling analysis results and nonlinear static...
-
Optimization of Stabilizing Systems in Protection of Cultural Heritage: The Case of the Historical Retaining Wall in the Wisłoujście Fortress
PublicationThe aim of the paper is to propose new quantitative criteria for selecting the optimal method of securing and repairing a historical object, which take into account Structural, Conservation and Architectural aspects (the S–C–A method). Construction works on cultural heritage sites tend to be challenging and require an interdisciplinary approach. Therefore, they are strictly related to the philosophy of sustainable development which...
-
Singlet Exciton Diffusion in Vacuum-Evaporated Films of Amine-Based Materials as Studied by Photocurrent and Photoluminescence Quenching Methods
PublicationThe singlet exciton diffusion lengths are determined by the photoconductivity as well as the luminescence surface quenching technique, in vacuum‐evaporated layers of (4,4′,4″‐tris(N‐(3‐methylphenyl)‐N‐phenylylamino) triphenylamine) (m‐MTDATA), 4,4′,4″‐tris[2‐naphthyl(phenyl)amino] triphenylamine (2TNATA), and N,N′‐diphenyl‐N,N′‐bis(3‐methylphenyl)‐[1,1′‐biphenyl]‐4,4′‐diamine (TPD) which are frequently used for fabrication of electroluminescent...
-
Scrutiny of power grids by penetrating PV energy in wind farms: a case study of the wind corridor of Jhampir, Pakistan
PublicationThis study examines the problems caused by intermittent renewable energy sources, especially wind farms, and suggests a different solar energy penetration strategy to improve their loading capacity. The study uses real-time data from a wind farm in Jhampir, Pakistan, to analyse and assess various aspects of grid stations connected to wind farms. Electrical Transient Analyzer Program is used to validate the results by linking...
-
Estimation of the Maximum Permissible PV Power to be Connected to the MV Grid
PublicationIn recent decades, a significant increase in the share of renewable energy sources in power grids at various voltage levels has been observed. A number of articles have been published highlighting emerging problems in low-voltage grids with a large share of prosumers and in medium- and high-voltage grids to which photovoltaic (PV) plants are connected. The article analyzes the medium-voltage grid in terms of the possibility of...
-
Scrutiny of power grids by penetrating PV energy in wind farms: a case study of the wind corridor of Jhampir, Pakistan
PublicationThis study examines the problems caused by intermittent renewable energy sources, especially wind farms, and suggests a different solar energy penetration strategy to improve their loading capacity. The study uses real-time data from a wind farm in Jhampir, Pakistan, to analyse and assess various aspects of grid stations connected to wind farms. Electrical Transient Analyzer Program is used to validate the results by linking these...
-
Directions of Energy Transition of Uzbekistan
PublicationThe aim of the paper is to present the changes in the Uzbekistan energy market over the past few years. Uzbekistan is self-sufficient in terms of energy resources, the exploitation of which will last for many years. In 2019, the government adopted the "Concept Note ensuring electricity supply in Uzbekistan in 2020-2030" strategy, which announced the modernization of gas and coal power plants and the construction of new energy facilities,...
-
Simulating Power Generation from Photovoltaics in the Polish Power System Based on Ground Meteorological Measurements—First Tests Based on Transmission System Operator Data
PublicationThe Polish power system is undergoing a slow process of transformation from coal to one that is renewables dominated. Although coal will remain a fundamental fuel in the coming years, the recent upsurge in installed capacity of photovoltaic (PV) systems should draw significant attention. Owning to the fact that the Polish Transmission System Operator recently published the PV hourly generation time series in this article, we aim...
-
Educational and cognitive aspects of adaptation of nonuse spaces in monumental sacral objects.
PublicationThe area of attics and towers in historic churches in Europe are yet quite inaccessible places for visitors, shrouded in the atmosphere of mysticism, hiding many secrets. Introduction of the new public function into the non-used zones of the monumental sacral objects has many aspects including educational and cognitive ones which are discussed in the following article. The article indicates items that can be found in the zone above...
-
Acceleration of Electromagnetic Simulations on Reconfigurable FPGA Card
PublicationIn this contribution, the hardware acceleration of electromagnetic simulations on the reconfigurable field-programmable-gate-array (FPGA) card is presented. In the developed implementation of scientific computations, the matrix-assembly phase of the method of moments (MoM) is accelerated on the Xilinx Alveo U200 card. The computational method involves discretization of the frequency-domain mixed potential integral equation using...
-
Stabilizing forces in trapezoidal sheeting used as a part of the bracing system
PublicationIn the analysis of bracing systems imperfections of the restrained elements should be considered. According to EC3 this effect can be calculated by means of the equivalent stabilizing force, which replaces (in simplified way) initial bow imperfection of the braced element. However, alternative suggestions of the equivalent stabilizing force calculations can be also found in the literature. In this paper segment of the pitched roof...
-
Edgewise Compressive Behavior of Composite Structural Insulated Panels with Magnesium Oxide Board Facings
PublicationEdgewise compression response of a composite structural insulated panel (CSIP) with magnesium oxide board facings was investigated. The discussed CSIP is a novel multifunctional sandwich panel introduced to the housing industry as a part of the wall, floor, and roof assemblies. The study aims to propose a computational tool for reliable prediction of failure modes of CSIPs subjected to concentric and eccentric axial loads. An advanced...
-
Evaluation of Street Lighting Efficiency Using a Mobile Measurement System
PublicationThe issue concerns the initial stage of work on a method for performing a rapid assessment of the energy efficiency and illuminance of a street lighting installation. The proposed method is based on simultaneous measurement of illuminance from three lux meters placed on the roof of the vehicle. The data are acquired in road traffic, while the vehicle is driving. The proposed solution will allow in the future to quickly and reproducibly...
-
Stabilizing forces in trapezoidal sheeting used as a part of the bracing system
PublicationIn the analysis of bracing systems imperfections of the restrained elements should be considered. According to EC3 this effect can be calculated by means of the equivalent stabilizing force, which replaces (in simplified way) initial bow imperfection of the braced element. However, alternative suggestions of the equivalent stabilizing force calculations can be also found in the literature. In this paper segment of the pitched roof...
-
Cleaner energy for sustainable future using hybrid photovoltaics-thermoelectric generators system under non-static conditions using machine learning based control technique
PublicationIn addition to the load demand, the temperature difference between the hot and cold sides of the thermoelectric generator (TEG) module determines the output power for thermoelectric generator systems. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control is needed to track the optimal global power point as operating conditions change. The growing use of electricity and the decline in the use of fossil fuels have sparked interest in photovoltaic-TEG...
-
Analiza porównawcza sposobów wyznaczania obciążeń wiatrem na podstawie norm projektowych i analizy przepływu CFD
PublicationW pracy poruszono tematykę wykorzystania analizy przepływu CFD do wyznaczania obciążeń wiatru na konstrukcje. Przedstawiono analizę trzech modeli budynków o dachu dwuspadowym o różnych kątach nachylenia, dla których dokonano porównania wielkości współczynników parcia z wynikami dostępnymi w literaurze. Obliczenia analityczne wykonano zgodnie z normą z PN-EN 1991-1-4, natomiast obliczenia numeryczne wykonano w programie R-Wind Simulation....
-
Design and Performance Evaluation of the Energy Subsystem of a Hybrid Light andWave Energy Harvester
PublicationThe paper presents the design and performance of an energy subsystem (ES) dedicated to hybrid energy harvesters (HEHs): wave energy converters (WECs) combined with photovoltaic panels (PVPs). The considered ES is intended for compact HEHs powering autonomous end-node devices in distributed IoT networks. The designed ES was tested experimentally and evaluated in relation to the mobile and wireless distributed communication use case....
-
Evaluation of fire hazard in electrical installations due to unfavorable ambient thermal conditions
PublicationEvaluation of fire hazard caused by electrical installations is a difficult and important topic, and it limits the possibility of loss of life or health of people, as well as the occurrence of significant property damage. In particular, this hazard was caused by power cables and especially photovoltaic (PV) installations. The authors proved that power cables directly exposed to strong solar radiation are likely to exceed maximum...