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Search results for: SHALLOW WATER WAVES BURGER'S EQUATION NUMERICAL METHODS
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Performance of the Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Underwater Acoustic Communication System with Differential Detection in Strong Multipath Propagation Conditions
PublicationThe underwater acoustic communication (UAC) operating in very shallow-water should ensure reliable transmission in conditions of strong multipath propagation, significantly disturbing the received signal. One of the techniques to achieve this goal is the direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) technique, which consists in binary phase shift keying (BPSK) according to a pseudo-random spreading sequence. This paper describes the DSSS...
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Numerical modeling of sound intensity distributions around acoustic transducer
PublicationThe aim of this research study is to measure, simulate and compare sound intensity distribution generated by the acoustic transducers of the loudspeaker. The comparison of the gathered data allows for validating the numerical model of the acoustic radiation. An accurate model of a sound source is necessary in mathematical modeling of the sound field distribution near the scattering obstacles. An example of such obstacle is a human...
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Methodology for Performing Bathymetric Measurements of Shallow Waterbodies Using an UAV, and their Processing Based on the SVR Algorithm
PublicationState-of-art methods of bathymetric measurements for shallow waterbodies use Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver, bathymetric Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) sensor or satellite imagery. Currently, photogrammetric methods with the application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) are gathering great importance. This publication aims to present step-by-step methodology for carrying out the bathymetric measurements...
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Methodology for Performing Bathymetric Measurements of Shallow Waterbodies Using an UAV, and their Processing Based on the SVR Algorithm
PublicationState-of-art methods of bathymetric measurements for shallow waterbodies use Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver, bathymetric Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) sensor or satellite imagery. Currently, photogrammetric methods with the application of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) are gathering great importance. This publication aims to present step-by-step methodology for carrying out the bathymetric measurements...
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The Processing Procedure for the Interpretation of Microseismic Signal Acquired from a Surface Array During Hydraulic Fracturing in Pomerania Region in Poland
PublicationHydraulic fracturing is a procedure of injecting high pressure fluid into the wellbore in order to break shell rock and facilitate gas flow. It is a very costly procedure and, if not conducted properly, it may lead to environmental pollution. To avoid costs associated with pumping fluid outside the perspective (gas rich) zone and improve one’s knowledge about the reservoir rock, microseismic monitoring can be applied. The method...
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PROPERTIES OF ONE DIMENSIONAL OPEN-CHANNEL STEADY FLOW EQUATIONS
PublicationIn this paper properties of discrete forms of one dimensional steady gradually varied flow equations are discussed. Such forms of flow equations are obtained as a result of approximation of their differential forms, which is required to solve them numerically. For such purpose explicit or implicit numerical approximation schemes for ordinary differential equations can be applied. It turns out that dependently on the chosen approximation...
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Conditions for Multiple Acquisition of Echoes from Stationary Targets in Successive Transmissions of Active Sonars
PublicationIn echolocation, the highest possible number of contacts with a detected target is clearly decisive on the possibilities of echo processing to optimise the estimation of distinctive characteristics of the observed target. In hydrolocation, the slow propagation of acoustic waves in water reduces the number of contacts of echosounders and sonars with detected targets. The article considers model conditions for acquiring multiple...
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DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF VIBRATION ON HISTORICAL BUILDINGS - AN OWN PROJECT OF EXTERNAL STAIRCASE
PublicationThis article presents numerical simulations that concern modeling of interaction of the external staircase’s construction with the observation deck on historic water tower located at Gdansk University of Technology. The interaction occurring according to various methods of the staircase's construction support on the wall of the historic tower was compared. The external staircase that allows for entering onto the monument was subjected...
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Verification of algorithms determining wave loads on support structure of wind turbine
PublicationThe offshore wind turbines require determination of wave loads on their support structure. This structure is fixed and, therefore, this problem is reduced to solving only the diffraction problem, which is determined by Laplace equation and conditions on the following boundaries: on the support structure, on the sea free surface and on its bottom, and at infinity on free surface. The linear problem was applied to determine the wave...
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On Some Aspects of Fish Target Strength Estimation in Shallow Waters
PublicationThe theory of acoustic surveys for determining fish abundance are well established in fishery acoustics. The origins of the estimation are related to overcoming the problem of unknown position of target in the beam using statistical inversion. Although recently researchers use more sophisticated echosounders that provides more informative data allowing for direct solution it is known that the results are biased due to not ideally...
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Thermal ablation modeling via bioheat equation
PublicationWe consider Pennes’ bioheat equation and discuss an implicit numerical scheme which has better stability properties than other approaches. Our discussion concerns Carthesian geometry problems, however it carries over to spherical geometry models and more complicated shapes.
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Nonlinear properties of the Gotland Deep – Baltic Sea
PublicationThe properties of the nonlinear phenomenon in water, including sea water, have been well known for many decades. The feature of the non homogeneous distribution of the speed of sound along the depth of the sea is very interesting from the physical and technical point of view. It is important especially in the observation of underwater area by means of acoustical method ( Grelowska et al ., 2013; 2014). The observation of the underwater...
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Diffusible hydrogen management in underwater wet self-shielded flux cored arc welding
PublicationThis article reports the effect of underwater wet welding parameters and conditions on the diffusible hydrogen content in deposited metal for welding with a self-shielded flux cored wire. The diffusible hydrogen content in deposited metal was determined using the glycerin method according to the Plackett-Burman design determining the significance of the effect of the stick out length, welding current, arc voltage, travel speed...
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Optimised Allocation of Hard Quality Sensors for Robust Monitoring of Quality in Drinking Water Distribution Systems
PublicationA problem of optimised placement of the hard quality sensors in Drinking Water Distribution Systems for robust quality monitoring is formulated. Two numerical algorithms to solve the problem are derived. The optimality is meant as achieving a desired trade off between the sensor capital and maintenance costs and resulting robust estimation accuracy of the monitoring algorithm. The robust estimation algorithm recently developed...
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Magnetosonic Excitation of the Entropy Perturbations in a Plasma with Thermal Conduction Depending on Temperature
PublicationNonlinear excitation of the entropy perturbations by magnetosonic waves in a uniform and infinite plasma model is considered. The wave vector of slow or fast mode forms an arbitrary angle (0 B B ) with the equilibrium straight magnetic field, and all perturbations are functions of the time and longitudinal coordinate. Thermal conduction is the only factor which destroys isentropicity of wave perturbations and causes the nonlinear...
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Changes in conditions of acoustic wave propagation in the Gdansk deep as an effect of climate changes in the Baltic Sea region
PublicationThe article presents the results from a research project investigating acoustic climate changes in the Gdansk Deepbased on data extending from 1902 to 2019. This part of the southern Gotland Basin, is rarely discussed in thescientific literature.The speed of sound in the seawater is a function of temperature, salinity, and depth. In such shallow sea asBaltic Sea, the impact of depth is not substantial....
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Numerical Study of Concrete Mesostructure Effect on Lamb Wave Propagation
PublicationThe article presents the results of the numerical investigation of Lamb wave propagation in concrete plates while taking into account the complex concrete mesostructure. Several concrete models with randomly distributed aggregates were generated with the use of the Monte Carlo method. The influence of aggregate ratio and particle size on dispersion curves representing Lamb wave modes was analyzed. The results obtained for heterogeneous...
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On forced vibrations of piezo-flexomagnetic nano-actuator beams
PublicationThe effect of excitation frequency on the piezomagnetic Euler-Bernoulli nanobeam taking the flexomagnetic material phenomenon into consideration is investigated in this chapter. The magnetization with strain gradients creates flexomagneticity. We couple simultaneously the piezomagnetic and flexomagnetic properties in an inverse magnetization. Resemble the flexoelectricity, the flexomagneticity is also size-dependent. So, it has...
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Ultrasonic diagnostics of concrete T-beams used in bridge structures
PublicationThis paper describes a method of ultrasonic diagnostics used for prefabricated concrete elements. The studies are focused on the applicability of nondestructive techniques based on impulse and wave packet induced elastic waves for the condition assessment of T-shaped bridge beams. Experimental tests were performed for the prestressed beam used for the superstructure of the viaduct on A1 highway near Toruń. In addition numerical...
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On the convergence of a finite-difference discretization à la Mickens of the generalized Burgers–Huxley equation
PublicationIn this note, we establish the property of convergence for a finite-difference discretization of a diffusive partial differential equation with generalized Burgers convective law and generalized Hodgkin–Huxley reaction. The numerical method was previously investigated in the literature and, amongst other features of interest, it is a fast and nonlinear technique that is capable of preserving positivity, boundedness and monotonicity....
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Large deformation modelling of CPT probing in soft soil—pore water pressure analysis
PublicationThis paper presents the results of finite element modelling with Updated Lagrangian formulation of the Cone Penetration Test in soft soil deposit located in Jazowa, Poland. The numerical calculations are carried out for homogenous, normally consolidated, organic soil layer. The Modified Cam Clay constitutive model for soft soil and Coulomb model for interface are used. The study compares the registered pore water pressure distributions...
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ANALYSIS OF THE PROJECT OF INNOVATIVE FLOATING TURBINE
PublicationThe design of a floating, innovative device for river water aeration and conversion of mechanical energy to electrical energy required the analysis of a number of geometrical and dynamic features. Such an analysis may be carried out on the basis of existing methods of numerical fluid mechanics. Models of pressures, forces and torques characteristic for the conversion of watercourse energy were developed for two basic concepts of...
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Using Fast Frequency Hopping Technique to Improve Reliability of Underwater Communication System
PublicationAcoustic underwater communication systems designed to work reliably in shallow coastal waters must overcome major limitations such as multipath propagation and the Doppler effect. These restrictions are the reason for the complexity of receivers being built, whose task is to decode a symbol on the basis of the received signal. Additional complications are caused by the low propagation speed of the acoustic wave in the water and...
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Multistatyczny, Dopplerowski System określania położenia i prędkości ruchomych celów w wodzie
PublicationW omawianym w pracy multistatycznym, dopplerowskim systemie określania położenia i prędkości ruchomych celów w wodzie źródłem sygnału są dwa nadajniki emitujące sinusoidalne, akustyczne fale ciągłe o różnych częstotliwościach, które po odbiciu od ruchomego celu są obierane przez cztery hydrofony. W artykule przedstawiono analize teoretyczna efektu Dopplera, na którym oparte jest działanie systemu oraz metodę rozwiązania głównych...
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Interaction between acoustic and non-acoustic mode in bubbly liquid
PublicationThe nonlinear interaction of acoustic and entropy modes in a bubbly liquid is the subject of investigation. Thedynamic equation governing an excess density of the entropy mode is derived. Nonlinearity and dispersion are the reasons forexcitation of the entropy mode. The nonlinear interaction of modes as a reason for bubble to grow due to sound, is discovered.Some numerical examples of the modes interactions are made.
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On various modelling approaches to real-time visualisation of blood flow
PublicationThis paper reviews various modelling approaches to real-time visualisation of blood flow. These include classic, macroscale approach based on the momentum conservation equation together with a proper constitutive equation. Moreover, modern micro- and mesoscale approaches, such as molecular dynamics and dissipative particle dynamics, are discussed. Advantages and disadvantages of the discussed methods are highlighted with particular...
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Theoretical and experimental analysis of guided wave propagation in plate-like structures with sinusoidal thickness variations
PublicationGuided waves have attracted significant attention for non-destructive testing (NDT) and structural health monitoring (SHM) due to their ability to travel relatively long distances without significant energy loss combined with their sensitivity to even small defects. Therefore, they are commonly used in damage detection and localization applications. The main idea of incorporating guided waves in NDT and SHM is based on processing...
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Impact of polder flood plain of the Cisowska Struga on the transformation of flood waves between Gdynia and Rumia
PublicationThe paper presents the results of hydraulic calculations (numerical simulations), which were made to investigate the role of floodplain (polder) adjacent to the left bank of Cisowska Struga in Gdynia downstream Hutnicza St. in the process of retention and transformation of flood waves occurring in this river due to torrential rainfall. The paper also addressed the issue of the impact of potential changes in the development of the...
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Experimental and Computational Analysis of the Ship Propeller in Open Water Conditions for Inclined Flow
PublicationThe paper presents the results of computational analyses simulating the open water tests of ship propeller in inclined flow. The results of computations are compared with the results of corresponding experimental analyses carried out in the towing tank of Ship Design and Research Centre (CTO S.A.). The object of the research was the model propeller identified as CP469. The aim of the study was to validate the results of numerical...
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COMPARISON OF INFINITE ELEMENT MODELS
PublicationThe main objective of this paper is to show the comparison of two models of infinite ab- sorbing layer with increasing damping in numerical investigations of elastic wave prop- agation in unbounded structures. This has been achieved by the Authors by a careful in- vestigation of two different engineering structures characterised by gradually increasing geometrical and mathematical description complexities. The analysis included...
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HMSE: A tool for coupling MODFLOW and HYDRUS-1D computer programs
PublicationA new software HMSE has been developed to facilitate external coupling between two well-known programs for subsurface flow modeling: MODFLOW-2005 (saturated zone flow) and HYDRUS-1D (unsaturated zone flow). Two coupling schemes have been implemented. In the first case the groundwater recharge flux is calculated by HYDRUS-1D assuming a fixed water table position and then passed to MODFLOW input files. In the second case the water...
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A method for testing the wide-sense stationary uncorrelated scattering assumption fulfillment for an underwater acoustic channel
PublicationWide-sense stationary and uncorrelated scattering (WSSUS) assumptions are often applied for the statistical description of wireless communication channels. However, in the case of underwater acoustic channels the WSSUS model is of limited value. The degree of similarity of in-phase and quadrature components of the channel impulse response, measured with the use of bandpass modulated signals, can be used as an indicator of WSSUS...
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Deterministic versus stochastic modelling of unsaturated flow in a sandy field soil based on dual tracer breakthrough data
PublicationThe 216 km2 Neuenhagen Millcreeck catchment can be characterized as a drought sensitive landscape in NE Germany. It is therefore a fundamental human interest to understand how water that fell as precipitation moves through the unsaturated soils and recharges groundwater. Additionally, a better knowledge of nutrient transport from soil to groundwater is important also, especially in landscapes with light sandy soils. For a better...
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Initial Investigation of Wave Interactions During Simultaneous Valve Closures in Hydraulic Piping Systems
PublicationThe effects of interference of pressure waves in simple piping systems were studied. A freeware computer code Allievi developed at the University of Valencia was used to simulate dynamic waveforms in simple and complex networks. The tests were carried out according to three scenarios. No pressure increases significantly exceeding the Joukowsky pressure in simple cases were noticed. When the effects of the simultaneous closing of...
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Experimental and numerical analysis of wave propagation in ground anchors
PublicationThe article focuses on wave propagation phenomenon in ground anchors. The main aim of the investigation is the non-destructive diagnostics and the assessment of the state of ground anchors, using the guided wave propagation method. Laboratory models of anchors with different lengths of the anchor body were tested and voltage signals of propagating waves were registered at several locations. For all tested specimens corresponding...
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Solving Boundary Value Problems for Second Order Singularly Perturbed Delay Differential Equations by ε-Approximate Fixed-Point Method
PublicationIn this paper, the boundary value problem for second order singularly perturbed delay differential equation is reduced to a fixed-point problem v = Av with a properly chosen (generally nonlinear) operator A. The unknown fixed-point v is approximated by cubic spline vh defined by its values vi = vh(ti) at grid points ti, i = 0, 1, ... ,N. The necessary for construction the cubic spline and missing the first derivatives at the boundary...
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Numerical Test for Stability Evaluation of Discrete-Time Systems
PublicationIn this paper, a new numerical test for stability evaluation of discrete-time systems is presented. It is based on modern root-finding techniques at the complex plane employing the Delaunay triangulation and Cauchy's Argument Principle. The method evaluates if a system is stable and returns possible values and multiplicities of unstable zeros of the characteristic equation. For state-space discrete-time models, the developed test...
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Cavity-expansion approximation for projectile impact and penetration into sand
PublicationA one-dimensional problem of a spherical cavity expanding at a constant velocity from zero initial radius in an infinite granular medium, which has the first-kind self-similar solution, is considered. We are solving this dynamic spherical cavity-expansion problem to model rigid spheres penetrating into a granular media. Elastic–plastic deformation of the granular media is described in a barotropic approximation, using the high-pressure...
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Modelling of elastic wave propagation in a bolted joint using a thin layer of shell elements
PublicationThere are many mathematical models describing the propagation of elastic waves through the imperfect boundary of two media. They were successfully applied to modelling of high frequency bulk waves and their interaction with local defects. On the other hand, the existing literature models of bolted connections ignore the aspect of imperfect connection between elements. Therefore, this paper presents the concept of application of...
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Fast bubble dynamics and sizing
PublicationSingle bubble sizing is usually performed by measuring the resonant bubble response using the Dual Frequency Ultrasound Method. However, in practice, the use of millisecond-duration chirp-like waves yields nonlinear distortions of the bubble oscillations. In comparison with the resonant curve obtained under harmonic excitation, it was observed that the bubble dynamic response shifted by up to 20 percent of the resonant frequency...
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Bringing Bathymetry LiDAR to Coastal Zone Assessment: A Case Study in the Southern Baltic
PublicationOne of the major tasks in environmental protection is monitoring the coast for negative impacts due to climate change and anthropopressure. Remote sensing techniques are often used in studies of impact assessment. Topographic and bathymetric procedures are treated as separate measurement methods, while methods that combine coastal zone analysis with underwater impacts are rarely used in geotechnical analyses. This study presents...
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Verification of baffle factor for straight pipe flow
PublicationDuring the water disinfection devices designing, it is often assumed that the baffle factor for a straight pipe reactors is equal to one. It would be possible only for the plug flow, which is a simplified model of the flow and does not appear in real situations. The paper contains an equation which enables calculation of the real value of the baffle factor for the pipe flow.
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Identification of hydroacoustic wave sources of ship in motion
PublicationThis paper deals with results of identification tests of acoustic field spectrum of underwater noise generated by ship in motion. The field is connected with acoustic activity of ship mechanisms and devices in operation. Vibration energy generated by the mechanisms and devices is transferred through ship structural elements to surrounding water where it propagates in the form of acoustic waves of a broad band of frequencies. In...
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Coupled Urban Areas Inundation Model with Interaction Between Storm Water System and Surface Flow - Case Study of Sea Level Impact on Seaside Areas Flooding
PublicationInundations are becoming more frequent than ever. What is connected with increasing area of impervious surface in cities. This makes predicting urban flooding and its scale especially important. At the seaside we observe additional conditions such as sea level that makes accurate numerical modelling of issue even harder. With complex approach to the matter which is simultaneous calculation of storm water conduit flow and overland...
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Novel analysis methods of dynamic properties for vehicle pantographs
PublicationTransmission of electrical energy from a catenary system to traction units must be safe and reliable especially for high speed trains. Modern pantographs have to meet these requirements. Pantographs are subjected to several forces acting on their structural elements. These forces come from pantograph drive, inertia forces, aerodynamic effects, vibration of traction units etc. Modern approach to static and dynamic analysis should...
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Geo-engineering computer simulation seems attractive but is it the real world?
PublicationCorrect formulation of the differential equation system for equilibriom conditions of subsoil, especially in terms of controlled numerical calculation, is discussed. The problem of solution stability is also considered. The solution of problems, which are ill-posed, have no practical value in the majority of cases and is this way the engineering prognosis can lead to real disaster. The object of this paper is quite relevant if...
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Numerical simulation of hardening of concrete plate
PublicationThe paper presents a theoretical formulation of concrete curing in order to predict temperature evolution and strength development. The model of heat flow is based on a well-known Fourier equation. The numerical solution is implemented by means of the Finite Difference Method. In order to verify the model, the in situ temperature measurements at the top plate of a road bridge were carried out. A high agreement between numerical...
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The development of an underwater telephone for digital communication purposes
PublicationThe underwater telephone HTL-10 has been designed to provide voice and data communication between helicopter and submarines using acoustic waves. It works in a half-duplex mode and uses analogue power-efficient modulation in the form of a single side-band, suppressed carrier, in a wide range of frequencies. It generates the transmitted signal, and processes the received signals. It is implemented with the use of digital signal...
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Local buckling of compressed flange of cold-formed channel members made of aluminum alloy
PublicationThe paper deals with local buckling of a compressed single flange of thin-walled channel cold- formed columns and beams made of aluminum alloy. Material is described by means of the Ramberg-Osgood constitutive equation. Axial compression of the columns and beams undergoing bending is taken into consid- eration. A simple model of the member flange in the form a long beam elastically connected to the web is used to find the critical...
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Flexural buckling and post-buckling of columns made of aluminium alloy
PublicationThe paper concerns flexural buckling and initial post-buckling of axially compressed columns made of aluminium alloy described by the Ramberg-Osgood relationship. The non-linear differential equation of the problem is derived using the stationary total energy principle and the assumptions of classical beam theory within a finite range. The approximate analytical solution of the equation leading to the buckling loads and initial...