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Search results for: DIRECT HYDROGEN REDUCTION
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Electron Scattering on X(CH3)4 Molecules: Applicability of Simple Additivity Rule and Role of Methylation
PublicationTo investigate influence of target methylation (substitution of a hydrogen atom by methyl group) on electron-collision processes we compare absolute total cross sections for XH4 and X(CH3)4 molecules, where X is Si and Ge, respectively. We also compare experimental TCSs energy dependencies with estimated data obtained using simple formula and TCSs for methyl group and those for SiH4 and GeH4. Electron-scattering TCSs for mentioned...
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Factors causing degradation of sulfadimetoxine
PublicationSulfadimetoxine is a representative of sulfonamide drugs which presence inhibits growth of activated sludge bacteria, rhat is necessary for the effective mineralization of organic and inorganic contaminants. Therefore factors which con prevent this situation are searched. Aim of this study is selection of conditions causing efficien degradation of the drug- sulfadimetoxine. The impact of such aspects as : the type of oxidizing...
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A General Synthesis of Diaryl Cyclic Diamidines
PublicationA convenient and general method has been developed for directly converting bis-nitriles, e.g., I, to cyclic diamidines, e.g., II, using reagents derived from diaminoalkanes, e.g., H2NCH2CH2NH2, satd. with hydrogen sulfide. A 1:1 mixt. of a diaminoalkane and Et alc. (or without) was effective in most cases (72-88%). The synthetic utility of this methodol. in the prepn. of tetrakis(cyclic amidino)pyrenes III (R = H, Me) from 1,3,6,8-tetracyanopyrene...
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The properties of reduced Ge-Sb-O glasses for thermoelectric devices
PublicationThe structural and electrical properties of germanium-antimonate glasses after heat treatment in hydrogen have been determined. In the case of 50GeO2-50Sb2O3 glass reduced at 340°C even for less than 1 hour a continuous layer of antimony granules is formed and its electrical properties determine the surface conductivity of the reduced sample. The bulk electrical conductivity at 100°C of this sample was determined as 1000 Scm-1...
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Synthesis and Testing of BCZY/LNZ Mixed Proton–electron Conducting Composites for Fuel Cell Applications
PublicationA composite of BaCe0.6Zr0.2Y0.2O3–δ and Li2O:NiO:ZnO was investigated for fuel cell applications. The composite was successfully synthesized and its phase stability was confirmed at temperatures up to 900 °C. The influence of sintering and pressing aids on density was also investigated. Electrical properties were measured. DC electrical conductivity was about 8•10-4 S/m at 845 K. Open circuit voltage measurements in wet hydrogen...
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IMPACT OF DIRECT CURRENT ON NITRIFYING BIOMASS
PublicationEffects of short term exposure of nitrifying biomass to direct current were studied. DC was applied to mixed liquor from municipal BNR plant using graphite electrodes in no substrate limiting conditions. Both, ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) populations were affected by the current, however in opposite ways. The AOB population activity was inhibited by applied voltage. Activity decrease was...
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The supramolecular organization of self-assembling chlorosomal bacteriochlorophyll c, d, or e mimics
PublicationBacteriochlorophylls (BChls) c, d, and e are the main light-harvesting pigments of green photosynthetic bacteria that self-assemble into nanostructures within the chlorosomes forming the most efficient antennas of photosynthetic organisms. All previous models of the chlorosomal antennae, which are quite controversially discussed because no single crystals could be grown so far from these organelles, involve a strong hydrogen-bonding...
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EFFECT OF SURFACE STATE AND STRESS ON AN OXIDATION OF THE ZIRCALOY-2 ALLOY
PublicationZr alloys are widely used as materials for nuclear fuel pellets in the nuclear industry. In the case of the LOCA or RIA happen, a temperature may locally reach high values. Even if the high temperature maintains shortly, the zirconium oxides may become permeable, absorb hydrogen appearing in cooling water from decomposition reaction and crack because of formation and brittle failure of hydrides. Such model cannot so far take into...
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Communication: Inside the water wheel: Intrinsic differences between hydrated tetraphenylphosphonium and tetraphenylborate ions
PublicationTetraphenylphosphonium tetraphenylborate (TPTB) is a common reference electrolyte in physical chemistry of solutions allowing for a convenient partitioning of thermodynamic properties into single-ion contributions. Here, we compute on the basis of ab initio molecular dynamics simulations the infrared (IR) spectra for hydrated constituent ions of the TPTB assumption. Using spectral decomposition techniques, we extract important...
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Plasticity of Bead-On-Plate Welds Made with the Use of Stored Flux-Cored Wires for Offshore Applications
PublicationExtreme atmospheric conditions in the marine and offshore industry are harmful to engineering materials, especially to welded joints, and may cause degradation of their properties. This article presents the results of research on the plasticity of bead-on-plate welds made using two types of seamless, copper plated flux-cored wires. Before welding, spools with wire were stored for 1 month in two distinct locations with different...
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Ultrasound-Assisted Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Using Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) for Neutral Red Dye Spectrophotometric Determination
PublicationDeep eutectic solvents (DES), which have low toxicity and are low cost, biodegradable, and easily synthesized, were used for the extraction of neutral red (NR) dye before its spectrophotometric analysis. DES, containing choline chloride as a hydrogen bond acceptor and phenol as a hydrogen bond donor with a molar ratio of 1:2, was used for the extraction of NR dye from aqueous media. The possible interaction of different DESs with...
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Effectiveness of a dual surface modification of metallic interconnects for application in energy conversion devices
PublicationA dual surface modification of an SOFC metallic interconnect with a Gd2O3 layer and an MnCo2O4 coating was evaluated. The tested samples were oxidized for 7000 h in air at 1073 K. Oxidation products were characterized using XRD, SEM-EDS, and confocal Raman imaging, and ASR was measured. The effect of gadolinium segregation at grain boundaries in Cr2O3 was evaluated using S/TEM-EDS. Area specific-resistance was measured and fuel...
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Influence of yttria surface modification on high temperature corrosion of porous Ni22Cr alloy
PublicationProtective coatings for porous alloys for high temperature use are relatively new materials. Their main drawback is high temperature corrosion. In this work protective coatings based the on Y-precursor infiltrated into the sintered Ni22Cr alloys are studied at 700°C. Effects of the amount of the protective phase on the resulting corrosion properties are evaluated in air and humidified hydrogen. Weight gain of the samples, their...
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The possibility of use keratin products in various branches of industry
PublicationBird's feather, the main by-product of the poultry industry, are not enough utilized and negatively influencing the environment. They contain large amount of keratin, the protein with high cystine content. The aim of our work was to obtain hydrolysates and isolates of keratin, which can be used in various areas of food, cosmetics, pharmaceutical industry and as animal feed. Keratin can be hydrolyzed and extracted from feather after...
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Electron impact fragmentation of pyrrole molecules studied by fluorescence emission spectroscopy
PublicationThe fluorescence emission spectroscopy using electron impact excitation technique was employed to study fragmentation processes of the gas phase pyrrole molecules. The following excited fragmentation species were observed by detection of their fluorescence decay: the atomic hydrogen H(n), n = 4-7 and the diatomic CH(A2Δ), CN(B2Σ+), NH(A3Π) and C2(d3Πg) fragments. These atomic and molecular products differ from those previously...
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Preparation of 1-[Ω-(1,4,5,6-Tetrahydropyrimidin-2-yl)alkyl]thymines
PublicationOne-stage prepn. of the hydrochloride salts of 1-[ω-(1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-2-yl)alkyl]-thymines, e.g. I, from 1-(ω-cyanoalkyl)thymines and a 1:1-mixt. of 1,3-diaminopropane and ethanol satd. with hydrogen sulfide is described. 1-(2-Cyanoethyl)-thymine gave a facile reversal of the Michael reaction to thymine under the conditions used. The reaction of 1,3-bis(3-cyanobenzyl)thymine with the above reagent produced 1,3-bis[3-(1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-2-yl)benzyl]thymine.
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Environmental degradation of titanium alloy in artificial saliva
PublicationThe titanium and its alloys are potentially prone to hydrogen embrittlement, including those proposed for dental implants. The research has been aimed to assess a susceptibility to environment-enhanced degradation of the Ti-13Zr-13Nb alloy in artificial saliva with or without hydrofluoric acid, subject or not to cathodic polarisation. The results have shown that even if artificial saliva is safe environment, both cathodic polarization...
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Environmental degradation of Ti alloys in artificial saliva and a role of fluorides
PublicationThe titanium and its alloys are potentially prone to hydrogen embrittlement, including those proposed for dental implants. The research has been aimed to assess a susceptibility to environment-enhanced degradation of the Ti-13Zr-13Nb alloy in artificial saliva with or without hydrofluoric acid, subject or not to cathodic polarisation. The results have shown that even if artificial saliva is safe environment, both cathodic polarization...
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Cathodic activation of synthesized highly defective monoclinic hydroxyl‐functionalized ZrO2 nanoparticles for efficient electrochemical production of hydrogen in alkaline media
PublicationThe high electrochemical stability of Zirconia (ZrO2) at high potentials strongly suggested it as an alternative to carbon supports, which experience reduced efficiency due to some corrosion problems particularly during prolonged electrocatalysis activity. However, the use of ZrO2 was limited by its low electrical conductivity and surface area. In this work, we developed a methodology for synthesizing monoclinic ZrO2 NPs with increased...
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Catalytic Activity of Nickel and Ruthenium–Nickel Catalysts Supported on SiO2, ZrO2, Al2O3, and MgAl2O4 in a Dry Reforming Process
PublicationDry reforming of methane (DRM) is an eco-friendly method of syngas production due to the utilization of two main greenhouse gases—methane and carbon dioxide. An industrial application of methane dry reforming requires the use of a catalyst with high activity, stability over a long time, and the ability to catalyze a reaction, leading to the needed a hydrogen/carbon monoxide ratio. Thus, the aim of the study was to investigate the...
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Solubility of Carbon Dioxide in Deep Eutectic Solvents Based on 3-Amino-1-Propanol and Tetraalkylammonium Salts at Low Pressure
PublicationDeep eutectic solvents (DESs) became an object of a great interest as an alternative to ionic liquids (ILs) and commonly used in CO2 capture amine solutions. In the present study, five different DESs based on 3-amino-1-propanol as physical-chemical CO2 absorbents were used. The composition was chosen in order to estimate the effects of hydrogen bond acceptor:hydrogen bond donor (HBA:HBD) molar ratio, anion type and length of alkyl...
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Tailoring Diffusional Fields in Zwitterion/Dopamine Copolymer Electropolymerized at Carbon Nanowalls for Sensitive Recognition of Neurotransmitters
PublicationThe importance of neurotransmitter sensing in the diagnosis and treatment of many psychological illnesses and neurodegenerative diseases is non-negotiable. For electrochemical sensors to become widespread and accurate, a long journey must be undertaken for each device, from understanding the materials at the molecular level to real applications in biological fluids. We report a modification of diamondized boron-doped carbon nanowalls...
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Verification of punching shear outside the shear cap by the direct method
PublicationThe proposition of a method to verify the punching resistance for very large supports based on the EN 1992-1-1 standard is described in this paper. The present standard guidelines for the calculation of the punching resistance for large supports are also summarised. The proposed direct method is compared with other standard methods using an example taken from design practice. This method consists of a direct check of the shear...
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Hydration of N-Hydroxyurea from Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Simulations
PublicationN-Hydroxyurea (HU) is an important chemotherapeutic agent used as a first-line treatment in conditions such as sickle cell disease and β-thalassemia, among others. To date, its properties as a hydrated molecule in the blood plasma or cytoplasm are dramatically understudied, although they may be crucial to the binding of HU to the radical catalytic site of ribonucleotide reductase, its molecular target. The purpose of this work...
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Reduction of steel chimney vibrations with a pendlum damper.
PublicationKarman vortices observed around chimneys may induce dangerous structural vi-brations at certain wind velocities. The aim of this paper is to analyse theeffectiveness of pendulum damper in vibration reduction of a steel chimney. A two degree-of-freedom system is used to model the behaviour of the struc-ture equipped with a damper. The results of the study show that the use of pendulum with tuned frequency leads to significant...
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A novel concept of enhanced direct-contact condensation of vapour- inert gas mixture in a spray ejector condenser
PublicationAn analytical model of direct steam condensation (DCC) in the novel idea of spray ejector condenser (SEC) in the presence of inert gas has been developed. It is based on continuity, momentum and energy equations for the steam-carbon dioxide mixture and direct contact condensation mechanisms due to heat transfer and concentration. Crucial in the process of DCC is atomisation of the motive fluid in the ejector. The effect of atomised...
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Objective relaxation algorithm for reliable simulation-driven size reduction of antenna structure
PublicationThis letter investigates reliable size reduction of antennas through electromagnetic-driven optimization. It is demonstrated that conventional formulation of the design task by direct footprint miniaturization with imposing constraints on electrical performance parameters may not lead to optimum results. The reason is that—in a typical antenna structure—only a few geometry parameters explicitly determine the antenna footprint,...
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Imidazolium silanethiolates relevant to the active site of cysteineproteases. A cooperative effect in a chain of NH(+)...S(-) hydrogenbonds
PublicationThree imidazolium silanethiolates relevant to the active site of cysteine proteases have been synthesized and investigated by X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy and computational methods. As indicated by crystallographic and FT-IR data in the solid state, the transfer of proton from thiol to imidazole takes place and a thiolato-imidazolium ion pair is formed. The FT-IR spectra of crystalline imidazolium silanethiolates exhibit...
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Syntheses and structures of the first terminal phosphanylphosphido complexes of molybdenum(IV)
PublicationThe reactions of R2P-P(SiMe3)Li (R = tBu, iPr2N) with [Cp2MoCl2] yield terminal phosphanylphosphido complexes formally via the insertion of the phosphinidene P-atom into the C - H bond of a cyclopentadienyl ring and the migration of the hydrogen atom or SiMe3 moiety to the molybdenum centre. Solid state structures of [Cp(C5H4P-PtBu2)MoH], [Cp(C5H4P-PtBu2)Mo(SiMe3)] and [Cp{C5H4P-P(NiPr2)2}Mo(SiMe3)] were established by single crystal...
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Inhibitive effect of sodium molybdate on corrosion of AZ31 magnesium alloy in chloride solutions
PublicationIn this work, corrosion inhibition of the AZ31 magnesium alloy was investigated in NaCl solutions containing different amounts of sodium molybdate inhibitor. Electrochemical, hydrogen evolution, microscopic, and spectroscopic experiments were utilized to examine the mechanism of corrosion inhibition by molybdates. The results showed that Na2MoO4 inhibitor provides reliable inhibition at high concentrations (150 mM). Surface examination...
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MnxCo3-xO4 spinel oxides as efficient oxygen evolution reaction catalysts in alkaline media
PublicationThe design of efficient electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is an essential task in developing sustainable water splitting technology for the production of hydrogen. In this work, manganese cobalt spinel oxides with a general formula of MnxCo3-xO4 (x=0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2) were synthesised via a soft chemistry method. Non-equilibrium mixed powder compositions were produced, resulting in high electrocatalytic activity....
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A non-linear direct peridynamics plate theory
PublicationIn this paper a direct non-local peridynamics theory for thin plates is developed. Peridynamic points are assumed to behave like rigid bodies with independent translation and finite rotation degrees of freedom. The non-local mechanical interaction between points is characterized by force and moment vectors. The balance equations including the linear momentum, the angular momentum and the energy are presented. Peridynamic deformation...
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First highly effective non-catalytic nitrobenzene reduction in UV/dithionite system with aniline production – Advanced reduction process (ARP) approach
PublicationAdvanced reduction processes (ARPs) are currently intensively investigated as an alternative to Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs). The study presents efficient reduction of nitrobenzene under non-catalytic conditions through reaction with free radicals having reductive potential. Effective conversion of nitrobenzene in a model wastewater solution, was obtained for sodium dithionite (SDT)/ dithionite (DTN). The developed process...
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Modal Reduction and Analysis of Gyroscopic Systems
PublicationThe paper introduces the method of the modal reduction of systems that experience the Coriolis acceleration or gyroscopic effect component. In such cases corresponding system equations are non-self-adjoined. To solve the problem modal reduced model is built up for the system without Coriolis acceleration or gyroscopic effect terms. These phenomena are included by application of any lumping technique. Hence, the final reduced model...
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Modern Arrangement for Reduction of Voltage Perturbations
PublicationThe contents of this chapter encompass general problems and the most important issues of power-supply-quality improvement in AC systems. In the context of the above, consideration is given to evaluation of bilateral interactions of receivers with an electrical power-distribution system and methods of their reduction. Also are discussed the basis of operation of the most important compensation-filtration devices and their applications...
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Weldability of S500MC Steel in Underwater Conditions
PublicationWet welding with the use of covered electrodes is one of the methods of underwater welding. This method is the oldest, the most economic and the most versatile. The main difficulties during underwater wet welding are: high cooling rates of the joint, the presence of hydrogen in the arc area and formation of hard martensitic structure in the weld. These phenomena are often accompanied by porosity of welds and large number of spatters,...
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Występowanie bakterii siarkowych a jakość wód podziemnych ujęcia Osowa
PublicationAbstrakt. Microorganisms that live in groundwater should be considered not only from the sanitary-hygienic point of view but also in terms of adverse changes in groundwater chemistry in the aquifer layer and its negative influence on the installed devices. For these reasons, it is important to correct approach to the problem of bacterial contamination of groundwater. The paper presents selected results of physicochemical and bacteriological...
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Direct chromatographic methods in the context of green analytical chemistry
PublicationWe review analytical protocols based on gas and liquid chromatography (GC and LC), but involving no sample preparation.Green analytical chemistry seeks to minimize negative impacts of analytical chemistry. Direct analytical methods ideally fulfillthis requirement, as they preclude sample preparation - the most polluting step of the analytical procedure.We describe examples of GC methodologies for environmental and food analysis...
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Shear band evolution phenomena in direct shear test modelled with DEM.
PublicationA direct shear test is widely used in the geotechnical engineering field. It is an easy and quick test to measure the shear properties of soil. This test often replaces more expensive and difficult tri-axial shear test. Despite that the direct shear test is known and used for a long time, it is still not well investigated at the grain scale. This paper deals with the micro behaviour of the cohesionless sand inside the direct shear...
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Role of the Solvation Water in Remote Interactions of Hyperactive Antifreeze Proteins with the Surface of Ice
PublicationMost protein molecules do not adsorb onto ice, one of the exceptions being so-called antifreeze proteins. In this paper, we describe that there is a force pushing an antifreeze protein molecule away from the ice surface when it is not oriented with its ice-binding plane toward the ice and that this pushing force may be also present even when the protein is oriented with its ice-binding plane toward the ice. This force is absent...
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Effect of Arc Strikes on High Strength Low Alloy Steels Welded by SMAW
PublicationWet welding with covered electrodes (Shielded Metal Arc Welding – SMAW) is the most commonly used method of carrying out welding repair works in a water environment. Limited visibility and the inability to move freely under water result in an increased risk of formation of welding imperfections such as lack of fusion, lack of penetration and arc strikes. The work focused on changes in the properties and structure of steel subjected...
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Optimization of Graphene Oxide Synthesis and Its Reduction
PublicationIn this article, we present the review of the chemical methods of synthesis of graphene oxide and its reduction in order to obtain the so-called reduced graphene oxide (rGO) whose properties are similar to those of pure graphene. We also present our experiments and the results in this field and the comparison of the efficiency of different methods of synthesis as well as the reduction of graphene oxide. To characterize the obtained...
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Instantaneous Impedance Analysis of Non-Stationary Corrosion Process: a Case Study of Carbon Steel in 1M HCl
PublicationThe paper concerns the problem of evaluation of stationarity of carbon steel corrosion in 1M HCl. Comparison of corrosion rate with addition of corrosion inhibitor to the reference measurement is the most often used way of evaluating inhibitor efficiency. Such an approach is valid only if corrosion rate is a stationary process. Two complementary techniques were used simultaneously: volumetric analysis of evolved hydrogen and instantaneous...
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Noise related to gas bottles explosions
PublicationModern industrialized world is in a never ending danger of accidents and catastrophes of technical nature. Some of them may involve fires and explosions of gas storage bottles or containers. Technical University of Gdansk, Poland performed numerous tests where bottles containing acetylene, oxygen, hydrogen, CO2, LPG, LNG or CNG were blown due to excessive temperature caused by fire. Although those experiments were not focused on...
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Anion binding by p-aminoazobenzene-derived aromatic amides: spectroscopic and electrochemical studies
PublicationThe synthesis and complexing properties of p-aminoazobenzene-derived mono-, bis-, and trisamides were described. Ligands 3 and 4 bind anions, including fluorides, chlorides, bromides, acetates, benzoates, dihydrogen phosphates, hydrogen sulfates, and p-toluenesulfonates, in chloroform forming 1 : 1 complexes. The highest value of stability constant was evaluated for the 4-F− complex (log K = 5.63 ± 0.21). On the basis of 1H NMR,...
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Reactions of Lithiated Diphosphanes R2P-P(SiMe3)Li (R = tBu, iPr, iPr2N, Et2N) with [Cp2WCl2]. Syntheses and Structures of the First Terminal Phosphanylphosphido Complexes of Tungsten(IV)
PublicationReactions of R2P−P(SiMe3)Li (R = tBu, iPr, iPr2N, Et2N) with [Cp2WCl2] yield terminal phosphanylphosphido complexes [Cp(C5H4P-PR2)WH] or [Cp{C5H4P-PR2}-W(SiMe3)] by way of a hydrogen or SiMe3 migration to tungsten. The solid-state structures of [Cp(C5H4P−PtBu2)-WH] and [Cp(C5H4P-PNEt2)WH] were established by singlecrystalX-ray diffraction. Two stereoisomers of [Cp(C5H4P−PtBu2)WH] were identified by solution NMR spectroscopy. Reaction...
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Dissociative electron attachment and anion-induced dimerization in pyruvic acid
PublicationWe report partial cross sections for the dissociative electron attachment to pyruvic acid. A rich fragmentation dynamics is observed. Electronic structure calculations facilitate the identification of complex rearrangement reactions that occur during the dissociation. Furthermore, a number of fragment anions produced at electron energies close to 0 eV are observed, that cannot originate from single electron-molecule collisions....
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Ammonium <i>O</i>,<i>O</i>'-diethyl dithiophosphate
PublicationIn the title compound, NH4+·(C2H5O)2PS2−, the ammonium cation is connected by four charge-assisted N−H···S hydrogen bonds to four tetrahedral O,O'-diethyl dithiophosphate anions, forming layers parallel to (100). The polar and non-polar constituents of the layers are stacked alternately along [100]. Interlacing of the external ethyl groups...
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Optoelectronic system for investigation of cvd diamond/DLC layers growth
PublicationDevelopment of the optoelectronic system for non-invasive monitoring of diamond/DLC (Diamond-Like-Carbon) thin films growth during μPA ECR CVD (Microwave Plasma Assisted Electron Cyclotron Resonance Chemical Vapour Deposition) process is described. The system uses multi-point Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES) and long-working-distance Raman spectroscopy. Dissociation of H2 molecules, excitation and ionization of hydrogen atoms...
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Cold Cracking Of Underwater Wet Welded S355G10+N High Strength Steel
PublicationWater as the welding environment determines some essential problems influencing steel weldability. Underwater welding of high strength steel joints causes increase susceptibility to cold cracking, which is an effect of much faster heat transfer from the weld area and presence of diffusible hydrogen causing increased metal fragility. The paper evaluates the susceptibility to cold cracking of the high strength S355G10+N steel used,...