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Search results for: HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT
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Numerical analysis of high temperature minichannels heat exchanger performance
PublicationNowadays, the most difficult technological challenge in energy sector is connected with the gas micro-CHP units, dedicated to the distributed power generation. They are expected to be of high efficiency and at the same time of compact in size. Regarding the first reason, significant increase in microturbine efficiency can only be achieved by increase in the engine operating temperature. Therefore, one of the critical elements in...
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Reinforcement Learning Algorithm and FDTD-based Simulation Applied to Schroeder Diffuser Design Optimization
PublicationThe aim of this paper is to propose a novel approach to the algorithmic design of Schroeder acoustic diffusers employing a deep learning optimization algorithm and a fitness function based on a computer simulation of the propagation of acoustic waves. The deep learning method employed for the research is a deep policy gradient algorithm. It is used as a tool for carrying out a sequential optimization process the goal of which is...
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The Use of Wavelet Analysis to Denoising of Electrocardiography Signal
PublicationThe electrocardiography examination, due to its accessibility and simplicity, has an important role in diagnostics of the heart ailments. It enables quick detection of various heart defects, undetectable by other kinds of diagnostic tools, so it is very popular. Nevertheless, the measured signal is exposed to a different disturbances. Among them, the electromagnetic interferences, drift of reference electrode and high frequency...
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Postquarter-Point Case of Ship’s Side-Berthing and Its Influence on Marine Fender Pitch
PublicationThis paper presents a critical analysis of some selected codes and practical recommendations used as basic rules in the design procedures of modern marine fender systems. The first part of the discussion pertains to the existing equations used in calculating the eccentricity coefficient in the ship’s kinetic energy equation and the maximum allowable fender pitch (spacing) in a set of fenders installed along a quay wall. A new approach...
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Diagnostic Model of Crankshaft Seals
PublicationT he paper presents a research stand being a diagnostic model of radial lip seals used, among others, on crankshafts of piston combustion engines in order to identify the correctness of their operation. The possibility of determining the technical condition of lip seals on the basis of the proposed coefficient of correctness of operation has been described. T he basic features of seals influencing their correctness of...
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Hyperbolic heat conduction at a microscopic sliding contact with account of adhesion-deformational heat generation and wear
PublicationDifferent non-Fourier models were proposed to simulate temperatures in materials subjected to extremely fast thermal disturbances, when the speed of heat propagation should be concerned. The present study investigated temperature and heat balance at a microscopic sliding contact during a single frictional interaction based on the Cattaneo-Vernotte hyperbolic heat conduction equation. Two fundamental features of friction, namely,...
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Management of low-temperature heat source by ORC aided by additional heat source
PublicationThe presented work is aimed at utilisation of waste heat in the manner to produce electricity in ORC installation. Therefore the precondition of the study was to use the waste heat available in the form of a stream of hot water at 90°C. Such low enthalpy heat source is rather insufficient to produce a good quality vapour to feed the ORC turbine. That was the incentive to search for the ways of increasing the temperature of the...
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Optimization of the distance between the vertical plates in the convective air heat exchanger
PublicationThis paper examines the influence of the distance between vertical plates on the intensity of free convective heat transfer along with the optimization of this distance. Experimental tests were carried out for one model channel of such an heat exchanger with widths , 0.085 and 0.18 m. This channel, open at the top and sides, was formed by two isothermal symmetrically heated parallel vertical plates of dimensions m and m. The influence...
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Separation of C6 hydrocarbons on sodium dithionite reduced graphene oxide aerogels
PublicationThe ability of reduced graphene oxide aerogels (rGOAs) for challenging gas-phase separation was investigated with hexane isomers and benzene (C6 hydrocarbons) using inverse gas chromatography (IGC). For the first, rGOAs were synthesized with sodium dithionite (DTN) as a reductant. Experiments revealed that the most optimal DTN to graphene oxide mass ratio was 2:1, resulting in the highest specific surface area of 432.3 m2 g−1 and...
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Assessment of particular abdominal aorta section extraction from contrast-enhanced computed tomography angiography
PublicationThe aim of this work is to improve the accuracy of extraction of a particular abdominal aorta section and to reduce the distortion in three-dimensional Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA) images. Imaging modality and quality plays crucial role in the medical diagnostic process, thus ensuring high quality of images is essential at every stage of acquisition and processing.Noise is defined as a disturbance of the image quality...
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A New Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum Signal Detection Method for Underwater Acoustic Communications in Shallow-Water Channel
PublicationDirect-Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) is one of the modulation and coding techniques used in Underwater Acoustic Communication (UAC) systems for reliable data transmision even at low signal levels. However, in a shallow water channel, there is a strong multipath propagation which causes a phase fluctuation of the received signal, affecting the performance of the spread-spectrum system. The article presents a differential method...
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Stability of truss with side - supports. The case of linear and rotational elastic supports
PublicationThe research is devoted to study lateral buckling of truss with linear and rotational elastic side-supports. Geometrically nonlinear analysis of example truss with linear and rotational elastic sidesupports is carried out. The limit normal force in compressed chord of the truss due to stiffness of side supports is calculated. The elastic support reaction in relation to force in compressed chordand coefficient of buckling length...
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Theoretical study of thermofrictional oscillations due to negative friction-temperature characteristic
PublicationAnalytical study on oscillations of a body on a moving counterbody has been done by assuming imperfect frictional thermal contact and friction that decreases with contact temperature. It has been shown that stick-slip oscillation occurs due to decrease of friction coefficient when the body moves in the opposite direction to the counterbody. Dynamical characteristics, such as conditions for stable sliding and limit cycles, have...
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A prototype of electrochemical sensor for measurement of carbonyl compounds in air
PublicationThe paper presents the results of investigation on a prototype sensor for measurement of benzaldehyde and formaldehyde in air. Sensitivity, limit of quantification and coefficient of selectivity of the sensor have been determined as a function of membrane thickness and electrode type using square wave voltammetry (SWV) technique. The working and counter electrodes were made of platinum and gold. Ionic liquids 1-hexyl, 3-methylimidazolium...
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The shape of an ROC curve in the evaluation of credit scoring models
PublicationThe AUC, i.e. the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, or its scaled version, the Gini coefficient, are the standard measures of the discriminatory power of credit scoring. Using binormal ROC curve models, we show how the shape of the curves affects the economic benefits of using scoring models with the same AUC. Based on the results, we propose that the shape parameter of the fitted ROC curve is reported...
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Reduction of Derivative pipeline effort in water turbine
PublicationThe paper presents an approach to evaluate and reduce the effort of the derivative pipeline in a water turbine of a hydrostatic power station in its vulnerable spots. Potential places of the biggest effort of the structure, as well as the coefficient of displacement and safety factor related to them were identified using FEM numerical method. Pipeline reinforcement was designed and made based on FEM analysis. Original technology...
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Study of the influence of thermal factors on the welding process of polyethylene gas pipelines,
PublicationA one-dimensional calculation scheme is proposed with the help of which it is possible to determine and set the technological parameters with the accuracy to be realized in production conditions: the temperature of the heating element and the heating time, which allows maximum mechanization of the technological operations of polyethylene gas pipelines welding. The numerical value of the coefficient of temperature for polyethylene...
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Poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) as a biodegradable binder in a negative electrode material for lithium-ion batteries
PublicationIn this work, graphite-based negative electrode for lithium-ion battery consisting a novel and biodegradable binder poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) is compared with standard graphite electrode with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as a binder. The rate and cycling performance of lithium ion insertion/extraction of electrodes with PHBV in a half-cell configuration are evaluated. Moreover, on the basis of the electrochemical...
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High-temperature heat pumps – new devices for heat recovery and production of technological steam
PublicationIn the paper, the original high temperature compressor based heat pump with a dry working fluid, i.e. the one in which the slope of saturated vapour line is positive, was presented. The objective of the paper is to investigate the possibility of preparation of technological steam with tempperature 120 C from the waste heat resource at temperature of 50 C. Single comppression cycles as well as cascade systems have been considered...
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High-efficiency mini and micro heat exchangers for dispersed power generation
PublicationTaking into account the dispersed systems technologies and their development, the ORC systems seem to be promising technology amongst various micro-CHP domestic units (electrical power production below 10 kWe), however practical realization of the ORC cycle in a micro-scale is technically challenging. The system consists in devices such as the vapour generation unit (boiler), expansion device and heat exchangers. Each of them should...
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Effect of composition on the thermal properties and structure of M-Al-Si-O-N glasses, M = Na, Mg, Ca
PublicationThe primary objective of this study is to explore the relationship between the composition, structure, and thermal characteristics of M-Al-Si-O-N glasses, with M representing sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), or calcium (Ca). The glasses were prepared by melting in a quartz crucible at 1650 °C and AlN precursor (powder) was utilized as a nitrogen source. The measured thermal properties studied were glass transition temperature (Tg),...
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Vibrational Quenching of Optically Pumped Carbon Dimer Anions
PublicationCareful control of quantum states is a gateway to research in many areas of science such as quantum information, quantum-controlled chemistry, and astrophysical processes. Precise optical control of molecular ions remains a challenge due to the scarcity of suitable level schemes, and direct laser cooling has not yet been achieved for either positive or negative molecular ions. Using a cryogenic wire trap, we show how the internal...
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Heave Plates with Holes for Floating Offshore Wind Turbines
PublicationThe paper presents an innovative solution which is heave plates with holes. The long-known heave plates are designed to damp the heave motion of platforms. They are most often used for Spar platforms. The growing interest in this type of platform as supporting structures for offshore wind turbines makes it necessary to look for new solutions. Based on the available literature and the authors’ own research, it was concluded that...
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Testing of Software for the Planning of a Linear Object GNSS Measurement Campaign under Simulated Conditions
PublicationThe precision of a linear object measurement using satellite techniques is determined by the number and the relative position of the visible satellites by the receiver. The status of the visible constellation is described by DOP. The obtained geometric coefficient values are dependent on many variables. When determining these values, field obstacles at the receiver location and satellite positions changing with time must be taken...
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Combined Heat & Power Generating Systems
PublicationSteam cycles in combined heat and power plants. Efficiency of combined heat and power systems. Characteristics of steam-turbine CHP plants. Choice of equipment in CHP generating systems. Economic effects of combined heat and power production. Costs and energy produced CHP generating systems. Future development trends in CHP generating systems.
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Application of chromogenic dye in biogenic amines determination using spectrophotometry
PublicationBiogenic amines content can be the source of information in the field of freshness and suitability of certain foods for consumption. However, most analytical methods for their determination require complicated sample preparation and expert knowledge. Because of that, a novel approach based on chromogenic dye application was proposed. After the SN1 reaction of an amine with S 0378 dye, the absorbance of the solution was measured...
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The use of low-coherence interferometer for sugar content determination
PublicationIn this article, the implementation of low-coherence interferometer with signal processing in time domain for sugar content determination in aqueous solution is presented. The elaborated measurement set-up was tested with the use of synthesized source made of two low-coherence sources. The use of two sources with dedicated parameters enabled to obtain a proper metrological parameters of the measurement system. The elaborated low-coherence...
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Heat exchange enhancement of jet impingement cooling with the novel humped-cone heat sink
PublicationJet impingement cooling technology is applicable to control temperature of devices, where very high heat flux is generated within a small area. This paper is about the improvement of the jet impingement cooling efficiency by the heat sink geometry modification. Two reference cases were sourced from the literature – flat heat sink and modified one with cone in the jet stagnation region. Such a change improves cooling capability...
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Multi-layered tissue head phantoms for noninvasive optical diagnostics
PublicationExtensive research in the area of optical sensing for medical diagnostics requires development of tissue phantoms with optical properties similar to those of living human tissues. Development and improvement of in vivo optical measurement systems requires the use of stable tissue phantoms with known characteristics, which are mainly used for calibration of such systems and testing their performance over time. Optical and mechanical...
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Elliptical slot UWB monopole antenna
PublicationThe UWB monopole antenna with elliptical radiating slot end and microstrip feeding line terminated with radial stub have been designed, fabricated and measured. The antenna show return loss less than -12 dB in the whole UWB bandwidth. Linearity of the reflection coefficient phase product have also been achieved. Radiation patterns of the antenna measured at three selected frequency points indicated regular, approximately omni directional...
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1D Model Callibration on the Basis on 3D calculations for Tesla Turbine
PublicationThe paper presents the system of equations for axisymmetriclaminar flow, after averaging, through the width of interdisk slit ofTesla turbine. Coefficients were introduced, as a result ofaveraging, that improve the efficiency of 1D model. The minimalnumber of such coefficients was determined. The 1D modelmakes it possible to attain analytical solutions to an accuracylimited by these coefficients. Calibration of 1D model depends...
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High order of nongeminate recombination in organic bulk heterojunction solar cells
PublicationWe analyze high order of nongeminate recombination in organic donor–acceptor bulk heterojunction solar cells. The model of recombination where an exciton annihilates on an electron–hole Langevin bound pair near donor–acceptor interface has been applied in our studies. We obtained satisfactory agreement between experimental results and theoretical calculations for the concentration dependences of several parameters characterizing...
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Optical properties of boron-doped nanocrystalline diamond films studied by spectroscopic ellipsometry
PublicationThe optical properties of boron-doped nanocrystalline diamond films, coated using Microwave Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition (μPE CVD) system, were analyzed by spectroscopic ellipsometry. Diamond films were deposited on silicon substrates. The ellipsometry data (refractive index (n(λ)), extinction coefficient (k(λ)) were modeled using dedicated software. Evolution of the optical structure with boron doping was observed...
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Improved finite element method for flow, heat and solute transport of Prandtl liquid via heated plate
PublicationIn the current study, a vertical, 3D-heated plate is used to replicate the generation of heat energy and concentration into Prandtl liquid. We discuss how Dufour and Soret theories relate to the equations for concentration and energy. In order to see how efectively particles, interact with heat and a solvent, hybrid nanoparticles are used. It does away with the phenomena of viscous dissipation and changing magnetic felds. The motivation...
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Numerical analysis of high temperature minichannel heat exchanger for recuperative microturbine system
PublicationConsidering the development of energy sector, distributed small-scale power generation, e.g., gas micro-CHP, is attracting considerable interest. In such installations, the heat exchanger is one of the key components possessing a significant influence on overall performance. Most studies concentrate on units operating below 900C, which do not fulfil the requirements of gas micro-CHP. Therefore, there remains a challenge to design...
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Utilisation of waste heat from the power plant by use of the ORC aided with bleed steam and extra source of heat
PublicationUtilization of waste heat recovered from the exhaust gases of the power generation unit by means of ORC (organic Rankine cycles) installation is considered. The waste heat is available in the form of a stream of hot water having temperature of 90 stC in the amount of 200 MWt. To increase evaporation temperaturę of ORC working fluid the heat of steam from the extraction points from the low-pressure part of steam turbine is used....
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Dispersion of thermo-optic coefficient of optical polymers
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Numerical Study on Mitigation of Flow Maldistribution in Parallel Microchannel Heat Sink: Channels Variable Width Versus Variable Height Approach
PublicationMicrochannel heat sink on one hand enjoys benefits of intensified several folds heat transfer performance but on the other hand has to suffer aggravated form of trifling limitations associated with imperfect hydrodynamics and heat transfer behavior. Flow maldistribution is one of such limitation that exaggerates temperature nonuniformity across parallel microchannels leading to increase in maximum base temperature. Recently, variable...
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High-quality Experiment Dedicated to microGravity Exploration, Heat Flow and Oscillation Measurement from Gdańsk
PublicationIn this paper we propose HEDGEHOG (High-quality Experiment Dedicated to microGravity Exploration, Heat flow and Oscillation measurement from Gdańsk) REXUS experiment to investigate vibrational and heat flow phenomena during the whole (ascent, microgravity phase, descent and recovery) flight of a sounding rocket. First, a proposed system of cantilever beams is discussed to study dynamic behaviour of dummy payload. Dimensioning has...
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High temperature monoclinic-to-tetragonal phase transition in magnesium doped lanthanum ortho-niobate
PublicationMagnesium doped lanthanum ortho-niobate (La0.98Mg0.02NbO4) was prepared by the molten salt synthesis method. X-ray diffraction and dilatometry methods were used to study high temperature behavior of the ceramic material. Special attention was paid to the phase transition between the monoclinic and tetragonal phases. The values of spontaneous strain on the basis of unit cell parameter, obtained by Rietveld refinement, have been...
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Self-Optimizing Adaptive Vibration Controller
PublicationThis paper presents a new approach to rejection of sinusoidal disturbances acting at the output of a discrete-time linear stable plant with unknown dynamics. It is assumed that the frequency of the sinusoidal disturbance is known, and that the output signal is contaminated with wideband measurement noise. The proposed controller, called SONIC (self-optimizing narrowband interference canceller), combines the coefficient fixing technique,...
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Application of Headspace Solid-phase Microextraction with Poly(1-vinyl-3- Hexylimidazolium Chloride) Polymeric Ionic Liquid Coating using GC - MS to Determine Volatile Fatty Acids in Dairy Wastewater
PublicationVolatile fatty acids were determined in this study using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) with a poly(1-vinyl-3-hexylimidazolium chloride) polymeric ionic liquid coated fiber followed by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry. Experimental parameters such as extraction time and temperature, sample volume as well as desorption time and temperature were optimized. Detection limits of the method were in the range of...
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Sensitivity analysis of simple random beam models by means of Monte Carlo Methods using Variance Reductions Techniques
PublicationA probabilistic sensitivity analysis of two nonlinear bar structures is presented. The analysis is carried out on the basis of the Monte Carlo method. The imperfections of the structures and the applied loads are adapted as random variables. Based on all of the generated input variables, an output response of the system is sought. Afterwards, a coefficient responsible for the structure failure is calculated and the limit state...
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Analysis of Ceramic Elements with Ring-Crack Defects in Lubricated Rolling Contact
PublicationThe properties of ceramics, specifically low density, high hardness, high temperature capability and low coefficient of thermal expansion are of most interest to rolling element manufacturers. Surface ring cracks on lubricating rolling contact fatigue failure has been studied using numerical fracture analysis. Such cracks are very often found on ceramic bearing balls and decrease fatigue life rapidly. The numerical calculations...
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The analysis of the conditions for best practices’ transfer
PublicationOne of the tasks of the Project Partners was identifying best practices in strengthening the economic activity of women and older people in the context of developing the competitiveness and innovation of SMEs, as well as determining the possibilities and conditions of their transfer. Transfer in this case is understood as the implementation of selected and described solutions in enterprises and public organizations from all the...
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Structural and dynamic properties of water within the solvation layer around various conformations of the glycine-based polypeptide
PublicationSeveral conformations of the solvated glycine-based polypeptides were investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. Some properties of water in the neighbouring space around these molecules were investigated. It was found, that water forms a well-defined layer - the first solvation shell - around the peptide molecule, and thickness of this layer is independent of the peptide structure, and it equals to approximately 0.28 nm....
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Dual-band Millimetre Wave MIMO Antenna with Reduced Mutual Coupling Based on Optimized Parasitic Structure and Ground Modification
PublicationIn this study, a high-isolation dual-band (28/38 GHz) multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) antenna for 5G millimeter-wave applications is presented. The antenna consists of two interconnected patches. The primary patch is connected to the inset feed, while the secondary patch is arc-shaped and positioned over the main patch, opposite to the feed. Both patches function in the lower 28 GHz band, while the primary patch is accountable...
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The effect of aeration mode (intermittent vs. continuous) on nutrient removal and greenhouse gas emissions in the wastewater treatment plant of Corleone (Italy)
PublicationThe paper reports the results of an experimental study aimed at comparing two configurations of a full-scale wastewater treatment plant (WWTP): conventional activated sludge (CAS) and oxic-settling-anaerobic process (OSA) with intermittent aeration (IA). A comprehensive monitoring campaign was carried out to assess multiple parameters for comparing the two configurations: carbon and nutrient removal, greenhouse gas emissions, respirometric...
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Influence of iron content on water uptake and charge transport in BaCe0.6Zr0.2Y0.2−xFexO3−δ triple-conducting oxides
PublicationIn this work, we studied the BaCe0.6Zr0.2Y0.2−xFexO3−δ system which belongs to the triple-conducting oxides (TCOs) group. The electrochemical properties of BaCe0.6Zr0.2Y0.2−xFexO3−δ were investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and the water uptake was analyzed using thermogravimetry (TG). All investigated materials exhibited water uptake, with proton concentration increasing with decreasing iron content....
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Labour share and income inequalities in the European Union, taking into account the level of development of economies
Publicationesearch background: The relationship between labour share and income inequality is a complex and multifaceted problem. Despite ongoing discussions among economists, there is still no consensus on the direction of the relationship between labour share and income ine-quality. Purpose of the article: The article aims to assess the impact of labour share on income inequal-ity, which is measured in three ways: the Gini index...