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Search results for: CLOSE PROXIMITY METHOD
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Tire/road noise measuring principles according to the Close Proximity Method
PublicationW pracy podano metody badania hałasu opon samochodowych. Omówiono przyczepy pomiarowe zbudowane w Politechnice Gdańskiej oraz systemy pomiarowe stosowane do pomiaru hałasu opon zgodnie z metodą CPX.
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Inhomogeneity of low-noise wearing courses evaluated by tire/road noise measurements using the close-proximity method
PublicationPerforming numerous analyses of tire/road noise measurements on low-noise pavements during the last several years, the authors observed significant inhomogeneity of the wearing course in numerous cases, while similar problems were almost non-existent when dense pavements were measured. Three main causes of low-noise pavement inhomogeneity can be defined. The first one is imperfections in the technology used for asphalt mix production...
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Proximity and Innovation in Clusters: How Close, How Far?
PublicationThe concept of proximity, whilst attractive cognitively, is still a poorly explored area in management sciences. The earliest publications on proximity were published at the end of the twentieth century and the development of this concept was strongly influenced by The French School of Proximity (Kirat & Lung, 1999; Rallet & Torre, 1999; Torre & Gilly, 2000; Carrincazeaux et al., 2001; Torre & Rallet, 2005). However, the most influential...
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Analysis of soundscape recordings in close proximity to the road in changeable wather conditions
PublicationThe acoustic vehicle sensing is the least invasive type of traffic detection. Also, acoustic-based vehicle detection technology is insensitive to precipitation and can operate in low light level. Therefore, this kind of method may be used for automatic detection of the vehicle passage events. It can also be employed for measurements of a vehicle speed and the vehicle assignment to the particular category. In this paper the results...
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Acoustic evaluation of road surfaces using different Close Proximity testing devices
PublicationAccording to the valid standard, Close Proximity (CPX) method intends to evaluate the influence of road surfaces on traffic noise. Measurements may be carried out with the use of a self-powered vehicle or a special test trailer equipped with testing tyre towed by another vehicle. Two different testing devices took part in the research organized in Poland in order to determine the ranking of road surfaces in terms of acoustic parameters....
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Metoda wizualizacji 3D w standardzie OpenGL obiektów bliskiego zasięgu = The 3D visualization method of close range objects in the OpenGL standard
PublicationPrezentacja możliwości dotyczących wykorzystania autorskiej aplikacji ''3D VISUALIZATION'' w badaniach i analizach obiektów modelowanych z wykorzystaniem metod fotogrametrii bliskiego zasięgu.
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The Finite Elements Method application to assesment the impact of turbulence generated by wind turbines on their lacation inclose proximity of overhead high voltage power transmissionlines
PublicationThe paper presents selected aspects of construction of wind turbines location concerning aerodynamic impact on power lines. Reaserch is based on the source data concerning the aerodynamic impact of a wind farm consisting of 8 turbines and 400 kV power line, an analysis of the possibility of wind farm locating in the immediate vicinity of the line was carried out. There are serious problems with locating higher capacity wind farms...
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Comparison of road and laboratory measurements of tyre/road noise
PublicationTyre/road noise is one of the major environmental problems related to road traffic. There are several measuring methods of tyre/road noise that may be carried out on the road (for example Coast-down and Close Proximity Method) or in the laboratory (Drum Method). Road measurements are preferred for evaluations of pavement properties while laboratory methods are mostly used to evaluate tyres. One of the biggest problems associated...
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Tire camber angle influence on tire-pavement noise
PublicationTaking into account tire-pavement noise and tires classification with respect to noise emission special measurement methods are usually used. When two of them are applied (the Laboratory Drum Method (DR) and the Close-Proximity Method (CPX)) the investigator has to be sure that the position of the tire is correct. The authors of this paper thought about tire position as tire (wheel) alignment in particular tire camber angle. They...
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Improving the CPX method by specifying reference tyres and including corrections for rubber hardnes and temperature
PublicationRecently completed work in the EU project ROSANNE and in working group ISO/TC43/SC1/WG33 has allowed substantial improvements to measurements made by the Close-Proximity (CPX) method, intended for measurement of noise properties of road surfaces.The paper summarizes the experimental work and describes the conclusions and implementation in ISO/FDIS 11819-2 (CPX method) and in the supporting ISO (draft) Technical Specifications 11819-3...
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Electromagnetic plane wave scattering from a cylindrical object with an arbitrary cross section using a hybrid technique
PublicationA hybrid technique combining finite-element and mode-matching methods for the analysis of scattering problems in open and closed areas is presented. The main idea of the analysis is based on the utilization of the finite-element method to calculate the post impedance matrix and combine it with external excitation. The discrete analysis, which is the most time- and memory-consuming, is limited here only to the close proximity of...
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The effect of tire aging on acoustic performance of CPX reference tires
PublicationReduction of tire/road noise is one of the biggest environmental challenges of road traffic. To reduce that noise it is necessary to perform acoustic measurements on the base of wellproven standard procedures. One method of measurements that is in common use, namely the Close Proximity Method (CPX), is described in standard ISO-DIS 11819-2. As this method is used to classify road surfaces regarding their influence on vehicle noise,...
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Degradation of reference tyres used for CPX measurements
PublicationMeasurements of tyre/road noise using the Close Proximity Method are based on reference tyres that are described in ISO/TS 11819-3. The standard specifies two tyres, namely "P1" and "H1" that should be used during measurements. To be used for measurements each tyre must fulfill certain conditions that are listed in the standard. The conditions are related to the tread pattern depth and rubber hardness. During experiments performed...
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Rolling Resistance And Tire/Road Noise on Rubberized Asphalt Pavement In Poland
PublicationThe paper presents results of tire/road noise and rolling resistance measurements performed on stone-matrix asphalt (SMA) that contains rubberized asphalt developed and produced by the company in Poland. Bituminous binder was modified with polymer and additive of crumb rubber. First observations of asphalt mixture with the new kind of modified bitumen used on the field section are presented. Rolling resistance of passenger car...
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Rolling resistance and tyre/road noise on rubberised asphalt pavement in Poland
PublicationThe paper presents results of tyre/road noise and rolling resistance measurements performed on stone mastics asphalt (SMA) that contains rubberised asphalt, developed and produced by a refinery in Poland. Bituminous binder was modified with polymer and addition of crumb rubber. The first observations of asphalt mixture with the new kind of modified bitumen used on the field section are presented. Rolling resistance of passenger...
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Extreme weather layer method for implementation of nature-based solutions for climate adaptation: Case study Słupsk
PublicationOne of the most severe climate risks that is expected to affect all regions is related to stormwater. Climate models, constructed based on long-term trends, show that extreme weather events such as storms, cloudbursts and a large rise in sea level will be significant in the coming decades. Moreover, even the frequency and intensity of “normal” rainfall events, such as microbursts, are expected to be remarkably higher than today...
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Detection of moving objects in images combined from video and thermal cameras
PublicationAn algorithm for detection of moving objects in video streams from the monitoring cameras is presented. A system composed of a standard video camera and a thermal camera, mounted in close proximity to each other, is used for object detection. First, a background subtraction is performed in both video streams separately, using the popular Gaussian Mixture Models method. For the next processing stage, the authors propose an algorithm...
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A ship domain-based model of collision risk for near-miss detection and Collision Alert Systems
PublicationThe paper presents a new model of ship collision risk, which utilises a ship domain concept and the related domain-based collision risk parameters. An encounter is here described by five variables representing: degree of domain violation (DDV), relative speed of the two vessels, combination of the vessels’ courses, arena violations and encounter complexity. As for the first three variables, their values can be directly computed...
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Self-Adaptive Mesh Generator for Global Complex Roots and Poles Finding Algorithm
PublicationIn any global method of searching for roots and poles, increasing the number of samples increases the chances of finding them precisely in a given area. However, the global complex roots and poles finding algorithm (GRPF) (as one of the few) has direct control over the accuracy of the results. In addition, this algorithm has a simple condition for finding all roots and poles in a given area: it only requires a sufficiently dense...
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An in-depth look at the tire rubber hardness influence on tire/road noise measurements
PublicationWhen assessing the acoustic quality of a road pavement with the close-proximity (CPX) or the on-board sound intensity (OBSI) method, the rubber hardness of the reference tire substantially affects the measurement. Practical experience shows that measurement tires can get significantly harder within a single measurement season. This is why one would like to normalize measurements to a reference rubber hardness. The recently published...
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LOW NOISE TIRES FOR HYBRID AND ELECTRIC VEHICLES
PublicationLow Emission Vehicles that are hybrid and electric cars may benefit from specially designed tires that are optimized for driving conditions typical for such vehicles. It is possible that in the future Low Emission Vehicles, especially passenger cars, will substitute conventional vehicles in all applications, however for the time being they are mostly used in urban and suburban areas. Urban traffic has a rather low demand for grip...
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Comparison of pavement noise properties on selected road sections using different CPX measuring systems: self-powered vehicle and special test trailer
PublicationThe recently published ISO standard intended to measure the noise properties of road surfaces in a standardized method (ISO 11819-2:2017) precisely defines measurement procedure of the influence of road surface on traffic noise. According to it, two types of test vehicles may be utilized: a self-powered vehicle fitted with one or more test tyres and a trailer towed by a separate vehicle with one or more test tyres mounted on the...
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Survey on Applications of Multimedia Technology to Examine Impact of Roadside Advertising on Drivers
PublicationThe correct location of ads, both static and moving, in close proximity of the roadway is an issue of high significance in the context of road safety. This publication aims to provide support in solving these issues by presenting a range of options for the implementation of extensive, multi-faceted research, using modern technology to allow an objective assessment of the risks arising from the presence of advertising spots in the...
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Analiza stanu nawierzchni i klas pojazdów na podstawie parametrów ekstrahowanych z sygnału fonicznego
PublicationCelem badań jest poszukiwanie parametrów wektora cech ekstrahowanego z sygnału fonicznego w kontekście automatycznego rozpoznawania stanu nawierzchni jezdni oraz typu pojazdów. W pierwszej kolejności przedstawiono wpływ warunków pogodowych na charakterystykę widmową sygnału fonicznego rejestrowanego przy przejeżdżających pojazdach. Następnie, dokonano parametryzacji sygnału fonicznego oraz przeprowadzano analizę korelacyjną w celu...
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Hybrid Technique for the EM Scattering Analysis with the Use of Ring Domain Decomposition
PublicationA hybrid technique combining finite-element and mode-matching methods for the analysis of scattering problems in open space is presented here. The main idea is based on impedance matrix descriptions of the boundary surrounding the discrete computational domain and combine it with external field described analytically. The discrete analysis, which is the most time- and memory-consuming, is limited here only to the close proximity...
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Effect of soil moisture on current-carrying capacity of low-voltage power cables
PublicationOne of the factors affecting current-carrying capacity of underground power cables is the thermal resistivity of soil. Its value in the close proximity of the cable is the most important, and for this reason, in some cases, the local soil is replaced with an another soil type or with a cement-sand mixture. The thermal resistivity of the soil is strongly affected by moisture, and in the case of a cement-sand mixture – as tested...
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Enhanced Eye-Tracking Data: a Dual Sensor System for Smart Glasses Applications
PublicationA technique for the acquisition of an increased number of pupil positions, using a combined sensor consisting of a low-rate camera and a high-rate optical sensor, is presented in this paper. The additional data are provided by the optical movement-detection sensor mounted in close proximity to the eyeball. This proposed solution enables a significant increase in the number of registered fixation points and saccades and can be used...
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Classifying type of vehicles on the basis of data extracted from audio signal characteristics
PublicationThe aim of this study is to find and optimize a feature vector for an automatic recognition of the type of vehicles, extracted form an audio signal. First, the influence of weather-based conditions of road surface on spectral characteristic of the audio signal recorded from a passing vehicle in close proximity to the road is discussed. Next, parameterization of the recorded audio signal is performed. For that purpose, the MIRtoolbox,...
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New kagome prototype materials: discovery of KV3Sb5, RbV3Sb5, and CsV3Sb5
PublicationIn this work, we present our discovery and characterization of a new kagome prototype structure, KV3Sb5. We also present the discovery of the isostructural compounds RbV3Sb5 and CsV3Sb5. All materials exhibit a structurally perfect two-dimensional kagome net of vanadium. Density-functional theory calculations indicate that the materials are metallic, with the Fermi level in close proximity to several Dirac points. Powder and single-crystal...
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Sound quality metrics applied to road noise evaluation
PublicationRoad noise monitoring systems typically measure sound levels in specific time periods. The more insightful approach suggests to measure also the nature of noise. Sound quality of sounds such as car noise can be objectively evaluated by several parameters. One of them is psychoacoustic annoyance, described by loudness, tone color, and the temporal structure of sound. In this paper the assessment of several sound quality parameters, such...
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Stabilization of N-, N,N-, N,N'-Methylated and Unsubstituted Simple Amidine Salts by Multifurcated Hydrogen Bonds
PublicationIn the light of the usefulness of amidines in medicinal chem., this paper considers the effects on biol. properties and chem. reactivities of org. mols. affected by intramol. interactions. The study of chem. shifts has been an important source of information on the electronic structure of amidine salts and their ability to form non-covalent bonds with nucleic acids. The NMR and IR results demonstrate that hydrogen bonds are...
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Proximity and the Cluster Organization
PublicationIncluding the category of proximity in theoretical considerations and empirical analyzes in cluster organizations is an attempt to integrate existing approaches to understand and explain the specificity of inter-organizational cooperation developed in geographical proximity. The importance of geographical proximity to create a competitive advantage is emphasized in all theories on the establishment and development of industrial...
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The significance of proximity in cluster initiatives
PublicationPurpose – The main aim of this paper is to analyse relations between geographical and competence proximity and development of cooperation in cluster initiatives. Design/methodology/approach – The research was based on an original theoretical concept referring to the trajectory of development of cooperative relations in cluster initiatives. The research was carried out in mid-2017, in four purposefully selected clusterinitiatives....
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The Assessment of the Influence of Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields Originated from the Power Infrastructure on Humans’ Health
PublicationThe objective of this study is to assess the impact of low-frequency electromagnetic fields (LF EMFs) generated by power infrastructure on the nearby environment. Measurements of electric (E) and magnetic (H) field intensities were conducted around high-voltage power lines, transformer stations and facilities related to them. Numerical simulations were also performed to model the distribution of the field values around real buildings...
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Development of proximity in cluster organizations
PublicationSustainable development in cluster organizations (COs) is most fully manifested in the synergy effect. In turn, the synergy effect is achieved thanks to the development of proximity among cluster entities. The purpose of the paper is to test two conceptual models reflecting relations between selected dimensions of proximity in cluster organizations. The author reports the findings of a quantitative study conducted in four COs....
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Designing digital displays and interactive media in today’s cities by night. Do we know enough about attracting attention to do so?
PublicationWith the huge transformation in the development of digital screen technology and its consistently decreasing cost, digital billboards are progressively replacing traditional static, two-dimensional poster advertisements in our cities1. Previously, due to the substantial expenditure involved, they were only available to major international brands with vast promotional resources to build their brand fame. Today, however, they are...
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Interactions using passive optical proximity detector
PublicationIn this paper we evaluated the possible application of a passive, optical sensor as an interface for human-smart glasses interactions. The designed proximity sensor is composed of set of photodiodes and the appropriate hardware and software components. First, experiments were performed for the estimations of such parameters as distance to an object, its width and velocity. Achieved results were satisfactory. Therefore, next, a...
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ANALIZA CECH HYDRO-AERODYNAMICZNYCH BEZZAŁOGOWEGO POJAZDU NAWODNO-POWIETRZNEGO Z WYKORZYSTANIEM EFEKTU PRZYPOWIERZCHNIOWEGO
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono problematykę badań dotyczących opracowania demonstratora technologii bezzałogowego pojazdu nawodno-powietrznego z wykorzystaniem efektu przypowierzchniowego. Opisano podstawowe problemy badawcze związane z analizą cech hydro-aerodynamicznych pojazdu. Opisano przedmiot badań, bezzałogowy pojazd nawodno-powietrzny typu USV-UAV-WIG. Opisano metodę badań. Przeprowadzono wstępną analizę osiągów i zachowania...
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Relationships Between Geographical and Virtual Proximity in Cluster Organisations
PublicationThe purpose of the paper is to explore the relationships between geographical and virtual proximity in cluster organizations (COs). The authors report the findings of a qualitative study conducted in four COs in Poland. The basic technique for collecting and analyzing data was an in-depth individual interview and qualitative content analysis. The research has shown that the relationships between geographical and virtual proximity...
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Otwarte innowacje w inicjatywach klastrowych
PublicationSpecyfika funkcjonowania inicjatyw klastrowych czyni z nich idealne podłoże do wcielania w życie idei open innovation – ułatwiają bowiem nawiązywanie kontaktów z innymi podmiotami, stawiają na otwartość swoich członków i budowę relacji opartych na zaufaniu, stanowią platformę wymiany zasobów (w tym przede wszystkim informacji i wiedzy) oraz wspólnego kreowania rozwiązań innowacyjnych. W artykule podjęto rozważania teoretyczne dotyczące...
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Study of Icosahedral Clusters in Close-packed Simple Liquids
PublicationThe local structure of liquid copper was determined using Steinhardt order parameters, with particular attention paid to icosahedral clusters. The positions of atoms were obtained from three sets of molecular dynamics simulations, with the forces obtained from: the Sutton-Chen (SC) potential, the Naval Research Laboratory total energy tight-binding (NRL-TB) method and the divide-and-conquer learn-on-the-fly (DCLOTF) method, respectively....
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An Archaeological - Architectural Documentation Based on Close Range Photogrammetry
PublicationWisłoujście Fortress is a historical defensive object located on the southwest coast of the Gulf of Gdańsk. Fort Carre, Eastern Sconce and Ravelin are parts of this postmediaeval fortification. In view of planned regeneration of this fortification complex, at the initiative of the Gdańsk History Museum and Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology of the University of Gdańsk it was decided to perform a documentation of one Fortress...
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A Microwave Sensor with Operating Band Selection to Detect Rotation and Proximity in the Rapid Prototyping Industry
PublicationThis paper presents a novel sensor for detecting and measuring angular rotation and proximity, intended for rapid prototyping machines. The sensor is based on a complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) driven by a conductor-backed coplanar waveguide. The sensor has a planar topology, which makes it simple and cost-effective to produce and accurate in measuring both physical quantities. The sensor has two components, a rotor, and...
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Coupling coefficients for the space group of the hexagonal close-packed structure
PublicationWe have computed the Clebsch-Gordan coefficients of the representations for the space group of the hexagonal close-packed structure for the points:V, A, H, K, L, M. We enumerate all arms of the wave vector stars and all wave vector selection rules.
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Effect of Pendolino high-speed rail on the structure of buildings located the proximity of the railway tracks
PublicationThe following research focuses on the dynamic analysis of the impact of the high-speed train inducted vibrations on the structures located near railway tracks. The office complex chosen as the subject of calculations is located in the northern part of Poland, in Gdańsk, in the proximity of Pendolino, the high speed train route. The high speed trains are the response for the growing needs for more efficient railway system. However...
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Measurement and visualization of sound intensity vector distribution in proximity of acoustic diffusers
PublicationIn this work, we would like to present analyses and visualizations of sound intensity distribution measured in proximity of an acoustic diffuser. Such distribution may be used for estimation of basic acoustic parameters of a diffuser. Measurement is performed with the use of a logarithmic sine sweep which allows for the analysis of waves scattered by the diffuser and rejecting the direct sound signal component. Pressure and sound...
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A novel concept for tissue-metal detection and differentiation using an inductive proximity sensor
PublicationIn this paper a novel application of inductive proximity sensors for detection of living tissue by means of measurements of the coil impedance changes at different frequencies is described. The mathematical analyses utilizing Bessel function estimation include detected object size and its distance from a sensor. The main aim of this study is to prove the possibility of distinguishing between metal objects and living tissues. The...
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CeIr3: superconductivity in a phase based on tetragonally close packed clusters
PublicationWe present the crystallographic analysis, superconducting and spectroscopic characterization, and theoretical modeling of CeIr3. Lattice parameters a = 5.2945(1) Å and c = 26.219(1) Å are found for the R-3m symmetry crystal structure, which are close to the literature values. CeIr3 is a moderate type-II superconductor (κ GL = 17, λ e–p = 0.65) below 2.5 K. Ce ions exhibit a strongly intermediate valence character as evidenced by...
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Comparison of active proximity radars for the wearable devices
PublicationTwo methods of object position and movement estimation in relation to the user of smart glasses were investigated. An active infrared and ultrasonic methods of the obstacle detection were presented and compared. Application of these methods depend on active transducers type (physical medium used), geometry and surface properties of detected objects and their movement direction and speed. In the article properties of both detectors...
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Combined Close Range Photogrammetry and Terrestrial Laser Scanning for Ship Hull Modelling
PublicationThe paper addresses the fields of combined close-range photogrammetry and terrestrial laser scanning in the light of ship modelling. The authors pointed out precision and measurement accuracy due to their possible complex application for ship hulls inventories. Due to prescribed vitality of every ship structure, it is crucial to prepare documentation to support the vessel processes. The presented methods are directed, combined...