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Search results for: scanning tunneling microscopy
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Scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy study of Nd2−xCexCuO4−y
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Inner-Tube Chirality Determination for Double-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy
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Methods and Instruments | Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy
PublicationScanning electrochemical microscopy is based on the recording of electrolysis currents (Faradaic currents) at a microelectrode (ME) probe that is scanned over the sample. Different working modes are available to couple the electrolysis at the ME to reactions at the sample. The article explains their principles and provides examples of their application. The feedback mode, the sample-generation/tip collection mode, the redox-competition...
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Application of dynamic impedance spectroscopy to scanning probe microscopy.
PublicationDynamic impedance spectroscopy, designed for measuring nonstationary systems, was used in combination with scanning probe microscopy. Using this approach, impedance mapping could be carried-out simultaneously with topography scanning. Therefore, correlation of electrical properties with particular phases of an examined sample was possible. The sample used in this study was spheroidal graphite cast iron with clearly defined phases...
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Application of Dynamic Impedance Spectroscopy to Scanning Probe Microscopy
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Electrical and mechanical characterization of two-phase alloys by means of scanning probe microscopy in dynamic impedance spectroscopy mode
PublicationDynamic impedance spectroscopy, evaluated for measuring non-stationary systems, was used in combination with scanning probe microscope. Using this approach, localized impedance measurements in the AFM contact mode could be carried out. Additionally, impedance–force curves were made at each phase of investigated materials to illustrate the relation between impedance and the force applied to a probe. Therefore, correlation of electrical...
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Microstructure–Property Relationship of Polyurethane Foams Modified with Baltic Sea Biomass: Microcomputed Tomography vs. Scanning Electron Microscopy
PublicationIn this paper, novel rigid polyurethane foams modified with Baltic Sea biomass were compared with traditional petro-based polyurethane foam as reference sample. A special attention was focused on complex studies of microstructure, which was visualized and measured in 3D with high-resolution microcomputed tomography (microCT) and, as commonly applied for this purpose, scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The impact of pore volume,...
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Microstructure–Property Relationship of Polyurethane Foams Modified with Baltic Sea Biomass: Microcomputed Tomography vs. Scanning Electron Microscopy
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Focused ion beam-based microfabrication of boron-doped diamond single-crystal tip cantilevers for electrical and mechanical scanning probe microscopy
PublicationIn this paper, the fabrication process and electromechanical properties of novel atomic force microscopy probes utilising single-crystal boron-doped diamond are presented. The developed probes integrate scanning tips made of chemical vapour deposition-grown, freestanding diamond foil. The fabrication procedure was performed using nanomanipulation techniques combined with scanning electron microscopy and focused ion beam technologies....
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Automated Analysis of Images from Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy Applied to Observation of Calcium Channel Subunits in Nerve Cell Model Line Subjected Electroporation and Calcium
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Toward Mechanosynthesis of Diamondoid Structures: IX Commercial Capped CNT Scanning Probe Microscopy Tip as Nowadays Available Tool for Silylene Molecule and Silicon Atom Transfer
PublicationAccording to K. E. Drexler, advanced mechanosynthesis will employ advanced nanomachines, but advanced nanomachines will themselves be product of advanced mechanosynthesis. This circular relationship must be broken in SPM technology development. In the article, the possibility of use easy available commercial CNT tips to assembly silicon-based intermediate generations of nano-devices is considered. Mechanosynthesis of a target class...
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Emerging oxidized and defective phases in low-dimensional CrCl3
PublicationTwo-dimensional (2D) magnets such as chromium trihalides CrX3 (X ¼ I, Br, Cl) represent a frontier for spintronics applications and, in particular, CrCl3 has attracted research interest due its relative stability under ambient conditions without rapid degradation, as opposed to CrI3. Herein, mechanically exfoliated CrCl3 flakes are characterized at the atomic scale and the electronic structures of pristine, oxidized, and defective...
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Electronic conductivity in the SiO2-PbO-Fe2O3 glass containing magnetic nanostructures
PublicationThe linear impedance spectra of iron–silicate–lead glass samples were measured in the frequency range from 1 MHz to 1 MHz and in the temperature range from 153 K to 423 K. The structure was investigated by means of XRD and atomic force microscopy. Local electrical and magnetic properties of the samples were tested with the aid of electrostatic force microscopy (EFM) and magnetic force microscopy (MFM). The obtained results show...
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Self-organized multilayered graphene-boron doped diamond hybrid nanowalls for high performance electron emission devices
PublicationCarbon nanomaterials like nanotubes, nanoflakes/nanowalls and graphene have been used as electron sources due to their superior field electron emission (FEE) characteristics. Nevertheless, these materials show poor stability and a short lifetime, preventing them from being used in practical device applications. The intention of this study was to find an innovative nanomaterial, possessing both high robustness and reliable FEE behavior....
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GaAs ballistic and tunneling nanodevices for terahertz electronics and medical applications
PublicationPrzy użyciu selektywnej epitaksji warstw molekularnych (MLE) wytworzono w GaAs balistyczne i tunelowe tranzystory o indukcji elektrostatycznej (SIT), z kanałami w skali 10 nm. Szacowany czas przelotu elektronów jest krótszy od 2×10-14 s. Metoda MLE została również wykorzystana do wykonania diod generacyjnych TUNNETT działających w oparciu o czas przelotu i tunelowe wstrzykiwanie elektronów. Z użyciem diod TUNNETT wygenerowano częstotliwość...
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Application of different modes of nanoscale impedance microscopy in materials research
PublicationIn recent years, there is noticeable interest in application of various types of scanning probe microscopy in material science research. One of them is contact atomic force microscopy combined with local impedance measurements, known as nanoscale impedance microscopy. Literature references present its application in investigations of new materials, microelectronics diagnostics, or research of protective coatings performance. In...
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APPLYING RANSAC ALGORITHM FOR FITTING SCANNING STRIPS FROM AIRBORNE LASER SCANNING
PublicationDuring the development of the data acquired by airborne laser scanning the important issue is the fitting and georeferencing of ALS point clouds by means of the tie surfaces and the reference planes. The process of scanning strips adjustment is based on mutual integration of point clouds (scanning strips) and their adaptation to the reference planes.In simultaneous adjustment all strips are combined into one geometrically coherent...
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Programmatic Simulation of Laser Scanning Products
PublicationThe technology of laser scanning is widely used for producing three-dimensional digital representations of geographic features. The measurement results are usually available in the form of 3D point clouds, which are often used as a transitional data model in various remote sensing applications. Unfortunately, while the costs of Light Detection And Ranging scanners have dropped significantly in recent years, they are still considered...
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MARITIME LASER SCANNING AS THE SOURCE FOR SPATIAL DATA
PublicationThe rapid development of scanning technology, especially mobile scanning, gives the possibility to collect spatial data coming from maritime measurement platforms and autonomous manned or unmanned vehicles. Presented solution is derived from the mobile scanning. However we should keep in mind that the specificity of laser scanning at sea and processing collected data should be in the form acceptable in Geographical Information...
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Hopping or Tunneling? Tailoring the Electron Transport Mechanisms through Hydrogen Bonding Geometry in the Boron-Doped Diamond Molecular Junctions
PublicationMechanisms of charge transport in molecular junctions involving hydrogen bonds are complex and remain mostly unclear. This study is focused on the elucidation of the electron transfer in a molecular device consisting of two boron-doped diamond interfaces bound with an aromatic linker and a hydrogen bonding surrogating molecule. The projected local density of states (PLODS) analysis coupled with transmission spectra and current−voltage...
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The Progress in Electron Microscopy Studies of Particulate Matters to Be Used as a Standard Monitoring Method for Air Dust Pollution
PublicationThe present article reviews studies on air solid particles carried out with the use of electron microscopy. Particle analysis combining scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM) can be used to derive size-resolved information of the composition, mixing state, morphology, and complex refractive index of atmospheric aerosol particles. It seems that electron microscopy is more widely used in atmospheric particulate...
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Airborne Laser Scanning Point Cloud Update by Used of the Terrestrial Laser Scanning and the Low-Level Aerial Photogrammetry
PublicationLaser scanning technology is a spatial information gathering technique which is commonly used all over the world. Systems where the red-light beam are used, are divided into: terrestrial, mobile and airborne scanning systems. The main differences between those are the accuracy, the data acquisition solution (f. e. in ALS and MLS besides of the laser scanner, the inertial navigation system is required) and the covered area in one...
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DIFFRACTION PHASE MICROSCOPY FOR OBSERVATION ON RED BLOOD CELLS FLUCTUATION
PublicationNowadays there is quite huge need for more and more precise and effective fast diagnostics methods in hematology diseases. One of the most important blood components are erythrocytes – RBCs (Red Blood Cells). Due to their size they are easy to observe using microscopy. It is commonly known that the shape and lifetime of RBCs allows for early disease identification. Authors present special measurement system for RBCs fluctuations observation...
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Mobile Laser Scanning Calibration on a Marine Platform
PublicationThe article describes the method of calibration of the Riegl VMZ-400 mobile scanning system on a floating platform and an experiment aimed at conducting measurements from a previously calibrated instrument. The issue of factors affecting the quality of measurements was discussed. Mobile laser scanning is an increasingly popular measurement solution, but it is still innovative on a European scale. The use of a floating platform...
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Observation on red blood cells fluctuations by diffraction phase microscopy
PublicationNowadays there is quite huge need for more and more precise and effective fast diagnostics methods in hematology diseases. One of the most important blood components are erythrocytes – Red Blood Cells (RBCs). Due to their size they are easy to observe using microscopy. It is commonly known that the shape and lifetime of RBCs allows for early disease identification. Authors present special measurement system for RBCs fluctuations...
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Electromagnetic curtain effect and tunneling properties of multilayered periodic structures
PublicationArtykuł przedstawia analizę rozpraszania fali elektromagnetycznej na wielowarstwowych strukturach periodycznych. W analizowanych strukturach zaobserwowano efekt tunelowania fali oraz efekt przestrajania pasm zaporowych/przepustowych (efekt kurtyny elektromagnetycznej)
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Tunneling in Systems of Coupled Dopant-Atoms in Silicon Nano-devices
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Triangular 3D Laser Scanning in Underwater Photogrammetry
PublicationThe use of triangular 3D laser scanning may significantly enhance the visual inspection of underwater objects. In these days of high demand for accurate information, exclusively photographic documentation is not enough, as it is geometrically flawed. The authors of this article are trying to present the rudiments of laser scanning, a modern means of measuring, which is reliable, relatively easy to use and works in accordance with...
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Application of multisine nanoscale impedance microscopy to heterogeneous alloy surface investigations
PublicationIn the recent years atomic force microscopy is recognized as valuable tool for investigation of surficial features of construction materials. It concerns, among other things, studies of changes caused by such phenomena as galvanic corrosion, passivation associated with the growth of oxide layers, or sensitization of austenitic steels with the formation of carbide phases. In addition, atomic forcemicroscopy allows easy coupling...
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3D Scanning of Semitransparent Amber with and without Inclusions
PublicationThis paper is concerned with making 3D scans of semitransparent ambers with and without inclusions. The paper presents results of using a variety of devices applied for this purpose. Equipment used in the experiments includes a 3D laser scanner, a structured light scanner, a stereo camera, a camera array and a tomograph. The main object used in the experiment was an amber with a fossil of a lizard. The paper shows possibilities...
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PHASE OBJECT OBSERVATION SYSTEM BASED ON DIFFRACTION PHASE MICROSCOPY
PublicationIn the paper authors present a special measurement system for observing phase objects. The diffraction phas microscopy makes it possible to measure the dimensions of a tested object with a nanometre resolution. To meet this requirement, it is proposed to apply a spatial transform. The proposed setup can be based either on a two lenses system (called 4 f ) or a Wollaston prism. Both solutions with all construction aspects are described...
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Fluorescence imaging spectroscopy and microscopy
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Searching for road deformations using mobile laser scanning
PublicationMillions of people use roads every day all over the world. Roads, like many other structures, have an estimated durability. In Poland a lot of the roads were built at the turn of the 20th and 21st c., especially for light cars. Many of these roads carry traffic and heavy goods vehicles which were not predicted when the traffic was first estimated. It creates a lot of problems with technical conditions and the infrastructure must...
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Piezoresponse force microscopy and dielectric spectroscopy study of Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 thin films
PublicationResearch on synthesis, characterization and determination of processing – structure – property relationships of commercially important ferroelectric thin films has been performed. The sol-gel-type solution deposition technique was applied to produce good quality thin films of Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 (BST60/40) chemical composition on the stainless steel substrates. The thin films were characterized in terms of their microstructure, crystal...
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Bus bays inventory using a terrestrial laser scanning system
PublicationThis article presents the use of laser scanning technology for the assessment of bus bay geo-location. Ground laser scanning is an effective tool for collecting three-dimensional data. Moreover, the analysis of a point cloud dataset can be a source of a lot of information. The authors have outlined an innovative use of data collection and analysis using the TLS regarding information on the flatness of bus bays. The results were...
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Influence of anisotropic stiffness in numerical analyses of tunneling and excavation problems in stiff soils
PublicationIn the stiff overconsolidated soil deposits anisotropy influences small and intermediate strain stiffness and hence it has important impact on the results of discplacement preditcions in soil-structure modelling. The authors developed a cross-anisotropic soil model which combines both stress dependent and micro-structural anisotropy. The model is based on the anisotropic hyperelastic kernel for small strain stiffness. Reference...
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Comparison of PM10 concentration in Gdansk and London using electron microscopy
PublicationParticulate matter (PM) has been considered as one of the most dangerous elements of air pollution. Multiply analytical methods are employed to identify the composition of particles present in the air. The theoretical part of this work is a description of different research centres all over the world where particulate matter is being analyzed using various techniques. The purpose of this project is to analyze and compare particles...
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A new approach of coastal cliff monitoring using Mobile Laser Scanning
PublicationThe article proposes a new approach of coastal cliff monitoring which bases on a new comprehensive monitoring system, being a combination of mobile scanning from the sea with the geotechnical stability analysis. Mobile laser scanning is an innovative solution for 3D data collection which allows the monitored object geometry to be precisely measured, thus providing opportunities for series of analyses contributing to the development...
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Analysis of the applicability of laser scanning to making an inventory of swimming pool facilities
Publication3D scanning can be used in many branches of economy, e.g. reverse and prototype engineering, industrial design, quality control, pros-thetics, orthodontics, archiving of historic objects and archeological findings, examination of a scene of crime, making films and comput-er games. The technology of terrestrial laser scanning has a bright fu-ture as we are living in the time of blooming measurement tech-niques, which can provide...
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The method of analysis of damage reinforced concrete beams using terrestial laser scanning
PublicationThe authors present an analysis of the possibility to assess deformations and mechanisms of destructing bent reinforced concrete beams using the terrestrial laser scanning. As part of the experiments carried out at the Regional Laboratory of Construction of the Concrete Structures Division of the Civil and Environmental Engineering Faculty at Gdansk University of Technology, the reinforced concrete beams were subjected to destruction...
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Airborne and mobile laser scanning in measurements of sea cliffs on the southern Baltic
PublicationMeasurements of sea cliffs performed using periodic surveying based on laser scanning is currently one of the fastest and most accurate solutions. Supported with the technology of satellite measurements using GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) positioning and photographic measurements with the use of aerial vehicle, they enable an effective monitoring of the sea cliffs affected by the erosion. In case of the coast of southern...
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THE METHOD OF ANALYSIS OF DAMAGE REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS USING TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNING
PublicationThe authors present an analysis of the possibility to assess deformations and mode of failure of R-C beams using terrestrial laser scanning. As part of experiments carried out at the Regional Laboratory of Construction (at Gdansk University of Technology), reinforced concrete beams were subjected to destruction by bending and by shear. The process of press impact on the reinforced concrete beam was recorded using terrestrial laser...
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Measurement system for nonlinear surface spectroscopy by atomic force microscopy for corrosion processes monitoring
PublicationIn addition to traditional imaging the surface, atomic force microscopy (AFM) enables wide variety of additional measurements. One of them is higher harmonic imaging. In tapping mode the nonlinear contact between tip and specimen results in higher frequency vibrations. More information available from the higher harmonics analysis proves to be helpful for more detailed imaging. Such visualization is especially useful for heterogeneous...
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Raman microscopy in the studies of microphase-separated polyurethanes.
PublicationPorównano możliwości badawcze różnych odmian spektroskopowych do analizy po-limerów. Podano przykłądy wykorzystania połączonych technik mikroskopowych ispektroskopowych do badania polimerów wielofazowych. Na tej podstawie wyka-zano zasadność zastosowania po raz pierwszy mikroskopii Ramana w badaniachwielofazowych poliuretanów. Wykazano różnice składu chemicznego poszczegól-nych elementów mikromorfologii wielofazowych, segmentowych...
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STUDIES ON THE USE OF TERRESTRIAL LASER SCANNING IN THE MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS BELONGING TO THE CULTURAL HERITAGE
PublicationWithin the frames of the use of terrestrial laser scanning we find numerous examples of registration of building facilities, including also historical and valuable in their culture. In the case presented in this paper, at the root of the problem there is a preservation of the historic blacksmith’s forge located in Gdansk Orunia. The facility dating from the early nineteenth century was intended to repair involving the complete...
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Studies on the use of terrestrial laser scanning in the maintenance of buildings belonging to the cultural heritage
PublicationWithin the frames of the use of terrestrial laser scanning we find numerous examples of registration of building facilities, including also historical and valuable in their culture. In the case presented in this paper, at the root of the problem there is a preservation of the historic blacksmith's forge located in Gdansk Orunia. The facility dating from the early nineteenth century was intended to repair involving the complete...
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Scanning networks with cactus topology
PublicationThe family of Pursuit and Evasion problems is widelystudied because of its numerous practical applications,ranging from communication protocols to cybernetic andphysical security. Calculating the search number of a graphis one of most commonly analyzed members of this problemfamily. The search number is the smallest number of mobileagents required to capture an invisible and arbitrarily fastfugitive, for instance piece of malicious...
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As- built inventory of the office building with the use of terrestrial laser scanning
PublicationTerrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) is an efficient tool for building inventories. Based on the red- laser beam technology it is possible to provide the high accuracy data with complete spatial information about a scanned object. In this article, authors present the solution of use a TLS in as-built inventory of the office building. Based on the provided data, it is possible to evaluate the correctness of built details of a building...
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Experimental investigations of damage evolution in concrete during bending by continuous micro-CT scanning
PublicationThe paper describes experimental investigation results of fracture in notched concrete beams under quasi-static three-point bending. To visualize 3D fracture in concrete under bending, an extended X-ray micro-computed tomography system was used, i.e. the tomography system SkyScan 1173 was connected to the loading machine ISTRON 5569. This combined system enabled to shot images of deforming concrete beams during a continuous deformation...
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Combined Close Range Photogrammetry and Terrestrial Laser Scanning for Ship Hull Modelling
PublicationThe paper addresses the fields of combined close-range photogrammetry and terrestrial laser scanning in the light of ship modelling. The authors pointed out precision and measurement accuracy due to their possible complex application for ship hulls inventories. Due to prescribed vitality of every ship structure, it is crucial to prepare documentation to support the vessel processes. The presented methods are directed, combined...