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Search results for: SURFACE STRESSES
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Results of nanoindentation test to calculate residual stress in an eyelet of undercarriage drag strut after laser treatment
Open Research DataIn order to determine the residual stress in the laser-processed an eyelet of undercarriage drag strut, a nanoindentation test was performed before and after stress relief annealing. For this purpose, after the hardness test, the sample was subjected to stress relief annealing at 270 °C for 2 hours. Annealing was performed in a vacuum furnace. Hardness...
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Extremal thermal loading of a bifurcation pipe
PublicationThe subject of considerations is a spherical bifurcation pipe of a live steam made of steel P91, which is an element of a block of coal-fired power plant working with a 18K370 turbine. As experience shows, it is a very sensitive element of the boiler pipelines. An extreme work scenario for such a block has been adopted, in which the turbine is shutting down to a warm state three times in 24 hours. This is an action dictated by...
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Verification of the new viscoelastic method of thermal stress calculation in asphalt layers of pavements
PublicationThe new viscoelastic method of thermal stress calculations in asphalt layers has been developed and published recently by the author. This paper presents verification of this method. The verification is based on the comparison of the results of calculations with results of testing of thermal stresses in Thermal Stress Restrained Specimen Test. The calculations of thermal stresses according to the new method were based on rheological...
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Mechanical Strength of MV Ship-switchgear During Fault Arc
PublicationIn the paper the analysis of pressure stressed in enclosure during fault arc inside switchgear is pre-sented as well. There is introduced the method based on determining stresses which are sum of tensile stresses (membrane) and deflection stresses. For tensile stresses nalysis the energy method, for unrestrainedly supported rectangular plate, was used. In the further part of the paper, the calculations and measurements results...
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Optimisation of turbine shaft heating process under steam turbine run-up conditions
PublicationAn important operational task for thermal turbines during run-up and run-down is to keep the stresses in the structural elements at a right level. This applies not only to their instantaneous values, but also to the impact of them on the engine lifetime. The turbine shaft is a particularly important element. The distribution of stresses depends on geometric characteristics of the shaft and its specific locations. This means a groove manufactured...
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Deep eutectic solvent-based shaking-assisted extraction for determination of bioactive compounds from Norway spruce roots
PublicationPolyphenolic compounds play an essential role in plant growth, reproduction, and defense mechanisms against pathogens and environmental stresses. Extracting these compounds is the initial step in assessing phytochemical changes, where the choice of extraction method significantly influences the extracted analytes. However, due to environmental factors, analyzing numerous samples is necessary for statistically significant results,...
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Effect of Porosity on the Thermo-Mechanical Behavior of Friction-Stir-Welded Spark-Plasma-Sintered Aluminum Matrix Composites with Bimodal Micro- and Nano-Sized Reinforcing Al2O3 Particles
PublicationThe thermo-mechanical behavior of nanosized Al2O3 particles reinforcing aluminum was analyzed in the present paper. The material was prepared by spark plasma sintering and friction stir welding. The thermal stresses affecting the composite behavior during welding were modeled through COMSOL MultiPhysics, and the results were validated by the analyses of the composites’ mechanical properties. The spark-plasma-sintered materials...
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Influence of friction stir welding technological parameters on the properties of the joints of selected aluminum alloys
PublicationThe purpose of this dissertation was to determine the effect of friction stir welding technological parameters on the properties of selected aluminum alloy joints, with consideration of the residual stresses and dislocation density in the joints. The goal of the present work was also to produce defect-free joints with high mechanical and electrochemical properties. In the dissertation, similar welds of AA6082 alloy and dissimilar...
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Sensitivity analysis of critical loads of I-columns
PublicationThe first order variation of critical buckling load of thin-walled columns with bisymmetric open cross-section due to some variations of the design variables such as: cross-section dimensions, or material characteristics is derived. The influence of the residual welding stresses is taken into account. In the numerical examples dealing with I-column the functions describing the effect of the variation of the dimensions of the flange...
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Laser Beam as a Precision Tool to Increase Fatigue Resistance in an Eyelet of Undercarriage Drag Strut
PublicationThe article contains the results of tests on a laser-processed eyelet of undercarriage drag strut to increase its fatigue strength. Laser processing concentrated on both sides around the hole of eye for connecting the undercarriage drag strut caused that the material in this area withstood more than twice the number of load cycles established for this material. In order to determine the reasons for the increase in fatigue strength,...
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Identification of Shear Modulus Parameters of Half-space Inhomogeneous by Depth
PublicationThe paper propose a method for determining of the parameters of the exponential shear modulus of a functionally graded half-space based on the solution of the problem of a pure shear of an elastic functionally graded half-space by a strip punch. The solution of the integral equation of the contact problem is constructed by asymptotic methods with respect to the dimensionless parameter. The dependence of contact stresses on the...
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Application of Barkhausen effect in the impact assessment of welding to internal stress distribution in steel
PublicationThe paper presents identification method of internal stresses in plane steel elements in the chase of deliverance and welding assembly. The assessment was made by means of a non-destructive experimental method based on measurements incorporating local external magnetic field and the measurement of induced voltage, including Barkhausen noise. This method allows a degradation assessment due to internal and external actions, causing...
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Application of Barkhausen effect in the impact assessment of welding to internal stress distribution in steel
PublicationThe paper presents identification method of internal stresses in plane steel elements in the chase of deliverance and welding assembly. The assessment was made by means of a non-destructive experimental method based on measurements incorporating local external magnetic field and the measurement of induced voltage, including Barkhausen noise. This method allows a degradation assessment due to internal and external actions, causing...
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An influence of the ship's block coefficient implementation on the evaluation of it's hull girder bending
PublicationAn influence of the three different ways of implementation ship's block coefficient δ (three geometrical models) on the stresses due to wave bending moment have been investigated. Two models have been applied and compared: beam one (description of the shape usingparameters) and FEM shell model (direct representation of the shape). The outcomes have been compared to Polish Register of Shipping (PRS) rules. The results show that...
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Stress analysis of a strip under tension with a circular hole
PublicationThe paper addresses stress analysis of a strip with a circular hole under uniform uniaxial tension based oncircumferential stress expressionρπ. Stresses are analyzed in the infinite-length strips under tension with holes, the ratioof the hole radiusa to the strip half-widthb is either equal to:κ =a/b = 0.1 orκ = 0.5. Circumferential stresses aredetermined in selected cross-sections of the strip. The stress diagrams display local...
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Possible effects of the 1984 St. Clair River ice jam on bed changes
PublicationThis study examines the possible effect of the record ice jam of 1984 in the St. Clair River on river bed changes and conveyance. Numerical simulations were made to examine the flow and bed shear stresses during the jam formation and release periods. Simulation results indicate that the ice jam in the river did not cause a significant increase in bed shear stress compared to pre- and post-jam open water conditions. The insignificant...
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The Dominant Influence of Plastic Deformation Induced Residual Stress on the Barkhausen Effect Signal in Martensitic Steels
PublicationThe paper presents the results of investigation of the influence of plastic deformation on the magnetic properties of martensitic steel (P91 grade). The properties of the hysteresis loops as well as of the Barkhausen effect (BE) signal are analysed for both tensile and compressive loading up to ε = 10% of plastic deformation. The choice of the steel and of the deformation range is unique, since for such combination one can expect...
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Corrigendum to “Fatigue life improvement using low transformation temperature weld material with measurement of residual stress” [Int. J. Fatigue 164 (2022) 107137]
PublicationWelding processes often produce high levels of tensile residual stress. Low transformation temperature (LTT) welding wires utilise phase transformation strains to overcome the thermal contraction of a cooling weld. In this paper, the residual stress within each weld was quantified using the milling/strain gauge method, being the strain change measured as the weldment was milled away. The fatigue tests were conducted under uniaxial...
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Fatigue life improvement using low transformation temperature weld material with measurement of residual stress
PublicationWelding processes often produce high levels of tensile residual stress. Low transformation temperature (LTT) welding wires utilise phase transformation strains to overcome the thermal contraction of a cooling weld. In this paper, the residual stress within each weld was quantified using the milling/strain gauge method, being the strain change measured as the weldment was milled away. The fatigue tests were conducted under uniaxial...
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Temperature Evolution, Material Flow, and Resulting Mechanical Properties as a Function of Tool Geometry during Friction Stir Welding of AA6082
PublicationThe friction stir welding process was simulated for joining AA6082 aluminum alloy with the use of the computational fluid dynamics method. Two different tool geometries were used—a tapered cylindrical pin (simple pin) and a hexagonal pin with grooves (complex pin). The analysis of the simulations performed was discussed in terms of temperature evolution during the process, total heat input, residual stresses and material flow....
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Dynamics of cutting power during sawing with circular saw blades as an effect of wood properties changes in the cross section
PublicationIn the paper the effect of the method calculation upon the cutting power is presented. In computations were used models in which fracture toughness was incorporated. The comparison concerned models as follows: FM-CM – classic model in which the sum of all uncut chip thicknesses of the simultaneously teeth engaged represented the mean uncut chip thickness, FM-FDM – full dynamical model in which besides variable uncut chip thickness...
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Application of the Barkhausen effect probe with adjustable m agnetic field direction for stress state determination in the P91 ste el pipe
PublicationThe paper presents the results of application of a novel Barkhausen effect (BE) probe with adjustable magnetizing field direction for the stress level evaluation in ferromagnetic materials. The investigated sample was in a form of a pipe, made of P91 steel that was anisotropic due to the production process. The measurements were performed before and after welding, revealing the influence of welding process on the residual stress...
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Fatigue strength determination of ship structural joints. Part I - Analytical methods for determining fatigue strength of ship tructures
PublicationSpectacular accidents at sea which have happened for a few last years show that hull structures of contemporary sea-going ships are not perfect and must be systematically improved. Fatigue strength is one of the groups of strength problems which affect design of contemporary ship's structures and greatly contribute in their improvement process. In this paper several approaches to estimation of fatigue life of hull structural...
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Buckling and shape control of prestressable trusses using optimum number of actuators
PublicationThis paper describes a method to control the nodal displacement of prestressable truss structures within the desired domains. At the same time, the stress in all members is unleashed to take any value between the allowable tensile stress and critical buckling stress. The shape and stresses are controlled by actuating the most active members. The technique considers the members’ initial crookedness, residual stresses, and slenderness...
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Analytical model with non-adiabatic effects for pressure drop and heat transfer during boiling and condensation flows in conventional channels and minichannels
PublicationIn the paper a method developed earlier by authors is applied to calculations of pressure drop and heat transfer coefficient for boiling flow and condensation flow with account of non- adiabatic effects for some recent data collected from literature. The first effect, the modification of interface shear stresses in annular flow pattern is considered through incorporation of the so called "blowing parameter". The mechanism of...
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Justifying the prolongation of the service life of the bearing structure of a tank car when using Y25 bogies
PublicationThis paper substantiates the use of Y25 bogies under tank cars in order to prolong their service life. The reported study has been carried out for a tank car with rated parameters, as well as the actual ones, registered during full-scale research. Mathematical modeling was performed to determine the basic indicators of the tank car dynamics. The differential equations of motion were solved by a Runge-Kutta method using the Mathcad...
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SIMPLIFIED MODELING OF STRESS AND DEFLECTION LIMIT STATES OF UNDERGROUND TANKS
PublicationFuel tanks are designed with regard to standard actions and operating conditions. The work analyses the impact of corrosion and other means to variation of stresses and deformation of a horizontal underground tank shell. The computations are preliminary. Due to the long computational time of the entire tank the analysis is restricted to its part only. The full analysis is bound to assess structural reliability, further allowing...
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Corrosion Properties of Dissimilar AA6082/AA6060 Friction Stir Welded Butt Joints in Different NaCl Concentrations
PublicationA solid-state friction stir welding method which is increasingly used in the marine and shipbuilding industry, has been developed to produce welds with high mechanical properties. In seawater, the oxide layer of aluminium is attacked by Cl− ions resulting in its disruption and formation of pitting corrosion. It is particularly important to determine the electrochemical properties of the produced welds and to evaluate the efect...
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Comparitive study of heat transfer and pressure drop during flow boiling and flow condensation in minichannels
PublicationIn the paper a method developed earlier by authors is applied to calculations of pressure drop and heat transfer coefficient for flow boiling and also flow condensation for some recent data collected from literature for such fluids as R404a, R600a, R290, R32,R134a, R1234yf and other. The modification of interface shear stresses between flow boiling and flow condensation in annular flow structure are considered through incorporation...
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Structural Design and Sensitivity Analysis of Semi-Rigid Pavement of a Motorway
PublicationThis paper presents application of mechanistic-empirical methods in design of semi-rigid pavement for a section of a motorway in Poland. The stage construction was assumed. Three fatigue criteria were applied in the design. For asphalt fatigue cracking and subgrade soil the criteria from the Asphalt Institute (1981) were applied. For fatigue cracking of cement stabilized bases the Dempsey (1984) and De Beer (1992) criteria were...
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Corrugated Sheeting as a Member of a Shear Panel Under Repeated Load—Experimental Test
PublicationIn stressed-skin design, the cladding stiffening effect on structures is taken into account. However, the “traditional” design is more usual, wherein this effect is neglected. Even if the diaphragm actions are not regarded, in particular cases such as big sheds (and others), the parasitic (unwanted) stressed-skin action may occur with the result of leakage or even failure. The structures of this kind have already been built. Thus,...
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Modelling of cutting by means of fracture mechanics
PublicationThe suitability of modern fracture mechanic theory was proved for the estimation of the cutting force and the cutting specific resistance. This paper shows modification of Ernst-Merchant theory and its application for determination some other properties of wood sample. This theory is acceptable for evaluation of shear yield stresses and shear plane angle. Sawing by gang saw machine was used as a process similar to the orthogonal...
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MODELLING OF CUTTING BY MEANS OF FRACTURE MECHANICS
PublicationThe suitability of modern fracture mechanic theory was proved for the estimation of the cutting force and the cutting specific resistance. This paper shows modification of Ernst-Merchant theory and its application for determination some other properties of wood sample. This theory is acceptable for evaluation of shear yield stresses and shear plane angle. Sawing by gang saw machine was used as a process similar to the orthogonal...
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Velocity Field Characteristics at the Inlet to a Pipe Culvert
PublicationA poorly designed culvert inlet structure causes scouring, which can lead to the collapse of the culvert and significant damage to the neighboring land. A set of laboratory tests was evaluated to examine velocity distribution at the culvert inlet. A three-dimensional acoustic Doppler velocimeterwas used to measure instantaneous flowvelocity upstream of the culvert. The analysis of mean velocities, turbulence strength, and Reynolds...
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Nonlinear FEM analysis of irregular shells composed of fiber metal laminates
PublicationThe paper deals with the analysis of failure initiation in shells made of Fiber Metal Laminates (FML). The elas-tic material law for orthotropic lamina is stated accounting for asymmetric in-plane stress and strain measures. The asymmetry results from the employed general nonlinear 6-field shell theory where the generalized dis-placements involve the translation and the proper rotation field. The novelty of the presented results...
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Comparison of strain results at a laser weld notch obtained by numerical calculations and experimental measurements
PublicationIn the development of ship structures applying new materials and it’s purposeful placement play an important role. During the last years, especially in a construction of ro-ro type vessels, the usage of novel sandwich structures in cargo decks is profitable. Steel sandwich panel is an innovative solution which at a todays state of development can be used for the construction of any members not taking part in a global bending of...
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In-plane shear nonlinearity in failure behavior of angle-ply laminated shells
PublicationThe paper concerns the progressive failure analysis of laminates with the in-plane shear nonlinearity accounted for.The nonlinear shear response of the layer is described by the constitutive relation treating the stresses as a function of strains. Thus it can be easily incorporated into the displacement-based FEM codes. The brittle failure mechanisms of the fibers and the matrix of the layer are recognized with the use of the Hashin...
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Selected local stability problems of channel section flanges made of aluminium alloys
PublicationThe paper addresses the issue of local buckling of compressed flanges of cold-formed thin-walled channel columns and beams with nonstandard flanges composed of aluminium alloys. The material behaviour follows the Ramberg–Osgood law. It should be noted that the proposed solution may be also applied for other materials, for example: stainless steel, carbon steel. The paper is motivated by an increasing interest in nonstandard cold-formed...
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Effects of deviations from thermo-rheologically simple behavior of asphalt mixes in creep on developing of master curves of their stiffness modulus
PublicationThe paper presents the deviations from the thermo-rheologically simple behavior of asphalt mixes and their effects on the developing of master curves of stiffness modulus. Eleven different mixes were tested in three point bending test under constant load at temperatures –20°C, –10 °C and 0 °C, and in some cases at +10 °C. The test method was developed at the Gdansk University of Technology, Poland. The applied stress level was...
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Mixed 4-node shell element with assumed strain and stress in 6-parameter theory
PublicationWe propose a mixed hybrid 4-node shell elements based on Hu-Washizu principle. Apart from displacements both strains and stress fields are treated as independent fields. The element is derived in the framework of a general nonlinear 6-field shell theory with drilling rotation which is dedicated to the analysis of multifold irregular shells with intersections. The novelty of the presented results stems from the fact that the measures...
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Mixed 4-node shell element with assumed strain and stress in 6-parameter theory
PublicationWe propose a mixed hybrid 4-node shell elements based on Hu-Washizu principle. Apart from displacements both strains and stress fields are treated as independent fields. The element is derived in the framework of a general nonlinear 6-field shell theory with drilling rotation which is dedicated to the analysis of multifold irregular shells with intersections. The novelty of the presented results stems from the fact that the measures...
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Inverse Analysis as a Key Element of Safety Assessment under the Snow Load For The Large Suspension Roofs Structure
PublicationThe paper presents a concept and realization of monitoring system for the Silesian Stadium in Chorzow. The idea of the system lies in fusion of structure monitoring with a calibrated numerical FEM model [1]. The inverse problem is solved. On the base of measured selected displacements, the numerical FEM model of the structure combined with iterative method, develops the current snow load distribution. Knowing the load, we can calculate...
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Chemical Theory of Machines, basic principles of strength with examples of calculations
PublicationThis book encompasses the essential range of information on technical aspects of mechanical design. It was written primarily for the students and staff of chemistry faculties of technical universities, yet it may also be utilized by everyone, who ether would like to try or already enjoys designing, but cannot take advantage of typical stress & machine construction handbooks. These handbooks often require familiarity with the concepts...
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Evaluation of thermal cracking probability for asphalt concretes with high percentage of RAP
PublicationThe paper presents determination of the probability of thermal cracking of asphalt mixtures with different reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) content on the basis of laboratory tests and analytical evaluation using thermal stress development method. Probability was evaluated taking into consideration: the type and gradation of the mixture and the quality and content of RAP. Thermal stresses were determined using two models: elastic and...
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The influence of stainless steels microstructure evolution on the mechanical properties of pressure installation elements
PublicationIn this paper results of FEM analysis performed for pipe and 90o elbow, made of super duplex stainless steel, after precipitation of sigma phase (),were presented. Heat treatment conditions simulate accidental overheating that can occur in nuclear installations after cooling circulation fails. For initial and modified microstructure tensile test was performed and numerical description of work hardening curves was done. Verification...
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The influence of stainless steels microstructure evolution on the mechanical properties of pressure installation elements
PublicationIn this paper results of FEM analysis performed for pipe and 90o elbow, made of super duplex stainless steel, after precipitation of sigma phase (s), were presented. Heat treatment conditions simulate accidental overheating that can occur in nuclear installations after cooling circulation fails. For initial and modified microstructure tensile test was performed and numerical description of work hardening curves was done. Verification...
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Failure of cold-formed beam: How does residual stress affect stability?
PublicationIn machine industry, stresses are often calculated using simple linear FEM analysis. Occasional failures of elements designed in such a way require recomputation by means of more sophisticated methods, eg. including plasticity and non-linear effects. It usually leads to investigation of failure causes and improvement of an element in order to prevent its unwanted behavior in the future. The study presents the case where both linear...
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Study of Non-Newtonian biomagnetic blood flow in a stenosed bifurcated artery having elastic walls
PublicationFluid structure interaction (FSI) gained attention of researchers and scientist due to its applications in science felds like biomedical engineering, mechanical engineering etc. One of the major application in FSI is to study elastic wall behavior of stenotic arteries. In this paper we discussed an incompressible Non-Newtonian blood fow analysis in an elastic bifurcated artery. A magnetic feld is applied along x direction. For...
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Impact of thermal loading into the structural performance of ships: A review
PublicationThe presented study reviews the recent advances done regarding the impact of thermal loading on the structural performance of ships. Firstly, the studies related to the mechanical and thermal properties of typical materials used in shipbuilding are outlined. Secondly, a brief introduction to the heat transfer analysis, Finite Element modelling and thermal stresses is provided. Finally, the review of papers dealing with the structural...
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3D Printing of Metallic Implants
PublicationThe fabrication of various elements, solid and open porous structures of stainless steel and Ti alloy is described. The process was started with the design of 3D models in CAD/CAM system. The 3D models were transformed into *.stl files and then the manufacturing process of the real structures by means of the selective laser melting with the SLM Realizer 100 3D printer was made. The paper shows the porous specimens made for possible...