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Bonding in Phosphanylphosphinidene Complexes of Transition Metals and their Correlation with Structures, 31 P NMR Spectra, and Reactivities
PublicationTheoretical studies of the bonding interactions and most important properties are carried out for isolable phosphanylphosphinidene complexes of transition metals. Three main types of phosphanylphosphinidene complexes are distinguished, based on the way in which the phosphanylphosphinidene ligand bonds to the metal center: (i) side-on complexes of platinum, where the R2Pβ–Pα ligand mimics structural features of free singlet phosphanylphosphinidenes...
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Scheduling of identical jobs with bipartite incompatibility graphs on uniform machines. Computational experiments
PublicationWe consider the problem of scheduling unit-length jobs on three or four uniform parallel machines to minimize the schedule length or total completion time. We assume that the jobs are subject to some types of mutual exclusion constraints, modeled by a bipartite graph of a bounded degree. The edges of the graph correspond to the pairs of jobs that cannot be processed on the same machine. Although the problem is generally NP-hard,...
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Phosphanylphosphido and phosphanylphosphinidene complexes of zirconium(IV) supported by bidentate N,N ligands
PublicationPhosphanylphosphido complexes of zirconium, [NacNacZrCl2(η2-R2P–PSiMe3)] (R = t-Bu, i-Pr), were synthesized in the reaction of R2P–P(SiMe3)Li·nTHF (R = t-Bu, i-Pr) with a β-diketiminate complex, [NacNacZrCl3], in toluene. Elimination of Me3SiCl from [NacNacZrCl2(η2-R2P–PSiMe3)] provided the phosphanylphosphinidene complexes [NacNacZrCl(η2-R2P–P)] (R = t-Bu, i-Pr). Moreover, the reaction of [NacNacZrCl2(η2-R2P–PSiMe3)] with R2P–P(SiMe3)Li·nTHF...
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Reactions of lithiated diphosphanes R2P-P(SiMe3)LiTHF (R = tBu, iPr) with [(PNP)TiCl2]. Two different coordination types of phosphanylphosphido ligand to the metal center.
Publication[(PNP)TiCl2] (PNP = N[2-PiPr2-4-methylphenyl]2) reacts with one equivalent of lithium derivative of diphosphane R2P-P(SiMe3)LinTHF (R = tBu, iPr) in toluene and forms the first complex with g1-coordination [(PNP)Ti(Cl){g1-P(SiMe3)-PtBu2}] (1) and complex with g2-coordination [(PNP)Ti(Cl){g2-P(SiMe3)-PiPr2}] (2) of phosphanylphosphido ligands to the titanium center. The similar reaction with two equivalents of tBu2P-P(SiMe3)LinTHF...
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Reactions of Lithiated Diphosphanes R2P-P(SiMe3)Li (R = tBu, iPr, iPr2N, Et2N) with [Cp2WCl2]. Syntheses and Structures of the First Terminal Phosphanylphosphido Complexes of Tungsten(IV)
PublicationReactions of R2P−P(SiMe3)Li (R = tBu, iPr, iPr2N, Et2N) with [Cp2WCl2] yield terminal phosphanylphosphido complexes [Cp(C5H4P-PR2)WH] or [Cp{C5H4P-PR2}-W(SiMe3)] by way of a hydrogen or SiMe3 migration to tungsten. The solid-state structures of [Cp(C5H4P−PtBu2)-WH] and [Cp(C5H4P-PNEt2)WH] were established by singlecrystalX-ray diffraction. Two stereoisomers of [Cp(C5H4P−PtBu2)WH] were identified by solution NMR spectroscopy. Reaction...
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Integrating web site services into application through user interface
PublicationThe issue of integrating applications which are only accessible through visual user interface is not thoroughly researched. Integration of web applications running remotely and controlled by separate organizations becomes even more complicated, as their user interface can display differently in different browsers or change without prior notification as a result of application maintenance. While possible, it is generally not common...
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Drug-resistant and hospital-associated Enterococcus faecium from wastewater, riverine estuary and anthropogenically impacted marine catchment basin.
PublicationEnterococci, ubiquitous colonizers of humans and other animals, play an increasingly important role in health-care associated infections (HAIs). Acquisition of resistance determinants not only seriously limits available therapeutic options but also increases available gene pool for other species. It is believed that the recent evolution of two clinically relevant species, Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium occurred...
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Entrepreneurship nests in a polish edge city
PublicationThe last two decades in Poland have been a period of both a dynamic development of the small and medium-sized enterprise sector and a transformation of the city surrounding territories. This development began during the economy transformation after 1989. Population migration and movement of economic entities away from central cities resulted in development of territorial structures within some Polish suburban areas, defined as...
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Three Principles for Healthy Living with Light and Lighting
PublicationThe lockdown measures applied to cities and towns during the worldwide Covid-19 pandemic have had a widespread impact on people’s lives. Some have found themselves confined to their homes, with limited social contact and a reduced quality of life. Others have found that the lockdown improved their wellbeing, as more time was spent outside, instead of commuting and working in an office building, plus the benefits of spending increased...
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Ancient settlements-atavistic solutions for present water supply and drainage problems engendered by urbanism
PublicationWater is the most valuable resource available on earth. Although it is present in abundance, its usable volume is very scarce. This is the reason behind the existence of both floods and droughts around the world. However, human settlements face water scarcity issues that are primarily engendered by improper town planning measures. To create a balance between the available fractions of water, it is therefore imperative to have proper...
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General grants and development – a relationship without a future? The effects of the structure of general grants on the development of local government units in Poland
PublicationThe purpose of this paper is to attempt to identify the reasons for the lack of relationship between general grant revenue and investment expenditure of local government units. The author formulated the hypothesis that there is no link between general grants and investment expenditure and that the reason for this are the current spending on education, absorbing the entire amount of general grants received by local government units....
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Coupled Urban Areas Inundation Model with Interaction Between Storm Water System and Surface Flow - Case Study of Sea Level Impact on Seaside Areas Flooding
PublicationInundations are becoming more frequent than ever. What is connected with increasing area of impervious surface in cities. This makes predicting urban flooding and its scale especially important. At the seaside we observe additional conditions such as sea level that makes accurate numerical modelling of issue even harder. With complex approach to the matter which is simultaneous calculation of storm water conduit flow and overland...
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Innovative Solutions in Surface Water Quality Monitoring
PublicationIn 2010 a project entitled "Integrated Support System for Management and Protection of Water Dam Reservoir (ZiZOZap)” was initiated, to aid solving water management problems on a river and dam reservoir formed on it. An innovative system of continuous monitoring was created, that encompassed selected physical and chemical parameters of river and lake waters in three chosen sites. This article presents a selection of results, that...
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How proteins bind to DNA: target discrimination and dynamic sequence search by the telomeric protein TRF1
PublicationTarget search as performed by DNA-binding proteins is a complex process, in which multiple factors contribute to both thermodynamic discrimination of the target sequence from overwhelmingly abundant off-target sites and kinetic acceleration of dynamic sequence interrogation. TRF1, the protein that binds to telomeric tandem repeats, faces an intriguing variant of the search problem where target sites are clustered within short fragments...
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Reinforced Secure Gossiping Against DoS Attacks in Post-Disaster Scenarios
PublicationDuring and after a disaster, the perceived quality of communication networks often becomes remarkably degraded with an increased ratio of packet losses due to physical damages of the networking equipment, disturbance to the radio frequency signals, continuous reconfiguration of the routing tables, or sudden spikes of the network traffic, e.g., caused by the increased user activity in a post-disaster period. Several techniques have...
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Tworzenie miejskości po 1990r., Geneza niemieckiej urbanistyki współczesnych założeń mieszkaniowych
PublicationArtykuł jest przyczyną do przypomnienia genezy współczesnej formy niemieckich miejskich struktur mieszkaniowych w kontekście zmian rozumienia ich wymiaru miejskości. Niemiecka myśl urbanistyczna łączy w sobie dwie wyraziste tradycje dwudziestego wieku - Gründerzeit i KlassischeModerne. Pozostaje jednak silnie otwarta na innowację generowaną nie tylko dzięki postępowi technicznemu, ale przede wszystkim poprzez planowanie interdyscyplinarne...
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The Hopf type theorem for equivariant gradient local maps
PublicationWe construct a degree-type otopy invariant for equivariant gradient local maps in the case of a real finite-dimensional orthogonal representation of a compact Lie group. We prove that the invariant establishes a bijection between the set of equivariant gradient otopy classes and the direct sum of countably many copies of Z.
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The usefulness of birch saps from the area of Podkarpacie to produce birch syrup
PublicationIn northern European countries, as well as in North America tree saps of maples and birches are used for the production of syrups. Birch syrups are characterized by a specific aromatic taste and can be used as an addition to sweets, desserts, salads and meats. Attention is paid to the health benefits of birch syrups, mainly for high mineral content. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of birch saps obtained from...
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Recommendations for Urban Freight Policy Development in Gdynia
PublicationThe purpose of this paper was to provide practical recommendations on how to develop Gdynia’s urban freight policy based on actual planning experience and characteristics of potential measures. Freight policy scheme was developed as a result of three interrelated factors: a) the general procedure of the urban freight planning, b) the city's current planning stage analysis and, c) characteristics of urban freight objectives and...
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Mechanical, Thermal and Rheological Properties of Polyethylene-Based Composites Filled with Micrometric Aluminum Powder
PublicationInvestigations related to polymer/metal composites are often limited to the analysis of the electrical and thermal conductivity of the materials. The presented study aims to analyze the impact of aluminum (Al) filler content (from 1 to 20 wt%) on the rarely investigated properties of composites based on the high-density polyethylene (HDPE) matrix. The crystalline structure, rheological (melt flow index and oscillatory rheometry),...
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Styrene-Butadiene Rubber/Modified Ground Tire Rubber Blends Co-Vulcanization: Effect of Accelerator Type
PublicationGround tire rubber was thermo-mechanically modified with using a co-rotating twin screw extruder. Modification of GTR was conducted in autothermal conditions. Styrene-butadiene rubber and modified ground tire rubber blends were prepared via two-roll milling. Obtained compounds were cured with conventional system (sulfur/vulcanization accelerator ratio was 2:1). During this research three commonly vulcanization accelerators (MBT,...
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Organizational culture as prerequisite of proactive safety and security management in critical infrastructure systems including hazardous plants and ports
PublicationThis article addresses selected aspects of organizational culture to be considered in the context of knowledge based proactive safety and security management of plants, ports and systems of critical infrastructure. It has been often emphasized in the domain literature that business effectiveness of such plants and their resilience against hazards and threats to avoid major accidents depends substantially on human and organizational...
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Price convergence in the EU-an aggregate and disaggregate approach
PublicationThis article examines the price dispersion in the European Union (EU) over 15 years (1990-2005). An extensive overview of the literature offers inconclusive results with the half-lives of price shocks from 2.8 to 282 months. Until now, most of the empirical research has been either micro or macro based. In contrast, we conducted a complex analysis utilizing both aggregate and disaggregate price data. The macro approach is based...
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Comparison of PM10 concentration in Gdansk and London using electron microscopy
PublicationParticulate matter (PM) has been considered as one of the most dangerous elements of air pollution. Multiply analytical methods are employed to identify the composition of particles present in the air. The theoretical part of this work is a description of different research centres all over the world where particulate matter is being analyzed using various techniques. The purpose of this project is to analyze and compare particles...
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Urban Vegetation in Air Quality Management: A Review and Policy Framework
PublicationRecent episodes of high air pollution concentration levels in many Polish cities indicate the urgent need for policy change and for the integration of various aspects of urban development into a common platform for local air quality management. In this article, the focus was placed on the prospects of improving urban air quality through proper design and protection of vegetation systems within local spatial planning strategies....
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Soft Sensor Application in Identification of the Activated Sludge Bulking Considering the Technological and Economical Aspects of Smart Systems Functioning
PublicationThe paper presented the methodology for the construction of a soft sensor used for activated sludge bulking identification. Devising such solutions fits within the current trends and development of a smart system and infrastructure within smart cities. In order to optimize the selection of the data-mining method depending on the data collected within a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), a number of methods were considered, including:...
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Estimating the Average Speed of Public Transport Vehicles Based on Traffic Control System Data
PublicationIntelligent Transport Systems are a valuable source of traffic information, covering both private and public vehicles. The main problem, however, is that very few studies are conducted to determine the speed of buses, trams and trolleys in urban networks in relation to traffic conditions. The paper investigates how ITS systems data could be used to model the speed of Public Transport vehicles. This is now possible thanks to the...
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Integrated development plans of the functional urban areas in Pomeranian region in Poland
PublicationThe European Commission put a growing emphasis on the territorial and integrated app roach to policy support addressed in the frame of regional policy. In a special way this process refers to cities along with their functional environment. In Poland the National Spatial Development Concept 2030 has introduced the concept of functional areas, among others – Functional Urban Areas (FUAs). There is...
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Media architecture for post-modern society - new forms of participation
PublicationThe article shows the relationship between the characteristics of the post-modern society, and the development of media architecture with the function of interactivity. In this context, the duality of the features of post-modern society was emphasized: taking into account its location between creativity and consumerism, as well as on the border between the real and virtual word. The development of media architecture has been linked...
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Identification of safety hazards and their sources in tram transport
PublicationBoth in Poland and in most countries of the European Union, the tram infrastructure is extensively expanding. Contemporary low-floor trams are constructed according to different technical assumptions than typical railway vehicles or high floor trams. In Poland such vehicles rides often on lines designed according to standards developed to the classical vehicles. At the same time, the intensity of road traffic and the number of...
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Revitalization of Sopot - The Seaside Spa Town in Poland
PublicationSopot is a Polish seaside resort. In the past - as early as at the beginning of the 20th century - this town was famous for the healing opportunities they created: good conditions for resting and recreation. This town was places where everyone with enough selfesteem was willing to be seen. Since the post-war reconstruction until 1989 (establishment of local governments in Poland), not much has happened in Polish cities in terms...
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Kompleksy fosfanylofosfidowe z grupami indenylowymi
PublicationPochodne litowe difosfanów są z powodzeniem stosowane jako prekursory ligandów fosfanylofosfinidenowego R2PP oraz fosfanylofosfidowego R2PP(SiMe3) w reakcjach z dichlorometalocenami. Rodzaj powstałych produktów w tego typu reakcjach, w dużej mierze zależy od podstawników w pierścieniu cyklopentadienylowym w cząsteczce metalocenu oraz od właściwości atomu metalu. Zastosowanie dichlorocyrkonocenów z grupami indenylowymi (Ind=C9H7)...
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Synteza kompleksów metali przejściowych z ligandami fosfanylofosfidenowymi
PublicationZaprezentowano wyniki badań dotyczących reaktywności pochodnych litowych difofanów wobec kompleksów metali przejściowych. Pochodne litowe difosfanów R2PP(SiMe3)Li od kilkunastu lat w Katedrze Chemii Nieorganicznej są używane jako prekursory ligandów fosfanylofosfidowego R2PP(SiMe3) oraz fosfanylofosfinidenowego R2PP. Przeprowadzono badania reaktywności dichlorocyrkonocenów wobec pochodnych litowych difosfanów. Stwierdzono, że...
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(Cyclopentadienyl){(N,N-dimethylaminoethyl)cyclopentadienyl} complexes of zirconium: Crystal structure of [(η5-C5H5)(η5-C5H4CH2CH2NHMe2)ZrCl2]2[ZrCl6]
Publication(C5H5)ZrCl3 reaguje z [C5H4-CH2CH2NMe2]Li dając polimer koordynacyjny {(C5H5)(C5H4-CH2CH2NMe2)ZrCl2}n, który z kolei w reakcji z HCl daje żółtozielone kryształy [(η5-C5H5)(η5-C5H4CH2CH2NHMe2)ZrCl2]2[ZrCl6]. Ten ostatni związek został scharakteryzowany za pomocą widm NMR oraz przy użyciu rentgenowskiej analizy strukturalnej. Utworzenie w/w związku wskazuje na oderwanie grup C5H5 oraz C5H4-CH2CH2NMe2 od centrum metalicznego Zr(IV).
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Modelling gene expression of a self-regulating protein
PublicationWe analyze a model of gene transcription and protein synthesis. We take into account the number of sites on the protein’s promoter at which the protein’s dimers can bind blocking transcription of protein mRNA.
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PANTOGRAPH AS AN EXAMPLE OF THE USE OF GEOMETRIC TRANSFORMATIONS IN CONSTRUCTING OF OLD DRAWING INSTRUMENTS = PANTOGRAF JAKO PRZYKŁAD ZASTOSOWANIA PRZEKSZTAŁCEŃ GEOMETRYCZNYCH W KONSTRUOWANIU DAWNYCH PRZYRZĄDÓW KREŚLARSKICH
PublicationThe article describes the pantograph, considered to be the ancestor of today's photocopier. This instrument draws the copies, enlarges or reduces any figure. The author presents its genesis, the scope of application in the past, explains the structure and geometrical transformations used during its action. Based on a specific example, the work illustrates practical application of geometry in the past inventions for designing.
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Metody zwiększania dostępności i efektywności informatycznej infrastruktury w inteligentnym mieście
PublicationW pracy omówiono metody zwiększania dostępności i efektywności informatycznej infrastruktury w inteligentnym mieście. Sformułowano dwa kryteria do oceny rozmieszczenia kluczowych zasobów w systemie smart city. Zobrazowano proces wyznaczania rozwiązań kompromisowych spośród rozwiązań Pareto-optymalnych. Omówiono metaheurystyki inteligencji zbiorowej, w tym roju cząstek, kolonii mrówek, roju pszczół oraz ewolucji różnicowej, za pomocą...
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The structure of the data flow in integrated urban traffic management systems – the case of TRISTAR system
PublicationThe purpose of the article is to offer some insight into the data flow architecture in the Tri-City’s integrated traffic management system called TRISTAR. To that end selected elements of TRISTAR are identified and described as well as the structure for collecting and exchanging data within different sub-systems. Finally, the article highlights how the TRISTAR system can be extended by adding new elements and modules.
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Influence of advertisement in social media in knowledge based economy
PublicationIn the era of knowledge based economies every year the number of companies that starting their advertising campaigns increase. According to Social Enterprise Report, 38% of leading companies in Poland have its profile on social networking sites. In this paper, we are going to introduce two case studies. The first one is the advertising campaign of Heyah based on the history of communism. The second case study is the continuation...
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A walk Around Gdańsk for Physicists
PublicationI provide a guide to Gdańsk (Danzig) and some of its suburbs, focusing on sites of particular interest to physicists. These include the Town Hall with the old Gdańsk standards of length at its entrance, the solar dial of 1588 on its corner, and its bell tower; the Naturalists Society; the medieval harbor crane; the medieval astronomical clock in St. Mary's Church; the late nineteenth-century lighthouse and time ball; and sites...
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How acidic amino acid residues facilitate DNA target site selection
PublicationDespite the negative charge of the DNA backbone, acidic residues (Asp/Glu) commonly participate in the base readout, with a strong preference for cytosine. In fact, in the solved DNA/protein structures, cytosine is recognized almost exclusively by Asp/Glu through a direct hydrogen bond, while at the same time, adenine, regardless of its amino group, shows no propensity for Asp/Glu. Here, we analyzed the contribution of Asp/Glu...
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Posttraumatic Orbital Emphysema: A Numerical Model
PublicationOrbital emphysema is a common symptom accompanying orbital fracture. The pathomechanism is still not recognized and the usually assumed cause, elevated pressure in the upper airways connected with sneezing or coughing, does not always contribute to the occurrence of this type of fracture. Observations based on the finite model (simulating blowout type fracture) of the deformations of the inferior orbital wall after a strike in...
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Seismic probabilistic assessment of steel and reinforced concrete structures including earthquake-induced pounding
PublicationRecent earthquakes demonstrate that prioritizing the retrofitting of buildings should be of the utmost importance for enhancing the seismic resilience and structural integrity of urban structures. To have a realistic results of the pounding effects in modeling process of retrofitting buildings, the present research provides seismic Probability Factors (PFs), which can be used for estimating collision effects without engaging in...
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Curing characteristics, mechanical and thermal properties of reclaimed ground tire rubber cured with various vulcanizing systems
PublicationGround tire rubber was thermo-mechanical reclaimed at 120 °C using a co-rotating twin screw extruder. The effect of vulcanizing system type on curing characteristics, static mechanical properties (tensile strength, elongation-at-break, hardness and resilience), dynamic mechanical properties and thermal properties of reclaimed ground tire rubber was investigated. Reclaimed rubber was cured using different types of vulcanization...
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The Relationships Between BTEX, NOx, and O3 Concentrations in Urban Air in Gdansk and Gdynia, Poland
PublicationThis paper presents the results of atmospheric air quality research conducted in the areas of two shipyard cities: Gdansk and Gdynia (Poland), in the period between March and December 2011. The purpose of the research was focused on determination of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) compounds in atmospheric air. Passive sampling technique, with Radiello® diffusive passive samplers, was used for BTEX sample collection...
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Sustainable Development of Water Housing Using the Example of Poland: An Analysis of Scenarios
PublicationAt the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries, Polish cities began the process of returning to live by water. There is a growing interest in water reservoirs not only as places for recreation, but also as new areas suitable for living, at the very center of the city. Unfortunately, due to the lack of appropriate legal regulations, the dynamic development of floating homes (FHs) is starting to raise increasing concerns in Poland. Regardless...
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Light formed through urban morphology and different organism groups: First findings from a systematic review
PublicationThe prevailing implementation and usage of contemporary lighting technologies and design practices in cities have created over-illuminated built environments. Recent studies indicate that exposure to electric lighting effects formed through spatial characteristics has visual, physiological, and behavioural effects on both humans and non-humans, such as wildlife. In order to gain a better understanding of the impact that electric...
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Dependence of Housing Real Estate Prices on Inflation as One of the Most Important Factors: Poland’s Case
PublicationThe study aimed to examine the impact of inflation on the real estate market using Polish panel data for the last 13 years. It is based on a panel model, where price changes of one square meter of housing are determined as a function in changes of inflation, the central bank's base rate, dwellings built, as well as new mortgage loans. The quarterly dynamics of the average price of 1 square meter of housing in...
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Detection of Anomalies in the Operation of a Road Lighting System Based on Data from Smart Electricity Meters
PublicationSmart meters in road lighting systems create new opportunities for automatic diagnostics of undesirable phenomena such as lamp failures, schedule deviations, or energy theft from the power grid. Such a solution fits into the smart cities concept, where an adaptive lighting system creates new challenges with respect to the monitoring function. This article presents research results indicating the practical feasibility of real‐time...
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A unified approach to the analysis of electric energy and fuel consumption of cars in city traffic
PublicationForecasting fuel and electricity consumption is an important factor determining the direction of changes in road engineering solutions, traffic management, selection of routes for public transport and development more efficient car drive systems. With a reliable and easy-to-use computational tool, it is possible to reduce the consumption of primary energy sources and reduce the emission of toxic compounds in cities. An analysis...