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Search results for: DCB
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Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)
PublicationW rozdziale opisano właściwości PCB, źródła zanieczyszczenia środowiska tymi związkami, ich biodegradację oraz transformacje w środowisku, biokumulację, biowzbogacanie oraz wpływ na zdrowie człowieka. Opisano również procesy destrukcji PCBs oraz regulacje prawne dotyczace tej grupy związków
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BEZPRZEWODOWY SYSTEM MONITOROWANIA WARUNKÓW WEWNĄTRZ SZKLARNIOWYCH
PublicationW referacie zaprezentowano projekt oraz realizację bezprzewodowego systemu do monitorowania parametrów panujących wewnątrz szklarni, takich jak temperatura, wilgotność powietrza i wilgotność gleby. W artykule przedstawiono zasadę działania systemu oraz schematy blokowe, elektryczne i PCB wykonanych urządzeń.
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Cascaded Buck Hybrid Interlink Converter for Multiple-Input / Multiple-Output Operation
PublicationThe provision of isolated- and non-isolated DC output voltages by Power electronics power-conditioning devices in the recent ‘green-energy-revolution’ era is on course. In this paper, a structure for multi-input multi-output(MIMO) DC–DC buck converter is proposed to generate output voltages of varying levels with fewer component-count. The DC output voltage of each of the constituting buck converters can be used independently or...
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Enhancing seismic performance of buckling-restrained brace frames equipped with innovative bracing systems
PublicationNowadays, to improve the performance of conventional bracing systems, in which, buckling in the pressure loads is the main disadvantage, the buckling-restrained brace (BRB) is introduced as a solution. In this study, the performance of the BRB system was improved with innovative lateral-resisting systems of double-stage yield buckling-restrained brace (DYB), and a combination of DYB improved with shape memory alloy (SMA) materials...
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Influence of conductive carbon and MnCo2O4 on morphological and electrical properties of hydrogels for electrochemical energy conversion
PublicationIn this work, a strategy for one-stage synthesis of polymer composites based on PNIPAAm hydrogel was presented. Both conductive particles in the form of conductive carbon black (cCB) and MnCo2O4 (MCO) spinel particles were suspended in the three-dimensional structure of the hydrogel. The MCO particles in the resulting hydrogel composite acted as an electrocatalyst in the oxygen evolution reaction. Morphological studies confirmed...
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Performance Evaluation of a 650V E-HEMT GaN Power Switch
PublicationGaN power switches have better characteristics compared to the state-of-the-art Si power transistors. These devices offer high operating temperature and current densities, fast switching and low on-resistance. However, currently only a few producers offer technology of high voltage GaN transistors. Immaturity of this technology is the reason why experimental evaluation of GaN parameters must be performed to properly exploit their...
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Sposób prognozowania kąta ścinania w strefie skrawania przy przecinaniu drewna
PublicationPrzedstawiono nowe podejście do określania kąta ścinania w strefie skrawania z zastosowaniem współczesnej mechaniki pękania. Do rozwiązania nieliniowego równania opisującego wspomniany kąt zastosowano metodę numeryczną (iteracyjną) Newtona-Raphsona. Przedstawiono wyniki obliczeń dla drewna miękkiego (sosna) i twardego (dąb).
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Environmental fate and global distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls
PublicationArtykuł o charakterze przeglądowym. Działy obejmują globalne rozmieszczenie oraz los środowiskowy analitów z grupy polichlorowanych bifenyli (PCB). Autorzy szczególny nacisk położyli na omówienie kwestii losu środowiskowego polichlorowanych bifenyli, a więc procesów: biodegradacji, transformacji, adsorpcji do materii organicznej, a także bioakumulacji, biokoncentracji i biomagnifikacji.
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Comparison of different techniques for extracting Polychlorinated Biphenyls from bottom sediment samples using Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry
PublicationIn this work, problems that may occur during determination of trace levels of polychlorinated biphenyls in sediment samples are described. The main error sources are connected with extraction of analytes prior to final determination. During model studies, polychlorinated biphenyls have been extracted from sediment reference material (METRANAL 2) with the use of different solvents (dichloromethane, hexane, and toluene); the process...
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Concentration and sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in surface soil near a municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill
PublicationDue to a continuous demand of land for infrastructural and residential development there is a public concern about the condition of surface soil near municipal solid waste landfills. A total of 12 surface (0–20 cm) soil samples from a territory near a landfill were collected and the concentration of 16 PAHs and 7 PCB congeners were investigated in these samples. Limits of detection were in the range of 0.038–1.2 μg/kg for PAHs...
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‘Green’ multi - residue methods for the determination of high importance currently used pesticides in environmental samples
PublicationThe purpose of the research has been to develop and apply ‘green’ analytical methodologies to control and monitor the level of currently used pesticides from different chemical groups in aqueous samples. For extraction of analytes solid - phase microextraction (SPME) and dispersive liquid - liquid microextraction (DLLME) have been applied and compared. For SPME, commonly used materials for coating fibers include: polydimethylsiloxane...
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Physical, Chemical and Biological Changes in the Gulf of Gdańsk Ecosystem (Southern Baltic Sea).
PublicationPrzedstawiono fizyczne, chemiczne i biologiczne zmiany zachodzące w ekosystemie Zatoki Gdańskiej (Południowy Bałtyk. Opisano klimat (temp. wody, opady poziom morza, zasolenie), fluktuację stężeń związków biogennych (azotany,fosforany, krzemiany), poziom organicznych zanieczyszczeń (POP´s, PcB´, pestycydy, WWA) oraz zmiany w biologicznym życiu morza.
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MULTIEQUATION MODELS AS DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS FOR MEASURING THE OPERATIONAL FLUIDITY OF THE CONTAINER HANDLING TERMINAL
PublicationThe article presents the continuation of the authors’ research on the problem of the operational fluidity of cargo handling sea terminals, based on the example of the DCT. The article presents a solution based on the multiequation models and applied to analyze the operational fluidity of terminals in the transshipment and feeder relation. To provide a solution to the problem of the functioning of sea-land supply chains at the terminal,...
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An Empirical Propagation Model for Mobile Radio Links in Container Terminal Environment
PublicationIn this paper, a novel empirical propagation model for mobile radio links in a container terminal environment is presented. Measurement propagation research carried out in the Deepwater Container Terminal (DCT) in Gdańsk, Poland is described, and the investigated environment is characterized. The results of the statistical evaluation of the new model are discussed. In addition, statistical tuning of the Walfisch–Ikegami model for...
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Path Loss Analysis in Off-Body Channels in Indoor Environment
PublicationThis temporary document describes an analysis of path loss in off-body channels in an indoor environment. The influence of body orientation and on-body antenna placement on path loss in off-body communications as well as of different bodies has been investigated. Five static scenarios, six distances between body and antenna and eight body orientations were analysed; moreover, two dynamic scenarios were investigated. The smallest...
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High Isolation Metamaterial-based Dual-band MIMO Antenna for 5G Millimeter-wave Applications
PublicationThis article presents a high-isolation metamaterial-based dual-band multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna for 5G millimeter-wave communication networks. The proposed antenna is a pentagon-shaped monopole that provides a dual-band response with a wide operating bandwidth at 5G 28/28 bands. The antenna is printed on 0.508-mm-thick Rogers RT5880 substrate of relative permittivity ɛr =2.2. It exhibits a small physical size...
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Kanał zwrotny w naziemnej telewizji interakrywnej
PublicationArtykuł przedstawia strukturę bezprzewodowego kanału zwrotnego w telewizji cyfrowej DVB-T. Omówiono organizację dostępu do kanału, sposób transmisji danych oraz metody zabezpieczenia sygnału przed błędami transmisji. Zaprezentowano różne warianty rozwiązań kanału zwrotnego, które umożliwiają dostosowanie transmisji sygnału w kanale zwrotnym do lokalnych właściwości propagacyjnych.
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Naziemna telewizja cyfrowa z kanałem zwrotnym
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono zasadę funkcjonowania cyfrowej telewizji interaktywnej. Omówiono system transmisji w kanale zwrotnym, skojarzonym z głównym kanałem rozsiewczym naziemnej telewizji cyfrowej DVB-T. Przedstawiono sposób dostępu do kanału zwrotnego, modulację i zabezpieczenie przed błędami sygnału w tym kanale oraz wariantowe możliwości wykorzystania kanału zwrotnego.
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User Mobility’s Influence on System Loss in Off-Body BAN Scenarios
PublicationIn this paper, a measurement campaign for off-body communications in an indoor environment is investigated for a set of on-body antennas. The channel impulse response was measured with the user approaching and departing from an off-body fixed antenna using two user dynamics: standing at fixed positions and walking. The processing of the measurement data allowed to evaluate system loss statistics. Different antenna configurations...
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Mobility’s Influence on System Loss in Off-Body BAN Scenarios
PublicationIn this paper, a measurement campaign for off body communications in an indoor environment is investigated for a set of on-body antennas. The channel impulse response was measured with the user approaching and departing from an off-body fixed antenna using two user dynamics, standing at fixed positions and walking. The processing of the measurement data allowed to evaluate system loss statistics. Different antenna configurations...
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Power Electronics Building Blocks for implementing Smart MV/LV Distribution Transformers for Smart Grid
PublicationWith an observed increase in the involvement of active consumers in activities aimed at improving energy efficiency and increasing interest in producing energy from renewable sources, there is a need for the development of new technologies enabling the distribution network operators to offer new services and functionalities. Smart MV/LV distribution transformers are characterized by a compact three-stage design, including an...
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Contamination of Runoff Water at Gdańsk Airport (Poland) by Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs)
PublicationAirport runoff can contain high concentrations of various pollutants, in particular polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), the environmental levels of which have to be monitored. Airport runoff water samples, collected at the Gdańsk-Rębiechowo Airport from 2008 to 2009, were analysed for PAHs and PCBs by gas chromatography. The aromatic fractions were separated by liquid-liquid extraction...
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Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in bottom sediments: Identification of sources
PublicationPolychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) can enter the environment from various sources. They are synthetic chemicals and as such are present in the environment mainly as mixtures containing various amounts of PCB congeners. It is therefore difficult to pinpoint the source of PCB emissions into the environment and the pathways along which they migrate there. The situation is different where locating the emission sources of polycyclic aromatic...
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The accuracy of alternative stock valuation methods – the case of the Warsaw Stock Exchange
PublicationThe main aim of this article is to examine the accuracy of different methods of share valuation used by Polish analysts in reports prepared in order to issue recommendations for companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. In the literature on the subject, the view which prevails is that the more sophisticated methods, i.e. those taking into account the discounting process, are characterised by higher valuation accuracy. However,...
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The Quality of the Outflow from Conventional WWTPs and Treatment Wetlands
PublicationUntil recently the humic substances were considered to have no negative impact on human health. Therefore elimination of these substances from potable water was only performed due to aesthetic reasons. In the recent years, however, it was found out that humic substances may cause unacceptable smell of water or cumulate toxic substances by complexing metal ions and adsorption of persistent organic pollutants such as pesticides,...
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Residual current devices in electric vehicles charging installations
PublicationThe main requirements of national regulations and international standards regarding protection against electric shock in electric vehicle charging installations are presented. The principles of using residual current devices (RCDs) in such installations are discussed. It is pointed out that RCDs are mandatory equipment for safe charging of electric vehicles. It is noted that the standards require the use of RCDs having an appropriate...
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Design of Compact and Wideband Groove Gap Waveguide-Based Directional Couplers
PublicationThis paper proposes a compact cross-shaped groove gap waveguide structure for creating wideband and compact directional couplers with different coupling levels. Groove gap waveguide technology is applied to overcome fabrication challenges of printed and hollow waveguide structures in high frequency bands. The validity of the novel concept is demonstrated through the design and evaluation of several compact broadband directional...
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Radio Channel Measurements in 868 MHz Off-Body Communications in a Ferry Environment
PublicationIn this paper, a characterization of the 868 MHz off-body radio channel in BANs is presented. Measurements were carried out in a ferry environment using a specific set-up. A method for path loss using radio distance measurements (RDMs) was developed. It allows to automate the measurements process and make it independent from the variable speed of a moving person. Based on the observed path loss as a function of distance, the obtained...
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3-monochloro-1,2-propandiol w produktach żywnościowych
Publication3-monochloro-1,2-propandiol (3-MCPD) jest związkiem należącym do grupy zanieczyszczeń żywności zwanych chloropropanolami. Powstaje on w produktach żywnościowych poddanych działaniu podwyższonej temperatury. Po raz pierwszy jako zanieczyszczenie żywności został zidentyfikowany w 1978 roku w roślinnych hydrolizatach białkowych i produktach pochodnych takich jak sosy sojowe. Później jego obecność wykryto w wielu popularnych produktach...
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Solid and liquid fractionation of sugarcane and Agave bagasse during ozonolysis and enzymatic hydrolysis: Impact on biohydrogen and biogas production
PublicationSustainable and cost-efficient lignocellulosic biomass-to-energy bioprocesses require assessing the main components released during biomass fractionation. This study assessed the mesophilic biochemical potential of biohydrogen (BHP) and methane production (BMP) from sugarcane bagasse (SCB) and cooked (CAB) and uncooked (UAB) Agave bagasse. A systematic comparative analysis was performed for the liquid and solid fractions derived...
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Synthesis of N-doped TiO2 nanoparticles with enhanced photocatalytic activity for 2,4-dichlorophenol degradation and H2 production
PublicationNitrogen-doped titanium dioxide (N-TiO2) nanoparticles were prepared using a modified sol-gel method. The as-prepared nanoparticles were characterized by state-of-the-art techniques for their optical, structural and morphological properties. The crystallite size, surface area and bandgap energy of reference TiO2 and N-TiO2 nanoparticles were found to be 16.1 and 10.9 nm, 83.6 and 131.8 m2 g−1 and 3.23 and 2.89 eV, respectively....
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Helium-assisted, solvent-free electro-activation of 3D printed conductive carbon-polylactide electrodes
PublicationFused filament fabrication is one of the most rapidly developing 3D printing techniques, with numerous applications, including in the field of applied electrochemistry. Here, the utilisation of conductive carbon black polylactic acid (CB-PLA) for 3D printouts is the most promising. To use CB-PLA as an electrode material, an activation process must be performed, removing the polymer matrix and uncovering the electrically conductive...
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Structure and performance properties of environmentally-friendly biocomposites based on poly(ɛ-caprolactone) modified with copper slag and shale drill cuttings wastes
PublicationThe potential application of two types of industrial wastes, drill cuttings (DC) and copper slag (CS), as silica-rich modifiers of poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) was investigated. Chemical structure and physical properties of DC and CS fillers were characterized using X-ray diffractometer, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, particle size and density measurements. PCL/DC and PCL/CS composites with a variable content of filler (5 to 50...
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System Loss in UWB Off-Body Communications in a Ferry Environment
PublicationIn this paper, the system loss in UWB off-body communications in a ferry environment based on measurements is presented. A mobile measurement set-up, consisting of WBAN nodes with UWB DWM1000 modules, was used. System loss was split into LOS and NLOS conditions. For the former, the smallest mean value, 24.4 dB, was obtained for the user approaching the fixed terminal, with the antenna on his chest, and the largest, 28.1 dB, for...
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Design and Optimization of Metamaterial-Based Dual-Band 28/38 GHz 5G MIMO Antenna with Modified Ground for Isolation and Bandwidth Improvement
PublicationThis letter presents a high-isolation dual-band multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna based on the ground plane modification and optimized metamaterials (MMs) for 5G millimeter-wave applications. The antenna is a monopole providing a dual-band response at 5G 28/38 bands with a small physical size (4.8 × 2.9 × 0.762 mm3, excluding the feeding line). The MIMO consists of two symmetric radiating elements arranged adjacently...
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Locally sculptured modification of the electrochemical response of conductive poly(lactic acid) 3D prints by femtosecond laser processing
PublicationThis manuscript presents an approach to sculpture high electrochemical activity of the 3D printed electrodes with poly(lactic acid) (PLA) matrix and carbon black (CB) filler by femtosecond laser (FSL) ablation. CB-PLA utility for electrochemical applications depends on a surface modification aiming to remove the PLA and uncover the conductive CB. We have discussed how laser pulse energy is critical for such an activation process....
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MODEL HYBRYDOWEGO ENERGOELEKTRONICZNEGO UKŁADU ZASILANIA WIELOSYSTEMOWYCH ZESPOŁÓW TRAKCYJNYCH (EZT)
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono model układu hybrydowego energoelektronicznego układu zasilania wielosystemowych zespołów trakcyjnych - EZT. Istota proponowanego rozwiązania zawiera się w zastosowaniu do obniżenia napięcia sieci trakcyjnej, zamiast tradycyjnego ciężkiego transformatora trakcyjnego (chłodzonego olejem) - suchego autotransformatora pracującego z częstotliwością sieci kolejowej oraz izolacji galwanicznej od sieci trakcyjnej....
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Application of commercial supercapacitor modules in autonomic photovoltaic installations
PublicationDynamiczny rozwój technologii i konstrukcji superkondensatorów, napędzany głównie potrzebami przemysłu motoryzacyjnego pozwala na stwierdzenie, że stają się one coraz bardziej realną alternatywą dla konwencjonalnych akumulatorów stosowanych w autonomicznych instalacjach fotowoltaicznych.Za ich stosowaniem przemawiają takie zalety jak: możliwość szybkiego ładowania i rozładowania, wielokrotnie wyższa trwałość, bezobsługowość eksploatacji...
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Smart MV/LV distribution transformer for Smart Grid with active prosumer participation
PublicationWraz z rozwojem sieci dystrybucyjnych i ich stopniowym przekształcaniem w inteligentne sieci typu Smart Grid będzie rosłoznaczenie i udział sterowanych układów przekształtnikowych mocy stosowanych jako interfejsy pomiędzy źródłami energii a sieciąoraz pomiędzy siecią a odbiorcami. W artykule rozwinięto koncepcję wymiany konwencjonalnych transformatorów dystrybucyjnych50 Hz na inteligentne transformatory dystrybucyjne. Zaproponowano...
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Inteligentny transformator dystrybucyjny SN/nn dla sieci Smart Grid o aktywnym udziale prosumentów
PublicationWraz z rozwojem sieci dystrybucyjnych i ich stopniowym przekształcaniem w inteligentne sieci typu Smart Grid będzie rosłoznaczenie i udział sterowanych układów przekształtnikowych mocy stosowanych jako interfejsy pomiędzy źródłami energii a sieciąoraz pomiędzy siecią a odbiorcami. W artykule rozwinięto koncepcję wymiany konwencjonalnych transformatorów dystrybucyjnych50 Hz na inteligentne transformatory dystrybucyjne. Zaproponowano...
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Radio Channel Measurements in Body-to-Body Communications in Different Scenarios
PublicationThis paper presents body-to-body radio channel measurements at the 2.45 GHz band, for different body motion scenarios and on-body antenna placements, and both indoor and outdoor environments. Measurement equipment, investigated scenarios and considered environments are described, an initial analysis of results being presented. The mean path loss and the standard deviation depend on the mutual location of transmitting and receiving...
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Radio Channel Measurements in Body-to-Body Communications in Different Scenarios
PublicationThis paper presents body-to-body radio channel measurements at the 2.45 GHz band, for different body motion scenarios and on-body antenna placements, and both indoor and outdoor environments. Measurement equipment, investigated scenarios and considered environments are described, an initial analysis of results being presented. The mean path loss and the standard deviation depend on the mutual location of transmitting and receiving...
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Evolution of the HVDC Link Connecting Offshore Wind Farms to Onshore Power Systems
PublicationThis paper presents an overview of the DC link development and evolution dedicated to HVDC structure for connecting offshore wind power plants to onshore power systems. The growing demand for the green energy has forced investors in power industry to look for resources further out at sea. Hence, the development of power electronics and industrial engineering has enabled offshore wind farms to be situated further from the shore...
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Efektywność odbioru rake w interfesjie radiowym wcdma/fdd w łączu w górę
PublicationW referacie przedstawiono wyniki badań, przeprowadzonych w oparciu o własne oprogramowanie symulujące pracę systemu UMTS, obrazujące wpływ długo-ści ciągu pilotowego na efektywność odbioru RAKE, dla różnych warunków propagacyjnych w łączu w górę. Ponad-to przedstawiono strukturę ramki dedykowanego kału transportowego DCH oraz formaty ramki kanału sterujące-go DPCCH w interfejsie radiowym WCDMA/FDD systemu UMTS.
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System Loss Model for Body Area Networks in Room Scenarios
PublicationThis paper presents an analysis of system loss in Body Area Networks for room scenarios, based on a wideband measurement campaign at 5.8 GHz. The measurements were performed with a fixed antenna transmitting vertically and horizontally polarised signals, while the user wears dualpolarised antennas. The average system losses in co- and crosspolarised channels are 41.4 and 42.6 dB for vertically polarised transmitted signals and...
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Dynamic characteristics of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell module
PublicationThe paper describes a fuel cell based system and its performance. The system is based on two fuel cell units, DC/DC converter, DC/AC inverter, microprocessor control unit, load unit, bottled hydrogen supply system and a set of measurement instruments. In the study presented in the paper a dynamic response of the proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell system to unit step change load as well as to periodical load changing cycles...
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Spectroscopic and magnetic studies of highly dispersible superparamagnetic silica coated magnetite nanoparticles
PublicationSuperparamagnetic behavior in aqueously well dispersible magnetite core-shell Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles is presented. The magnetic properties of core-shell nanoparticles were measured with use of the DC, AC magnetometry and EPR spectroscopy. Particles were characterized by HR-TEM and Raman spectroscopy, showing a crystalline magnetic core of 11.5 ± 0.12 nm and an amorphous silica shell of 22 ± 1.5 nm in thickness. The DC, AC magnetic...
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Feedline Alterations for Optimization-Based Design of Compact Super-Wideband MIMO Antennas in Parallel Configuration
PublicationThis letter presents a technique for size reduction of wideband multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antennas. Our approach is a two-stage procedure. At the first stage, the antenna structure is modified to improve its impedance matching. This is achieved through incorporation of an n-section tapered feedline, followed by reoptimization of geometry parameters. Reducing the maximum in-band reflection well beyond the acceptance...
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TIME-OF-FLIGHT DIFFERENTIAL ELECTRON SCATTERING FROM MOLECULAR TARGETS: BENCHMARK CROSS SECTIONS
PublicationWe report time-of-flight differential cross section (DCS) measurements for the electron impact excitation transition in H2. In this work, agreement between available theory and experiment is excellent overall, and marks a transition in electron molecule scattering where differential scattering of excitation is found to be in such precise agreement. We also prove that the newly built apparatus can be used for accurate measurement...
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Wpływ konfiguracji elektrod pomiarowych oraz parametrów pomiaru na EDR
PublicationW pracy przebadano wplyw wybranych konfiguracji elektrod na jakość uzyskiwanego sygnału EDR. Analizie poddane zostały również częstotliwość próbkowania sygnału EKG i rozdzielczość przetwornika AC/DC. Optymalną konfiguracją elektrod jest odprowadzenie kończynowe pierwsze. Minimalne parametry układu pomiarowego do uzyskania wysokiej jakości sygnału EDR, to częstotliwość probkowania 2,5kHz oraz 14-bitowy przetwornik AC-DC.