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Vision Zero in Poland
PublikacjaPoland’s experience of road safety work is relatively short. In the early 1990s road deaths soared to a staggering 8000 a year. A diagnosis found that Poland’s lack of systemic road safety action was to blame for those figures. In response, the state set up road safety bodies and commissioned road safety programs. In 2005, Poland followed the example of Sweden and adopted Vision Zero as a far-reaching concept of changes in road...
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Analysis and design improvement of high class roads’ arched sections in Poland
PublikacjaAlthough Polish road network standards, in particular higher classes of roads are improving dynamically the number of fatalities on the network is still higher that EU’s average. Ensuring road safety and high maintaining standards is a complex issue and one that poses a major challenge for all road authorities. Road accidents at high speed roads characterize specially serious material and social consequences, thus research into...
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Recycling of Waste Rubber by Thermo-Mechanical Treatment in a Twin-Screw Extruder
PublikacjaRecycling of waste tires is a significant issue considering both environmental and economic aspects. One of the leading recycling routes is the shredding of tires resulting in the generation of ground tire rubber. This material can be easily introduced into various polymer matrices as a filler, reducing the use of conventionally applied petroleum-based materials. In such cases, it is essential to ensure sufficient interfacial compatibility,...
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Zastosowanie oprogramowania COMSIS do oceny dynamicznej odporności na zakłócenia cyfrowych układów kombinacyjnych.
PublikacjaWyniki badania odporności układów cyfrowych na zakłócenie dynamiczne w istotny sposób zależą od parametrów sygnału stymulującego. Proponowana metodyka zakłada pobudzanie badanego układu sygnałem szumu białego o określonej szerokości pasma częstotliwości. Badania symulacyjne z modelem układu progowego oraz szybkiego komparatora z histerezą przeprowadzono w środowisku COMSIS. Uzyskane wyniki potwierdzają, że im węższe pasmo szumu...
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Experiences and Challenges in Fatality Reduction on Polish Roads
PublikacjaAccording to the UN, road safety is the key to achieving sustainable development goals, yet the complexity of how road accidents happen makes this a difficult challenge leaving many countries struggling with the problem. For years, Poland has infamously been one of the EU’s top countries for road-accident fatality rates. Despite that, it has made significant progress in the last thirty years with a fatality reduction of more than...
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Adaptive traffic optimization using Variable Speed Limits; Adaptacyjna optymalizacja ruchu drogowego przy pomocy zmiennych ograniczeń prędkości
PublikacjaVariable speed limits (VSL) is an intelligent transportation system (ITS) solution for traffic management. The speed limits can be changed dynamically in order to adapt to traffic, weather, or road surface conditions. This paper presents an approach for such an adaptive traffic control where the primary goal is to ensure traffic safety and efficiency of the traffic control system (fast response to dynamically changing traffic,...
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Creating Acoustic Maps Employing Supercomputing Cluster
PublikacjaThe implemented online urban noise pollution monitoring system is presented with regard to its conceptual assumptions and technical realization. A concept of the noise source parameters dynamic assessment is introduced. The idea of noise modeling, based on noise emission characteristics and emission simulations, was developer and practically utilized in the system. Furthermore, the working system architecture and the data acquisition...
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Katedra Inżynierii Drogowej. Zakład Budowy Dróg.
PublikacjaDepartment of Highway Engineering is divided into two divisions: Road Construction Division and Traffic Engineering Division. The head of Road Construction Division is Prof. J. Judycki. There are nine members of division: professor, three PhD, two MSc, two technicians and secretary. The main areas of research activities are: analysis of flexible, semi-rigid and rigid pavements, resistance of asphalt pavement to permanent deformation,...
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Why are trees still such a major hazard to drivers in Poland?
PublikacjaRoadside trees are one of Poland's most serious road safety issues. Since 2009 more than 2800 people have been killed as a result of tree collisions; this represents about 15% of all of Poland's accident fatalities between 2009 and 2013. In some of the country's regions striking a tree caused more than 30% of all road accident fatalities. With no proper regulations, guidelines or examples of good practice, roadside environments...
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Methods of estimating the cost of traffic safety equipment’s life cycle
Publikacjan the article, the authors discuss the preliminary information necessary to determine the scope and direction of further research conducted within the project called “The influence of time and operating conditions on the durability and functionality of road safety elements”. The main objective of the project is to develop the concept of a method for optimizing the life cycle costs of road safety devices. The authors draw attention...
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Pedestrian safety management using the risk-based approach
PublikacjaThe paper presents a concept of a multi-level pedestrian safety management system. Three management levels are distinguished: strategic, tactical and operational. The basis for the proposed approach to pedestrian safety management is a risk-based method. In the approach the elements of behavioural and systemic theories were used, allowing for the development of a formalised and repeatable procedure integrating the phases of risk...
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Hałaśliwość silników asynchronicznych – podstawy nowych hipotez
PublikacjaArtykuł zawiera nowe spojrzenie na hałas emitowany przez silniki asynchroniczne. Poprzez wykonane badania akustyczne z analizami widmowymi określono związki przyczynowo-skutkowe powstawania drgań i hałasu przy zasilaniu sieciowymch i przekształtnikowym. Na podstawie wyznaczonych charakterystyk kierunkowych ciśnienia akustycznego silników sformułowano hipotezę, że rola tarcz łożyskowych w emitowaniu hałasu przez silnik może być...
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On cooperative image denoising
PublikacjaIn this paper we suggest how several competing image denoising algorithms, differing in design parameters, or even in design principles, can be combined together to yield a better and more reliable denoising algorithm. The proposed fusion mechanism allows one to combine practically all kinds of noise reduction tools. It also allows one to account for the distribution of measurement noise, and in particular - to cope with heavy-tailed...
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Fluctuation-Enhanced Sensing of Organic Vapors by Ink-Printed MoS2 Devices under UV Irradiation
PublikacjaThis work presents the results of fluctuationenhanced sensing (FES) of selected organic gases by MoS2 sensor fabricated via a simple ink printing method. We demonstrate that low-frequency noise measured under UV irradiation (275 nm) is more sensitive to different gases than measured in the dark. The noise at 1 Hz under UV light increased 3.3, 3.5, 1.6, and 2.9 times for chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, and acetone ambiances, respectively....
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Modelling the loss of time caused by traffic incidents on motorways
PublikacjaFor each road incident important factors like location, capacity reduction, traffic management, duration of road incidents and amount of traffic should be defined. All performer operations and effects of incidents affect the capacity of the road, average speed, time loss, vehicle queues and traffic jams. In the article road incidents were divided into planned and unexpected. Statistical analysis prepared using the database of traffic...
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The safety issue of roadside advertising – comparison of polish and abu dhabi regulations
PublikacjaIn Poland a large number of advertisements are located by the roadside. These ads do not support road traffic management and unlike the road marking system are not subject to any regulations. The advertiser’s goal is to communicate a message to as many recipients as possible. Drivers with different individual abilities, such as attention focusing, eye accommodation, speed of information processing, can be distracted, blinded or...
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Zastosowanie sieci neuronowych do detekcji impulsów o znanym kształcie w obecności silnego szumu i trendu
PublikacjaDetekcja impulsów w odebranym sygnale radiowym, zwłaszcza w obecności silnego szumu oraz trendu, jest trudnym zadaniem. Artykuł przedstawia propozycje rozwiązań wykorzystujących sieci neuronowe do detekcji impulsów o znanym kształcie w obecności silnego szumu i trendu. Na potrzeby realizacji tego zadania zaproponowano dwie architektury. W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań wpływu kształtu impulsu, mocy zakłóceń szumowych oraz trendu...
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Long-term comparative evaluation of an acoustic climate in selected schools before and after the acoustic treatment
PublikacjaThe results of long-term continuous noise measurements in two selected schools are presented in the paper. Noise characteristics were measured continuously there for approximately 16 months. Measurements started eight months prior to the acoustic treatment of the school corridors of both schools. An evaluation of the acoustic climates in both schools, before and after the acoustic treatment, was performed based on comparison of...
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Supercomputing Grid-Based Services for Hearing Protection and Acoustical Urban Planning, Research and Education
PublikacjaSpecific computational environments, so-called domain grids, are developed within the PLGrid Plus project in order to prepare specialized IT solutions, i.e., dedicated software implementations and hardware (infrastructure adaptation), suited for particular research group demands. One of the PLGrid Plus domain grids, presented in this paper, is Acoustics. The article describes in detail two kinds of the acoustic domain services....
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Hazardous gases detection by fluctuation-enhanced gas sensing
PublikacjaW pracy przedstawiono układ pomiarowy oraz metodę za pomocą której można jednym rezystancyjnym czujnikiem gazów wykrywać dwa gazy: amoniak i siarkowodór. Podano wskaźnik jaki pozwala dokonać detekcji tych gazów już przy stężeniach rzędu pojedynczych ppm. Przebadano także powtarzalność wyników pomiarów w kilku egzemplarzach czujników.
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OPTIMAL WAVELET CHOICE IN ELECTROCHEMICAL EXPERIMENTS
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Optimal wavelet choice in electrochemical experiments
PublikacjaW ostatnich latach obserwuje się wzrost zainteresowania łączeniem eksperymentów elektrochemicznych z nowoczesnymi technikami analizy sygnałów. Jednym z najbardziej obiecujących kierunków jest analiza falkowa. W omawianym przypadku istnieje wybór pomiędzy różnymi rodzinami falek w zależności od wymogów danego eksperymentu. W pracy omówione zostały wyniki zastosowania różnych typów falek do analizy szumów elektrochemicznych o różnym...
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ANALYSIS OF CLIMATIC ZONES IN POLAND WITH REGARD TO ASPHALT PERFORMANCE GRADING
PublikacjaTowards the end of the last century a new system of bitumen grading was developed and implemented as part of the American Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP). Its aim was to better adjust the testing methods and requirements for road bitumens to the actual conditions in which those bitumens serve in road pavements. Currently in Poland, similarly as in the other EU countries, road bitumens are tested and classified with regard...
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Assessing vehicle restraint systems on horizontal curves
PublikacjaHorizontal curves, an element of road infrastructure, have a statistically high number of accidents. Considering that horizontal curves in the last ten years have had app. 10% of all road accidents representing app. 14% of all fatalities on Polish roads, the issue is serious and requires more research and proper road safety treatments. Data for 2007 - 2016 show that in the case of accidents on horizontal curves app. 45% of the...
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Polish Experience of Implementing Vision Zero
PublikacjaPurpose of Review The aim of this study is to present an outline and the principles of Poland’s road safety strategic programming as it has developed over the last 25 years since the first Integrated Road Safety System with a strong focus on Sweden’s “Vision Zero”. Recent Findings Countries that have successfully improved road safety have done so by following strategies centred around the idea that people are not infallible and...
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Roads unsafety - social costs
PublikacjaThe condition of road safety has a significant impact on the quality of citizens' life. Yearly, one in a hundred families in Poland suffers because of road accidents. It is affected by them not only in material terms but first and foremost in moral terms. Road accidents are one of the main causes of degradation in the quality of life. In Poland we hardly know anything about the fate of the road traffic victims, their life problems...
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Selected Problems of Transport in Port Towns – Tri-City as an Example
PublikacjaPort towns are strategic places from the point of view of transport systems. They form integration junctions for various transport branches , apart from the traditional - road and railway ones , also for water( sea) transport which is active there. Moreover, air transport comes also into consideration , whose efficient functioning must be connected with good accessibility, that concerns sea transport as well. Efficient and...
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Easy recipes for cooperative smoothing
PublikacjaIn this paper we suggest how several competing signal smoothers, differing in design parameters, or even in design principles, can be combined together to yield a better and more reliable smoothing algorithm. The proposed heuristic, but statistically well motivated, fusion mechanism allows one to combine practically all kinds of smoothers, from simple local averaging or order statistic filters, to parametric smoothers designed...
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Active Suppression of Nonstationary Narrowband Acoustic Disturbances
PublikacjaIn this chapter, a new approach to active narrowband noise control is presented. Narrowband acoustic noise may be generated, among others, by rotating parts of electro-mechanical devices, such as motors, turbines, compressors, or fans. Active noise control involves the generation of “antinoise”, i.e., the generation of a sound that has the same amplitude, but the opposite phase, as the unwanted noise, which causes them to interfere...
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Conditions and capacity for implementing Poland’s vision zero
PublikacjaSince 1991 Poland has been systematically reducing its traffic hazard. Despite considerable progress Poland is still among the most dangerous countries in the European Union. The key types of actions that help to reduce fatalities include enhancement of pedestrian safety, reducing the number of speeding drivers and eliminating or reducing hazard on the road. The paper presents a brief diagnosis of the state of road safety in Poland...
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Monitoring of Caged Bluefin Tuna Reactions to Ship and Offshore Wind Farm Operational Noises
PublikacjaUnderwater noise has been identified as a relevant pollution affecting marine ecosystems in different ways. Despite the numerous studies performed over the last few decades regarding the adverse effect of underwater noise on marine life, a lack of knowledge and methodological procedures still exists, and results are often tentative or qualitative. A monitoring methodology for the behavioral response of bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus)...
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Assessing unsignalised pedestrian crossings
PublikacjaThe lack of pedestrian safety on crossings is a complex problem and one that is influenced by a number of factors such as the law, road traffic culture, the road and traffic. This paper will focus on the last two by presenting a method for assessing pedestrian crossings for their geometry and roadside using data from 930 pedestrian crossings in Warsaw. The authors of this paper have attempted to systematise the process of assessment...
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Contribution of dynamic vehicle loads to pavement failure
PublikacjaPavement surfaces are not ideally even, which causes dynamic loads of vehicle axles. Distribution of dynamic loads of a given axle is similar to normal distribution and can be described by static load and dynamic load coefficient. The dynamic load coefficient depends on road profile, vehicle speed, properties of suspensions and static load of axle. While for a given road section road profile remains constant, vehicle speed and...
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Protection of Pedestrians as the Key Action for Implementing - Poland’s Vision Zero
PublikacjaWHO reports show that pedestrians account for 10 to 70% of total road crash fatalities. In Poland, pedestrians also represent a significant road safety problem. For many years, pedestrian collisions have accounted for approx. 30% of total road crashes with more than 30% of pedestrians killed. Therefore, pedestrian safety has been one of Poland’s main objectives in its road safety programs implemented over the past 20 years. The...
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Stochastic resonance in measurements
PublikacjaNoise is usually associated with the negative phenomenon, hampering the measurements data and their analysis. This view has been broken in the '80s when the phenomenon of stochastic resonance (Stochastic Resonance - SR) was discovered. It is a phenomenon that occurs in nonlinear dynamic measurement systems when the selected input noise can optimize system performance. SR became a way to improve efficiency of weak signals detection....
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RENOVATION OF ARCHIVE AUDIO RECORDINGS USING SPARSE AUTOREGRESSIVE MODELING AND BIDIRECTIONAL PROCESSING
PublikacjaThe paper presents a new approach to elimination of broadband noise and impulsive disturbances from archive audio recordings. The proposed adaptive Kalman-like algorithm, based on a sparse autoregressive model of the audio signal, simultaneously detects noise pulses, interpolates the irrevocably distorted samples and performs signal smoothing. It is shown that bidirectional (forward-backward) processing of the archive signal improves...
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The effects of selected factors on pedestrian crossings in urban areas
PublikacjaPedestrian crossings are designed to help pedestrians cross a road. There are at-grade pedestrian crossings with or without traffic lights and grade separated crossings such as subways and footbridges. Pedestrian crossings may be located next to a junction or on road sections between junctions. Where at-grade crossings are involved, pedestrians and motorists interact, which may lead to dangerous situations and road traffic conflicts....
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Audio codec employing frequency-derived tonality measure
PublikacjaA transform codec employing efficient algorithm for detection of spectral tonal components is presented. The tonality measure used in MPEG psychoacoustic model is replaced with the method providing adequate tonality estimates even if the tonal components are deeply frequency modulated. The reliability of hearing threshold estimated using psychoacoustic model with standardized tonality measure and the proposed one is investigated...
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A random signal generation method for microcontrollers with DACs
PublikacjaA new method of noise generation based on software implementation of a 7-bit LFSR based on a common polynomial PRBS7 using microcontrollers equipped with internal ADCs and DACs and a microcontroller noise generator structure are proposed in the paper. Two software applications implementing the method: written in ANSI C and based on the LUT technique and written in AVR Assembler are also proposed. In the method the ADC results are...
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Detection and Direction-of-Arrival Estimation of Weak Spread Spectrum Signals Received with Antenna Array
PublikacjaThis paper presents a method for the joint detection and direction of arrival (DOA) estimation of low probability of detection (LPD) signals. The proposed approach is based on using the antenna array to receive spread-spectrum signals hidden below the noise floor. Array processing exploits the spatial correlation between phase-delayed copies of the signal and allows us to evaluate the parameter used to make the decision about the...
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Metody usuwania zakłóceń podczas pomiarów polowych widm Ramana
PublikacjaW pracy zostały scharakteryzowane źródła zakłóceń występujące podczas pomiarów widm Ramana w warunkach polowych. Zaprezentowano wpływ czasu integracji na jakość rejestrowanych widm w przypadkach, gdy szumy własne spektrometru mają składową typu 1/f, dominującą w zakresie małych częstotliwości. Przedstawiono także wyniki uzyskane podczas pomiarów z detekcją synchroniczną, stosowaną w przenośnych spektrometrach Ramana, w pomiarach...
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Speed management on local government managed roads – research, recommendations and guidelines
PublikacjaCommissioned by the National Road Safety Council Secretariat, the project “Guidelines for speed management on local government managed roads” studied car driver be haviour when subjected to selected speed management measures such a local speed restrictions, surveillance, traffic calming and restricted speed areas. In addition, analyses were conducted on the impact of selected me asures...
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Concurrent Video Denoising and Deblurring for Dynamic Scenes
PublikacjaDynamic scene video deblurring is a challenging task due to the spatially variant blur inflicted by independently moving objects and camera shakes. Recent deep learning works bypass the ill-posedness of explicitly deriving the blur kernel by learning pixel-to-pixel mappings, which is commonly enhanced by larger region awareness. This is a difficult yet simplified scenario because noise is neglected when it is omnipresent in a wide...
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Wpływ kierowcy na opór toczenia samochodu
PublikacjaW pracy omówiono wpływ zachowań kierowcy na opory toczenia pojazdu w ruchu drogowym. Można tu wyróżnić styl jazdy kierowcy oraz jego dbałość o pojazd. Przedstawiono wzrost oporu toczenia w aspekcie dynamicznego przyspieszania oraz szybkiej jazdy na zakręcie. Przeanalizowano także wpływ na opór toczenia takich czynników jak: ciśnienie w ogumieniu obciążenie promieniowe, zbieżność kół jezdnych samochodu oraz zużycie ogumienia.
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Enhanced voice user interface employing spatial filtration of signals from acoustic vector sensor
PublikacjaSpatial filtration of sound is introduced to enhance speech recognition accuracy in noisy conditions. An acoustic vector sensor (AVS) is employed. The signals from the AVS probe are processed in order to attenuate the surrounding noise. As a result the signal to noise ratio is increased. An experiment is featured in which speech signals are disturbed by babble noise. The signals before and after spatial filtration are processed...
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DESIGN AND CALIBRATION OF ROLLING RESISTANCE TEST TRAILER R2mk.2
PublikacjaThe paper describes construction nad calibration procedures of the rolling resistance test trailer R2 Mk2. The trailer is design to measure rolling resistance of passenger car tyres in various road conditions on trafficked road. The trailer utilizes so called angle method also known as vertical arm method. The paper presents also calibration procedures that are necessary to ascertain good precision of the measurements.
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INFLUENCE OF LOAD AND INFLATION PRESSURE ON THE TYRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
PublikacjaTyre load and inflation pressure are important factors controlling rolling resistance of road vehicles. The article presents results obtained in the Technical University of Gdańsk during laboratory and road measurements of different car tyres rolling on different pavements. The knowledge of rolling resistance characteristics is important for modelling car dynamics as well as fuel consumption. It is also necessary to establish proper...
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Design of Resilient Vehicle-to-Infrastructure Systems
PublikacjaVehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) have recently gained noticeable attention due to advantages in improving road traffic safety, shaping the road traffic and providing infotainment opportunities to travellers. However, transmission characteristics following from the IEEE 802.11p standard and the high mobility of VANET nodes remarkably reduce the lifetime, reach and capacity of wireless links, and often lead to simultaneous disruptions...
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ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS OF THE AUDIT OF LIGHTING PARAMETERS AT PEDESTRIAN CROSSINGS IN WARSAW
PublikacjaThe night time, based on many world studies, generates an increased risk of serious accidents (with fatalities and serious injuries). This is especially true for accidents with pedestrians. Pedestrian crossings are very sensitive to the influence of the time of day in terms of pedestrian safety, elements of road infrastructure. This is visible on the example of Poland, where numerous accidents at crosswalks are recorded, characterized...
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Using Alpha-beta filtration for robustness improvement of a quadrocopter positioning system
PublikacjaQuadrocopter is an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) platform. The position of the robot is determined based on readings from an accelerometer and a gyroscope, but the measurement signals contain broadband noise. This article describes a solution for filtering out the noise based on an Alpha – beta filter. It also presents the methodology of designing and implementing such a filter for noise cancellation in measurement signals from...