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Partial inhibition of borohydride hydrolysis using porous activated carbon as an effective method to improve the electrocatalytic activity of the DBFC anode
PublikacjaCarbon materials are commonly used catalyst supports in various types of fuel cells. Due to the possibility of designing their properties, they seem to be attractive and functional additives. In Direct Borohydride Fuel Cells (DBFCs), the electrooxidation reaction of borohydride competes with the undesirable hydrolysis reaction, therefore our work aimed to modify anodes based on a multi-component hydrogen storage alloy with a small...
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Partial inhibition of borohydride hydrolysis using porous activated carbon as an effective method to improve the electrocatalytic activity of the DBFC anode
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Safeguarding democracy during pandemics. Social distancing, postal, or internet voting—the good, the bad, or the ugly?
PublikacjaDuring a pandemic, many countries and organizations must decide whether to postpone upcoming elections or to hold them (Krimmer et al., 2020a). If the decision is made to hold the election, three main scenarios come to mind: continue using the existing system but include measures to ensure the health of participants; or look for alternatives among remote voting channels which could ensure social distancing is guaranteed either...
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Krzywa przejściowa z wygładzoną krzywizną dla dróg kolejowych
PublikacjaW pracy przedstawiono koncepcję nowej postaci krzywej przejściowej, o liniowym przebiegu krzywizny na długości i wygładzonymi rejonami skrajnymi. Może ona stanowić alternatywę dla tzw. gładkich krzywych przejściowych, o nieliniowym przebiegu krzywizny na całej długości. Została tutaj wykorzystana uniwersalna metoda identyfikacji krzywych przejściowych za pomocą równań różniczkowych. Wyznaczono ogólne równania krzywizny oraz odpowiednie...
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Modeling of low calorific gas burning in a deficient oxygen environment and high-temperature oxidizer
PublikacjaThe experimental research will be performed using the experimental facility with a combustion chamber. The oxygen concentration in combustion oxidizers will be varied from 21% by volume (normal) air to 2%. The test combustion chamber will be fed with propane or methane as the reference fuel, then with low calorific fuels as test gases obtained by mixing various combustible components, e.g. H2, CH4, CO, and neutral gases, e.g. N2,...
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Clean energy in the European Union: Transition or evolution?
PublikacjaIn this paper, we analyse two phenomena. First, the relationship between greenhouse gases emission and effectiveness of the European Union energy policies and second the transition from the fossil fuels to renewable energy sources. We run two-step data analysis concerning 25 European Union member states in the period from 1990 to 2018. We use information on greenhouse gases emission, introduction of new energy policies, source...
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Determination of total mercury in raw petrol using cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry
PublikacjaPresence of different forms of mercury in petroleum based products may impair the proper operation of the equipment or led to poisoning of automotive catalysts. However much more important problem is environmental pollution with mercury emitted from different types of fossil fuels. Although the average mercury concentration in petroleum based products (automotive fuels) is on the level around 1 ppb, taking into account annual...
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MRAS-Based Switching Linear Feedback Strategy for Sensorless Speed Control of Induction Motor Drives
PublikacjaThis paper presents a newly designed switching linear feedback structure of sliding mode control (SLF-SMC) plugged with an model reference adaptive system (MRAS) based sensorless fieldoriented control (SFOC) for induction motor (IM). Indeed, the performance of the MRAS depends mainly on the operating point and the parametric variation of the IM. Hence, the sliding mode control (SMC) could be considered a good control alternative...
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Impact of cross-section centers estimation on the accuracy of the Point cloud spatial expansion using robust M-estimation and Monte Carlo simulation
PublikacjaThe point cloud spatial expansion (PCSE) method creates an alternative form of representing the shape of symmetrical objects and introduces additional descriptive geometric parameters. An important element of the procedure is determining the course of the axis of symmetry of cylindrical objects based on cross-sections of point clouds. Outliers occurring in laser measurements are of great importance in this case. In this study,...
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4-(Cyclic-amidino)phenols. Preparation and Use in a Diamidine Synthesis
PublikacjaThe Pinner synthesis was applied to the prepn. of phenols 4-substituted with cyclic amidines in high yields from readily available 4-HOC6H4C(OMe):NH.HCl and aliph. diamines. An alternative attempt was made to convert 4-HOC6H4CSNH2 to 4-(1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-5-hydroxy-2-pyrimidinyl)phenol. A procedure for the prepn. of 3,6-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine is reported. The syntheses of 2,4-bis[4-(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)phenoxy]pyrimidine...
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A measurement system for children endurance tests
PublikacjaThere are a lot of ethical problems concerning the use of invasive methods for the measurement of a child's body response to physical exercise and physical training. The alternative is are non-invasive methods like ergospirometry or NIRS. The article presents a measurement system dedicated for children endurance tests, composed of a few non-invasive measurement modules, including a temperature measurement module. Temperature is...
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A review of phase change materials and heat enhancement methodologies
PublikacjaPhase change materials (PCMs) are an efficient alternative to store and release heat at a specific range of temperature. Here PCMs and heat enhancement methodologies for PCM storage are reviewed. A short overview of PCMs and their applications is presented in addition to the progress during the last 10 years. Heat enhancement techniques, that is, extended surfaces, multiple and composite PCMs, and encapsulation techniques, are...
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Quantum strategies for rendezvous and domination tasks on graphs with mobile agents
PublikacjaThis paper explores the application of quantum nonlocality, a renowned and unique phenomenon acknowledged as a valuable resource. Focusing on an alternative application, we demonstrate its quantum advantage for mobile agents engaged in specific distributed tasks without communication. The research addresses the significant challenge of rendezvous on graphs and introduces a distributed task for mobile agents grounded in the graph...
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Proposal of New Starch-Blends Composition Quickly Degradable in Marine Environment
PublikacjaThe aim of this paper was to obtain a quickly degradable in seawater polymer blend as an alternative proposal for classical polymer packaging. For preliminary studies: poly(lactic acid) (PLA), starch, calcium carbonate (CaCO3), gelatin and glycerol were chosen. PLA was pointed out due to its biodegradability and comparable properties to polyethylene or polypropylene. Whereas starch was chosen as abundant, renewable and cheap polymer...
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Mechanical properties of mosquito nets in the context of hernia repair
PublikacjaThe paper deals with issue of applying mosquito nets as implants in hernia repair, which have already been used in resource-poor developing countries. Uniaxial tensile tests have been conducted on polyester mosquito meshes in two orthogonal directions. Non-linear elastic constitutive laws parameters have been identified to be applied in dense net material models. Mechanical performance of tested mosquito nets has been compared...
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Junctions In Shell Structures: A Review
PublikacjaMany shell structures used in modern technology consist of regular shell parts joined together along their common boundaries. We review different theoretical, numerical, and experimental approaches to modelling, analyses and design of the compound shell structures with junctions. Several alternative forms of boundary, continuity and jump conditions at the singular midsurface curves modelling the shell junction are reviewed. We...
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Monosaccharides as Potential Chiral Probes for the Determination of the Absolute Configuration of Secondary Alcohols
PublikacjaHerein, a new method for the elucidation of the absolute configuration of chiral secondary alcohols is proposed. This method is an alternative for a widely used approach reported by Mosher and Dale and similar methods that are based on the 1H NMR shift (δ) changes of protons that are attached to the substituents of the oxymethine carbon atom. The presented method is not based on tracking the chemical shift changes and utilizes...
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3D POINT-CLOUD SPATIAL EXPANSION BY TOTAL LEAST-SQUARES LINE FITTING
PublikacjaPoint-cloud spatial expansion (PCSE) allows the creation of a new pointcloud form that presents an alternative geometry of an entire object in a single spatial view. Spatial expansion facilitates the analysis process and introduces an additional spatial parameter describing the point cloud. An important element of the PCSE method is determining the position of the axis of symmetry of a symmetrical object: the procedure for determining...
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TIRE/ROAD NOISE AND TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE ON PROTOTYPE PERS SURFACE
PublikacjaPoroelastic road surfaces are characterized by low noise of tires running on them.Road pavements of this type are promising solution to problems related to traffic noise in cities and on rural roads. Some technical problems still have to be solved, in particular regarding durability and skid resistance on wet surface. Ongoing and planned works are to contribute to create a quiet, durable and safe road surface, which will become...
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Model obliczania kosztu cyklu życia obiektu na przykładzie budynku mieszkalnego jednorodzinnego
PublikacjaW artykule przedstawiono model obliczania kosztu cyklu życia budynku mieszkalnego jednorodzinnego oraz wskazano możliwości ograniczenia wydatków związanych z jego użytkowaniem w okresie trzydziestu lat. Celem prezentowanej analizy rachunku kosztu cyklu życia jest porównanie i ocena kosztów nabycia i użytkowania domu realizowanego według alternatywnych technologii z uwzględnieniem przyjętych rozwiązań w zakresie pozyskania energii,...
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O możliwościach kształtowania właściwości dynamicznych konstrukcji kładek dla pieszych
PublikacjaW artykule przedstawiono doświadczenia własne autora związane ze „strojeniem” dynamicznym konstrukcji kładek dla pieszych. W celu potwierdzenia poprawności założeń przeprowadzono szereg złożonych analiz dynamicznych wykorzystujących nieliniowe procedury i modele. Opisano zrealizowane przykłady.
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Ocena efektywności monitoringu obiektów inżynierskich za pomocą sieci Bayesa
PublikacjaW swojej pracy autorzy zaproponowali zastosowanie sieci Bayesa do projektowania monitoringu i podejmowania decyzji w działaniach eksploatacyjnych. Ponadto pokazano dwie metody oceny wartości informacji diagnostycznych. Pierwszą z nich jest wartość oczekiwana EVSI (ang. Expected Value of Sample Information), która stanowi podstawę do wyboru spośród alternatywnych obserwacji symptomów zmiennej diagnostycznej. Natomiast drugą metodą...
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Multi-objective optimization of microextraction procedures
PublikacjaOptimization of extraction process requiresfinding acceptable conditions for many analytes and goodperformance in terms of process time or solvent consumption. These optimization criteria are oftencontradictory to each other, the performance of the system in given conditions is good for some criteriabut poor for others. Therefore, such problems require special assessment tools that allow to combinethese contradictory criteria into...
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Intelligence Augmentation and Amplification: Approaches, Tools, and Case Studies
PublikacjaMost experts agree that truly intelligent artificial system is yet to be developed. The main issue that still remains a challenge is imposing trust and explainability into such systems. However, is full replication of human intelligence really desirable key aim in intelligence related technology and research? This is where the concept of augmented intelligence comes into play. It is an alternative conceptualization of artificial...
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Numerical calculation of three-phase transformer's residual flux in ATP and PSpice programs.
PublikacjaW artykule przedstawiono analizę przebiegów prądu i strumienia magnetycznego podczas wyłączania transformatora energetycznego, wykonaną w celu określenia strumieni szczątkowych. Wykorzystano do tego celu modele obwodowe zbudowane w oparciu o programy symulacyjne ATP (Alternative Transients Program) i PSpice. Wyniki obliczeń okazały się bardzo zbliżone dla obu modeli. Przy ich wykorzystaniu obliczono strumienie szczątkowe w kolumnach...
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Evaluation of Workflow Runtime Platforms in Service Composition
PublikacjaTypically, workflow applications are constructed from basic functionalities that may be realized by alternative services deployed in heterogeneous runtime platforms. Depending on workflow structure and selection of services, the applications differ in attributes such as price, Quality of Service (QoS) and others. In the paper, we propose a method of evaluation of workflow runtime platforms using Data Envelopment Analysis. We present...
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Dynamic Charging of Electric Buses as a Way to Reduce Investment Risks of Urban Transport System Electrification
PublikacjaNight charging and fast charging are currently the two most common systems for charging electric buses. Despite the fact that numerous trial installations were started, neither of these two systems has obtained unqualified approval of the users. The alternative is to charge vehicles in motion - dynamic charging which combines the advantages of trolleybus transport and of electric buses. One of the advantages is the reduction of...
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Innovative strategies: Combining treatments for advanced wastewater purification
PublikacjaWater scarcity is a pressing global challenge, driving the urgent need for effective wastewater treatment solutions. With untreated wastewater extensively employed, particularly in agriculture, the significance of proper treatment becomes evident, as it presents a more practical and ecologically responsible alternative. This chapter explores the diverse treatment approaches encompassing chemical, physical, and biological methods,...
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Influence of titanium layer on counter electrode on electrical parameters of DSSC
PublikacjaIn this paper the influence of the Ti layer thickness at counter-electrode on electrical parameters of DSSCs was examined. The transparent conductive oxide – less (TCO-less) counter electrodes (CE) with titanium layers and platinum as catalyst on Bk7 glass were prepared. Thin metallic films were deposited by means of magnetron sputtering (titanium) and Pulsed Laser Deposition (platinum). The counter electrode with Pt layer on Fluorine...
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Miniaturized solid-phase extraction techniques
PublikacjaMore than 80% of analysis time is spent on sample collection and sample preparation, so sample preparation is a critical part of the analytical process. Traditionally, liquid-liquid extraction was developed and employed to screen for general unknowns. However, solid-phase extraction (SPE) is becoming highly popular as an alternative, due to its simplicity and economy in terms of time and solvent. This review summarizes the current...
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Coacervative extraction as a green technique for sample preparation for the analysis of organic compounds
PublikacjaOne of the present trends in analytical chemistry is miniaturization, which is one of the methods of green analytical chemistry application. A particular emphasis is placed on the elimination of the use of large amounts of organic solvents which are toxic and harmful to the environment, maintaining high efficiency of the extraction process, high recovery values and low values of quantification (LOQ) and detection (LOD) limits....
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Modelling a 6-dof manipulator using Matlab software
PublikacjaThis paper presents an alternative approach to modelling a revolute robot. The manipulator in question is Kuka KR 16-2. The main problem in robot modelling is a kinematic analysis. The revolute robot consist of six rotary joints (6-DOF) with base, shoulder, elbow and wirst. The kinematics problem is defined as a transformation from the cartesian space to the joint space. The Denavit- Hartenberg (D-H) model of representation was...
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Bioreactors and biophoton-driven biohydrogen production strategies
PublikacjaGiven the current issues with global warming and rising greenhouse gas emissions, biohydrogen is a viable alternative fuel option. Technologies to produce biohydrogen include photo fermentation, dark fermentation, direct and indirect bio-photolysis, and two-stage fermentation. Biological hydrogen generation is a green and promising technique with mild reaction conditions and low energy consumption compared to thermochemical and...
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Edible black ant Smith (Carebara vidua) as human food – A systematic review
PublikacjaMeeting food security is one of the major global challenges to ensure sufficient supply of food for current and future generations, considering increasing population growth and climate change issues. Consequently, the consumption of edible insects as an alternative food source has recently gained global attention for combating global food insecurity. The present review aims to provide information on the recent progress in consumption...
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Household Ability of Expenditures on Electricity and Energy Resources in the Countries That Joined the EU after 2004
PublikacjaThe purpose of the following article is to present the situation of the energy market from a household perspective between 2010 and 2020 in selected EU countries (the group of member states which joined EU after 2004). The selected countries when joining the EU had similar economic indicators and to some extent were similar in other macro-economic situations (personal income, unemployment rate, GDP level and annual growth). This...
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Mechanical, durability, depolluting and electrical properties of multifunctional mortars prepared with commercial or waste carbon-based fillers
PublikacjaCarbon-based fillers from industrial wastes and commercial ones were compared to improve the properties of lime-based mixes. As commercial fillers, graphene nanoplatelets and activated carbon were used, whereas as industrial wastes a char obtained by the gasification of biomasses and a used foundry sand were chosen. Carbon-based wastes were found to be a good cost-effective alternative to commercial carbon based fillers to increase...
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Microstrip four-port circulator using a ferrite coupled line section
PublikacjaThis paper describes an alternative configuration of a four-port circulator realized in a microstrip ferrite coupled line technology. The proposed fully planar device employs two three-port circulators consisting of a ferrite coupled line junction and T junction. Both circulators are connected through the same arm, hence, the problem of anti-parallel magnetization met in this type of circulators is avoided without the increase...
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Fashion and Tourism: Parallel Stories of Two "Dream Marvels".
PublikacjaFashion and tourism are two social, cultural, and economic phenomena that have both numerous connections and surprising similarities. These are not new: they have been built and developed since the beginnings of tourism as a modern social phenomenon, emerged in Europe in the context of the industrial revolution. They consolidated in the first decades of the 21st century, in a context where both phenomena have completed their “mass”...
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APPLICATION OF QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT TO SHIPS IN EMERGENCY CONDITIONS
PublikacjaThe paper is devoted to safety of ships in emergency conditions. The currently valid prescriptive method of safety assessment of ships in damage conditions is included in the SOLAS 2009 Part B-2 Ch.II-1 regulations. It is devoted to the design stage and difficult to apply in operation. A possible alternative described in this paper is a method based on assessment of performance of ships and risk assessment. Type of risk evaluation...
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Analysis of EN 1993-1-6 guidelines about determining amplitudes of equivalent imperfections of steel cylindrical shells subjected to uniform external pressure
PublikacjaCivil engineering structures should be designed with reference to relevant standards. One of them is a Eurocode 3 standard EN 1993-1-6:2007: Design of steel structures Part 1-6: Strength and Stability of Shell Structures. According to this standard, the value of buckling load can be determined using different approaches: classical hand calculations (stress design) and geometrical and material non-linear analysis of an imperfect...
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Optimal ECG lead for deriving respiratory signal
PublikacjaEDR is an interesting measuring technique that allows an indirect assessment of respiratory activity. This is an alternative solution to direct methods that are based on the measurement of air flow, which require a specialized sensor or even a system. However, due to inter-personal anatomical differences, the optimal ECG lead (placement of the electrodes) ensuring the best EDR signal quality is not fixed. An influence of ECG lead...
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Designing control strategies of aeration system in biological WWTP
PublikacjaThe paper presents the complete design processes of a novel aeration control systems in the SBR (Sequencing Batch Reactor) wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Due to large energy expense and high influence on biological processes, the aeration system plays a key role in WWTP operation. The paper considers the aeration system for a biological WWTP located in the northeast of Poland. This system consists of blowers, the main collector...
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Thermodynamic Cycle Concepts for High-Efficiency Power Plants. Part B: Prosumer and Distributed Power Industry
PublikacjaAn analysis was carried out for different thermodynamic cycles of power plants with air turbines. A new modification of a gas turbine cycle with the combustion chamber at the turbine outlet has been described in the paper. A special air by-pass system of the combustor was applied, and in this way, the efficiency of the turbine cycle was increased by a few points. The proposed cycle equipped with an effective heat exchanger could...
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Thermal failure of a second rotor stage in heavy duty gas turbine
PublikacjaThe impulse mode of operation and the supply of various types of fuels causes frequent failures even in the heavy duty gas turbines. The paper presents the ravages of second rotor stage failure in a gas turbine. The excessive thermal elongation rise caused by fuel change was indicated as the main cause. We applied nonlinear numerical analysis, preceded by thermodynamic calculations of the turbine and visual inspection of the effects...
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Economic benefits of dynamic charging of electric buses
PublikacjaDiesel engines buses are still the most used type of buses. Electric buses provide promising green alternatives and a lot of advantages, but their main disadvantages are limited travel range and long charging time. This article is a presentation of innovative solution for charging of electric busses - Dynamic Charging (IMC). The modern IMC system in Solingen was presented. At the end of the article, a proposal was made to introduce...
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Un nuovo fiume carsico. La deindustrializzazione in Italia nel dibattito pubblico
PublikacjaThe article examines the evolution of the debate on deindustrialization in Italy since its first appearance in 1980's up to the present day. Dramatic alarms alternate with long silences in a framework, both national and international, in which the most important economic organizations are struggling, apparently without success, to find a common definition of deindustrialization.
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Adaptive Wavelet-Based Correction of Non-Anechoic Antenna Measurements
PublikacjaNon-anechoic measurements represent an affordable alternative to evaluation of antenna performance in expensive, dedicated facilities. Due to interferences and noise from external sources of EM radiation, far-field results obtained in non-ideal conditions require additional post-processing. Conventional correction algorithms rely on manual tuning of parameters, which make them unsuitable for reliable testing of prototypes. In this...
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Nanoparticle-free tissue-mimicking phantoms with intrinsic scattering
PublikacjaWe present an alternative to the conventional approach, phantoms without scattering nanoparticles, where scattering is achieved by the material itself: spherical cavities trapped in a silicone matrix. We describe the properties and fabrication of novel optical phantoms based on a silicone elastomer polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and glycerol mixture. Optical properties (absorption coefficient µa, reduced scattering coefficient µs',...
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Different Ways to Apply a Measurement Instrument of E-Nose Type to Evaluate Ambient Air Quality with Respect to Odour Nuisance in a Vicinity of Municipal Processing Plants
PublikacjaThis review paper presents different ways to apply a measurement instrument of e-nose type to evaluate ambient air with respect to detection of the odorants characterized by unpleasant odour in a vicinity of municipal processing plants. An emphasis was put on the following applications of the electronic nose instruments: monitoring networks, remote controlled robots and drones as well as portable devices. Moreover, this paper presents...
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Investigation of photothermolysis therapy of human skin diseases using optical phantoms
PublikacjaDermatological diseases, such as neurofibroma (Recklinghausen disease) or hemangiomas can be efficiently treated using photothermolysis from laser irradiation. We have utilized a developed 975 nm fiber diode laser as a low-cost alternative over common Nd:YAG lasers. This paper describes the investigations of interaction of 975 nm diode laser radiation-pulses with optical skin phantoms which were designed and manufactured in our...