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Pathways of nitrogen compounds depletion in hybrid constructed wetlands
PublikacjaHybrid Constructed Wetlands are composed of two or more filters with mixed flow direction of sewage. Apparently in the HCWS the benefits of both types of bed are merged, resulting in better effluent quality (organic and nitrogen componds removal). Such heterogeneous environment creates possibilities for different ways of nitrogen "disappearing". The objective of the present study was to compare the removal of nitrogen with accompanying...
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Influence of Sb-substitution on ionic transport in lanthanum orthoniobates
PublikacjaThe results of ionic transport measurements for the lanthanum orthoniobate substituted with 10 and 30 mol% of antimony (LaNb0.9Sb0.1O4 and LaNb0.7Sb0.3O4) are presented and discussed. The influence of calcium co-doping on these properties has also been analysed. It has been shown that for the investigated material protonic conductivity predominates at temperatures up to 800 °C in oxidizing atmospheres under wet conditions. The...
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Oxidation kinetics of Zircaloy-4 alloy at 673 K determined by GDOES technique
PublikacjaOxidation of zirconium alloys is a process that takes place during the operation of nuclear reactors and is essential for assessing the durability of fuel claddings. The present study was aimed to determine the oxidation kinetics of the Zircaloy-4 alloy using GDOES (glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy) at temperature 673 K corresponding to the conditions of use of fuel pellets. The tests were performed on non-oxidized...
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Modelling of sequencing batch reactor operating at various aeration modes
PublikacjaThe presented study involved designing a computer model of a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) at laboratory scale. The data pertaining to the technical aspects of the bioreactor and quality indicators of wastewater constituted the input for the employed simulation tool, i.e. GPS-X software package. The results of a simulation involving a 12-hour operation cycle are presented in this work; each cycle included 6 phases: filling, mixing,...
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The Unfolded Protein Response: A Double-Edged Sword for Brain Health
PublikacjaEfficient brain function requires as much as 20% of the total oxygen intake to support normal neuronal cell function. This level of oxygen usage, however, leads to the generation of free radicals, and thus can lead to oxidative stress and potentially to age-related cognitive decay and even neurodegenerative diseases. The regulation of this system requires a complex monitoring network to maintain proper oxygen homeostasis. Furthermore,...
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Structural Properties and Water Uptake of SrTi1−xFexO3−x/2−δ
PublikacjaIn this work, Fe-doped strontium titanate SrTi1−xFexO3−x/2−δ, for x = 0–1 (STFx), has been fabricated and studied. The structure and microstructure analysis showed that the Fe amount in SrTi1−xFexO3−x/2−δ has a great influence on the lattice parameter and microstructure, including the porosity and grain size. Oxygen nonstoichiometry studies performed by thermogravimetry at different atmospheres showed that the Fe-rich compositions...
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Applying of Doped Graphene Oxide Coatings for Corrosion Prevention
PublikacjaINTRODUCTION Graphene is a carbonaceous material characterized by extraordinary properties (high electron mobility, high surface area, high mechanical strength of 1100 GPa, very dense network hindering the passage of even the smallest helium atoms) [1]. Therefore, it found many applications, also as an anti-corrosive layer [2]. Electrophoretic Deposition (EPD) is one of the methods to deposit coatings. However, due to slight solubility...
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High-Temperature Structural and Electrical Properties of BaLnCo2O6 Positrodes
PublikacjaThe application of double perovskite cobaltites BaLnCo2O6−δ (Ln = lanthanide element) in electrochemical devices for energy conversion requires control of their properties at operating conditions. This work presents a study of a series of BaLnCo2O6−δ (Ln = La, Pr, Nd) with a focus on the evolution of structural and electrical properties with temperature. Symmetry, oxygen non-stoichiometry, and cobalt valence state have been examined...
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The occurrence and role of Nitrospira in nitrogen removal systems
PublikacjaApplication of the modern microbial techniques changed the paradigm about the microorganisms performing nitrification. Numerous investigations recognized representatives of the genus Nitrospira as a key and predominant nitrite-oxidizing bacteria in biological nutrient removal systems, especially under low dissolved oxygen and substrate conditions. The recent discovery of Nitrospira capable of performing complete ammonia oxidation...
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Determination of isoprostanes in exhaled breath condensate samples by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry
PublikacjaOxidative stress (OS) is a state of imbalance between continuously generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) during normal cell metabolism and mechanism of detoxifying oxygen radicals through a network of antioxidative enzymes. Isoprostanes are prostaglandin -like substances that are produced in vivo primarily by free radical-induced peroxidation of arachidonic acid. The measurement of isoprostanes in biological fluids and/or tissue...
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Model based evaluation of plant improvement at a large wastewater treatment plant (WWTP)
PublikacjaIn this work, the effect of the improvement carried out at a large-scale wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) was evaluated, by means of modelling works, with the aim to determine the influence of the modernization over the process performance. After modernization, the energy consumption due to the aeration decreased about a 20% maintaining the effluent quality. In order to double-check the good effluent quality, modelling works were...
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Structural and electrical properties of titanium-doped yttrium niobate
PublikacjaIn this work, the influence of the substitution of niobium by titanium in Y3Nb1-xTixO7-δ on the structural and electrical properties is reported. Several experimental techniques, i.e. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), were applied to investigate the system Y3Nb1-xTixO7-δ. Titanium in Y3Nb1-xTixO7-δ is an acceptor-type...
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Activation of N2O and SO2 by the P–B Bond System. Reversible Binding of SO2 by the P–O–B Geminal Frustrated Lewis Pair
PublikacjaHerein, we present the first transformation of borylphosphine into borylphosphinite using nitrous oxide. Borylphosphine reacts with N2O via insertion of a single oxygen atom into the P−B bond and formation of a P−O−B bond system. Borylphosphine and borylphosphinite capture SO2 and activate it in an irreversible and reversible manner, respectively.
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Electroactive polymer/graphene oxide nanostructured composites; evidence for direct chemical interactions between PEDOT and GOx
PublikacjaThis work concerns electrochemical synthesis of nanocomposites consisting of conducting polymer and reduced graphene oxide (rGOx) as electrode materials for supercapacitors. The electrosynthesis was performed in an aqueous solution of the 3,4-ethylenedioxytiophene (EDOT) monomer and graphene oxide (GOx) without supporting electrolyte. The amount of GOx was optimized to obtain the best electrochemical performance of the nanocomposite...
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Characteristics of LaCo 0.4 Ni 0.6-x Cu x O 3-δ ceramics as a cathode material for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells
PublikacjaIn this study, the effects of Cu-ion substitution on the densification, microstructure, and physical properties of LaCo0.4Ni0.6-xCuxO3-δ ceramics were investigated. The results indicate that doping with Cu ions not only enhances the densification but also promotes the grain growth of LaCo0.4Ni0.6-xCuxO3-δ ceramics. The Cu substitution at x ≤ 0.2 can suppress the formation of La4Ni3O10, while the excess Cu triggers the formation...
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Metal ion directed template synthesis using 2-acetyl-1,3-indandione and ethylenediamine: steric and electronic restrictions
PublikacjaA template synthesis using 2-acetyl-1,3-indandione and ethylenediamine results in formation of octahedral Ni complex, whose crystal structure has been resolved using single crystal X-ray diffraction. The structure indicates that only exocyclic enolic oxygen atom of the triketone takes part in the condensation with ethylenediamine.
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Processing of Ce0.8Gd0.2O2-δ barrier layers for solid oxide cells: The effect of preparation method and thickness on the interdiffusion and electrochemical performance
PublikacjaCe0.8Gd0.2O1.9 (CGO) barrier layers are required to mitigate the chemical reactions between Sr-containing oxygen electrode materials and Zr-based oxygen ion conductors in high-temperature solid oxide cells. Barrier layers produced by different methods were studied in this work. As a reference, a cell with no barrier layer was measured. The application of the powder-processed barrier layers, considerably increases the performance....
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"Food Oxidants and Antioxidants" Book review
PublikacjaThe book is the 14th title in the CRC series Chemical and Functional Properties of Food Components, edited since 2001 by Zdzisław E. Sikorski. The editor of the book, a professor in the University of Łódź and member of the Polish Academy of Sciences, is an internationally recognized authority in biochemistry and biophysics of reactive oxygen species. In Poland Grzegorz Bartosz has a reputation as the author of his most interesting...
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Influence of conductive carbon and MnCo2O4 on morphological and electrical properties of hydrogels for electrochemical energy conversion
PublikacjaIn this work, a strategy for one-stage synthesis of polymer composites based on PNIPAAm hydrogel was presented. Both conductive particles in the form of conductive carbon black (cCB) and MnCo2O4 (MCO) spinel particles were suspended in the three-dimensional structure of the hydrogel. The MCO particles in the resulting hydrogel composite acted as an electrocatalyst in the oxygen evolution reaction. Morphological studies confirmed...
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Model of aeration system at biological wastewater treatment plant for control design purposes
PublikacjaThe wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) is a dynamic, very complex system, in which the most important control parameter is the dissolved oxygen (DO) con-centration. The air is supplied to biological WWTP by the aeration system. Aera-tion is an important and expensive activity in WWTP. The aeration of sewage ful-fils a twofold role. Firstly, oxygen is provided as the main component for biolog-ical processes. Secondly, it supports...
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Electric and magnetic properties of Lanthanum Barium Cobaltite
PublikacjaThe cubic Ba0.5La0.5CoO3‐δ was synthesized using solid state reaction. The structural properties were determined by the simultaneous refinement of Synchrotron Powder X‐ray Diffraction and Neutron Powder Diffraction data. Iodometric titration was used to examine the oxygen stoichiometry and average cobalt oxidation state. Low‐temperature magnetic studies show soft ferromagnetic character of fully oxidized material, with θP = 198(3)...
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Enhancement of PUR/PIR foam thermal stability after addition of Zostera marina biomass component investigated via thermal analysis and isoconversional kinetics
PublikacjaIn the present work, a thorough thermogravimetric (TG) analysis of bio-based polyurethane–polyisocyanurate (PUR–PIR) foams in both nitrogen and oxygen atmosphere is performed. A sustainable element of the foam is a biopolyol obtained via acid-catalyzed liquefaction of Zostera marina and Enteromorpha Algae biomass. Based on isoconversional analysis and apparent activation energies, several conclusions are obtained. In contradiction...
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Integrated Photocatalytic Advanced Oxidation System (TiO2/UV/O3/H2O2) for Degradation of Volatile Organic Compounds
PublikacjaSeveral advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) including photocatalytic processes were studied for effective treatment of complex model wastewater containing a wide variety of VOCs. The studies revealed synergistic effects of TiO2 based processes for improved degradation of the VOCs. A peroxone combined with TiO2/UV system (TiO2/UV/O3/H2O2) with a ratio between the oxygen source from the oxidant to chemical oxygen demand (COD) of...
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Influence of Osmolytes on Protein and Water Structure: A Step To Understanding the Mechanism of Protein Stabilization
PublikacjaResults concerning the thermostability of hen egg white lysozyme in aqueous solutions with stabilizing osmolytes, trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), glycine (Gly), and its N-methyl derivatives, N-methylglycine (NMG), N,N-dimethylglycine (DMG), and N,N,N-trimethylglycine (betaine, TMG), have been presented. The combination of spectroscopic (IR) and calorimetric (DSC) data allowed us to establish a link between osmolytes’ influence on...
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Investigation of thin perovskite layers between cathode and doped ceria used as buffer layer in solid oxide fuel cells
PublikacjaIn this paper, thin perovskite layers between cathode material of solid oxide fuel cells and gadolinia-doped ceria buffer layer are investigated. Thin layers made of LaNi0.6Fe0.4O3-δ (LNF), La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ (LSCF), or SrTi0.65Fe0.35O3-δ (STF) were symmetrically deposited by spin coating method from metallo-organic polymer precursors on a Ce0.8Gd0.2O2-δ (CGO) substrate. Porous and about 40-μm-thick LNF cathodes were deposited...
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Modelization of Nutrient Removal Processes at a Large WWTP Using a Modified ASM2d Model
PublikacjaThe biodegradation of particulate substrates starts by a hydrolytic stage. Hydrolysis is a slow reaction and usually becomes the rate limiting step of the organic substrates biodegradation. The objective of this work was to evaluate a novel hydrolysis concept based on a modification of the activated sludge model (ASM2d) and to compare it with the original ASM2d model. The hydrolysis concept was developed in order to accurately...
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Effects of different external carbon sources and electron acceptors on interactions between denitrification and phosphorus removal in BNR processes
PublikacjaThe effects of two different external carbon sources (acetate, ethanol) and electron acceptors (dissolved oxygen, nitrate and nitrite) were investigated under aerobic and anoxic conditions with non-acclimated process biomass from a full-scale biological nutrient removal activated sludge system. When acetate was added as an external carbon source, phosphate release was observed even in the presence of electron acceptors. The release...
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Anthropogenic trace metals in Setiu Wetland: Spatial and seasonal distribution and implications for environmental health
PublikacjaThe growing urban wastewater volume poses a major global environmental challenge, especially in developing nations where inadequate treatment and discharge impact clean water availability. This study focused on Setiu Wetland, aiming to analyze seasonal and spatial variations of trace metals in particulate form from anthropogenic and pathogenic sources. Surface water samples were collected from multiple stations, measuring physical...
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Prediction of Wastewater Quality at a Wastewater Treatment Plant Inlet Using a System Based on Machine Learning Methods
PublikacjaOne of the important factors determining the biochemical processes in bioreactors is the quality of the wastewater inflow to the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Information on the quality of wastewater, sufficiently in advance, makes it possible to properly select bioreactor settings to obtain optimal process conditions. This paper presents the use of classification models to predict the variability of wastewater quality at...
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High catalytic performance of laccase wired to naphthylated multiwall carbon nanotubes
PublikacjaThe direct electrical connection of laccase on the electrode surface is a key feature in the design of efficient and stable biocathodes. However, laccases can perform a direct electron transfer only when they are in the preferable orientation toward the electrode. Here we report the investigation of the orientation of Laccase from Amano on multi-walled carbon nanotube surface modified with naphthalene group. Naphthylated multi...
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Application of H2O2 to optimize ammonium removal from domestic wastewater
PublikacjaThe paper presents the results of application of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for the optimization of the effects of ammonia nitrogen removal from domestic wastewater. The investigations were carried out at a model wastewater treatment plant consisting of a preliminary sedimentation tank and a sand filter with a horizontal flow of wastewater at a constant hydraulic load of 1.44 L/day. The efficiency of ammonia nitrogen removal was...
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Kinetics of pollutants removal in hybrid treatment wetlands – Case study comparison
PublikacjaRecent years have seen an increasing interest in hybrid constructed wetland (HCW) systems for domestic sewage treatment. This paper is focused on kinetics of removal of the main pollutants occurring in wastewater i.e. organics expressed as chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand and total nitrogen. The purpose of the article is to compare different HCW configurations in terms of mass removal rates (MRR) and removal rate...
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Visible light photocatalytic activity of ionic liquid-TiO2 spheres: effect of the ionic liquid's anion structure
PublikacjaThe effect of the ionic liquid’s (IL) anion type ([BIMIM][X], where X= [Br], [PF6] or [OctSO4]) and content on the morphology, surface properties and photoactivity of TiO2 obtained by solvothermal method has been systematically investigated. Our results revealed that the presence of [Br], [OctSO4] anions favors formation of anatase phase, while presence of [PF6] anion causes formation of mixture of anatase and Ti(OH)PO4 phases....
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Styrene epoxidation over heterogeneous manganese(III) complexes
PublikacjaThe manganes(III) complex functionalised with 2,3-dihydropyridazine has been encapsulated in the supercages of the NaY zeolite using two different procedures, flexible ligand and in situ complex. The parent zeolite and the encapsulated manganese(III) complexes were screened as catalysts for styrene oxidation by using t-BOOH as the oxygen source in acetonitrile. Under the optimized conditions, the catalysts exhibited moderate activity...
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Nanokrystaliczne warstwy ceramiczne otrzymywane metodą pirolizy aerozolowej w tlenkowych ogniwach paliwowych
PublikacjaNiniejsza rozprawa doktorska dotyczy badań materiałów wytwarzanych w postaci cienkich, nanokrystalicznych warstw ceramicznych metodą pirolizy aerozolowej dla zastosowań w tlenkowych ogniwach paliwowych (SOFC). Badane są trzy możliwe obszary zastosowań wytwarzanych warstw tj. osadzanie powłok ochronnych na stalowych interkonektorach dostarczających gazy do elektrody tlenowej, wytwarzanie bariery ochronnej zapobiegającej dyfuzji...
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Activated Sludge Process Development
PublikacjaThis paper summarizes the most significant steps in the activated sludge process development and recognizes key contributors. Recognition of the roles of oxygen and living organisms was the first step (1882-1914). Ardern and Lockett (1914) named the accumulated olids "activated sludge". The process was rapidly accepted and applied in the period 1914-1930. The most dramatic changes in the activated sludge process understanding and...
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HPLC-coupled post-column derivatization aims at characterization and monitoring of plant phytocomplexes, not at assessing their biological properties
PublikacjaTwo recent decades of research identified a number of environmental factors as well as mechanisms leading to pathogenic processes in the human organism. A common factor in pathogenesis of many diseases is oxidative stress, a condition in which the production of damaging reactive oxygen species (ROS), present in the body as an inevitable consequence of respiration and exacerbated by the inflammatory response and by exogenous factors...
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Nanostructure of the laser-modified transition metal nanocomposites for water splitting
PublikacjaAlthough hydrogen is considered by many to be the green fuel of the future, nowadays it is primarily produced through steam reforming, which is a process far from ecological. Therefore, emphasis is being put on the development of electrodes capable of the efficient production of hydrogen and oxygen from water. To make the green alternative possible, the solution should be cost-efficient and well processable, generating less waste...
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Fabrication of anti-corrosion nitrogen doped graphene oxide coatings by electrophoretic deposition
PublikacjaThis work assesses anti-corrosion properties of graphene and N-doped graphene coatings deposited on copper by an electrophoretic method. Graphene oxide (GO) precursor was synthesized by an improved Hummers' method, whereas N-doping was performed hydrothermally in the presence of ammonia. After nitrogenation, doped graphene oxide samples (NGO) contained a reduced amount of oxygen and about 9% w/w nitrogen as pyridinic, pyrrole,...
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Effect of nitrogen doping on TiOxNy thin film formation at reactive high-power pulsed magnetron sputtering
PublikacjaThe paper is focused on a study of formation of TiOxNy thin films prepared by pulsed magnetron sputtering of metallic Ti target. Oxygen and nitrogen were delivered into the discharge in the form of reactive gases O2 and N2. The films were deposited by high-power impulse magnetron sputtering working with discharge repetition frequency f = 250 Hz at low (p = 0.75 Pa) and high (p = 10 Pa) pressure. The substrates were on floating...
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Electrochemical synthesis and characterization of nanocomposites based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and functionalized carbon nanotubes
PublikacjaThis work is focused on new composite materials consisting of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (pEDOT) and functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes synthesized electrochemically. Three types of composites were synthesized: the first one containing carbon nanotubes with carboxyl groups (covalent functionalization), the second one containing oxidized carbon nanotubes ox-MWCNTs (with different oxygen-rich polar groups) (covalent...
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Correlations between organic pollution indicators in municipal wastewater
PublikacjaThe paper presents the results of a study of parameters used for determining the amount of organic pollutants in wastewater flowing into a collective wastewater treatment plant with a population equivalent of about 120 000 PE. The plant constituted part of a sewage system. Assays were performed for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (CODCr), permanganete index (CODMn) and total organic carbon (TOC). In addition,...
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Anion–water interactions of weakly hydrated anions: molecular dynamics simulations of aqueous NaBF4 and NaPF6
PublikacjaIn aqueous ionic solutions, both the structure and the dynamics of water are altered dramatically with respect to the pure solvent. The emergence of novel experimental techniques makes these changes accessible to detailed investigations. At the same time, computational studies deliver unique possibilities for the interpretation of the experimental data at the molecular level. Here, using molecular dynamics simulations, we demonstrate...
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Assessment of the technological reliability of a hybrid constructed wetland for wastewater treatment in a mountain eco-tourist farm in Poland
PublikacjaThe aim of the present study was to assess the technological reliability of a domestic hybrid wastewater treatment installation consisting of a classic three-chambered (volume 6 m3) septic tank, a vertical flow trickling bed filled with granules of a calcinated clay material (KERAMZYT), a special wetland bed constructed on a slope, and a permeable pond used as a receiver. The test treatment plant was located at a mountain eco-tourist...
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A Reaction of Thioamides with Zinc Ammoniates Leading to Simple Amidines. Discovery of a New Zwitterionic Monomethylamidine
PublikacjaThe reaction of thioamides with the R1R2N-ZnCl ammoniates leads to N-mono-, N,N'-di-, N,N-disubstituted, and unsubstituted amidines with high concns. of amines in abs. ethanol. The efficient direct formation of the N,N'-dimethylamidine can be explained by a greater reactivity of methylamine compared with dimethylamine. Discovery of a new zwitterion (induced by a carbonyl oxygen) suggests that the stabilization in the thymine...
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Convenient Syntheses of N-Methylthioamides: A Migration of the H2S Molecule in the Thioamide-nitrile System
PublikacjaThe reaction of thioamides with the R1R2N-ZnCl ammoniates leads to N-mono-, N,N'-di-, N,N-disubstituted, and unsubstituted amidines with high concns. of amines in abs. ethanol. The efficient direct formation of the N,N'-dimethylamidine can be explained by a greater reactivity of methylamine compared with dimethylamine. Discovery of a new zwitterion (induced by a carbonyl oxygen) suggests that the stabilization in the thymine...
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Theory of valence-band and core-level photoemission from plutonium dioxide
PublikacjaThe correlated-band theory implemented as a combination of the local-density approximation with the dynamical mean-field theory is applied to PuO2. An insulating electronic structure, consistent with the experimental valence-band photoemission spectra, is obtained. The calculations yield a nonmagnetic ground state that is characterized by a noninteger filling of the plutonium 5f shell. The noninteger filling as well as the satellites...
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The Influent Effects of Flow Rate Profile on thePerformance of Microbial Fuel Cells Model
PublikacjaThe energy contained in wastewaters has been identified as a promising sustainableenergy resource that could be harvested by using microbial fuel cells (MFC). When dealing with realwastewaters, the MFCs should be able to manage high flow rates and flow rates fluctuations. In thiswork, the short-term effects of the influent flow rate variations on the performance of a microbialfuel cell has been studied. With this aim, the influent...
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Hydration of Oxometallate Ions in Aqueous Solution
PublikacjaThe strength of hydrogen bonding to and structure of hydrated oxometallate ions in aqueous solution have been studied by double difference infrared (DDIR) spectroscopy and large-angle X-ray scattering (LAXS), respectively. Anions are hydrated by accepting hydrogen bonds from the hydrating water molecules. The oxygen atom of the permanganate and perrhenate ions form weaker and longer hydrogen bonds to water than the hydrogen bonds...
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Aeration Process in Bioreactors as the Main Energy Consumer in a Wastewater Treatment Plant. Review of Solutions and Methods of Process Optimization
PublikacjaDue to the key role of the biological decomposition process of organic compounds in wastewater treatment, a very important thing is appropriate aeration of activated sludge, because microorganisms have to be supplied with an appropriate amount of oxygen. Aeration is one of the most energy-consuming processes in the conventional activated sludge systems of wastewater treatment technology (may consume from 50% to 90% of electricity...
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Powering the Future by Iron Sulfide Type Material (FexSy) Based Electrochemical Materials for Water Splitting and Energy Storage Applications: A Review
PublikacjaWater electrolysis is among the recent alternatives for generating clean fuels (hydrogen). It is an efficient way to produce pure hydrogen at a rapid pace with no unwanted by-products. Effective and cheap water-splitting electrocatalysts with enhanced activity, specificity, and stability are currently widely studied. In this regard, noble metal-free transition metal-based catalysts are of high interest. Iron sulfide (FeS) is one...
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Pathways of Nitrogen Removal in Hybrid Treatment Wetlands
PublikacjaHybrid Treatment Wetlands (HTWs) are composed of two or more filters with different modes of flow, allowing the benefits of both types of bed to be combined, resulting in better effluent quality (nitrogen and organic compounds removal). Such a heterogeneous environment creates possibilities for different mechanisms of nitrogen removal. The objective of the present study was to investigate the removal of nitrogen versus a range...
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Effect of gelation and storage conditions on the oxidative stability of microemulsion and nanoemulsion delivery systems
PublikacjaIncreased interest in the use of microemulsion and nanoemulsion delivery systems for medical, cosmetic and food purposes, promotes the development of research on their physical and chemical stability, and the safety of use. Here, we have for the first time evaluated the oxidative stability of linseed oil dispersed in the microemulsion, nanoemulsion, and their gelled systems, stored under different conditions, and compared to the...
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Rapid on-line method of wastewater parameters estimation by electronic nose for control and operating wastewater treatment plants toward Green Deal implementation
PublikacjaIn order to comply with legal regulations related to wastewater quality, the operational mode of facilities at wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) should be properly adjusted according to parameters of influents, however it is very difficult without frequently performed measurements. Currently there are known many techniques and devices for assesment of wastewater parameters such as chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand,...
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Influence of magnetic field on wear in high frequency reciprocatingsliding contacts
PublikacjaResults of experimental studies concerning the influence of permanent magnetic field on wear of dry sliding contact operating at short stroke and high frequency are presented. It was found that horizontal magnetic field with different orientations relative to the sliding direction is affecting performance of the contact. The increase in frequency of sliding reduces accumulated mass loss and lowers the surface roughness of the wear...
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Inhibition of impurities formation in the synthesis of N-alkyltheobromines stimulated by microwave irradiation. Cationic and anionic response of membrane electrodes
PublikacjaN-Alkyltheobromine (1-9) derivatives were obtained by reacting theobromine with appropriate alkyl halide under microwave irradiation at 100-150 W and by conventional synthesis. Formation of by-products of oxygen atom alkylation and 1-N-alkyltheobromine ring opening were considered. The presented compounds 1-5 have been studied as ion carriers in ion-selective membrane electrodes. Selectivity of these membranes was studied towards...
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Performance of lubricated sliding contact in magnetic field
PublikacjaResults of experimental studies concerning theinfluence of permanent magnetic field on wear of lubricatedsliding contact operating at short stroke and highfrequency are presented. It was found that horizontalmagnetic is affecting performance of the contact. Thejagged delamination regions produced in the presence of amagnetic field can be regarded as easily undergoing oxidisationbecause oxygen is readily adsorbed there. Magneticfield...
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Electrical properties of Y0.08Sr0.92Ti0.92Nb0.08O3-δ after reduction in different reducing conditions
PublikacjaElectrical properties of perovskite Y0.08Sr0.92Ti0.92Nb0.08O3−ı after reduction in different conditions were studied. Relatively high electrical conductivity in samples reduced in ammonia was observed. The conductivity of Y0.08Sr0.92Ti0.92Nb0.08O3−ı reduced in ammonia at 1500 ◦C was of about 600 S/cm at 200 ◦C. Conductivity after reduction in ammonia at 1500 ◦C was stable both in hydrogen and oxygen atmosphere up to 600 ◦C. Reduction...
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A scale with ECG measurements capability for home cardiac monitoring
PublikacjaPresented device -a scale developed for enabling extra measurements, in addition to body weight and composition, the electrical activity of the heart (electrocardiogram - ECG) and the level of oxygen saturation in the blood SaO2. Electrical activity is recorded in the form of six leads, socalled - limb leads. The device allows measurement of all standard limb leads and without the need for additional procedures. ECG, although the...
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The role of biodegradable particulate and colloidal organic compounds in biological nutrient removal activated sludge systems
PublikacjaThe efficiency of denitrification and enhanced biological phosphorus removal in biological nutrient removal activated sludge systems is strongly dependent on the availability of appropriate carbon sources. Due to high costs of commercial compounds (such as methanol, ethanol, acetic acid, etc.) and acclimation periods (usually) required, the effective use of internal substrates is preferred. The aim of this study was to determine...
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Water uptake kinetics and electrical transport in BaCe0.6Zr0.2Y0.1M0.1O3−δ (M = Tb, Pr, Fe) protonic conductors
PublikacjaBaCe0.6Zr0.2Y0.1M0.1O3−d (M = Fe, Pr, Tb) is a mixed conducting oxide in which three mobile charge carriers – oxygen ion, electron/hole, and protonic defects – are present. These types of materials have gained much interest as electrode materials for protonic ceramic fuel cells (PCFCs) and protonic ceramic electrolysis cells (PCECs). In this study, the water uptake and oxygen transport properties of different BaCe0.6Zr0.2Y0.1M0.1O3−d...
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Styrene Oxidation by Copper(II) Complexes Salen-Type Encapsulated into Nay Zeolite
PublikacjaThe copper(II) complex with a Schiff-base salen-type ligand has been encapsulated in the nanopores of a NaY zeolite by using two different methodologies, the flexible ligand and in situ complex preparation methods. The encapsulated and non-encapsulated copper(II) complexes were screened as catalysts for styrene oxidation by using TBHP as the oxygen source in acetonitrile solvent. Under the optimized conditions, the catalysts exhibited...
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Local atomic order in low Pt-content nanocatalysts investigated in situ by XAS
PublikacjaThe unique features of X-ray absorption spectroscopy allow investigations of nanosized catalysts for fuel cells under working conditions. We present the results of an experiment carried out on a low Pt content electrocatalyst supported by a mesoporous heteropolyacid salt and used at the cathode of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The analysis of the EXAFS signal at the Pt L3-edge indicates that upon operating the fuel...
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Chromogenic derivatives of new bis(phenylhydrazono-1H-tetrazol-5-yl-acetonitriles) - synthesis and properties
PublikacjaDerivatives of bis(phenylhydrazono-1H-tetrazol-5-yl-acetonitriles) with oxygen and sulphur atoms in the structure of aliphatic chains were successfully synthesised. The correlation between the ligand structure and its complexation properties was investigated by absorption spectroscopy. The formation of complexes of presented compounds with metal cations (Cu2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Co2+, Fe2+ and Pb2+) was studied. Ligands 5-8 were additionally...
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The Influence of COD Fraction Forms and Molecules Size on Hydrolysis Process Developed by Comparative OUR Studies in Activated Sludge Modelling
PublikacjaThe activated sludge models (ASMs) commonly used by the International Water Association (IWA) task group are based on chemical oxygen demand (COD) fractionations. However, the proper evaluation of COD fractions, which is crucial for modelling and especially oxygen uptake rate (OUR) predictions, is still under debate. The biodegradation of particulate COD is initiated by the hydrolysis process, which is an integral part of an ASM....
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The evaluation of COD fractionation and modeling as a key factor for appropriate optimization and monitoring of modern cost-effective activated sludge systems
PublikacjaA study was conducted to characterize the raw wastewater entering a modern cost effective municipal WWTP in Poland using two approaches; 1) a combination of modeling and carbonaceous oxygen demand (COD) fractionation using respirometric test coupled with model estimation (RTME) and 2) flocculation/filtration COD fractionation method combined with BOD measurements (FF-BOD). It was observed that the particulate fractions of COD obtained...
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Double layer adhesive silicone dressing as a potential dermal drug delivery film in scar treatment
PublikacjaThe present studies focused on the evaluation of design of an adhesive silicone film intended for scar treatment. Developed silicone double layer film was examined in terms of its future relevance to therapy and applicability on the human skin considering properties which included in vitro permeability of water vapor and oxygen. In order to adapt the patches for medical use in the future there were tested such properties as...
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Modeling hydrolysis of slowly biodegradable organic compounds in biological nutrient removal activated sludge systems
PublikacjaHydrolysis is an important process in biological wastewater treatment and is known to be the ratelimiting step in organic carbon removal from municipal or industrial wastewater. The influence of the readily biodegradable chemical oxygen demand fraction in biological wastewater treatment systems has been extensively investigated, but little is known about the effects of slowly biodegradable substrate (XS) on denitrification and...
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Reliability and efficiency of pollution removal during long-term operation of a one-stage constructed wetland system with horizontal flow
PublikacjaThe paper presents the results of a study of the reliability and efficiency of pollutant removal during long term operation of a one-stage constructed wetland system with horizontal flow. The flow rate of the wastewater treatment plant was 1.2 m3·d-1 during the research period. Physical and chemical analyses of raw wastewater and treated effluent were carried out in the years 1997–2010 (14 years). During this study period, 56 series...
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Degradation of cefadroxil drug by newly designed solar light responsive alcoholic template-based lanthanum ferrite nanoparticles
PublikacjaIn this work, lanthanum ferrite nanoparticles were synthesized via a simple co-precipitation method. Two different templates, namely sorbitol and mannitol, were used in this synthesis to tune the optical, structural, morphological, and photocatalytic properties of lanthanum ferrite. The synthesized lanthanum ferrite-sorbitol (LFOCo-So) and lanthanum ferrite-mannitol (LFOCo-Mo) were investigated through Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis),...
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Supervisory fuzzy control system for biological processes in sequencing wastewater batch reactor
PublikacjaThe paper proposes the design of the supervisory heuristic fuzzy control system applied to a Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) in the Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP). Based on real data records and the biological process and aeration system models, a control system for biological processes has been designed. The supervisory control system performs management of the reactor work cycle, determines the phase length, controls the sludge...
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A competition between two- and three-body dissociation channels in photo-double-ionization of tetrahydro-2H-pyran and 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran molecules
PublikacjaVarious molecules possess structures consisting of the heterocyclic rings containing oxygen atoms. These substances often play a significant role in many different fields of chemistry, medicine, and biology. Due to a specific atomic composition and bond arrangement, many of these molecules retain unique electronic properties, which may be probed by diverse spectroscopic techniques, including those utilizing synchrotron radiation....
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9 - Solid oxide fuel and electrolysis cells
PublikacjaIn this chapter, the fundamental reactions, the geometrical designs, the material requirements, and the status of SOFCs and SOECs are presented. In the following seven chapters, the most important components of an SOC are described and the chapter ends with a summary and outlook. The described components are: (i) oxygen-ion conductors (electrolyte), (ii) anode materials for SOFCs (cathode in SOEC mode), (iii) cathode materials...
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Modelling of Diffusing Capacity Measurement Results in Lung Microangiopathy Patients. A novel Diagnostic Suppport
PublikacjaLung microangiopathy is a little known negative influence of diabetes mellitus on the functioning of the lungs. The aim of this study is to design a supportive method for diagnosing lung microangiopathy. This will be based on routinely performed pulmonary measurements as well as on investigation process modelling and data processing. A model of the diffusion of oxygen from the alveoli to the blood has been described with a set...
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Selektywne chłodzenie mózgu noworodka po niedotlenieniu okołoporodowym. Cześć 3. Hybrydowy system selektywnego chłodzenia mózgu noworodka
PublikacjaZapoczątkowane brakiem tlenu procesy biochemiczne mają zgubne skutki dla układu nerwowego, w szczególności rozwijającego się. Hipotermia, czyli stan oziębienia poniżej pewnych wartości temperatur, spowalnia znacznie lub całkowicie wyhamowuje poszczególne reakcje, i to leży u podstaw jej własności neuroprotekcyjnych. Powyższe twierdzenie poparte licznymi faktami naukowymi leży u podstaw koncepcji selektywnego chłodzenia mózgu i...
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Antioxidants: a premature scientific hypothesis that reshuffled the traditional food pyramid
PublikacjaAntioxidants present in substantial amounts in foods, plant-based products in particular, have been suggested as chemopreventive agents that can curb the development of undesirable health effects caused by oxidative stress simply by enriching diet in such compounds. This idea has been enthusiastically accepted by consumers, as well as food and pharmaceutical industry, and created great demand for products containing antioxidant...
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Studies on Treatment of Bitumen Effluents by Means of Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) in Basic pH Conditions
PublikacjaThe paper presents the results of studies on chemical treatment of effluents from production of bitumen of petroleum origin. Due to the presence of sulfide ions, the pH of these effluents is strongly alkaline. Several Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) were studied, including the use of hydroxyl and sulfate radicals oxidants, the hydrodynamic cavitation as well as sonocavitation. The best processes allow to obtain 45% reduction...
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Wpływ procesu redukcji na właściwości strukturalne i mechaniczne szkieł tlenkowych z grupy (Pb,Bi)-(Si,Ge)-O = Influence of reduction process on the structural and mechanical properties of (Pb,Bi)-(Si,Ge)-O oxide glasses
PublikacjaThe effect of the reduction process in H2 at 380 °C on the microstructure and elemental composition of a glass Bi0.4Pb0.2Si0.4Ox has been investigated. It has been shown that after reduction a clearly separated top layer with a thickness of approx. 50 µm was formed on the surface of the sample. This layer is depleted of oxygen and has higher electrical conductivity than the interior of the glass. It has also been found that some...
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Influence of reduction process on the structural and mechanical properties of (Pb,Bi)-(Si,Ge)-O oxide glasses
PublikacjaThe effect of the reduction process in H2 at 380 °C on the microstructure and elemental composition of a glass Bi0.4Pb0.2Si0.4Ox has been investigated. It has been shown that after reduction a clearly separated top layer with a thickness of approx. 50 µm was formed on the surface of the sample. This layer is depleted of oxygen and has higher electrical conductivity than the interior of the glass. It has also been found that some...
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Studies on treatment of bitumen effluents by means of Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) in basic pH conditions
PublikacjaThe paper presents the results of studies on chemical treatment of effluents from production of bitumen of petroleum origin. Due to the presence of sulfide ions, the pH of these effluents is strongly alkaline. Several Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) were studied, including the use of hydroxyl and sulfate radicals oxidants, the hydrodynamic cavitation as well as sonocavitation. The best processes allow to obtain 45% reduction...
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Microbial and chemical quality assessment of the small rivers entering the South Baltic. Part I: Case study on the watercourses in the Baltic Sea catchment area
PublikacjaThe area of the Coastal Landscape Park (CLP) due to its location is extremely attractive touristic area. In the summer season, a significant increase in population density is observed, which influences surface water quality. Large numbers of tourists generate an increased amount of municipal wastewater, being treated in local treatment plants and discharged into rivers and streams. The paper presents preliminary research from summer...
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Comparative Study of Balancing SRT by Using Modified ASM2d in Control and Operation Strategy at Full-Scale WWTP
PublikacjaDetailed knowledge on the composition of the influent going into the wastewater treatment system is essential for the development of a reliable computer model. In the context of WWTPs (wastewater treatment plants), the wastewater characteristics are not only important for activated sludge system modelling, but also have an impact on the appropriate control of single unit operations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the concepts...
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Cavitation-Based Processes for Water and Wastewater Treatment
PublikacjaCavitation based on advanced oxidation processes (Cav-AOPs) is interesting alternatives for already implemented wastewater treatment technologies. Destructive and strongly undesirable phenomena in the industry, i.e., cavitation, revealed to be useful in a positive manner as a source of energy for chemical reactions. During the implosion of cavitation bubbles, focused energy and resulting high temperature and pressure allows to...
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Synthesis and Spectroscopic Properties of New Bis-tetrazoles
PublikacjaSyntheses of N,N'-phenyltetrazole podands link with aliphatic chains containing oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur atoms, are described. The complexing properties of these compounds towards metal cations (Fe2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Co2+, Ni2+) were investigated by absorption and infrared spectroscopy. The UV-Vis titrations were performed to estimate the stability constant values of the respective complexes with Cu2+ ion. Changes in UV-Vis absorption...
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The Role of Proteins in Food
PublikacjaThis chapter describes the effect of proteins on the sensory attributes and the biological value and safety of foods. The role of proteins depends on their amino acid composition and structure, on changes due to storage and processing, as well as on interactions with other food components. The effect on the sensory quality of foods is brought about by hydrophobicity, solubility, water holding capacity, gelling, film formation,...
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Noise related to gas bottles explosions
PublikacjaModern industrialized world is in a never ending danger of accidents and catastrophes of technical nature. Some of them may involve fires and explosions of gas storage bottles or containers. Technical University of Gdansk, Poland performed numerous tests where bottles containing acetylene, oxygen, hydrogen, CO2, LPG, LNG or CNG were blown due to excessive temperature caused by fire. Although those experiments were not focused on...
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Combinated treatment of landfill leachates with wastewater in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR)
PublikacjaSanitary landfill leachates are treated usually by multistage systems using physical, chemical and biological processes. One of the most economic and efficient method is combined treatment of landfill leachates with municipal wastewater in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR. The main advantage of such co-treatment is that landfill leachates variability (in quality and quantity) do not influence the effectiveness of biological processes....
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Electro-chemo-mechanical properties in nanostructured Ca-doped ceria (CDC) by field assisted sintering
PublikacjaRecent investigations have shown that highly oxygen defective cerium oxides generate non-classical electrostriction that is superior to lead-based ferroelectrics. In this work, we report the effect of field-assisted spark plasma sintering (SPS) on electro-chemo-mechanical properties of calcium doped ceria (CDC). Nanometric powders of Ca.10 nm are rapidly consolidated to form polycrystalline nanostructures with a high degree of...
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Inner-shell fragmentation of molecules into neutral fragments in high-Rydberg states induced by soft X-ray excitation with pulsed-field ionization
PublikacjaIn the present communication, we will show the results of measurements probing the production of neutral high-Rydberg fragments at the K edges of the molecules containing oxygen and nitrogen atoms. The experiments were performed at the Gas Phase beamline of the Elettra synchrotron radiation laboratory (Trieste, Italy), exploiting a combined soft X-ray excitation with pulsed-field ionization and ion time-of-flight (TOF) spectrometry...
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Performance evaluation and model-based optimization of the mainstream deammonification in an integrated fixed-film activated sludge reactor
PublikacjaThis study aimed to model and optimize mainstream deammonification in an integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) pilot plant under natural seasonal temperature variations. The effect of gradually decreasing temperature on the performance was evaluated during a winter season and a transition period to summer conditions, and the correlation of the performance parameters was investigated using principal component analysis (PCA)....
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Dissociative photo-double-ionization of the isoxazole molecules
PublikacjaThe five-membered heterocyclic rings are incorporated into a wide variety of structures that play a vital role in many biochemical processes. In particular, the isoxazole molecule appears in many bioactive compounds due to its unique ring structure that consists of one oxygen atom and one nitrogen atom at adjacent positions. The unique atomic composition and bond arrangement of isoxazole imply its specific electronic properties...
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Evaluation of Praseodymium and Gadolinium Doped Ceria as a Possible Barrier Layer Material for Solid Oxide Cells
PublikacjaIn this work, nanocrystalline layers based on the Pr, Gd co-doped CeO2 were investigated. For the preparation of thin layers, lowtemperature spray pyrolysis technique was used. Different stoichiometries of the layers were produced for comparison on polished sapphire substrates. The microstructure of the prepared thin layers was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energydispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD)....
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Saccharides
PublikacjaSaccharides are widely distributed in nature as the major component of fruits and vegetables (primarily monosaccharides), milk and malt (mainly disaccharides), and grains (mostly polysaccharides). They are an important source of energy, structural material, as well as flavor and taste factors. Molecules of this class of compounds contain mainly carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; however, most natural saccha- rides do not have...
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Properties of Nasicon-based CO2 sensors with Bi8Nb2O17 reference electrode
PublikacjaPotentiometric CO2 sensors based on Nasicon (Na+ conductor, Na3Zr2Si2PO12) electrolyte, Bi8Nb2O17/Pt reference electrode and different sensing electrodes have been prepared. Besides the sensing electrode material, sensors differ from each other in the reference electrode preparation technique. The main aim of this study is to investigate sensor construction and electrode fabrication process influence on sensor properties. The optimal...
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Terbium Substituted Lanthanum Orthoniobate: Electrical and Structural Properties
PublikacjaThe results of electrical conductivity studies, structural measurements and thermogravimetric analysis of La1−xTbxNbO4+δ (x = 0.00, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.3) are presented and discussed. The phase transition temperatures, measured by high-temperature x-ray diffraction, were 480 °C, 500 °C, and 530 °C for La0.9Tb0.1NbO4+δ, La0.8Tb0.2NbO4+δ, and La0.7Tb0.3NbO4+δ, respectively. The impedance spectroscopy results suggest mixed conductivity...
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Fe local structure in Pt-free nitrogen-modified carbon based electrocatalysts: XAFS study
PublikacjaThe paper presents a new results on the bonding environment (coordination number and geometry) and on oxidation states of Fe in nitrogen-modified Fe/C composites used as Pt-free catalysts for oxygen reduction in Direct Hydrogen Fuel Cells. Starting from glucose or fructose, two catalysts displaying different electrochemical performance were prepared and studied in the form of pristine powder and thin catalytic layer of electrode...
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The Effect of Laser Re-Solidification on Microstructure and Photo-Electrochemical Properties of Fe-Decorated TiO2 Nanotubes
PublikacjaFossil fuels became increasingly unpleasant energy source due to their negative impact on the environment; thus, attractiveness of renewable, and especially solar energy, is growing worldwide. Among others, the research is focused on smart combination of simple compounds towards formation of the photoactive materials. Following that, our work concerns the optimized manipulation of laser light coupled with the iron sputtering to...
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Synergistic effect of TiO2 photocatalytic advanced oxidation processes in the treatment of refinery effluents
PublikacjaDifferent types of photolytic and photocatalytic advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) were used for treatment of refinery effluents from bitumen production. The treatment efficiency was evaluated by analyzing chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD5), volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and sulfide ions concentration. The studies revealed a synergistic effect of application of external oxidants (O3, H2O2, O3/H2O2)...
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Estimation and modeling hydrolysis of slowly biodegradable substrate based on the batch respirometric tests in activated sludge systems
PublikacjaNowadays, appropriate determination of chemical oxygen demand (COD) fractionation together with degradation kinetics of organic compounds have a prime importance on the design and operation of activated sludge systems. Batch respirometric tests based on the oxygen uptake rates (OUR) and corresponding COD is accepted method to reflect the consumption of biodegradable substrates. The influence of the readily biodegradable (Ss) fraction...
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Multicomponent layers for aluminium alloys surface consolidation
PublikacjaThe main reason of the surface modification of the components such as pistons and cylinder blocks made of cast aluminium alloys is to obtain high hardness, wear and corrosion resistance of the working surface for larger lifetime of the motor-car and aircraft engines. In that aspect, the new conception of development - by hybrid method - of surface layers containing manganese, nitrogen, sulphur (Mn-N-S) and manganese, nitrogen,...