Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: MERCURY METHYLMERCURY BIOACCUMULATION BIOMAGNIFICATION ANALYTICAL METHODS ORGANOMERCURY COMPOUNDS
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Algorytmy przetwarzania widm Ramana w procesie detekcji substancji chemicznych
PublikacjaRozprawa przedstawia szczegółowo algorytmy, jakie są stosowane podczas przetwarzania widm Ramana, rejestrowanych przenośnym spektrometrem o skończonej rozdzielczości. Pracę podzielono na osiem rozdziałów. W pierwszym określono cel i tezy pracy. Rozdział drugi opisuje podstawowe pojęcia dotyczące zjawiska Ramana oraz zasady budowy urządzeń do pomiarów widm Ramana. W rozdziale trzecim scharakteryzowano błędy występujące podczas pomiarów...
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Photosensitive and pH-dependent activity of pyrazine-functionalized carbazole derivative as promising antifungal and imaging agent
PublikacjaCarbazole skeleton plays a significant role as a structural scaffold of many pharmacologically active compounds. Pyrazine-functionalized carbazole derivative was constructed by coupling 2-amino-5-bromo-3-methylaminepyrazine (ABMAP) into 3 and 6 positions of the carbazole ring. Multi-experimental methods were used, e.g., potentiometric, spectroscopic (ATR, UV, XRD powder,1H and13C NMR), electrochemical (cyclic voltammetry), and...
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Theory and application of Near-infrared spectroscopy
PublikacjaIn recent years one can observe a significant increase in the requirements on quality control in all industrial sectors. The growing number of involved analyses makes the traditional, time consuming, requiring use of large quantities of reagents, thus expansive methods inconvenient especially for industrial applications. Fortunately, there is a very fast, cheap and not invasive analytical method that is increasingly used in qualitative...
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Noise sources in Raman spectroscopy of biological objects
PublikacjaWe present an overview of noise sources deteriorating the quality of the recorded biological Raman spectra and the ability to determine the specimen composition. The acquired Raman spectra exhibit intense additive noise components or drifts because of low intensity of the scattered light. Therefore we have to apply expensive or bulky measurement setups to limit their inherent noise or to apply additional signal processing to reduce...
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Biosynthetic and synthetic access to amino sugars.
PublikacjaAmino sugars are important constituents of a number of biomacromolecules and products of mi crobial secondary metabolism, including antibiotics. For most of them, the amino group is located at the positions C1, C2 or C3 of the hexose or pentose ring. In biological systems, amino sugars are formed due to the catalytic activity of specific aminotransferases or amidotransferases by introducing an amino functionality derived from L-glutamate...
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Rapid assessment of the authenticity of limequat fruit using the electronic nose and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry
PublikacjaCitrus fruits are very popular food products. There are many species and varieties of them. There are also documented cases of some citrus fruits causing a severe allergic reaction. Some species of the citrus fruits, especially hybrid ones show a reduced allergenic effect due to the lack of seeds. There is a need for rapid methods for evaluation of citrus’ botanical origin. During research, the headspace of three citrus fruits...
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The assessment of metrological properties of segmental orifice based on simulations and experiments
PublikacjaSegmental orifices are often used to measure flows of heterogeneous mixtures, especially in flow meters in the power industry, for example. The orifice (with module m= 0.25) was installed in a stainless-steel pipe with internal diameter of 50 mm, placed in a hydraulic water system. The research was performed for Reynolds numbers ranging from 9,000 to 17,000. The flow characteristics of this orifice obtained based on simulation...
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Main strategies, analytical trends and challenges in LC-MS and ambient mass spectrometry-based metabolomics
PublikacjaA plethora of analytical LC-MS-based methods have been successfully applied to analyses of complex samples of various origin for metabolomics investigations. Over the last ten years, the substantial evolution of ambient mass spectrometry (AMS) techniques has highlighted their tremendous potential in metabolomic studies due to the minimal sample pretreatment requirement and the ability to analyse samples in their native state. This...
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Green Chemistry in Higher Education: State of the Art, Challenges, and Future Trends
PublikacjaNowadays, there is increasing interest in global sustainability, and thus, university students would like to know how human actions affect the health status of our planet. This is mainly due to their basic knowledge of problems such as global warming and greenhouse gases. Students would like to gain knowledge on how to safeguard the earth for future generations. This must involve changes in education programs at interested institutions...
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Surfactants application in sample preparation techniques: Insights, trends, and perspectives
PublikacjaSince the implementation of Green Chemistry into analytical practice, significant efforts have been made to improve the sustainability of chemical analysis. These include reducing the use of hazardous chemicals and solvents, minimizing waste, and improving energy efficiency. Surfactants can be applied in chemical analysis as an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional solvents and chemicals. The use of surfactants can...
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Isotope-labeled substances in analysis of persistent organicpollutants in environmental samples
PublikacjaUltratrace analysis of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in environmental samples requires very sophisticated methods for both sample preparation and instrumental analysis. The complex matrix requires a multi-stage procedure. Each stage is a potential source of error, as a consequence of which the final result of analysis could be a source of misinformation rather than information. The individual stages and the procedure as...
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3-Monochloropropane-1,2-diol in Infant Foods and Human Breast Milk: Determination by GC-MS
Publikacja3-Monochloropropane-1,2-diol is one of the food borne contaminants called chloropropanols. Over the last decade plenty of analytical methods was developed in order to determine 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol in its free and bound form in various foodstuffs with the use of GC-FID, GC-ECD, LC-TOFMS and finally GC-MS, which is now widely used in laboratories. The aim of this research was the determination of 3-monochloropropane--1,2-diol...
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New generation of analytical tests based on the assessment of enzymatic and nuclear receptor activity changes induced by environmental pollutants
PublikacjaAnalytical methods show great potential in biological tests. The analysis of biological response that results from environmental pollutant exposure allows: (i) prediction of the risk of toxic effects and (ii) provision of the background for the development of markers of the toxicants presence. Bioanalytical tests based on changes in enzymatic activity and nuclear receptor action provide extremely high specificity and sensitivity....
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Solution of the dike-break problem using finite volume method and splitting technique
PublikacjaIn the paper the finite volume method (FVM) is presented for the solution of two-dimensional shallow water equations. These equations are frequently used to simulate the dam-break and dike-break induced flows. The applied numerical algorithm of FVM is based on the wave-propagation algorithm which ensures a stable solution and simultaneously minimizes the numerical errors. The dimensional decomposition according to the coordinate...
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Abuse or contamination? Ratio determination of clenbuterol enantiomers to distinguish between doping use and meat contamination
PublikacjaClenbuterol has been detected in urine of several athletes during routine doping control in the past years. Athletes claimed that the clenbuterol was ingested by eating contaminated meat. Providing analytical prove for this claim is difficult. clenbuterol consists of two enantiomers, R(-) and S(+)-clenbuterol. Currently available human and veterinary preparations were found to consist of a racemic mixture of both enantiomers. When...
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Lab-in-syringe as a practical technique for automatic microextraction: Evaluation by Blue Applicability Grade Index
PublikacjaLab-in-syringe (LIS) is a powerful automatic technique that is derived from sequential injection analysis. In LIS, a computer-controlled syringe pump is employed, and its syringe barrel serves as a mixing, reaction, and/or extraction chamber. Until now, the LIS concept has been efficiently employed for the automation of solid-phase microextraction and liquid-phase microextraction protocols as a front-end to a plethora of chromatographic...
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Liquid–phase microextraction: A review of reviews
PublikacjaSample preparation is an important step in chemical analysis. It is generally done to deal with problems associated with the nature of the matrix, low analyte concentrations in real samples or analyte features incompatible with the instrumentation. Classical methods of extraction consume large volumes of hazardous solvents and other reagents and are not in line with the recent emergence of green analytical chemistry. Liquid-phase...
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Simulating propagation of coherent light in random media using the Fredholm type integral equation
PublikacjaStudying propagation of light in random scattering materials is important for both basic and applied research. Such studies often require usage of numerical method for simulating behavior of light beams in random media. However, if such simulations require consideration of coherence properties of light, they may become a complex numerical problems. There are well established methods for simulating multiple scattering of light (e.g....
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Computational Complexity and Its Influence on Predictive Capabilities of Machine Learning Models for Concrete Mix Design
PublikacjaThe design of concrete mixtures is crucial in concrete technology, aiming to produce concrete that meets specific quality and performance criteria. Modern standards require not only strength but also eco-friendliness and production efficiency. Based on the Three Equation Method, conventional mix design methods involve analytical and laboratory procedures but are insufficient for contemporary concrete technology, leading to overengineering...
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Analysis of pesticide residue in fruits and vegetables using analytical analytical protocol based on application of QuEChERS technique and GC-ECD system
PublikacjaQuEChERS sample preparation method was used for the determination of 10 pesticides and their metabolites in fruits (apple, grape) and vegetables (tomato, paprika), coupled to gas chromatography with electron capture detector (GC-ECD). The experimental parameters including amount of the sample, types of solvents, extraction time and types of sorbent at the purification stage were optimized. The GC-ECD method was validated in terms...
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Próba oceny efektów projektowania układów geometrycznych toru z wykorzystaniem komercyjnych programów komputerowych
PublikacjaW pracy podjęto kwestię dokładności uzyskiwanej w projektowaniu układów geometrycznych toru z wykorzystaniem komercyjnych programów komputerowych typu CAD. Opisano w sposób ogólny funkcjonowanie wybranego programu. Do celów weryfikacji wykorzystano własną, analityczną metodę projektowania układów torowych. W analizie porównawczej rzędnych poziomych rozpatrzono trzy warianty układu geometrycznego zawierającego łuk koszowy z trzema...
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Wielokryterialna analiza porównawcza lokalizacji źródeł wytwórczych energii elektrycznej
PublikacjaArtykuł przedstawia ranking lokalizacji czterech źródeł wytwórczych energii elektrycznej: biogazowni rolniczej, biogazowni utylizacyjnej oraz dwóch elektrowni fotowoltaicznych, wykonany przy użyciu połączonych metod Analitycznego Procesu Hierarchicznego (AHP) oraz taksonomii numerycznej. Omówiono zalety połączenia metod, przedstawiono przykład zastosowania oraz wskazano kryteria o największym i najmniejszym wpływie na realizację...
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Thermal Biomass Conversion: A Review
PublikacjaIn this paper, the most important methods of thermal conversion of biomass, such as: hydrothermal carbonization (180–250 °C), torrefaction (200–300 °C), slow pyrolysis (carbonization) (300–450 °C), fast pyrolysis (500–800 °C), gasification (800–1000 °C), supercritical steam gasification, high temperature steam gasification (>1000 °C) and combustion, were gathered, compared and ranked according to increasing temperature. A comprehensive...
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Isothermal Vulcanization and Non-Isothermal Degradation Kinetics of XNBR/Epoxy/XNBR-g-Halloysite Nanotubes (HNT) Nanocomposites
PublikacjaThe effect of several concentrations of carboxylated nitrile butadiene rubber (XNBR) functionalized halloysite nanotubes (XHNTs) on the vulcanization and degradation kinetics of XNBR/epoxy compounds were evaluated using experimental and theoretical methods. The isothermal vulcanization kinetics were studied at various temperatures by rheometry and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results obtained indicated that the...
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The impact of lipophilicity on environmental processes, drug delivery and bioavailability of food components
PublikacjaLipophilic properties of the compound allow to predict its fate in living organisms and to propose the models of chemicals transport and accumulation in the ecosystem. Lipophilicity is also useful as the characteristic of chemicals in respect to their optimal attributes for specific biological and non-biological tasks. The lipophilicity descriptors define the potency of endo- and xenobiotics to metabolic transformations and their...
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Application of gas chromatography to the analysis of spirit-based alcoholic beverages
PublikacjaSpirit-based beverages are alcoholic drinks, which production processes are dependent on the type and origin of raw materials. The composition of this complex matrix is difficult to analyze and scientists commonly choose a gas chromatography techniques for this reason. With a wide selection of extraction methods and detectors it is possible to provide qualitative and quantitative analysis for many chemical compounds with a various...
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Monitoring of n-butanol vapors biofiltration process using an electronic nose combined with calibration models
PublikacjaMalodours, by definition, are generally unpleasant, nuisance smells that are a mixture of volatile chemical compounds which can be perceptible even at low concentrations. Due to the more frequent occurrence of odour nuisance associated with the odour sensations, and thus the need to remove them from the air, deodorization techniques are commonly used. Biofiltration is one of the methods of reducing odorants in the air stream. In...
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Electrochemical simulation of enzymatic transformations studied for the selected antitumor acridine derivatives
PublikacjaThe elucidation of the metabolic pathways and the biotransformation mechanisms of potential drugs is a crucial point in drug development. It allows to know the activation routes of the new biologically active compounds, especially in respect to their possible toxicity. Generally, in vivo or in vitro experiments with liver microsomes or hepatocytes are performed. However, these testing schemes are tedious, time consuming and of...
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Ocena stopnia degradacji termicznej olejów jadalnych z wykorzystaniem techniki ultraszybkiej chromatografii gazowej
PublikacjaPod wpływem podwyższonej temperatury oleje jadalne ulegają procesowi degradacji termicznej. W tym przypadku ilość lotnych związków organicznych, charakteryzujących się dużą polarnością, występujących w olejach jadalnych jest większa. Zmiany składu olejów jadalnych mogą stanowić zagrożenie dla zdrowia człowieka. Obecnie istnieje możliwości wykorzystania techniki ultraszybkiej chromatografii gazowej do oceny stopnia degradacji olejów...
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3-MCPD: A worldwide problem of food chemistry
Publikacja3-MCPD is a heat-induced food contaminant which has been widely investigated for decades. This paper presents an overview of current knowledge about 3-MCPD including its formation routes, occurrence in various foodstuffs, analytical approach, toxicological aspects and future research perspectives. So far 3-MCPD was determined in its free and bound form in thermally-treated foods, edible oils and fats, and infant foods including...
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Phosphate tricyclic coumarin analogs as steroid sulfatase inhibitors: synthesis and biological activity.
PublikacjaIn the present work, we report convenient methods for the synthesis and biological evaluation of phosphate tricyclic coumarin derivatives as potential steroid sulfatase inhibitors. The described synthesis includes the straightforward preparation of 7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]chromen-4-one, 3-hydroxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-6H-benzo[c]chromen-6-one and 3-hydroxy-8,9,10,11-tetrahydro-7H-cyclohepta[c]chromen-6-one modified...
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Physicochemical and Volatile Compounds Analysis of Fruit Wines Fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae: FTIR and Microscopy Study with Focus on Anti-Inflammatory Potential
PublikacjaThe growing trend in fruit wine production reflects consumers’ interest in novel, diverse drinking experiences and the increasing demand for healthier beverage options. Fruit wines made from kiwi, pomegranates, and persimmons fermented using S. bayanus Lalvin strain EC1118 demonstrate the versatility of winemaking techniques. Kiwifruit, persimmon, and pomegranate wines were analyzed using HPLC and GC-TOFMS analyses to determine...
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User-assisted methodology targeted for building structure interpretable QSPR models for boosting CO2 capture with ionic liquids
PublikacjaTask-specific ionic liquid (IL) is an emerging class of compounds that may be environmentally friendly. Properly selected, these compounds may be green alternative to amine solutions and can replace them in post-combustion carbon dioxide (CO2) capture processes on an industrial scale. However, owing to the vast diversity of ions and their possible combinations, laboratory research is time consuming and expensive. Therefore, computational...
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Screening evaluation of the quality of commercially available cigars, cigarillos, and bidis based on emission levels of selected terpenes and terpenoids
PublikacjaThe aim of the research was to verify the use of the solvent-free, non-destructive and easy to operate analytical method to study and compare the emissions of 16 representatives of terpenes and terpenoids from commercially available cigars, cigarillos and bidis − a potential screening analysis for the quality of combustible tobacco products. To assess the amount of organic compounds emitted to the gaseous phase from investigated...
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Chromatographic and Spectroscopic Identification and Recognition of Natural Dyes, Uncommon Dyestuff Components, and Mordants: Case Study of a 16th Century Carpet with Chintamani Motifs
PublikacjaA multi-tool analytical practice was used for the characterisation of a 16th century carpet manufactured in Cairo. A mild extraction method with hydrofluoric acid has been evaluated in order to isolate intact flavonoids and their glycosides, anthraquinones, tannins, and indigoids from fibre samples. High-performance liquid chromatography coupled to spectroscopic and mass spectrometric detectors was used for the identification of...
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Analysis of the impact of wastewater discharge on recipients: synergistic approach
PublikacjaThe dissertation presents the analysis of chemical and microbial composition of wastewater and examines the impact of wastewater discharge on the environment. Various case studies were analysed: from small settlements in a pristine European Arctic, to large municipal wastewater treatment plants in areas subjected to greater anthropogenic pressure. In order to comprehensively analyse the impact of wastewater discharge on the receiving...
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ASSESSMENT OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS EMISSIONS FROM RECYCLED LOW-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE STREAMS
PublikacjaThe recycling of plastics is currently one of the most significant industrial challenges. Due to the enormous amounts of plastic wastes generated by various industry branches, it is essential to look for the potential methods of their utilization. Nevertheless, it should not be forgotten that recycled plastics are not pure materials, and they still may show an unfavorable environmental impact. They may contain different contaminants...
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Synthesis of disubstituted 1,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrano-[3,4-b]indole-1-acetic acids derivatives
Publikacja1,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrano[3,4-b ]indole-1-acetic acid derivatives are of interest for pharmaceutical research as a core structure for synthesis of biological active substance - Etodolac (selective Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, which belongs to the Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug, NSAID, that shows a clin-ically effective analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity). Here the way of synthesis of two 1,3,4,9-tetrahydropyrano[3,4-b...
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Analysis of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables using QuEChERS sample preparation method and gas chromatography with electron capture detection
PublikacjaPesticides are a numerous and diverse group of chemical compounds. They are some of the most toxic substances contaminating the environment, which are used to eliminate pests in agriculture and the household. Despite considerable progress in the development of methods for preparing samples for analysis and for the final determination of analytes, the analysis of pesticides in biological samples continues to present challenges to...
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Devices for the production of reference gas mixtures
PublikacjaFor many years there has been growing demand for gaseous reference materials, which is connected with development in many fields of science and technology. As a result, new methodological and instrumental solutions appear that can be used for this purpose. Appropriate quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) must be used to make sure that measurement data are a reliable source of information. Reference materials are a significant...
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A Comprehensive Review of Reactive Flame Retardants for Polyurethane Materials: Current Development and Future Opportunities in an Environmentally Friendly Direction
PublikacjaPolyurethanes are among the most significant types of polymers in development; thesematerials are used to produce construction products intended for work in various conditions. Nowa-days, it is important to develop methods for fire load reduction by using new kinds of additivesor monomers containing elements responsible for materials’ fire resistance. Currently, additiveantipyrines or reactive flame retardants can be used during...
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OPTIMALIZATION OF SORBENT FEEDING IN THE DRY METHOD OF FLUE GAS DESULFURIZATION
PublikacjaThe swiftly developing sea transport contributes to a considerable increase of fuel usage in the international shipping, which results in the escalation of toxic compounds emitted into the atmosphere. It is followed by the constantly heightened requirements limiting those emissions. In the case of sulfur oxide emission, inside of SECA (Sulfur Emission Control Area), the maximum content of sulfur in the shipping fuels used on the...
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Tailoring the Size and Shape—New Path for Ammonium Metavanadate Synthesis
PublikacjaAmmonium metavanadate, NH4VO3, plays an important role in the preparation of vanadium oxides and other ammonium compounds, such as NH4V3O8, (NH4)2V3O8, and NH4V4O10, which were found to possess interesting electrochemical properties. In this work, a new route for the synthesis of NH4VO3 is proposed by mixing an organic ammonium salt and V2O5 in a suitable solvent. The one-step procedure is carried out at room temperature. Additionally,...
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Determination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in dust samples collected in air conditioning filters of different usage – method development
PublikacjaThis study presents the results of studies aimed at the development of an analytical procedure for separation, identification, and determination of PBDEs compounds in dust samples collected from automotive cabin air filters and samples collected from filters installed as part of the air purification system in academic facilities. Ultrasound-assisted dispersive solid phase extraction (UA-dSPE) was found to perform better in terms...
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Chromatographic separation, determination and identification of ecdysteroids: Focus on Maral root (Rhaponticum carthamoides, Leuzea carthamoides )
PublikacjaThe review presents general principles for choosing optimal conditions for ecdysteroid separation, identification, and isolation using HPLC/TLC techniques in RP, NP- HILIC or NP modes. Analytics of ecdyteroids pose a still insufficiently resolved problem. Plant-derived ecdysteroids are a point of interest of pharmaceutical industry and sport medicine due to their postulated adaptogenic and anabolic properties. In insects, ecdysteroids...
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Searching for the primary metabolic alterations of polycystic ovary syndrome by application of the untargeted metabolomics approach
PublikacjaDespite a large number of studies, the pathogenesis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) still remains unexplained. In light of ambiguous observations reported in metabolomics, there is a need to carry out studies focusing on confirming the discriminating power of the proposed metabolomics biomarkers. Our research aimed to perform a validation study of metabolites detected in our previous study from serum samples, on the new set...
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INVESTIGATION OF ACIDIC SOLUTIONS BY POTENTIOMETRIC TASTE SENSOR WITH ALL SOLID STATE ELECTRODES
PublikacjaPotentiometric taste sensors with electrodes containing lipophilic compound / polymer membranes were already used to distinguish commercial liquid products. In this paper a new potentiometric taste sensor consisting of six All Solid State Electrodes (ASSEs) has been presented. Each of the membrane contains a selected lipophilic compound. The set-up consists of a reference electrode and six ASSEs. The inner layer made of a conducting...
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Influence of Properties of Hydraulic Fluid on Pressure Peaks in Axial Piston Pumps’ Chambers
PublikacjaThe article concentrates on the research of the pressure peaks in a working chamber of an axial piston pump. The main focus of the article is the influence of fluid properties on the pressure peaks value. Experimental and analytical methods were used to determine the impact of the fluid density, viscosity, compressibility and aeration. The article describes the pressure peak generation process and explains the theoretical basis...
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Debonding Detection in Reinforced Concrete Beams with the Use of Guided Wave Propagation
PublikacjaOne of the most frequent damage of the reinforced concrete structures is debonding between steel bar and concrete cover. In the case of debonding occurrence not only the strength of the structure decreases, but also it is more vulnerable to corrosion damages. For this reason fast and effective methods of debonding detection in an early stage of its development need a significant boost. The paper presents analytical and experimental...
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Nonlocal three-dimensional theory of elasticity for buckling behavior of functionally graded porous nanoplates using volume integrals
PublikacjaIn this paper, the buckling of rectangular functionally graded (FG) porous nanoplates based on threedimensional elasticity is investigated. Since, similar researches have been done in two-dimensional analyses in which only large deflections with constant thickness were studied by using various plate theories; therefore, discussion of large deformations and change in thickness of plates after deflection in this study is examined....