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Search results for: CO2 EMISSIONS REDUCTION
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Badania możliwości wykorzystania cieczy jonowych w procesach oczyszczania biogazu
PublicationCelem pracy było lepsze zrozumienie mechanizmu przenikania metanu i tlenku węgla(IV) przez imidazoliowe, amoniowe oraz fosfoniowe ciecze jonowe osadzone na nośniku polimerowym, jak również opracowanie nowych procedur badawczych, przygotowania i użycia immobilizowanych membran ciekłych w procesach separacji gazów. Przeprowadzono badania przenikanie CO2 oraz CH4 przez ciecz jonowe unieruchomione w porach porowatego nośnika polimerowego...
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Analiza konkurencyjności źródeł ciepła zasilanych biomasą i współpracujących z systemem ciepłowniczym
PublicationOmówiono efekt cieplarniany i zobowiązania międzynarodowe Polski odnośnie redukcji emisji CO2. Porównano konkurencyjność źródeł indywidualnych i systemów ciepłowniczych, w których peryferyjne sieci lokalne, zasilane są ze źródeł ciepła opalanych biomasą. Przeanalizowano przypadek współpracy poprzez magistralę przesyłową lokalnego źródła ciepła opalanego biomasą z systemem ciepłowniczym zasilanym z elektrociepłowni dużej mocy na...
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Interventions reducing car usage: Systematic review and meta-analysis
PublicationThis systematic literature review aimed to investigate the extent to which transport-related interventions induced a reduction in car use. Both qualitative synthesis and meta-analysis were employed. The synthesis included 31 original studies, while the meta-analysis included 21. Of the qualitatively synthesised studies, 74 % demonstrated that interventions were effective in reducing car use. The pooled estimates of the effects...
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Hybrid Reduced Model of Continuous System
PublicationThe paper introduces an alternative method of modelling and modal reduction of continuous systems. Presented method is a hybrid one. It combines the advantages of modal decomposition method and the rigid finite element method. In the proposed method continuous structure is divided into one-dimensional continuous elements. For each 1D element modal decomposition and reduction is applied. Interactions between substructures are...
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Modelling method for a class of distributed-lumped parameter systems
PublicationThe paper presents an alternative approach for modelling and order reduction of continuous system. The proposed methodology combines application of two methods: the modal decomposition method and the rigid finite element method. The given continuous structure is divided into 1D continuous substructures. For each 1D substructure modal decomposition and reduction procedure is applied. Interactions between substructures are described...
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Space-mapping-based design flow of miniaturized broadband matching transformer with perforated metallization
PublicationA fast design procedure of unconventional passive components has been presented and experimentally validated on the basis of a wideband microstrip four-section matching transformer (50:6 OHm). A classic impedance matching circuit has been miniaturized by means of compact microstrip resonant cells (CMRCs) leading to a considerable length reduction (34%) together with minor degradation in its performance. The spacemapping-based design...
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Interactions between components of SrTi0.98 Nb0.02O3-δ-YSZ and SrTi0.98 Nb0.02O3-δ -CeO2 composites
PublicationComposites consisting of SrTiO3-based perovskite and either yttria-stabilized zirconia or ceria were investigated. The mechanical compatibility and possible inter-diffusion between phases were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. A gradual disappearance of Ce-containing phases with an increase in the temperature of reduction in hydrogen was noticed. Moreover,...
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Thermodynamic modeling of combustion process of the internal combustion engines – an overview
PublicationThe mathematical description of combustion process in the internal combustion engines is a very difficult task, due to the variety of phenomena that occurring in the engine from the moment when the fuel-air mixture ignites up to the moment when intake and exhaust valves beginning open. Modeling of the combustion process plays an important role in the engine simulation, which allows to predict incylinder pressure during the combustion,...
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Simulation-driven design of compact ultra-wideband antenna structures
PublicationPurpose–The purpose of this paper is to investigate strategies and algorithms for expedited designoptimization and explicit size reduction of compact ultra-wideband (UWB) antennas.Design/methodology/approach–Formulation of the compact antenna design problem aiming atexplicit size reduction while maintaining acceptable electrical performance is presented. Algorithmicframeworks are described suitable for handling various design situations...
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Machine-Learning-Powered EM-Based Framework for Efficient and Reliable Design of Low Scattering Metasurfaces
PublicationPopularity of metasurfaces has been continuously growing due to their attractive properties including the ability to effectively manipulate electromagnetic (EM) waves. Metasurfaces comprise optimized geometries of unit cells arranged as a periodic lattice to obtain a desired EM response. One of their emerging application areas is the stealth technology, in particular, realization of radar cross section (RCS) reduction. Despite...
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Local Mesh Deformation for accelerated parametric studies based on the Finite Element Method
PublicationThis paper presents an approach for enhancing the efficiency of two-dimensional Finite Element Method analysis in parametric studies or optimisation process of microwave components. The new approach involves local mesh deformation applied near the elements that are modified during computations. Since in the proposed approach the topology of the mesh remains unchanged, a new mesh does not have to be generated from scratch when the...
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Wytwarzanie cząstek węglanu wapnia w układzie gaz-ciecz w obecności substancji organicznych
PublicationOtrzymywano węgaln wapnia w reakcji CO2 z Ca(OH)2. Do mieszaniny reakcyjnej dodawano glikol etylenowy, glicerol lun n-butanol. Cząstki węglanu wapnia strącane w obecności substancji organicznych były mniejsze niz powstałe w wyniku procesu prowadzonego tylko w mieszninie reagentów w wodzie. Najmniejsze cząstki CaCO3 otrzymywano w obecności glicerolu, wówczas średnia średnica cząstek wynosiła 3,1x10^-3 mm dla reakcji prowadzonej...
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Perspektywy zastosowania materiałów antropogenicznych w kontekście zielonej geotechniki
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono analizę możliwości zastosowań materiałów antropogenicznych w szeroko pojętej działalności inżynierii geotechnicznej w Polsce. Skupiono się głównie wokół tzw. UPS (uboczne produkty spalania), z uwagi na związany z nimi kontekst emisyjności CO2. Zgodnie z ustaleniami protokołu z Kioto 2005, materiały tego typu będą miały w niedługiej perspektywie priorytet aplikacyjny względem kruszyw naturalnych. Podano...
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Characterization of various drinking waters by new potentiometric taste sensor with lipid, lipid-like polymer membranes
PublicationA new sensing system comprising five all-solid-state electrodes with lipid, lipid like-polymer membranes was applied for rapid qualitative and quantitative analysis of various drinking waters. The results elaborated by chemometric methods revealed sensitivity to CO2 content in drinking water, suggesting that this sensing system could be used as a taste sensor. The ability of taste sensor to perform quantitative analysis of minerals...
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STRĄCANIE WĘGLANU WAPNIA Z WYKORZYSTANIEM ODPADOWEGO ROZTWORU CHLORKU WAPNIA
PublicationWęglan wapnia strącano z modelowych roztworów chlorku wapnia w reaktorze typu gaz(CO2)-lift za pomocą gazowego dwutlenku węgla w obecności amoniaku. Wydajność strącanego węglanu wapnia wynosiła około 70%. Cząstki CaCO3 charakteryzowały się monomodalnymi rozkładami wielkości, a ich średnia średnica wynosiła od 11,8 do 28 um. Zaproponowana metoda pozwala na wykorzystanie roztworu chlorku wapnia, który jest odpadem w technologii Solvay'a...
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Precypitacja kulistych cząstek węglanu wapnia w układzie gaz-ciecz
PublicationCaCO3 strącano podczas karbonatyzacji roztworu zawierającego CaCl2 i trietanoloaminę (TEA). Dla stężeń TEA w zakresie od 0,1 do 0,25 mol/dm3 otrzymano kuliste cząstki kalcytu z niewielką domieszką cząstek sześciennych o średniej średnicy około 17 μm. Mieszane cząstki kalcytu i waterytu były wytwarzane, gdy stężenie TEA wynosiło 0,3 mol/dm3. Wielościenne cząstki kalcytu o średniej średnicy 6 μm otrzymywano podczas precypitacji prowadzonej...
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Precypitacja kulistych cząstek węglanu wapnia w układzie gaz-ciecz
PublicationCaCO3 strącano podczas karbonatyzacji roztworu zawierającego CaCl2 i trietanoloaminę (TEA). Dla stężeń TEA w zakresie od 0,1 do 0,25 mol/dm3 otrzymano kuliste cząstki kalcytu z niewielką domieszką cząstek sześciennych o średniej średnicy około 17 μm. Mieszane cząstki kalcytu i waterytu były wytwarzane, gdy stężenie TEA wynosiło 0,3 mol/dm3. Wielościenne cząstki kalcytu o średniej średnicy 6 μm otrzymywano podczas precypitacji prowadzonej...
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Standard deviation as the optimization criterion in the OptD method and its influence on the generated DTM
PublicationReduction of the measurement dataset is one of the current issues related to constantly developing technologies that provide large datasets, eg. laser scanning. It could seems that presence and evolution of processors computer, increase of hard drive capacity etc. is the solution for development of such large datasets. And in fact it is, however, the “lighter” datasets are easier to work with. Additionally, reduced datasets can...
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Nickel phase deposition on V2CTx/V2AlC as catalyst precursors for a dry methane reforming: The effect of the deposition method on the morphology and catalytic activity
PublicationDry reforming of methane (DRM) is a promising alternative technology for the production of syngas with simultaneous utilization of two main greenhouse gases (CH4, CO2). However, DRM technology is still an industrially immature process due to the lack of stable and active catalyst. Therefore, the search for new catalytic materials is of great research interest. Recently, MAX and MXenes materials are increasingly being tested as...
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Reclaiming ground tire rubber at low temperatures: benefits and limitations
PublicationLower extrusion temperatures during rubber reclamation lead to a reduction in toxic degradation products and improve the mechanical properties of vulcanizates, at the expense of reduced processability.
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Ni-WC/Al2O3 and Ni-WC/MgWO4/MgAl2O4 catalysts for resource recovery via pyrolysis combined with the dry reforming of plastics (PCDR)
PublicationPlastic waste (PW) is currently one of an environmental threat. Despite the increasing share of recycled plastics, their disposal remains high. Therefore, there is a high demand for new PW management systems. Among them, pyrolysis combined with dry reforming (PCDR) is an advantageous solution because it allows for resource recovery in the form of gas and liquid fuels, with simultaneous utilization of CO2. To date, catalysts based...
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The Use of Sensory Analysis Techniques to Assess the Quality of Indoor Air
PublicationThe quality of indoor air is one of the significant elements that influences people's well-being and health inside buildings. Emissions of pollutants, which may cause odor nuisance, are the main reason for people's complaints regarding the quality of indoor air. As a result, it is necessary to perform tests aimed at identifying the sources of odors inside buildings. The article contains basic information on the characteristics...
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A compact seven-section rat-race hybrid coupler incorporating pbg cells
PublicationA conventional rat-race coupler has been doubly miniaturized: (i) characteristic impedances and electrical lengths of microstrip sections have been adequately modified as the first step of size reduction and (ii) T-shaped PBG cells have been implemented to diminish strip section length as the second step of circuit rat-race couplerminiaturization. The experimental results show good agreement with theoretical characteristics. Furthermore,...
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Simplified Map-based Selection of Optimal Spindle Speeds When Milling Complex Structures
PublicationIn the paper a method for selecting optimal spindle speeds for complex structures during milling operations is presented. It is based on the selection of the spindle speed in accordance with a simple equation resulting from the minimisation of vibration energy, which leads to the minimisation of the work of cut-ting forces presented in previous elaborations by the authors [1]. Optimal spindle speeds are obtained for many points...
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Doubly miniaturized rat-race hybrid coupler
PublicationTwo complementary miniaturization techniques have beenapplied to reduce the size of a rat-race hybrid coupler: (i) conventional microstrip sections have been replaced with their diminished lowimpedance counterparts as the first step of size reduction and (ii) novel fractal-shaped compact microstrip resonant cells dedicated to efficiently shorten low-impedance transmission line segments have been implemented as the second step of...
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Slow-wave resonant structures in branch-line coupler miniaturization: a case study
PublicationA case study of novel slow-wave resonant structures dedicated to efficient microstrip branch-line coupler size reduction has been presented. A compact 3-dB branch-line coupler has been designed to mimic the performance of its conventional counterpart, simultaneously demonstrating a substantial 88% surface area reduction. The vital usefulness of the approach in the process of microstrip line abbreviation has been experimentally...
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Macromodeling techniques for accelerated finite element analysis
PublicationThis paper deals with the Model Order Reduction applied locally in the Finite Element Method (FEM) analysis. Due to the reduction process, blocks of FEM system matrices associated with selected subregions of the computational domain are projected onto the subspaces spanned by the vectors of suited orthogonal projection basis. In effect, large and sparse FEM matrices are replaced with small and dense ones, called macromodels. This...
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Performance and emission characteristics of diesel engines running on gaseous fuels in dual-fuel mode
PublicationConventional fossil fuels are being substituted with alternative green fuels because of their greenhouse gas emissions and pollution problems, which pose a severe threat to the environment. Several studies have reported the usage of biodiesel and gaseous fuels in both single and dual-fuel modes. Gaseous fuels such as producer gas, biogas, syngas, and hydrogen produced from renewable biomass could potentially be used along with...
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Reliability of Corroded Stiffened Plate Subjected to Uniaxial Compressive Loading
PublicationThe work is focused on the reliability of corroded stiffened plates subjected to compressive uniaxial load based on the progressive collapse approach as stipulated by the Common Structural Rules for Bulk Carriers and Oil Tankers, employing the limit state design. Two different cases have been investigated. In the first model, the corrosion degradation led to uniform thickness loss, whereas the mechanical properties were unchanged,...
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Cavitation Erosion Resistance of Austenitic Microstructure Created byLaser Beam
PublicationPraca przedstawia własności kawitacyjne różnych mikfrostruktur austenitycznych tworzonych za pomocą wiązki lasera na stalach X5CrNi18-10 oraz C45. Stal X5CrNi18-10 była laserowo stopowana węglikiem TiC oraz stopowana Ni, Mn, Cr i Nb. Jako żródło mocy stosowany był laser CO2. Własności kawitacyjne oceniane były na stanowisku z wirującą tarczą. Badania ujawniły różną podatność struktury austenicycznej do odkształceń plastycznych...
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Synthesis and Spectroscopic Properties of New Bis-tetrazoles
PublicationSyntheses of N,N'-phenyltetrazole podands link with aliphatic chains containing oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur atoms, are described. The complexing properties of these compounds towards metal cations (Fe2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Co2+, Ni2+) were investigated by absorption and infrared spectroscopy. The UV-Vis titrations were performed to estimate the stability constant values of the respective complexes with Cu2+ ion. Changes in UV-Vis absorption...
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Noise related to gas bottles explosions
PublicationModern industrialized world is in a never ending danger of accidents and catastrophes of technical nature. Some of them may involve fires and explosions of gas storage bottles or containers. Technical University of Gdansk, Poland performed numerous tests where bottles containing acetylene, oxygen, hydrogen, CO2, LPG, LNG or CNG were blown due to excessive temperature caused by fire. Although those experiments were not focused on...
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Algorytmy obróbki danych dla diagnostyki ran pooperacyjnych w kardiochirurgii
PublicationDo oceny procesu gojenia ran pooperacyjnych wykorzystana została koncepcja aktywnej termografii dynamicznej (ATD) z pobudzeniem w postaci nawiewu mieszaniny powietrza i rozprężonego CO2. Specyficzne dla aplikacji oceny gojenia ran jest przetwarzanie uzyskanych sekwencji termogramów polegające na analizie rozkładów parametrów modelu dwueksponencjalnego wzdłuż linii cięcia w kolejnych dwóch badaniach - w trzeciej i szóstej dobie...
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Modeling the effect of electric vehicles on noise levels in the vicinity of rural road sections
PublicationNumerous European countries experience a steady increase in the share of electric (EV) and hybrid electric (HEV) vehicles in the traffic stream. These vehicles, often referred to as low- or zero-emission vehicles, significantly reduce air pollution in the road environment. They also have a positive effect on noise levels in city centers and in the surroundings of low-speed roads. Nevertheless, issues related to modeling noise from...
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Możliwości redukcji przebiegowego zużycia paliwa przy zastosowaniu elektronicznych systemów wspomagających kierowców
PublicationElektroniczne systemy wspomagające kierowcę pomagają kierującym kontrolować sytuację na drodze, przekazują sygnały do układu hamulcowego i napędowego, rozpoznają znaki drogowe, pozwalają utrzymać odpowiedni dystans w czasie jazdy w kolumnie, a także kontrolują położenie pojazdu na pasie ruchu. Elek-troniczne systemy wspomagające kierowcę pomagają również zmniejszyć przebiegowe zużycie paliwa, poprzez odpowiednie sterowanie układem...
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Poroelastic Material for Urban Roads Wearing Courses
PublicationConventional road materials used for producing wearing courses of roads are based on mineral aggregate and bituminous or Portland cement binders. The road materials must be optimized for different properties, including skid resistance, durability, rolling resistance and tire/road noise. Unfortunately, it seems that within classic technologies it is very difficult to achieve further reduction of tire/road noise. Innovative porous...
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TIRE/ROAD NOISE AND TIRE ROLLING RESISTANCE ON PROTOTYPE PERS SURFACE
PublicationPoroelastic road surfaces are characterized by low noise of tires running on them.Road pavements of this type are promising solution to problems related to traffic noise in cities and on rural roads. Some technical problems still have to be solved, in particular regarding durability and skid resistance on wet surface. Ongoing and planned works are to contribute to create a quiet, durable and safe road surface, which will become...
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Poroelastic Material for Urban Roads Wearing Courses
PublicationConventional road materials used for producing wearing courses of roads are based on mineral aggregate and bituminous or Portland cement binders. The road materials must be optimized for different properties, including skid resistance, durability, rolling resistance and tire/road noise. Unfortunately, it seems that within classic technologies it is very difficult to achieve further reduction of tire/road noise. Innovative porous...
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Environmental Impacts of Renewable Energy Technologies
PublicationNowadays, fossil fuels are the main sources energy from which electricity is obtained. But these sources will not last forever, so in due course renewable energies will have to replace them in this role. All energy sources have some impact on our environment. Fossil fuels — coal, oil, and natural gas — do substantially more harm than renewable energy sources by most measures, including air and water pollution, damage to public...
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Mainstream shortcut N removal modeling current status and perspectives
PublicationThis work gives an overview of the state-of-the-art in modelling of short-cut processes for nitrogen removal in mainstream wastewater treatment and presents future perspectives for directing research efforts in line with the needs of practice. The modelling status for deammonification (i.e., anammox-based) and nitrite-shunt processes is presented with its challenges and limitations. The importance of mathematical models for considering...
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PARAMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE EFFICIENCY OF THE COMBINED GAS-STEAM TURBINE UNIT OF A HYBRID CYCLE FOR THE FPSO VESSEL
PublicationA thermal diagram of the combined gas‒steam turbine unit of a hybrid cycle, which is an energy complex consisting of a base gas turbine engine with a steam turbine heat recovery circuit and a steam-injected gas turbine operating with overexpansion, is proposed. A mathematical model of a power plant has been developed, taking into consideration the features of thermodynamic processes of simple, binary, and steam-injected...
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Magazynowanie energii elektrycznej
PublicationŚwiatowa gospodarka opiera się na energii, dlatego wymaga się, aby energia była łatwo dostępna, stosunkowo tania, a jej dostawy niezawodne. Zmiany klimatyczne powodują jednak, że wzrastają wymogi dotyczące redukcji emisji CO2, a co za tym idzie – zwiększenia udziału „zielonej energii” pochodzącej ze źródeł odnawialnych. Ramy europejskiej polityki klimatyczno-energetycznej do roku 2030 zakładają m.in. redukcję emisji ditlenku węgla...
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Degradation of xylose using a microbial fuel cell
PublicationIt is generally known, that many kind of microorganisms are capable of using carbohydrates as a source of carbon and energy in an environment. The biodegradation process of monosaccharides from pentoses (in this case- racemic mixture of D - and L – xylose) is an immense opportunity for an entire reduction of biological contamination to neutral compounds through MFC. The process is occurred in a single-chamber MFC, which is contained...
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The vibration-based assessment of the influence of elevated temperature on the condition of concrete beams with pultruded GFRP reinforcement
PublicationConcrete beams reinforced with glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars subjected to elevated temperature have been experimentally studied. The influence of high temperatures on GFRP-reinforced concrete beams condition has been check both, destructively and nondestructively. The nondestructive tests foresaw vibration-based tests to obtain the natural frequency values after exposure to varying temperatures. The vibration-based...
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The retrofitting of ships by applying retractable bow hydrofoils: a case study
PublicationIncreasing environmental requirements and a relatively long ship life of 30 years mean more attention is needed to retrofit existing ships. One possibility is using hydrofoils to reduce the ship’s resistance and improve comfort and safety in rough sea conditions. This study investigates the influence of retractable bow hydrofoils on the seakeeping performance and operational conditions of a selected case study vessel (V-shaped...
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Influence of Dielectric Overlay Permittivity on Size and Performance of Miniaturized ESPAR Antenna
PublicationIn this paper, influence of dielectric overlay permittivity on miniaturized ESPAR antenna parameters is presented. ESPAR antenna is a low-cost and energy-efficient way to implement beam steering capability to a node and improve network performance. The antenna size reduction is obtained by embedding its active and passive elements in ABS based materials of relative permittivity equal to 4, 5.5 and 7.5 in order to achieve network...
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Local mesh morphing technique for parametrized macromodels in the finite element method
PublicationThis paper presents a novel approach for enhancing the efficiency of the design process of microwave devices by means of the finite element method. It combines mesh morphing with local model order reduction (MOR) and yields parametrized macromodels that can be used to significantly reduce the number of variables in the FEM system of equations and acceleration of computer simulation. A projection basis for local reduction is generated...
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An improved method for flow boiling heat transfer with account of the reduced pressure effect
PublicationIn the paper are presented the results using the authors own model to predict heat transfer coefficient during flow boiling. The model has been tested against a large selection of experimental data to investigate the sensitivity of the in-house developed model. In the work are presented the results of calculations obtained using the semi-empirical model on selected experimental flow boiling data of the refrigerants: R134a, R1234yf,...
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Driving Performance Indicators of Electric Bus Driving Technique: Naturalistic Driving Data Multicriterial Analysis
PublicationThe issue of electric energy saving in public transport is becoming the key area of interest. By improving of driving techniques and the implementation of eco-driving, it is possible to save electric energy. Systems that help to decrease energy consumption and to reduce fuel emissions are becoming popular in vehicles powered by diesel engines. However, these methods have not yet gained popularity in electric vehicles. Therefore,...
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Direct measurements of odorous volatile organic compounds present in biosolids cakes by Proton Transfer Reaction – Mass Spectrometry Technique
PublicationThis paper show the results of investigation of concentration of odorous chemical compounds emitted upon ageing of anaerobically stabilised biosolids that could contribute to the overall odour character of nuisance emissions. Biosolids samples from wastewater treatment plant were collected in spring time. Concentrations of volatile organic compounds using a US EPA flux hood and Proton Transfer Reaction-Time of Flight-Mass Spectrometry...