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Szara strefa na krajowym rynku pracy
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono zjawisko szarej strefy w Polsce, wskazując m.in. przyczyny jej tworzenia się oraz szacowane jej rozmiary. Zwrócono też uwagę na to, że mimo jej generalnie negatywnej oceny, niesie ona ze sobą także pewne pozytywne skutki dla gospodarki.
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Thermal Instability of Gold Thin Films
PublicationThe disintegration of a continuous metallic thin film leads to the formation of isolated islands, which can be used for the preparation of plasmonic structures. The transformation mechanism is driven by a thermally accelerated diffusion that leads to the minimalization of surface free energy in the system. In this paper, we report the results of our study on the disintegration of gold thin film and the formation of nanoislands...
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Quenching effects in organic electroluminescence
PublicationWe examine various electronic processes that underlie the quenching of the emission from highly efficient phosphorescent and electrophosphorescent organic solid-state molecular systems. As an example, we study the luminescent efficiencies from the phosphorescent iridium (III) complex, fac tris (2-phenylpyridine) iridium [(Ir (ppy)3] doped into a diamine derivative doped polycarbonate hole-transporting matrix and in the form...
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Mineral and Organic Matter Constituents in Weak Interfaces in Shales
PublicationThis paper identifies formation interfaces that would appear to be "weak interfaces", in the Jurassic, Early- Cretaceous Vaca Muerta formation, in the Neuquén Basin, Argentina. Significant distribution of the weak interfaces was observed including contacts between volcanic ash layers of varying thicknesses, calcite-filled veins, and contacts between lithology changes, such as between argillaceous mudstone and mottled carbonates....
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Closer look into the structures of tetrabutylammonium bromide–glycerol-based deep eutectic solvents and their mixtures with water
PublicationIn recent years, deep eutectic solvents (DES) and it’s mixture with water have become more and more attention as green solvents used in chemistry. However, there are only a few theoretical studies on the mechanisms of pure DES and DES-water complex formation. Therefore, the structural properties of tetrabutylammonium bromide–glycerol-based deep eutectic solvents and their mixtures with water have been investigated by means of Molecular...
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Interspecies distances between propionic acid degraders and methanogens in syntrophic consortia for optimal hydrogen transfer
PublicationA mixed culture from an anaerobic biowaste digester was enriched on propionate and used to investigate interspecies hydrogen transfer in dependence of spatial distances between propionate degraders and methanogens. From 20.3 mM propionate, 20.8 mM acetate and 15.5 mM methane were formed. Maximum specific propionate oxidation and methane formation rates were 49 and 23 mmol mg−1day−1, respectively. Propionate oxidation was inhibited by...
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Experimental Evaluation of ND: YAG Laser Parameters and Sample Preparation Methods for Texturing Thin AISI 316L Steel Samples
PublicationIn mechanical and material engineering, the effect of laser texturing depends on many factors besides device specification, primarily the properties of the materials being processed, and, secondly, the preparation of the sample. Laser texturing of thin (<5 mm) samples is mostly performed utilizing short-pulse lasers, but depending on the power of the laser beam, the process can also be performed by using continuous operation lasers....
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H2AX phosphorylation, its role in DNA damage response and cancer therapy
PublicationDouble-strand breaks (DSBs) are the most deleterious DNA lesions, which, if left unrepaired, may have severe consequences for cell survival, as they lead to chromosome aberrations, genomic instability, or cell death. Various physical, chemical, and biological factors are involved in DSB induction. Cells respond to DNA damage by activating the so-called DNA damage response (DDR), a complex molecular mechanism developed to detect...
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The application of moving bed biofilm reactor to denitrification process after trickling filters
PublicationThe paper presents research of a prototype moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR). The device was used for the post-denitrification process and was installed at the end of a technological system consisting of a septic tank and two trickling filters. The concentrations of suspended biomass and biomass attached on the EvU Perl moving bed surface were determined. The impact of the external organic carbon concentration on the denitrification...
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Extractive detoxification of feedstocks for the production of biofuels using new hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents – Experimental and theoretical studies
PublicationThe paper presents a synthesis of novel hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (DESs) composed of natural components, which were used for removal of furfural (FF) and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) from lignocellulosic hydrolysates. The main physicochemical properties of DESs were determined, followed by explanation of the DES formation mechanism, using 1H NMR, 13C NMR and FT-IR analysis and density functional theory (DFT). The most...
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Dissolution of Nb-doped hydroxyapatite prepared via low-temperature mechanochemical method: Spectroscopy studies
PublicationCalcium phosphate glass ceramics with nominal hydroxyapatite stoichiometry doped with niobium were synthesized using simple as well as low-temperature mechanochemical method and then in the form of compressed pellet were submitted to the static dissolution process in distilled water for one month. The results of structural analysis, performed mainly on the base of spectroscopic methods such as: infrared absorption spectroscopy,...
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Aggregation of Rhodamine 6G in titanium dioxide nanolayers and bulk xerogels
PublicationNanolayers and bulk xerogels of Rhodamine 6G (Rh6G) in titanium dioxide (Rh6G/TiO2) were prepared using the sol–gel method. The spectroscopic and structural properties of these two types of hybrid matrices were studied as a function of dye concentration. In both cases absorption, fluorescence and time resolved emission spectra show the formation of fluorescent aggregates. The observed stronger changes in characteristics of bulk...
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Sustainable Management of Food Wastes Through Cavitation-Assisted Conversion into Value-Added Products
PublicationMore than 30% of worldwide food consumption is thrown out as food wastes causing serious environmental, economic, and social problems. Therefore, it is required to develop sustainable food waste management methods leading to an enhancement in social and economic benefits and mitigation of environmental impacts. Anaerobic digestion can be regarded as one of those effective methods that can be employed for the conversion of food...
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Modified nanodiamond particle size studies by means of dynamic light scattering technique
PublicationThe Methods Utilizing the Phenomena of Light Scattering to Measure Particle Size distribution in different solvent, such as deionise water and alcohol and also to study the various structural formation when nanodiamond solution is placed on silicon surface. The purpose of this research project is divided into two parts to configure the measurement units for examining modified nanodiamond particles, examination...
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Modified nanodiamond particle size studies by means of dynamic light scattering technique
PublicationThe Methods Utilizing the Phenomena of Light Scattering to Measure Particle Size distribution in different solvent, such as deionise water and alcohol and also to study the various structural formation when nanodiamond solution is placed on silicon surface. The purpose of this research project is divided into two parts to configure the measurement units for examining modified nanodiamond particles, examination...
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Dissociative electron attachment to the radiosensitizing chemotherapeutic agent hydroxyurea
PublicationDissociative electron attachment to hydroxyurea was studied in the gas phase for electron energies ranging from zero to 9 eV in order to probe its radiosensitizing capabilities. The experiments were carried out using a hemispherical electron monochromator coupled with a quadrupole mass spectrometer. Diversified fragmentation of hydroxyurea was observed upon low energy electron attachment and here we highlight the major dissociation...
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Improvement of opipramol base solubility by complexation with β-cyclodextrin
PublicationOpipramol (OPI), a tricyclic antidepressant and anxiolytic compound, is administered orally in the form of a dihydrochloride. Salt form of the drug has a higher solubility in water and hence bioavailability and stability. A similar effect can be achieved by closing the hydrophobic part of the drug molecule in the cyclodextrin cavity. The paper presents opipramol inclusion complexes with beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD) in 1:1 molar ratio....
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Low-energy positron scattering from gas-phase benzene
PublicationIn this paper we are presenting calculations of the elastic cross section of positrons with gas-phase benzene for the energy range from 0.25 eV to 9.0 eV. The calculations are done with the molecular R-matrix method for positron-scattering from poly-atomic molecules using a scaling factor to scale the electron-positron interaction. The scaling factor influences the position of the poles of the R-matrix. We adjust the scaling factor...
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Quantitative Analysis of Biofilm Formed on Vascular Prostheses by Staphylococcus Epidermidis with Different ica and aap Genetic Status
PublicationOBJECTIVES: This study aims to examine biofilm formed on vascular prostheses by Staphylococcus epidermidis with different ica and aap genetic status, and to evaluate the effect of antibiotic-modified prostheses on bacterial colonization. METHODS: Biofilm formation was determined using fluorescence microscopy imaging. Quantitative analysis was conducted using the biofilm coverage ratio (BCR) calculations. RESULTS: Our investigations...
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Badanie i porównanie zdolności wybranych leków i związków przeciwnowotworowych do międzyłańcuchowego sieciowania DNA mitochondrialnego i jądrowego w komórkach nowotworowych
PublicationCelem pracy było zbadanie zdolności przeciwnowotworowych związków do indukowania międzyłańcuchowych wiązań sieciujących DNA mitochondrialne w ludzkich komórkach nowotworowych oraz porównanie ze zdolnością do sieciowania DNA jądrowego. Pochodna 4-metylo-1-nitroakrydyny C-1748, Ledakrin i mitomycyna C wykazują zdolność do sieciowania mtDNA i jDNA w komórkach raka okrężnicy HCT-8 w sposób zależny od dawki; C-1748 w komórkach raka...
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Operational causes of fatigue failures within the passages of gas turbine engines
PublicationThe short profile of a fatigue wear process of gas turbine engine's constructional elements has been introduced in the article. The primary causes of a fatigue cracks formation within the mechanical system as well as within the passages of the engine have been showed. Especial attention was devoted to the low-cycle fatigue, what is associated with unsteady thermal-flow processes being worked out in the passages.The selected damages...
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The reactivity of 1,1-dichloro-2,2-di-tert-butyldiphosphane towards lithiated metal carbonyls: a new entry to phosphanylphosphinidene dimers
PublicationReactions of [Cp*(OC)3M]Li (Cp* = C5Me5, M = Mo, W) towards t-Bu2P–PCl2 lead to the formation of phosphanylphosphinidene dimers [Cp*(OC)3M(η2-t-Bu2P–P)]2 in fairly good yields. The formation of a tetraphosphorus ligand proceeds via reductive dimerization of t-Bu2P–P units. NMR, X-ray investigations and DFT calculations show that the resulting tetraphosphorus ligand has a structure of dication t-Bu2P+=P–P=P+t-Bu2.
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Why is the cubic structure preferred in newly formed ice?
PublicationMolecular dynamics was employed to explain the preference for the cubic structure in newly formed crystals of ice. The results showed that in supercooled liquid water the molecules connected by hydrogen bonds are more likely to adopt relative orientations similar to the ones characteristic for cubic ice. The observed preference for certain relative orientations of molecules in the hydrogen-bonded pairs results in the higher probability...
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ENHANCED EVAPORATION OF THE DROPLETS OF CONDENSATE IN THE ASYMMETRICAL SHOCK WAVE ZONE
PublicationIn the low-pressure part of steam turbine, the state path usually crosses the saturation line in penultimate stages [4,5]. The formation and evolution of these droplets lower the performance of the wet stages of the turbines, and their effects on the efficiency are collectively known as wetness losses [4]. Nowadays, due to work of steam turbines at partial load, process of homogeneous and heterogeneous condensation still is current....
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TMSCl Promoted Acylation of Amines with 5-(α-amino- α'-hydroxy)methylene Meldrum's Acids - Elucidation of Mechanism.
PublicationRecently we have observed accelerating influence of trimethyl silyl chloride addition on the rate of the reactions of 5-(α-amino- α'-hydroxy)methylene Meldrum's Acids with amines, particularly in the case of highly basic amines. However the nature of the aforementioned process remain unexplained. In proposed communication we wish to report insightful elucidation of this mechanism. The reaction under investigation involves simply...
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Solubility of Methane in Water: Some Useful Results for Hydrate Nucleation
PublicationIn this paper, the solubility of methane in water along the 400 bar isobar is determined by computer simulations using the TIP4P/Ice force field for water and a simple LJ model for methane. In particular, the solubility of methane in water when in contact with the gas phase and the solubility of methane in water when in contact with the hydrate has been determined. The solubility of methane in a gas–liquid system decreases as temperature...
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Performance of the PVT solar collector operated with water-Al2O3 nanofluid
PublicationAn experimental investigation of the hybrid module photovoltaic panel -solar collector (PVT) cooled by water-Al2O3 nanofluids has been conducted. The weight fractions of the nanoparticles were 1% and 3%. Thermal efficiency, power efficiency and overall efficiency have been determined for artificial source of light and sunlight. No noticeable effect of the nanoparticle concentration on the overall efficiency of the PVT module has...
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PERFORMANCE OF THE PVT SOLAR COLLECTOR OPERATED WITH WATER –AL2O3 NANOFLUID
PublicationAn experimental investigation of the hybrid module photovoltaic panel -solar collector (PVT) cooled by water-Al2O3 nanofluids has been conducted. The weight fractions of the nanoparticles were 1% and 3%. Thermal efficiency, power efficiency and overall efficiency have been determined for artificial source of light and sunlight. No noticeable effect of the nanoparticle concentration on the overall efficiency of the PVT module has...
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Synthesis of 2-amino-2,6-dideoxy-D-glucitol-6-sulfonic acid as a potential antifungal agent.
PublicationGlucosamine-6P (GlcN-6P) synthase catalyzes the first committed step in the biosynthetic pathway leading to the formation of UDP-GlcNAc, a sugar nucleotide precursor providing D-glucosamine for the formation of chitin and manoproteins. 2-Amino-2,6-dideoxy-D-glucitol-6-sulfonic acid is an analog of 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucitol 6-phosphate (GlcN-ol-6-P), a known inhibitor of GlcN-6-P synthase, in which the phosphate group of the latter...
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A Review on Deactivation and Regeneration of Catalysts for Dimethyl Ether Synthesis
Publicationhe deactivation of catalysts and their regeneration are two very important challenges that need to be addressed for many industrial processes. The most quoted reasons for the deterioration of dimethyl ether synthesis (DME) concern the sintering and the hydrothermal leaching of copper particles, their migration to acid sites, the partial formation of copper and zinc hydroxycarbonates, the formation of carbon deposits, and surface...
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Missing Puzzle Pieces in Dementia Research: HCN Channels and Theta Oscillations
PublicationIncreasing evidence indicates a role of hyperpolarization activated cation (HCN) channels in controlling the resting membrane potential, pacemaker activity, memory formation, sleep, and arousal. Their disfunction may be associated with the development of epilepsy and age-related memory decline. Neuronal hyperexcitability involved in epileptogenesis and EEG desynchronization occur in the course of dementia in human Alzheimer’s Disease...
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Thermochemistry of rare earth perovskites Na3xRE0.67−xTiO3 (RE = La, Ce)
PublicationHigh-temperature oxide melt solution calorimetry using sodium molybdate (3Na2O·4MoO3) solvent at 973 K was performed for the Na3xRE0.67−xTiO3 (RE = La, Ce) perovskite series. The enthalpies of formation of lanthanum perovskites from oxides (La2O3, Na2O, TiO2), are −107.25 ± 2.56, −93.83 ± 6.06, −80.68 ± 5.93, and −33.49 ± 4.26 kJ/mol and enthalpies of formation from elements are −1614.05 ± 5.37, −1596.44 ± 7.68, −1594.03 ± 7.58,...
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Isothermal turbines − New challenges. Numerical and experimental investigations into isothermal expansion in turbine power plants
PublicationThe efficiency of power plants with steam or gas turbines depends on the efficiencies of a thermodynamic cycle and devices implementing this cycle. In the case of high power outputs, we cannot expect a significant increase in the efficiency of individual devices. Therefore, what remains is to increase the efficiency of the implemented thermodynamic cycle - the complex Rankine cycle in the case of steam turbines or the extended...
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Multi-objective optimization of the ORC axial turbine for a waste heat recovery system working in two modes: cogeneration and condensation
PublicationDue to the demand of the district heating network and electric power grid ORC turbines can operate in the condensation and cogeneration modes. This approach requires the design of an expander which is characterized by high efficiency in each mode of operation. The paper is devoted to a multi-objective efficiency optimization of a one stage axial ORC turbine working on MM (Hexamethyldisiloxane). An Implicit Filtering algorithm (IF)...
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Proton transfer reactions for ionized water clusters
PublicationCalculations of formation energies of the ionized water clusters and energies of reactions between small (including less than eight water molecules) neutral and positively ionized water clusters are presented. Moreover, we discuss some reaction paths between neutral and positively charged dimers, trimers and tetramers and proton transfer reactions (PTR) between cyclic clusters and H3O+ ions which can appear in beam experiments...
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Characteristics of LaCo 0.4 Ni 0.6-x Cu x O 3-δ ceramics as a cathode material for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells
PublicationIn this study, the effects of Cu-ion substitution on the densification, microstructure, and physical properties of LaCo0.4Ni0.6-xCuxO3-δ ceramics were investigated. The results indicate that doping with Cu ions not only enhances the densification but also promotes the grain growth of LaCo0.4Ni0.6-xCuxO3-δ ceramics. The Cu substitution at x ≤ 0.2 can suppress the formation of La4Ni3O10, while the excess Cu triggers the formation...
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Chlorinated solvents in a petrochemical wastewater treatment plant: Anassessment of their removal using self-organising maps
PublicationThe self-organising map approach was used to assess the efficiency of chlorinated solvent removal frompetrochemical wastewater in a refinery wastewater treatment plant. Chlorinated solvents and inorganicanions (11 variables) were determined in 72 wastewater samples, collected from three different purificationstreams. The classification of variables identified technical solvents, brine from oil desalting andrunoff sulphates as pollution...
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Thin layer of ordered boron-doped TiO2 nanotubes fabricated in a novel type of electrolyte and characterized by remarkably improved photoactivity
PublicationThis paper reports a novel method of boron doped titania nanotube arrays preparation by electrochemical anodization in electrolyte containing boron precursor – boron trifluoride diethyl etherate (BF3 C4H10O), simultaneously acting as an anodizing agent. A pure, ordered TiO2 nanotubes array, as a reference sample, was also prepared in solution containing a standard etching compound: ammonium fluoride. The doped and pure titania...
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Management of Dark Fermentation Broth via Bio Refining and Photo Fermentation
PublicationLignocellulose and starch-based raw materials are often applied in the investigations regarding biohydrogen generation using dark fermentation. Management of the arising post-fermentation broth becomes a problem. The Authors proposed sequential processes, to improve the efficiency of both hydrogen generation and by-products management carried under model conditions. During the proposed procedure, the simple sugars remaining in...
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Helium-assisted, solvent-free electro-activation of 3D printed conductive carbon-polylactide electrodes
PublicationFused filament fabrication is one of the most rapidly developing 3D printing techniques, with numerous applications, including in the field of applied electrochemistry. Here, the utilisation of conductive carbon black polylactic acid (CB-PLA) for 3D printouts is the most promising. To use CB-PLA as an electrode material, an activation process must be performed, removing the polymer matrix and uncovering the electrically conductive...
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TiO2 nanotube arrays-based reactor for photocatalytic oxidation of parabens mixtures in ultrapure water: Effects of photocatalyst properties, operational parameters and light source
PublicationSelf-organized TiO2 nanotubes as immobilized photocatalysts were evaluated in detail for the photocatalytic degradation of parabens mixtures from ultrapure water. This kind of approach can be a very suitable option for emerging contaminants degradation considering the possibility of the catalyst reuse and recovery which will be simpler than when catalytic powders are used. The anodization method was applied for the TiO2 nanotubes...
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The effect of alkyl chain length on synergistic effects in micellization and surface tension reduction in nonionic gemini (S-10) and anionic surfactants mixtures
PublicationMixtures of nonionic gemini surfactant S-10 ( α, α'-[2,4,7,9-tetrametyl-5-decyne-4,7-diyl]bis[ω-hydroxy -polioxyetylene] with anionic SRS (sodium alkylsulfates) and SRSO3 (sodium alkylsulfonates) of different alkyl chain length (from 10 to 14 carbon atoms) were investigated. Surface tension measurements were used to find the cmc values and other adsorption parameters. The Clint, Rubingh’s and Rosen theories were applied for evaluation...
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Observation of the Hydrogen Migration in the Cation-Induced Fragmentation of the Pyridine Molecules
PublicationThe ability to selectively control chemical reactions related to biology, combustion, and catalysis has recently attracted much attention. In particular, the hydrogen atom relocation may be used to manipulate bond-breaking and new bond-forming processes and may hold promise for far-reaching applications. Thus, the hydrogen atom migration preceding fragmentation of the gas-phase pyridine molecules by the H+, H2+, He+, He2+, and...
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Morphology control through the synthesis of metal-organic frameworks
PublicationDesignable morphology and predictable properties are the most challenging goals in material engineering. Features such as shape, size, porosity, agglomeration ratio significantly affect the final properties of metal- organic frameworks (MOFs) and can be regulated throughout synthesis parameters but require a deep under- standing of the mechanisms of MOFs formation. Herein, we systematically summarize the effects of the indi- vidual...
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Air-cooled photovoltaic roof tile as an example of the BIPVT system – An experimental study on the energy and exergy performance
PublicationThe air-cooled photovoltaic tile is a subject of presented investigations, which focused on improving the overall system efficiency of PV tiles with heat recovery. The operational efficiency of a PV roof tile, together with the construction optimising the air cooling efficiency, were the main points of plans realized at this research stage. The article describes the experimental research consisting of the assessment of electrical,...
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Transition-Metal-Promoted Oxidative Cyclization To Give 1,2,4-Trisubstituted Carbazole Scaffolds
PublicationHerein, we describe the synthesis of a 1,2,4-trisubstituted carbazole core from 5-(1H-indol-3-yl)-3-oxopentanoic acid esters or amides. For oxidative cyclization, we tested two different approaches. First, we used manganese triacetate as a conventional moderate oxidizer to ensure the radical course of the reaction. Second, we examined the use of a more complex oxidizing agent I2/Me(OTf)3. In both cases, formation of a fused-ring...
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Effects of La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 and Ag electrodes on bismuth-oxide-based low-temperature solid electrolyte oxygen generators
PublicationIn this study, La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 (LSM) was used as the ceramic electrode in a (Bi1.50Y0.50)0.98Zr0.04O3+δ (BYO)-based solid electrolyte oxygen generator (SEOG) and its performance was compared with that of a previously studied high-fire Ag electrode. Among La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3, LaNi0.6Fe0.4O3, Cu1.4Mn1.6O4, and LSM materials, only LSM materials did not trigger any chemical reaction or interdiffusion with BYO at temperatures up to...
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Technical and Economic Analysis of the Supercritical Combined Gas-Steam Cycle
PublicationCombined cycle power plants are characterized by high efficiency, now exceeding 60%. The record-breaking power plant listed in the Guinness Book of World Records is the Nishi-Nagoya power plant commissioned in March 2018, located in Japan, and reaching the gross efficiency of 63.08%. Research and development centers, energy companies, and scientific institutions are taking various actions to increase this efficiency. Both the gas...
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Performance of the flat plate solar collector operated with water-Al2O3 nanofluid
PublicationThe paper discusses the effect of application of water-Al2O3 nanofluid, as a working fluid, on the efficiency of a flat plate solar collector. The mass concentration of nanoparticles was 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.4%. The tests were conducted for two values of radiation of about 1050 W/m2 and 400 W/m2, and volume flow rates of 60 l/h, 120 l/h and 170 l/h. The efficiency was calculated according to recommendations of the Polish Standard....
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High load capacity spur gears with conchoidal path of contact
PublicationThe present study is devoted to investigation of spur gears with a conchoidal path of contact and a convex-convex contact between teeth. The load capacity and energy efficiency were evaluated using both theoretical and experimental approaches. The theoretical analysis showed that the conchoidal gear pairs are 5–21% stronger in terms of contact stress and have similar energy efficiency as compared to the involute gear pairs of the...