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Search results for: SENSITIVITY
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Parametric optimization of sandwich composite footbridge with U-shaped cross-section
PublicationParametric optimization of sandwich composite footbridge was presented in the paper. Composite footbridge has 14,5 m long and has U-shaped cross-section with inner dimensions 2,6 × 1,3 m. The sandwich structure in made from GFRP laminate as a faces and PET foam as a core. The aim of analysis was to minimize the mass of the new footbridge that can lead to minimize the cost of structure. After optimization was conducted, the new...
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High-performance graphene-based biosensor using a metasurface of asymmetric silicon disks
PublicationIn recent years, optical biosensors widely applicable for medical applications, have received much attention. In this paper, we propose a high-performance polarization-insensitive optical biosensor based on a graphene-dielectric metasurface. The metasurface consists of an asymmetric dielectric disk array that supports a high Q-factor Fano resonance. The provided sharp Fano resonance results in an enhanced light-matter interaction...
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Numerical Modelling of Structures with Uncertainties
PublicationThe nature of environmental interactions, as well as large dimensions and complex structure of marine offshore objects, make designing, building and operation of these objects a great challenge. This is the reason why a vast majority of investment cases of this type include structural analysis, performed using scaled laboratory models and complemented by extended computer simulations. The present paper focuses on FEM modelling...
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Study of Metrological Properties of Voltammetric Electrodes in the Time Domain
PublicationMetrological properties of voltammetric electrodes, in the situation where on their surface an electrochemical reaction of oxidizing/reduction takes place, were analyzed in this chapter. The properties of electrodes on which a reaction controlled by ion transport process takes place were taken into consideration. Also, it was analyzed how the electrode’s shape and the voltage polarizing the electrode influence this electrode’s...
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Investigation of sensing mechanism of Nasicon electrocatalytic sensors in nitrogen dioxide and ammonia
PublicationIn this paper a sensing mechanism of Nasicon electrocatalytic sensor in nitrogen dioxide and ammonia is investigated. Both gases are environmentally hazardous and contain nitrogen atom in the molecule. However, it seems that their sensing mechanism in electrocatalytic sensor could be totally different. Namely, the maximum sensitivity for each gas was obtained at different temperatures. Also, different auxiliary layers are formed...
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Epitope Mapping of BmpA and BBK32 Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Stricto Antigens for the Design of Chimeric Proteins with Potential Diagnostic Value
PublicationLyme disease is a tick-borne zoonosis caused by Gramnegative bacteria belonging to the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) group. In this study, IgM- and IgG-specific linear epitopes of two B. burgdorferi sensu stricto (s.s.) antigens BmpA and BBK32 were mapped using a polypeptide array. Subsequently, two chimeric proteins BmpABBK32-M and BmpA-BBK32-G were designed to validate the construction of chimeras using the identified...
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A closer look at how the dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method works. Investigation of the effect of solvent mixture composition on the quality and stability of the cloudy state
PublicationThe dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) is one of the most popular miniaturized extraction procedures. In this paper, the degree of dispersion and dispersion stability were studied with the aim to assess the correlations of these parameters with efficiency for the selected analytical application. The dependence between the degree of dispersion (cloudy state quality) and its stability obtained by various emulsification...
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The passive operating mode of the linear optical gesture sensor
PublicationThe study evaluates the influence of natural light conditions on the effectiveness of the linear optical gesture sensor, working in the presence of ambient light only (passive mode). The orientations of the device in reference to the light source were modified in order to verify the sensitivity of the sensor. A criterion for the differentiation between two states - "possible gesture" and "no gesture" - was proposed. Additionally,...
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A semi-empirical model for flow boiling heat transfer with account of the reduced pressure effect
PublicationIn the present study the attention was focused on the influence of reduced pressure on the predictions of heat transfer during flow boiling at the extensive range of pressures. The results of calculations were to test the sensitivity of the in-house flow boiling model with respect to the selection of the appropriate two-phase flow multiplier, which is one of the distinctive elements of that model. For this purpose a few two-phase...
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Fault Diagnostics in PEMFC Stacks by Evaluation of Local Performance and Cell Impedance Analysis
PublicationStarvation, flooding, and dry‐out phenomena occur in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), due to heterogeneous local conditions, material inhomogeneity, and uneven flow distribution across the single cell active area and in between the individual cells. The impact of the load level and air feed conditions on the performance was identified for individual single cells within a 10‐cell stack. Analysis of the current density...
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Fast Antenna Optimization Using Gradient Monitoring and Variable-Fidelity EM Models
PublicationAccelerated simulation-driven design optimization of antenna structures is proposed. Variable-fidelity electromagnetic (EM) analysis is used as well as the trust-region framework with limited sensitivity updates. The latter are controlled by monitoring the changes of the antenna response gradients. Our methodology is verified using three compact wideband antennas. Comprehensive benchmarking demonstrates its superiority over both...
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Optimal configuration of an electrode array for measuring ventricles' contraction
PublicationAn influence of an electrode-array configuration on an impedance signal composition for a fixed spatial distribution of its sources is examined in the paper. The Finite Element Method and Geselowitz relationship were used for examining three different electrode-arrays. A sensitivity approach was used to evaluate each configuration assuming that localization of the signal source is known. A conductivity change, thus the source of...
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Multifunctional Bandpass Filter/Displacement Sensor Component
PublicationThis paper presents the design and realization of a multifunctional bandpassfilter/displacement-sensor using an edge-coupled microstrip bandpass filter loaded by a pair of split ring resonators (SRRs). It is shown that while the structure acts as a bandpass filter at its operating frequency, the phase of the reflection coefficient from a movable loading resonator at the resonance frequency of the resonator can be used for displacement...
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Effect of dendrimer-based interlayers for enzyme immobilization on a model electrochemical sensing system for glutamate
PublicationIn this paper, we discuss dendrimer usage in enzyme-based electrochemical biosensors, particularly with respect to biomolecule loading on the sensing surface. A novel approach to design bioactive layers with immobilized enzymes for electrochemical biosensors using the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) method in combination with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was presented. The gold surface was modified with linear linkers...
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CREATING A RANKING OF DIAGNOSTIC PARAMETERS FOR THE DYNAMIC PROCESS OF A MARINE COMBUSTION ENGINE IN THE ASPECT OF MULTI-CRITERIA EVALUATIONS
PublicationThe change of some of the engine’s structural parameters affects the change of toxic compound emission in exhaust gases. It mainly applies to the damage sustained by the charge exchange system as well as the fuel system and the engine supercharging system. These changes are definitely higher during dynamic states and the related transient states. As such, it is possible to speak of a diverse sensitivity of the diagnostic parameters...
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Determining and verifying the safety integrity level of the safety instrumented systems with the uncertainty and security aspects
PublicationSafety and security aspects consist of two different group of functional requirements for the control and protection systems. In the paper it is proposed that the security analysis results can be used as a factor increasing or decreasing the risk level. It concerns a process of determining required safety integrity level of given safety functions. The authors propose a new approach for functional safety risk analysis. In this case...
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Two-photon microperimetry with picosecond pulses
PublicationTwo-photon vision is a phenomenon associated with the perception of short pulsesof near-infrared radiation (900-1200 nm) as a visible light. It is caused by the nonlinear processof two-photon absorption by visual pigments. Here we present results showing the influence ofpulse duration and repetition rate of short pulsed lasers on the visual threshold. We comparedtwo-photon sensitivity maps of the retina obtained for subjects with...
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A Comprehensive Analysis of Deep Neural-Based Cerebral Microbleeds Detection System
PublicationMachine learning-based systems are gaining interest in the field of medicine, mostly in medical imaging and diagnosis. In this paper, we address the problem of automatic cerebral microbleeds (CMB) detection in magnetic resonance images. It is challenging due to difficulty in distinguishing a true CMB from its mimics, however, if successfully solved it would streamline the radiologists work. To deal with this complex three-dimensional...
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Comparison of predictive methods for flow boiling heat transfer in conventional channels and minichannels - the effect of reduced pressure
PublicationIn the paper are presented the results of follow on studies from [1]–[3] using authors own model to predict heat transfer coefficient during flow boiling. The model has been tested against a large selection of experimental data collected from various researchers to investigate the sensitivity of the in-house developed model. The collected experimental data came from various studies from literature and were conducted for the full...
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A Novel Trust-Region-Based Algorithm with Flexible Jacobian Updates for Expedited Optimization of High-Frequency Structures
PublicationSimulation-driven design closure is mandatory in the design of contemporary high-frequency components. It aims at improving the selected performance figures through adjustment of the structure’s geometry (and/or material) parameters. The computational cost of this process when employing numerical optimization is often prohibitively high, which is a strong motivation for the development of more efficient methods. This is especially...
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Utilization of the zero unitarization method for the building of a ranking for diagnostic marine engine parameters
PublicationChanging some of the parameters of the engine structure affects the emission of harmful components in the exhaust gases This primarily concerns damage in the cargo exchange system as well as in the fuel system and engine boost system. Changes in emissions of harmful compounds are often ambiguous, depending largely on the parameters that shape the combustion process. An additional problem is that often simple but undesired interactions...
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Measurement of sub-nanometer molecular layers with ISFET without a reference electrode dependency
PublicationA new method of detection and measurement with sub-nanometer resolution of layers adsorbed or bonded to the ISFET's gate dielectric was presented. The sensitivity of this method is high enough to detect even partial mono-layer covering. The transconductance measurement of the ISFET provides independence of the output signal from pH changes and the driving electrode electrochemical potential instabilities. The stable reference electrode...
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IMPEDANCE MEASUREMENT MODULE FOR GAS SENSORS WITH TEMPERATURE CONDITIONING FEATURE
PublicationThe paper presents an impedance measurement module which is aimed for gas sensor. Sensor’s heater temperature conditioning and modulation feature is available in order to allow implementation of different techniques improving selectivity and sensitivity of gas sensors. The measurement module uses three-parameter sine-fitting technique for impedance measurement. To monitor sensor temperature, the resistance of the sensor’s heater...
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UV-Light-Induced Fluctuation Enhanced Sensing by WO3-Based Gas Sensors
PublicationWO3-based gas sensors were investigated under UV-light irradiation and at different working temperatures with the object of achieving superior sensitivity and selectivity. Resistance fluctuations in the WO3 layer were studied together with dc resistance measurements. The data were taken in synthetic air, ethanol, nitrogen dioxide, and mixtures of these gases. We conclude that UV irradiation can easily be applied to enhance the...
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The sources of contamination and reasons of damage of the flow part of the marine turbine engine in operation
PublicationThe aim of this paperis to show particular sensitivity of the flow part of the marine turbine engine to the presence of contaminations in the intake air. The contaminations form hard-to-remove deposits in the intervene channels that result in a reduced efficiency and performance of the engine. The paper classifies the contaminants according the source of their formation and their destructive force. The performed analyses and syntheses...
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Prototype of electrochemical sensor for measurements of volatile organic compounds in gases
PublicationThe paper presents a laboratory prototype of an electrochemical sensor for measurements of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in gases, utilizing ionic liquids and commercial screen printed electrodes by DropSens. The following ionic liquids have been tested as the electrolyte and redox reaction environment: 1-butyl, 3-methylimidazolium dicyanoamide ([BMIM][N(CN)2]), 1-octyl, 3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([OMIM][BF4]),...
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Toxoplasma gondii Tetravalent Chimeric Proteins as Novel Antigens for Detection of Specific Immunoglobulin G in Sera of Small Ruminants
PublicationThe detection of Toxoplasma gondii infection in small ruminants has important significance for public health and veterinary medicine. This study, for the first time, describes the reactivity of four tetravalent chimeric proteins (AMA1N-SAG2-GRA1-ROP1, AMA1C-SAG2-GRA1-ROP1, AMA1-SAG2-GRA1-ROP1, and SAG2-GRA1-ROP1-GRA2) containing immunodominant regions from the AMA1 (apical membrane antigen 1), SAG2 (surface antigen 2), GRA1 (dense...
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Electrochemical glucose sensor based on the glucose oxidase entrapped in chitosan immobilized onto laser-processed Au-Ti electrode
PublicationThe study on novel electrode material composed of structured titanium foil with embedded Au nanoparticles and modified with chitosan with entrapped glucose oxidase is presented. To confirm the successful immobilization of glucose oxidase FT-IR analysis was performed. The response of electrodes were tested towards glucose in the presence of different interference compounds and biological fluids. The prepared material exhibits excellent...
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An assessment of Islamic banking in Bosnia and Herzegovina – a comparative analysis using the CAMELS approach
PublicationThis paper examines the phenomenon of Islamic banking in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Although almost half of the Bosnian population is recognized as Islamic, there is only one bank purely based on Sharia operating in this country. The aim of the article is to conduct a comparative analysis of the financial standing of this bank and the banking sector in this country and region. The chosen method of analysis is CAMELS which examines...
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A prototype of electrochemical sensor for measurement of carbonyl compounds in air
PublicationThe paper presents the results of investigation on a prototype sensor for measurement of benzaldehyde and formaldehyde in air. Sensitivity, limit of quantification and coefficient of selectivity of the sensor have been determined as a function of membrane thickness and electrode type using square wave voltammetry (SWV) technique. The working and counter electrodes were made of platinum and gold. Ionic liquids 1-hexyl, 3-methylimidazolium...
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Discrete random variables in reliability calculations of a reticulated shell
PublicationImplementation of the Point Estimation Method (PEM) in the reliability analysis of a three-dimensional truss structure is presented in the paper. The influence of geometric and material random parameters on the truss load-carrying capacity was investigated. The analysis was performed for different combinations of basic variables. Symmetric and asymmetric cases of snow load were taken to assess the structural reliability. Sensitivity...
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Influence of the Square Wave Voltage on Dynamical Properties of a Flat Voltammetric Electrode in the Time Domain by the Electrochemical Reversible Reaction
PublicationIn this article there is a presentation of the analysis of the polarizing voltage shape influencing dynamic properties of voltammetric electrodes when on their surface reversible reaction takes place in the time domain. The electrode polarization with linearly increasing voltage and with a square component, was analyzed. The analysis that were conducted showed that the voltammetric electrode behaves like a first order transducer....
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Ultrasound-Assisted Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Using Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) for Neutral Red Dye Spectrophotometric Determination
PublicationDeep eutectic solvents (DES), which have low toxicity and are low cost, biodegradable, and easily synthesized, were used for the extraction of neutral red (NR) dye before its spectrophotometric analysis. DES, containing choline chloride as a hydrogen bond acceptor and phenol as a hydrogen bond donor with a molar ratio of 1:2, was used for the extraction of NR dye from aqueous media. The possible interaction of different DESs with...
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The optimal mixture of Toxoplasma gondii recombinant antigens (GRA1, P22, ROP1) for diagnosis of ovine toxoplasmosis
PublicationToxoplasmosis, caused by Toxoplasma gondii, is the major parasitic disease affecting sheep. Infection not only results in significant reproductive losses in these animals, but has public health implications since consumption of infected meat can facilitate zoonotic transmission. Although several serological tests are currently used for diagnosis of ovine toxoplasmosis, production of reliable reagents is a constraint and therefore...
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Magnetic field microsensor based on GaAs MESFET
PublicationA novel concept of the drain separation design in a horizontally-split-drain GaAs MAGFET sensor, based on epitaxial layer growth, was developed. Proper choice of GaAs/AlAs/GaAs epitaxial layer sequence provided good electrical isolation between the drain regions. The measured leakage current between the drain regions was in the range of nA for up to 2V drain voltage bias difference. Performed analytical and numerical calculations...
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Molecular detection of Candida krusei
PublicationThe species identification of fungi belonging to genus Candida is an important issue as this genus becomes the emerging problem of nosocomial infections. As Candida krusei presents intrinsicresistance to the fluconazole that is the drug of the first choice in case of invasive candidiasis the PCR identifying the DNA of C. krusei was elaborated. The analytical sensitivity of the assay on spiked blood samples was estimated at 3-5...
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Electrochemical sensor for measurement of volatile organic compounds employing square wave perturbation voltage
PublicationThe paper presents the results of investigation on a prototype sensor for measurement of benzaldehyde in air. Sensitivity and limit of quantification of the sensor were determined for different internal electrolyte using the square wave voltammetry (SWV) as a detection technique. The working and counter electrodes were made of platinum. Ionic liquids 1-hexyl, 3-methylimidazolium chloride,1-hexyl, 3-methylimidazolium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl)...
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Multidisciplinary approach to the assessment of historic structures based on the case of a masonry bridge in Galicia (Spain)
PublicationThe paper presents a general method to evaluate a masonry structure with a complex geometry and unknown material properties. This multidisciplinary approach integrates close range digital photogrammetry,ground probing radar (GPR) and finite elements analysis (FEM) to analyse a masonry bridge. The resulting information from photogrammetry and radar is applied to define a 3D model, which is then used to simulate the behaviour of...
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Prediction of flow boiling heat transfer coefficient for carbon dioxide in minichannels and conventional channels
PublicationIn the paper are presented the results of calculations using authors own model to predict heat transfer coefficient during flow boiling for carbon dioxide. The experimental data from various researches were scrutinised conducted for a full range of quality variation and wide range of mass velocity. The aim of the study was to test the sensitivity of the in-house model. The work shows the importance of taking into account surface...
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N-doped carbon nanospheres as selective fluorescent probes for mercury detection in contaminated aqueous media: chemistry, fluorescence probing, cell line patterning, and liver tissue interaction
PublicationA precise nano-scale biosensor was developed here to detect Hg2+ in aqueous media. Nitrogen-doped carbon nanospheres (NCS) created from the pyrolysis of melamine–formaldehyde resin were characterized by FESEM, XRD, Raman spectra, EDS, PL, UV–vis spectra, and N2 adsorption–desorption, and were used as a highly selective and sensitive probe for detecting Hg2+ in aqueous media. The sensitivity of NCS to Hg2+ was evaluated by photoluminescence...
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Expedited Optimization of Passive Microwave Devices Using Gradient Search and Principal Directions
PublicationOver the recent years, utilization of numerical optimization techniques has become ubiquitous in the design of high-frequency systems, including microwave passive components. The primary reason is that the circuits become increasingly complex to meet ever growing performance demands concerning their electrical performance, additional functionalities, as well as miniaturization. Nonetheless, as reliable evaluation of microwave device...
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Fast Real-Time RDFT- and GDFT-Based Direct Fault Diagnosis of Induction Motor Drive
PublicationThis paper presents the theoretical analysis and experimental verification of a direct fault harmonic identification approach in a converter-fed electric drive for automated diagnosis purposes. On the basis of the analytical model of the proposed real-time direct fault diagnosis, the fault-related harmonic component is calculated using recursive DFT (RDFT) and Goertzel DFT (GDFT), applied instead of the full spectrum calculations...
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Acoustic radar employing particle velocity sensors
PublicationA concept, practical realization and applications of a passive acoustic radar to automatic localization, tracking of sound sources were presented in the paper. The device consist of the new kind of multichannel miniature sound intensity sensors and a group of digital signal processing algorithms. Contrary to active radars, it does not emit the scanning beam but after receiving surroundings sounds it provide information about the...
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Myrosinase activity in different plant samples; optimisation of measurement conditions for spectrophotometric and pH-stat methods
PublicationMyrosinase found in Brassicaceae plants, is the enzyme responsible for hydrolysis of glucosinolates. As a result a variety of biologically active metabolites are liberated, whose importance in crop protection and especially in cancer chemoprevention is rapidly gaining recognition. The growing practical application of glucosinolate degradation products requires that sensitive and reliable methods of myrosinase activity determination...
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A new Toxoplasma gondii chimeric antigen containing fragments of SAG2, GRA1, and ROP1 proteins—impact of immunodominant sequences size on its diagnostic usefulness
PublicationThis study presents the first evaluation of new Toxoplasma gondii recombinant chimeric antigens containing three immunodominant regions of SAG2, GRA1, and one of two ROP1 fragments differing in length for the serodiagnosis of human toxoplasmosis. The recombinant chimeric antigens SAG2-GRA1-ROP1L (with large fragment of ROP1, 85-396 amino acid residues) and SAG2-GRA1-ROP1S (with a small fragment of ROP1, 85-250 amino acid residues)...
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Imidazoacridinone-dependent lysosomal photodestruction: a pharmacological Trojan horse approach to eradicate multidrug-resistant cancers
PublicationMultidrug resistance (MDR) remains a primary hindrance to curative cancer therapy. Thus, introduction of novel strategies to overcome MDR is of paramount therapeutic significance. Sequestration of chemotherapeutics in lysosomes is an established mechanism of drug resistance. Here, we show that MDR cells display a marked increase in lysosome number. We further demonstrate that imidazoacridinones (IAs), which are cytotoxic fluorochromes,...
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Wykorzystanie kamery termowizyjnej nowej generacji do oceny wpływu sił ortodontycznych na dziąsło = The application of a new-generation thermal imaging camera for the assessment of hemodynamic changes in gingiva during orthodontic treatment
PublicationIntroduction. One ot the most interesting modern methods of assessing microcirculation is thermovisiual examination. Thermovision cameras are commonly used in general medicine. As the periodontium is one of the most vascularized tissues in the human body, the application of high-sensitivity thermovision cameras may allow tor noninvasive asses- sment and early detection ot pathological changes in the gingiva by giving a complete...
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A Highly Sensitive Planar Microwave Sensor for Detecting Direction and Angle of Rotation
PublicationThis article presents a technique based on a modified complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) to detect angular displacement and direction of rotation with high resolution and sensitivity over a wide dynamic range. The proposed microwave planar sensor takes advantage of the asymmetry of the sensor geometry and measures the angle of rotation in terms of the change in the relative phase of the reflection coefficients. The sensor...
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Assessment of Electronic Sensing Techniques for the Rapid Identification of Alveolar Echinococcosis through Exhaled Breath Analysis
PublicationHere we present a proof-of-concept study showing the potential of a chemical gas sensors system to identify the patients with alveolar echinococcosis disease through exhaled breath analysis. The sensors system employed comprised an array of three commercial gas sensors and a custom gas sensor based on WO3 nanowires doped with gold nanoparticles, optimized for the measurement of common breath volatile organic compounds. The measurement...
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Chemorezystancyjny czujnik gazu na bazie polimeru przewodzącego PEDOT
PublicationPolimery przewodzące, takie jak Poli(3,4-etylenodioksytiofen) (PEDOT) są atrakcyjnymi materiałami elektrodowymi, które posiadają takie zalety, jak biokompatybilność, duża przewodność i elastyczność. Elektroprzewodzące polimery można otrzymać w wyniku chemicznej polimeryzacji lub elektropolimeryzacji. W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono zostanie koncepcja czujnika gazów składająca się z elektrody grzebieniowej oraz polimeru przewodzącego...