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Search results for: sequencing batch reactor
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Simulation of Residence Time Distribution and Mixing in Reactors with Recirculation Using 2D Approach
PublicationIn this paper, we propose a 2D approach in order to create a mathematical model for the determination of the residence time distribution for a flow reactor with recirculation. Apart from characterizing the functional residence time distribution, this model can help improve the operation of the reactor at the design stage. The mathematical model was validated by comparison with experiments carried out in a hydraulic laboratory.
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The metagenomic approach to characterization of the microbial community shift during the long-term cultivation of anammox-enriched granular sludge
PublicationA metagenomic approach was used to investigate how the microbial community composition changes when an anammox-based granular sludge reactor is seeded with nitritation-anammox biomass from a wastewater treatment plant. In the seed sample, the abundance of Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis was similar to Candidatus Jettenia caeni (12.63 vs. 11.68%). This biomass was typical in terms of microbial nitrogen conversion; both ammonia...
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Problems of Connecting Wind Farms to the Power System with HV Cables
PublicationThis paper presents problems caused by connecting wind farms to a power system with high voltage cables. The author highlights possible problems with reactive power compensation, depending on the arrangement of the shunt reactor connection and settings of control systems for reactive power and voltage of the wind farm. The paper also discusses issues of increasing active power losses caused by a shunt reactor installation.
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Przyszłość energetyki jądrowej na świecie
PublicationProblemy dostępności paliwa jądrowego i składowania odpadów radioaktywnych skłaniają do przemian w technologii reaktorów jądrowych w kierunku generacji IV. Równolegle obserwuje się rozwój reaktorów małej i średniej mocy. Obie ścieżki wydają się być słuszne i obiecujące. W przypadku małych reaktorów jądrowych, pierwsze instalacje mogą powstać w najbliższych pięciu latach, niektóre z nich mogą zaliczać się do reaktorów IV generacji....
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Implementation of the FOPID Algorithm in the PLC Controller - PWR Thermal Power Control Case Study
PublicationIn the paper authors describe proposition of design and verification procedures of the discrete Fractional Order PID (FOPID) algorithm for control of the Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) thermal power near its nominal operating point. The FOPID algorithm synthesis consists of: off-line optimal tunning of its parameters in continuous time-domain with LQ (Linear Quadratic) performance index and simplified models of nuclear reactor...
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Fault detection and diagnostics of complex dynamic systems using Gaussian Process Models - nuclear power plant case study
PublicationThe article examines the use of Gaussian Process Models to simulate the dynamic processes of a Pressurized Water nuclear Reactor for fault detection and diagnostics. The paper illustrates the potential of Gaussian Process Models as a tool for monitoring and predicting various fault conditions in Pressurized Water nuclear Reactor power plants, including reactor coolant flow and temperature variations, deviations from nominal working...
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THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF A GENERATION IV SCWR NUCLEAR POWER PLANT CYCLE
PublicationThis article presents a flow and thermodynamic analysis of a Generation IV nuclear cycle. An SCWR (Supercritical water reactor) is a high temperature and high pressure reactor that uses water at a temperature above its thermodynamic critical point as the working fluid. The cycle used for the calculations consists of one interstage superheater and 7 regenerative heat exchangers. Division pressure was optimized in view of the cycle efficiency,...
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Haemocompatibility Of Non-Functionalized And Plasmachemical Functionalized Detonation Nanodiamond Particles
PublicationThe purpose of this paper is to present the innovative design of microwave plasma system for modification of detonation nanodiamond particles (DNP) using a special rotating drum placed inside the reactor. Nanodiamond particles manufactured by detonation method reveal the biological activity depending on surface functionalization. Plasmachemical modification of detonation nanodiamond particles gives the possibility of controlling...
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The analysis of turbine propulsion systems in nuclear submarines
PublicationThe article systematises submarines, which are presently in service, according to their propulsion types (both conventional and nuclear), power output, and submersion depth. Contemporary types of propulsion systems installed and used in submarines are discussed. Calculations were performed for the PWR (Pressurized Water Reactor) type nuclear propulsion system and the supercritical turbine propulsion system (supercritical reactor...
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Residence time distribution in rapid multiphase reactors
PublicationResidence time distribution (RTD) provides information about average hydraulic residence time and the distribution of material in the reactor. A method for determining RTD for reactors with very short hydraulic residence times is deconvolution based on extraction of real RTD by the analysis of a non-ideal input signal. The mean residence time and dispersion were determined for the spinning fluids reactor (SFR). For the first time...
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A Comparative Numerical Simulation Study of Turbulent Non-premixed CO/H2/N2 Syngas Jet Flames
PublicationIn the present work, numerical simulations of turbulent non-premixed syngas flame have been performed in Reynolds-Averaged Naver-Stokes turbulence approach using four turbulence-chemistry interaction models. To this aim, we used assumed beta PDF approach, Steady Laminar Flamelet model, Eddy Dissipation Concept and Partially Stirred Reactor model. Numerical results are compared and analysed with respect to two experiments from the...
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The role of colloidal and particulate organic compounds in idenitrification and EBPR occurring in a full-scale activatedsludge system
PublicationThe aim of this study was to determine the immediate effects of slowly biodegradable substrates on the denitrification capability andphosphate release/uptake interactions for a full-scale biomass process from the ''Wschod'' wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Gdansk (Poland). Since it is hard to distinguish the slowlybiodegradable substrate in a direct way, a novel procedure based on batch experiments was developed and implemented....
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Siedmiokryterialny miernik oceny niepotokowych procesów produkcyjnych
PublicationGrowing expectations of clients, who demand products adapted to their individual needs is inducing the development of batch processes. The author developed a model of batch processes rating based on the following criterions: • Economical criterion applies to evaluation of the productions’ cost levels connected with the process subjected to analysis and necessary investment funds. • Ecological criterion is about means of natural...
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Modeling external carbon addition in combined N-P activated sludge systems with an extension of the IWA Activated Sludge Models
PublicationThe aim of this study was to expand the IWA Activated Sludge Model No. 2d (ASM2d) to account for a newly defined readily biodegradable substrate that can be consumed by polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) under anoxic and aerobic conditions, but not under anaerobic conditions. The model change was to add a new substrate component and process terms for its use by PAOs and other heterotrophic bacteria under anoxic and aerobic...
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Modeling external carbon addition in combined N-P activated sludge systems with an extension of the IWA Activated Sludge Models
PublicationThe aim of this study was to expand the IWA Activated Sludge Model No. 2d (ASM2d) to account for a newly defined readily biodegradable substrate that can be consumed by polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) under anoxic and aerobic conditions, but not under anaerobic conditions. The model change was to add a new substrate component and process terms for its use by PAOs and other heterotrophic bacteria under anoxic and aerobic...
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The role of slowly biodegradable organic compounds in a full-scale biological nutrient removal activated sludge systems
PublicationThe aim of this study was to determine the immediate effects of slowly biodegradable substrates on the denitrification capability and phosphate release/uptake interactions for a full-scale biomass process from two large wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) located in the cities of Gdansk and Gdynia (northern Poland). Since it is hard to distinguish the slowly biodegradable substrate in a direct way, a novel procedure based on batch...
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The effect of 1,4-butanediol on the efficiency of CO2 absorption and inhibition of NH3 escape during the mineral carbonation of gypsum
PublicationThis study explored the optimal concentration of 1,4-butanediol for maximizing CO2 absorption and minimizing ammonia desorption. Mineral carbonation of gypsum slurry was carried out in a bubble reactor with a magnetic stirrer maintaining constant speed for 1 hour. The gas introduced to the reactor was a mixture of CO2 and air. The gas flow was controlled by the mass controllers. Gas sensors were used to determine the concentration...
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Food Classification from Images Using a Neural Network Based Approach with NVIDIA Volta and Pascal GPUs
PublicationIn the paper we investigate the problem of food classification from images, for the Food-101 dataset extended with 31 additional food classes from Polish cuisine. We adopted transfer learning and firstly measured training times for models such as MobileNet, MobileNetV2, ResNet50, ResNet50V2, ResNet101, ResNet101V2, InceptionV3, InceptionResNetV2, Xception, NasNetMobile and DenseNet, for systems with NVIDIA Tesla V100 (Volta) and...
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Microwave radiation in the synthesis of urethane prepolymers
PublicationThis paper describes the use of microwave radiation in the synthesis of urethane prepolymers in bulk (without solvent). The prepolymers were synthesized using 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) and poly (ε-caprolactone) diol (PCL) at a molar ratio of 4:1. The reaction was carried out without a catalyst in the reactor with a conventional heating system (oil bath) or in the microwave reactor (MW Reactor NOVA 09) at temperatures...
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Multi-region fuzzy logic controller with local PID controllers for U-tube steam generator in nuclear power plant
PublicationIn the paper, analysis of multi-region fuzzy logic controller with local PID controllers for steam generator of pressurized water reactor (PWR) working in wide range of thermal power changes is presented. The U-tube steam generator has a nonlinear dynamics depending on thermal power transferred from coolant of the primary loop of the PWR plant. Control of water level in the steam generator conducted by a traditional PID controller...
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Application of multistage treatment wetlands as a buffer for effluent from Anammox treatment for reject water from centrifugation
PublicationAccording to the newest knowledge concerning TW technology multistage treatment wetland could be easily applied for ensuring stable and low concentration of biogenic compounds form the effluent of SBR reactor (with nitritation/annamox process) for treatment of digested sludge dewatering in side stream. The working condition and optimising of such MTW will be the issue of carried out investigation.
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Selective H2 production from plastic waste through pyrolysis and in-line oxidative steam reforming
PublicationThis study deals with the proposal of pyrolysis and in-line oxidative steam reforming (P-OSR) for plastic waste valorization and assesses the potential of this strategy for the selective production of H2. Overall, the study aims at progressing towards the fine-tuning of the pyrolysis-reforming technology by co-feeding O2. Thus, a multi-point O2 injection system has been developed to ensure a suitable O2 distribution in the reforming...
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The impact of precipitation and external carbon source addition on biological nutrient removal in activated sludge systems – experimental investigation and mathematical modeling
PublicationThe aim of this study was to determine the effects of chemical precipitation and addition of external carbonsources on the denitrification capability and enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) interactions atthe ‘Wschod’ WWTP (600,000 PE) in Gdansk (northern Poland). For this purpose, different kinds of batch experimentswere carried out with the settled wastewater (without pretreatment and after coagulation-flocculation)and...
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The impact of precipitation and external carbon source addition on biological nutrient removal in activated sludge systems - experimentalinvestigation and mathematical modeling
PublicationThe aim of this study was to determine the effects of chemical precipitation and addition of external carbonsources on the denitrification capability and enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) interactions atthe 'Wschod' WWTP (600,000 PE) in Gdansk (northern Poland). For this purpose, different kinds of batch experimentswere carried out with the settled wastewater (without pretreatment and after coagulation-flocculation)and...
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Towards Computer-Aided Graphene Covered TiO2-Cu/(CuxOy) Composite Design for the Purpose of Photoinduced Hydrogen Evolution
PublicationIn search a hydrogen source, we synthesized TiO2-Cu-graphene composite photocatalyst for hydrogen evolution. The catalyst is a new and unique material as it consists of copper-decorated TiO2 particles covered tightly in graphene and obtained in a fluidized bed reactor. Both, reduction of copper from Cu(CH3COO) at the surface of TiO2 particles and covering of TiO2-Cu in graphene thin layer by Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD) were...
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Uncertainty of antioxidant profiling in complex mixtures using liquid chromatography involving post-column derivatisation
PublicationThe main goal of this paper is to discuss the problems associated with antioxidant profiling in complex samples using a high-throughput HPLC system coupled with post-column derivatisation reactor. Based on the experimental data reported in the literature, we demonstrated that improper optimisation of temperature and/or pH assay conditions performed using an on-line derivatisation reactor may substantially change the antioxidant...
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Problems of Selecting Protection for Shunt Reactors Working in Extra-High Voltage Grids
PublicationThis paper presents difficulties encountered when designing protection devices for shunt reactors connected directly to extra-high voltage grids. Using the example of the 400 kV Ełk Bis substation, it has been demonstrated that protection of a shunt reactor based on equipment using measurements of electrical signals from voltage and current transformers has its limitations and, in some cases, may be insufficient.
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The impact of slowly biodegradable organic compounds on the oxygen uptake rate in activated sludge systems
PublicationThe hydrolysis process of slowly biodegradable substrate (Xs) have impact on the efficiencies of nutrient removal in activated sludge systems. Measurement of OUR and corresponding COD is accepted as a very useful tool to reflect the consumption of biodegradable substrates. The influence of the readily biodegradable substrate (Ss) in biological wastewater treatment systems has been extensively investigated, but little is known about...
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The impact of slowly biodegradable organic compounds on the oxygen uptake rate in activated sludge systems
PublicationThe hydrolysis process of slowly biodegradable substrate (Xs) have impact on the efficiencies of nutrient removal in activated sludge systems. Measurement of OUR and corresponding COD is accepted as a very useful tool to reflect the consumption of biodegradable substrates. The influence of the readily biodegradable substrate (Ss) in biological wastewater treatment systems has been extensively investigated, but little is known about...
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The overview of reactors used for the production of precipitated calcium carbonate via carbonation route
PublicationCarbonation is one of the methods for the production of precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) on the industrial scale. A gaseous CO2 is used as a reagent in this process. The hydrodynamic conditions gener-ated in the reactor affect the course of the process and the characteristics of the precipitated calcium carbonate particles. This paper discusses the construction of standard reactors and new proposed con-struction used for the...
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Investigation of Microbes in the Stratosphere – Stardust Project
PublicationThe stratospheric microbiota has been investigated many times using the methods of classical microbiology. In this research a few modern methods, including NGS sequencing and multiple displacement amplification of DNA, were in use. The analysis of metagenome helped to determine the content of various species of bacteria in the sample collected in the stratosphere by a hydrogen-filled balloon holding...
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Analysis of catalitic reactors usefulness to reduce pollution generated by piston combustion engines with regard to ship main engines
PublicationThe article presents results which indicate that the use of catalytic reactors to reduce emissions of harmful compunds contained in the exhaust gas is important in the operation of vehicle motors operation. Efforts of the shipbuilding industry to reduce the toxicity of exhaust gas emitted by the main engines have been indicated and pointed to the desirability of the use of these catalysts in maritime transport. It has been pointed...
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Functionalized polyolefins, synthesis application and industrial relevance
PublicationPolymers play a key role in our modern life full of technical advances and a continuous request for new materials with tailored properties for a low price. Their excellent mechanical properties, good processability, chemical stability and low price make polyolefins the polymers of choice for most commodity and some more specialized applications. As a result, polyolefins account for over 65% of the total world demand of plastic...
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Hierarchical dissolved oxygen control for activated sludge processes
PublicationA hierarchical controller for tracking the dissolved oxygen reference trajectory in activated sludge processes is proposed and investigated. The removal of nitrogen and phosphorous from wastewater is considered. Typically, an aeration system itself is a complicated hybrid nonlinear dynamical system with faster dynamics compared to the internal dynamics of the dissolved oxygen in a biological reactor. It is a common approach to...
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Comparative Study of Machining Technology Selection to Manufacture Large-Size Components of Offshore Constructions
PublicationThe focus of this paper is on process planning for large parts manufacture in systems of definite process capabilities, involving the use of multi-axis machining centres. The analysis of machining heavy mechanical components used in off-shore constructions has been carried out. Setup concepts applied and operation sequences determined in related process plans underwent studies. The paper presents in particular a reasoning approach...
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Efficient production of Staphylococcus simulans lysostaphin in a benchtop bioreactor by recombinant Escherichia coli.
PublicationLysostaphin is an enzyme with bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus and other staphylococcal species. In spite of many advantages and promising results of preliminary research, the enzyme is still not widely used in medicine, veterinary or as a food preservative. One of the most important factors limiting application of the enzyme in clinical or technological practice is the high costs of its production. In the present...
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Benchmarking Performance of a Hybrid Intel Xeon/Xeon Phi System for Parallel Computation of Similarity Measures Between Large Vectors
PublicationThe paper deals with parallelization of computing similarity measures between large vectors. Such computations are important components within many applications and consequently are of high importance. Rather than focusing on optimization of the algorithm itself, assuming specific measures, the paper assumes a general scheme for finding similarity measures for all pairs of vectors and investigates optimizations for scalability...
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Structure and the Biochemical Potential of the Bacterial Community in Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluent and in Receiving Waters: Northern Poland Case Study
PublicationWastewater treatment processes are monitored mainly in terms of biogenic substance removal efficiency. Little is known about the treated wastewater microbiome and its influence on the recipient. In this study, a wide range of methods (cultivation, microscopic analysis, New Generation Sequencing and Real Time PCR) were employed to determine the bacterial community composition of the treated wastewater and its receiver. Preliminary...
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Rapid Assays for Specific Detection of Fungi of Scopulariopsis and Microascus Genera and Scopulariopsis brevicaulis Species
PublicationPurpose Fungi of Scopulariopsis and Microascus genera cause a wide range of infections, with S. brevicaulis being the most prevalent aetiological agent of mould onychomycosis. Proper identification of these pathogens requires sporulating culture, which considerably delays the diagnosis. So far, sequencing of rDNA regions of clinical isolates has produced ambiguous results due to the lack of reference sequences in publicly available...
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Case Study on the Use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for the Maintenance of Ocean Engineering Facilities
PublicationThe article presents the concept of using innovative unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), including autonomous UAV-I for inspection activities, auxiliary and transport works in the processes of servicing large-scale ocean engineering structures in the offshore part of the sea. The proposed areas of application of UAV-I devices and key technologies determining the possibility of using these vehicles in difficult operating conditions...
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Characteristics and fate of organic nitrogen in municipal biological nutrient removal wastewater treatment plants
PublicationThe aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence and fate of colloidal and dissolved organic nitrogen (CON and DON) across biological nutrient removal (BNR) activated sludge bioreactors. Primary and secondary effluent total nitrogen (TN) measurements and component fractionation, CON and DON concentration profiles across BNR bioreactors, and laboratory batch experiments with the process mixed liquor were carried out at several...
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Experimental test results of the 150kVA 18-pulse diode rectifier with series active power filter
PublicationThe paper presents the control system and selected results of experimental tests of the ac/dc power converter consisting of 18-pulse diode rectifier on the basis of coupled reactors and a serial active power filter. Three configurations of the 150kVA converter were tested experimentally and compared: 18-pulse diode rectifier with and without additional grid reactor and the rectifier integrated with the active power filter. The...
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Analysis of possible application of high-temperature nuclear reactors to contemporary large-output steam power plants on ships
PublicationThis paper is aimed at analysis of possible application of helium to cooling high-temperature nuclear reactor to be used for generating steam in contemporary ship steam-turbine power plants of a large output with taking into account in particular variable operational parameters. In the first part of the paper types of contemporary ship power plants are presented. Features of today applied PWR reactors and proposed HTR reactors...
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Microbial fuel cell applications for removal of petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants: A review
PublicationBioelectrochemical systems (BESs) are considered as the potential approaches to remediate the environments contaminated by hydrocarbons. This review addresses the application of BESs particularly microbial fuel cells (MFCs) in degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons, including BTEXs, from soil, water, wastewater and sediments. Details on reactor design and critical issues are discussed. Aspects on electrodes, redox mediators and...
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Chronic Rhinosinusitis—Microbiological Etiology, Potential Genetic Markers, and Diagnosis
PublicationChronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a significant public health problem. Bacterial colonization and impaired mucociliary clearance play a significant role in the inflammatory process. Several inflammatory pathways and host defense elements are altered in CRS, which may contribute to observed differences in the microbiome. To date, researching CRS has been difficult due to limited access to the studied tissue and a lack of available...
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Modeling and simulation of tool cycle in manufacturing cell
PublicationThe paper addresses issues concerning modeling and analysis of tool flow within a three-machine manufacturing cell used for small batch manufacturing of a definite spectrum of prismatic parts. The approach utilizes a method for job and tool allocation to work centers with limited number of machines and capacity of tool resources, based on the analysis of formalized relations: job - tool sets required. Selected tool flow control...
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Comparison of the Effects of Conventional and Alternative External Carbon Sources for Enhancing of the Denitrification Process
PublicationFood industry effluents are considered a potential alternative for methanol when seeking external carbon sources to enhance denitrification in municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The aim of this study was to determine the immediate effects of dosing different carbon sources on the denitrification capability of process biomass from the "Wschod" WWTP in Gdansk (northern Poland). Five carbon sources, including settled wastewater,...
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Evaluation Of Single Pole Auto-Reclosing Effectiveness With Nonlinear Secondary Arc Model
PublicationThe paper discusses two evaluation methods of single pole auto-reclosing process effectiveness in HV transmission lines. Secondary arc current and recovery voltage results obtained by load flow calculation are compared to the results obtained by the time domain simulations. Moreover, a non-linear secondary arc implementation is presented. The authors indicate, that precise representation of secondary electric arc leads to more...
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Fungal Typin Methods
PublicationThe broad application of the molecular techniques in mycoses diagnosis is related to increase of infections caused by fungi in many countries. The oldest typing methods relaying on fenotypic observation, physiological and biochemical examination have had very limited importance from decades. Novadays, the molecular biology methods took their place. Most of the genotyping methods have been devoleped to be applied for typing of bacteria...
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Benchmarking Deep Neural Network Training Using Multi- and Many-Core Processors
PublicationIn the paper we provide thorough benchmarking of deep neural network (DNN) training on modern multi- and many-core Intel processors in order to assess performance differences for various deep learning as well as parallel computing parameters. We present performance of DNN training for Alexnet, Googlenet, Googlenet_v2 as well as Resnet_50 for various engines used by the deep learning framework, for various batch sizes. Furthermore,...