Search results for: RAILWAY ENGINEERING
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The role and scope of architectural and conservation research procedures in the process of restoring the splendour of an architectural monument created after 1945 on the example of the Suburban Railway Station in Gdynia
PublicationModern Movement buildings, despite their relatively recent construction, are sometimes affected by radical transformations of layout and form. The railway stations being one of the most important public buildings in the city are a special group of them. Due to long-term and intensive use they may bear the signs of exploitation of parts of its substance and have secondary transformations disharmony with the building. The subject...
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Modelling of Curvature of the Railway Track Geometrical Layout Using Particle Swarm Optimization
PublicationA method of railway track geometrical layout design, based on application of cubic C-Bezier curves for describing the layout curvature is presented in the article. The control points of a cubic C-Bezier curve are obtained in an optimization process carried out using Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm. The optimization criteria are based on the evaluation of the dynamic interactions and satisfaction of geometrical design requirements.
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Installation of GNSS receivers on a mobile railway platform – methodology and measurement aspects
PublicationDetermining the course of a railway track axis using satellite methods relies on ensuring the precise assembly of GNSS receivers in dedicated measuring devices. Depending on the number of receivers, solutions that are based on placing the apparatus directly above the railway track axis (as well as in eccentric positions) are used to indirectly obtain data to form the basis of the desired results. This publication describes the...
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The fate and contamination of trace metals in soils exposed to a railroad used by Diesel Multiple Units: Assessment of the railroad contribution with multi-tool source tracking
PublicationSoil samples from cut slopes from lightly loaded railway lines used by Diesel Multiple Units for 5 years in Gdansk (Poland) were collected and analyzed for trace metals (TMs): Zn, Pb, Cd, Ni, Cr, Cu, and Fe. The main aim was to assess soil enrichment, contamination status, and distribution of TMs relative to the distance from the railway track. Extensive source tracking analyses were performed using cluster analysis (CA) and the...
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Evaluation of the Possibility of Identifying a Complex Polygonal Tram Track Layout Using Multiple Satellite Measurements
PublicationWe present the main assumptions about the algorithmization of the analysis of measurement data recorded in mobile satellite measurements. The research team from the Gda´nsk University of Technology and the Maritime University in Gdynia, as part of a research project conducted in cooperation with PKP PLK (Polish Railway Infrastructure Manager), developed algorithms supporting the identification and assessment of track axis layout....
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Evaluation of the Possibility of Identifying a Complex Polygonal Tram Track Layout Using Multiple Satellite Measurements
PublicationWe present the main assumptions about the algorithmization of the analysis of measurement data recorded in mobile satellite measurements. The research team from the Gda´nsk University of Technology and the Maritime University in Gdynia, as part of a research project conducted in cooperation with PKP PLK (Polish Railway Infrastructure Manager), developed algorithms supporting the identification and assessment of track axis layout....
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Mariusz Figurski prof. dr hab. inż.
PeopleMariusz Józef Figurski (born 27 April 1964 in Łasinie, Poland) - Polish geodesist, professor of technical sciences, professor at the Gdańsk University of Technology. Early life and education He passed the matriculation examination in 1983 after he had finished Jan III Sobieski High school in Grudziądz. He graduated the Military University of Technology on an individual mode at the Faculty of Electromechanics and Civil Engineering...
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Determining horizontal curvature of railway track axis in mobile satellite measurements
PublicationThe article discusses the applicability of a novel method to determine horizontal curvature of the railway track axis based on results of mobile satellite measurements. The method is based on inclination angle changes of a moving chord in the Cartesian coordinate system. In the presented case, the variant referred to as the method of two virtual chords is applied which consists in manoeuvring with only one GNSS (Global Navigation...
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Multi-Option Model of Railway Traffic Organization Including the Energy Recuperation
PublicationThe article presents the issue of organization of railway traffic within the station, taking into account energy recuperation. We identified a number of factors which affect the energy efficiency of recuperation, including the issue of transfer of energy technology between a few vehicles. We presented some aspects of the decision problem of graphic train timetable construction with regard to recuperation. As an indicator of quality...
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Load function walking pedestrian on the footbridge.
PublicationModern foot bridges are more and more sensitive to variable load created by moving pedestrians. These are several reasons for that. Quickly growing up road infrastructure forces us to build foot bridges just to reconnect one piece of land, separated now by the new road or railway. These bridges are lightweight because the only live load acting on them comes from pedestrians.The paper focuses on the definition of human induces dynamic...
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GNSS INVENTORY OF HISTORIC NARROW-GAUGE RAILWAY LINE IN KOSZALIN UNDER EXTREMELY UNFAVORABLE MEASUREMENTS CONDITIONS FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF SATELLITE SIGNALS AVAILABILITY
PublicationA team of academic researchers from the Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdynia Maritime University and the Polish Naval Academy have been working since 2009 on the methodology of using active GNSS geodetic networks for geodetic inventory of railways and on adapting this measurement technique for designing geometric layouts of railway and tram lines. Over the years, the team tested a variety of configurations of receivers and settings...
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DYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF THE RAILWAY BRIDGES IN POLAND WITH REGARDS TO HIGH-SPEED TRAINS PASSAGE ADJUSTMENT
PublicationThe dynamic analysis of the railway bridge in Tczew was carried out in the article as an example of such bridges adaptation suitability to handle high-speed trains. Calculations of railway bridges are greatly complicated and labor-consuming. The bridge model and a rolling stock passage simulation were developed in the SOFISTIK software. Three types of elements were used for the correct mapping of the structure in the calculation...
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A Method for Determination and Compensation of a Cant Influence in a Track Centerline Identification Using GNSS Methods and Inertial Measurement
PublicationAt present, the problem of rail routes reconstruction in a global reference system is increasingly important. This issue is called Absolute Track Geometry, and its essence is the determination of the axis of railway tracks in the form of Cartesian coordinates of a global or local coordinate system. To obtain such a representation of the track centerline, the measurement methods are developed in many countries mostly by the using...
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Vibration of the bridge under moving singular loads - theoretical formulation and numerical solution
PublicationThe paper presents the results of the numerical analysis of a simple vehicle passing over a simply supported bridge span. The bridge is modelled by a Euler-Bernoulli beam. The vehicle is modelled as a linear, visco-elastic oscillator, moving at a constant speed. The system is described by a set of differential equations of motion and solved numerically using the Runge-Kutta algorithm. The results are compared with the solution...
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Correction of determined coordinates of railway tracks in mobile satellite measurements
PublicationThis article examines one of the basic issues related to the technique of mobile satellite measurements in railway tracks. This problem concerns the correction of the determined coordinates of the track centerline. The need to perform this operation results from the GNSS receivers positioning at a certain height above the level of the existing track axis, leading to longitudinal and lateral shifts of antennas. The key problem here...
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Numerical modeling of GPR field in damage detection of a reinforced concrete footbridge
PublicationThe paper presents a study on the use of the ground penetrating radar (GPR) method in diagnostics of a footbridge. It contains experimental investigations and numerical analyses of the electromagnetic field propagation using the finite difference time domain method (FDTD). The object of research was a reinforced concrete footbridge over a railway line. The calculations of the GPR field propagation were performed on a selected cross-section...
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The application of nonlinear curvature sections in the turnout diverging track
PublicationThe paper presents the analytical method of modelling the diverging track of railway turnout with nonlinear curvature sections. These sections were used for smoothing the graph of curvature in the extreme areas of turnout. The problem of the curvature distribution was identified with the use of differential equations. The resulting solutions are of universal nature for example the ability of assuming any values of curvature at...
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COMPREHENSIVE MODELLING OF THE COST EFFECTIVNESS OF RAILWAY LINE ELECTRIFICATION
PublicationSubject of this paper is the mathematical model estimating the Economical threshold between usage of combustion engine traction and electrical traction for new and modernized railway passenger communication lines. Currently available models do not coincide with the whole complexity of the problem. The proposed model was implemented into Matlab and then validated on “Pomorska Kolej Metropolitalna” investment time-frame and its cost...
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Transition curve with smoothed curvature at its ends for railway roads
PublicationIn the paper, in view of a railway ballasted track, a new concept of transition curve of linear form of curvature along its length and smoothed extreme regions is presented. For this purpose use has been made of an original, universal method for identifying transition curves by means of differential equations. Some general curvature equations for three regions investigated have been determined to be followed by appropriate parametric...
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Analytical design method of reverse curves
PublicationThe paper deals with a new approach relating to the design of the region of railway track direction alteration adapted to Mobile Satellite Measurements technique. The method may be particularly useful in situations when both the straights of the route directions cannot be connected in an elementary way using a circular arc with transition curves; this also refers to the application of a compound curve. Thus the only solution becomes...
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Degradation of the Concrete Railway Track Bed Located in the Vicinity of the Loading Wharf
PublicationThe following article describes the damages of the concrete railway track bed at the place of unloading petroleum products located in the immediate vicinity of the cargo berth. The concrete of the track bed has been a subject to degradation as a result of many years of exploitation resulting, inter alia, in its cyclical flooding of petroleum products during the unloading and loading of rail tankers. Repairs carried out in the previous...
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Analysis of Measurement Errors in Rail Vehicles’ Pantograph Inspection System
PublicationThe paper presents an approach to evaluation of height measurement errors in laser scanning inspection system. The system, consisting of a laser line generator and a specialized camera, is dedicated to diagnosing carbon contact strips of railway vehicles’ pantographs. While height measurement resolution is easily computable based on system parameters, determining the measurement error is troublesome due to numerous impacts. As...
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Hybrid energy storage forelectric multiple units to operate at the partially electrified line Gdynia -Hel
PublicationThe article presents calculations enabling the selection of an on-board energy storage device to replace diesel-powered trains with modern storage multiple units on the example railway line Gdynia Główna -Hel. The pioneering and currently used storage electric multiple units, mainly in Europe, were presented. The condensed results of the inventory of the line in question, including the technical condition...
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Dynamics of the small-span railway bridge under moving loads
PublicationThe paper presents the results of dynamic analysis of the small-span railway bridge, subjected to an action of moving trains. Numerical simulations were performed using three different load models: series of moving forces, series of moving single-mass and double-mass oscillators. The parameters of the vehicle were taken from the existing EN57 train. The parameters of the bridge were taken from the existing steel span of 10,24 m...
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Optimization of using recuperative braking energy on a double-track railway line
PublicationIn the introduction, possible ways of reusing energy from recuperation are presented. Next, the paper investigates the possibility of using regenerative braking in the range allowed by the detailed timetable by adopting the method of transferring the recovered electric energy directly to the catenary and immediate use of this energy by another train at the same power section. In the main part of the work, it is shown, that the...
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Mathematical modelling of the overhead contact line for the purpose of diagnostics of pantographs
PublicationThe overhead contact line (OCL) is the most effective way for supplying railway electric vehicles. The increase of the speed of the vehicles increases power consumption and requires ensuring proper cooperation of pantographs with OCL. The paper describes the novel mathematical model of the OCL system and the simulation results. The primary objective is a more accurate analysis to increase the reliability of the evaluation of monitoring...
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Lightweight glass and metal roof structures in the 19th century. Architecture and construction.
PublicationThe 19th century brought new construction possibilities. The usage of metal elements in mesh structures, filled in with glass, resulted in creating entirely new types of objects. They have distinguished themselves in architecture and technical solutions. The envelope structures giving spatial interiors were arising very quickly. They have been enabling large light penetration, triggering them extremely bright. Thus these building...
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Design of compound curves adapted to the satellite measurements
PublicationThe paper deals with a novelty related to the design of a region for an alternative railway track direction adequate for mobile satellite measurements. The new approach may become particularly useful in the design of the existing track axis control when the determination of both the main track directions becomes impossible. The only solution in that case is to apply to the geometrical system two circular arcs of a different radius,...
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Electrolytic corrosion of water pipeline system in the remote distance from stray currents– case study
PublicationCase study of corrosion failure of urban water supply system caused by the harmful effects of stray currents was presented. The failure occurred at a site distant from the sources of these currents namely the tramway and railway traction systems. Diagnosis revealed the stray currents flow to pipeline over a remote distance of 800 ÷ 1,000 meters from the point of failure. At the point of failure stray currents flowed from the pipeline...
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Energy efficiency of electric multiple units in suburban operation
PublicationThis thesis presents approach to analysis of energy efficiency of a suburban rail network, using novel models developed on the Matlab/Simulink basis. Necessary features and requirements for such models were determined thru in-depth review of the source literature in all applicable fields: electrified transportation systems, electric multiple units construction, vehicle drivetrains and finally, existing simulation methods. Existing...
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Analysis of the Ways to Identify Rail Running Surface Defects by Means of Vibration Signals
PublicationTh e article discusses a preliminary concept of a method enabling the identifi cation of chosen rail running surface defects, such as squats, spalling, and running surface defects, by analysing the parameters of vibration signals. It features a description of the methodology of the conducted tests, the scope thereof, and the selection of the measurement points with specifi c defect types. Th e article covers selected results of...
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Smoothed transition curve for railways
PublicationThe work draws attention to the existing situation in the area of transition curves used in the geometric layouts of the railway track. Difficulties in the practical implementation and maintenance of very small horizontal ordinates of the transition curve and the ordinates of the gradient due to cant in the initial section, appearing on smooth transition curves, were indicated. The main reason for this situation was the excessive...
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Analysis of turnouts with non-linear curvature of diverging track for different train running speeds
PublicationThe paper deals with the issue of shaping a variable curvature in the diverging track of the railway turnout. Solution without a circular arc in the central zone, comprising two zones of non-linear curvature, of the same length, having zero curvature values at the end points, was adopted as a model, on the basis of the previously conducted dynamic tests. Optimum type of curvature was selected from the point of view of the kinematic...
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Optimization of the efficiency of braking energy recovery in rail transport by changing arrival time
PublicationThe article refers to the previous work of the authors, in which the model of traffic organization of cooperating trains including the optimization of the use of energy returned to the catenary was presented. In the presented article, the model was modified by changing the main control variable, which affects the efficient use of energy. Departure time was changed for the arrival time of the train to the stop or station. The optimization...
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Displacement measurements during load testing of railway arch bridge
PublicationThe paper discusses issues concerning load tests carried out on a twin-track, arch railway bridge over the Martwa Wisla river in Gdansk. Currently, it is the bridge with the longest span in its class in Poland. The load-bearing structure consists of three no-hinge arches and an orthotropic deck suspended from them. The studies of the structure assumed the performing of static and dynamic tests. The paper presents the method for...
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Modal analysis of railway current collectors using Autodesk Inventor
PublicationThe paper presents the results of modal analysis of railway current collector type 160EC. In the first place, the analysis was carried out analytically for a simplified two lumped mass pantograph model. Then numerical analysis was conducted in the Autodesk Inventor (AI) on the prepared multibody model using the AI modal analysis algorithm, which is based on the finite element method (FEM). Model elements which are most relevant...
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A dynamic vehicle-bridge model based on the modal identification results of an existing EN57 train and bridge spans with non-ballasted tracks
PublicationThis paper addresses the methodology of the bridge-vehicle dynamic model definition based on the free response measurements of an existing train and existing bridge spans. In the case of the railway vehicle, the methodology uses the impulse excitations of a single car by means of the wedge method. In the case of the bridge spans, free responses are collected after the passages of trains. The global modal parameters (frequencies...
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Technical diagnostics and monitoring of traction current collectors
PublicationNew evaluation methods of the technical condition of rolling stock current collectors are proposed in this paper. The method of automatic measurement of the pantograph static force characteristic, realized when the vehicle runs through the test section of the track with especially prepared overhead line height distribution, has been practically implemented by the Polish Railways. The method of testing the slipper spring suspension...
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Endoscopic image processing and analysis of pistons' service failures of marine diesel engines
PublicationThe paper deals with diagnostic issues concerning endoscopic examinations of working spaces within marine diesel engines. In the beginning, endoscopy apparatus being on laboratory equipment of the Department of Ship Power Plants of Gdansk University of Technology has been characterized. The endoscopy considerations have been focused on theoretical bases of a digital image processing and especially - on the "Shadow" measurement...
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Determination of the tram track axis using a multi receiver GNSS measurement system
PublicationThis article refers to research, that has been conducted by an interdisciplinary research team from the Gdańsk University of Technology and the Maritime University in Gdynia since 2009. These investigation concerns the determination of a railway track axis using the mobile satellite measurement technique. Following the dynamic development of GNSS techniques, that could be seen in the last decade, the team carried out further experiments...
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Diagnostics of the tram track shape with the use of the global positioning satellite systems (GPS/Glonass) measurements with a 20 Hz frequency sampling
PublicationSatellite geodetic measurements used in the diagnosis of railway tracks require professional receivers and a very high frequency rate of data processing. It stems from a significant speed (10 km/h) kinematic measurements carried out during the passage of a measuring platform. The survey results (positions) of deformed railroad track have waveforms nature requiring additional processing methods and approximations. Due to the announcement...
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Vehicular Communication Environments
PublicationCommunication to and between road vehicles (cars, truck, buses, trains, etc.) are of growing interest. This is partly due to the attractive services that cooperative intelligent transport systems (C-ITSs) provides, mainly in the areas of traffic safety and traffic efficiency. An enabler for C-ITS is wireless vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication, collectively referred to as vehicle-to-X (V2X)...
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Identification of safety hazards and their sources in tram transport
PublicationBoth in Poland and in most countries of the European Union, the tram infrastructure is extensively expanding. Contemporary low-floor trams are constructed according to different technical assumptions than typical railway vehicles or high floor trams. In Poland such vehicles rides often on lines designed according to standards developed to the classical vehicles. At the same time, the intensity of road traffic and the number of...
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Forecasting of railway track tamping based on settlement of sleepers using fuzzy logic
PublicationThe sleepers in a railway track transfer vertical, transverse and longitudinal loads to the track ballast and subgrade. The sleepers allow for keeping the distance between the rails constant. The thickness of ballast should be between 16 and 35 cm depending on the design standard of the track, and it should be densified where the ballast supports the sleeper. The exploitation causes contamination of the ballast, crushing the material...
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Selected Problems of Transport in Port Towns – Tri-City as an Example
PublicationPort towns are strategic places from the point of view of transport systems. They form integration junctions for various transport branches , apart from the traditional - road and railway ones , also for water( sea) transport which is active there. Moreover, air transport comes also into consideration , whose efficient functioning must be connected with good accessibility, that concerns sea transport as well. Efficient and...
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Symbolic multibody models for digital-twin applications
PublicationSymbolic generation of multibody systems equations of motion appeared in the 1980s. In addition to their computational advantage over their numerical counterparts, symbolic models can be very easily and straightforwardly interfaced with a wide range of software environments and hardware devices. These two features place this approach in a pole position to participate and intervene in the design of digital twins for systems such...
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Reprezentation of mechanic hysteresis in a railway track using the Preisach model
PublicationThis paper presents an implementation of the classic scalar Preisach model to describe the hysteresis phenomenon created in a railway track subjected to lateral (in the horizontal plane) displacements. The principles of the Preisach theory and the scalar mathematical model of the mechanical hysteresis that is based on statistically distributed modified hysteresis operators are briefly presented. This article presents the characteristic...
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A new approach to determination of the two-mass model parameters of railway current collector
PublicationThe paper presents two mathematical models of railway current collectors both with two degrees of freedom. The first one, hereinafter Pantograph Articulated Model (PAM), has one degree of freedom in rotational motion and the second degree of freedom in translational motion. The second model, called henceforth as Pantograph Reference Model (PRM), has both degrees of freedom in translational motion. Differential equations of the...
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The process of identification of the track's geometrical layout and the alignment project based on the of satellite measurements
PublicationIn the paper a methodology of restoring of railway track’s geometrical shape in a horizontal plane on the base of conducted mobile satellite surveying was presented. The authors proposed a calculating algorithm for designing the track sections placed in horizontal arcs. In the algorithm an analytical methodology with mathematical formulas is applied. The procedure has an universal character, i.e. provides the possibility of varying...
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Satellite inventory of tram track geometrical layout
PublicationIn the paper a methodology of restoring of railway track’s geometrical shape in a horizontal plane on the base of conducted mobile satellite surveying was presented. The authors proposed a calculating algorithm for designing the track sections placed in horizontal arcs. In the algorithm an analytical methodology with mathematical formulas is applied. The procedure has an universal character, i.e. provides the possibility of varying...