Search results for: cell cycle
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Acoustic Processor of the MCM Sonar
PublicationThis paper presents the concept of an acoustic processor of the mine countermeasure sonar. Developed at the Department of Marine Electronics Systems, Gdansk University of Technology, the acoustic processor is an element of the MG-89, a modernised underwater acoustic station. The focus of the article is on the modules of the processor. They are responsible for sampling analogue signals and implementing the algorithms controlling...
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Types of wear and tear of biomaterials used in orthopaedic surgery
PublicationPurpose of this paper is presentation of observations on different kinds of wear and tear of biomaterials used in contemporary orthopaedic surgery. Types of prosthesis damage, encountered in medical practice, and their causes have been described. Results of many clinical studies were analysed to review prosthesis damage from the stage of implanting (such as intrusion of a foreign object between its components) to their natural...
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Safety Integrity Verification Issues of the Control Systems for Industrial Process Plants
PublicationThe aim of this article is to identify and discuss some issues that can be encountered in designing the industrial automation and control systems (IACS) for implementing safety functions. In a functional safety standard IEC 61511 for the process industry such systems are named the basic process control systems (BPCS) and the safety instrumented systems (SIS). In a generic functional safety standard IEC 61508 they are depicted as...
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Support Product Development Framework by Means of Set of Experience Knowledge Structure (SOEKS) and Decisional DNA
PublicationIn this paper, we propose a framework to support product development activi-ties by utilizing Set of Experience Knowledge Structure (SOEKS) and Decisional DNA (DDNA). This idea will provide a new direction to researchers working on product development, especially designers and manufacturers. They will be working on the same platform and this will be reducing their communication gap. Once the final idea is perceived about product...
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Neoclassical Navier–Stokes Equations Considering the Gyftopoulos–Beretta Exposition of Thermodynamics
PublicationThe seminal Navier-Stokes equations were stated even before the creation of the foundations of thermodynamics and its first and second laws. There is a widespread opinion in the literature on thermodynamic cycles that the Navier-Stokes equations cannot be taken as a thermodynamically correct model of a local "working fluid", which would be able to describe the conversion of "heating" into "working" (Carnot's type cycles) and vice...
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Identification of damages in the inlet air duct of a diesel engine based on exhaust gas temperature measurements
PublicationThe temperature of the exhaust gas of a diesel piston engine, measured in the characteristic control sections of its thermo-flow system, can be a valuable source of diagnostic information about the technical condition of the elements limiting the working spaces thus separated, including the turbocharging system, but also its fuel supply system and replacement of the medium. In standard marine engine measurement systems equipped...
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Analysis of the Possibility of Using New Types of Protective Coatings and Abrasion-Resistant Linings under the Operating Conditions of the Spiral Classifier at KGHM Polska Miedź S.A. Ore Concentration Plant
PublicationA study was carried out to select the appropriate coatings for corrosion protection of the spiral classifier working at KGHM Polska Miedź S.A. Ore Concentration Plant. The abrasion resistance of selected protective coatings and wear-resistant linings was investigated using a DT-523 rotary abrasion tester with Taber CS-10 rubber abrasive discs. The average weight loss of the coatings after a cycle of 2000 revolutions was determined....
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Carbon dioxide sequestration by industrial wastes through mineral carbonation: Current status and perspectives
PublicationMineral carbonation using natural minerals or industrial wastes is a safe and promising strategy for CO2 sequestration. Application of industrial wastes for this purpose has significant ecological and environmental value, which is one of the key green technologies in the global carbon mitigation. This review summarizes the current research status of CO2 mineralization by industrial wastes. This work surveys the mechanisms and capacities...
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Road Infrastructure Safety Management in Poland
PublicationThe objective of road safety infrastructure management is to ensure that when roads are planned, designed, built and used road risks can be identified, assessed and mitigated. Road transport safety is significantly less developed than that of rail, water and air transport. The average individual risk of being a fatality in relation to the distance covered is thirty times higher in road transport that in the other modes. This is...
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On the production of electricity in Poland using a geothermal binary power plant - A thermodynamic overview - Part I
PublicationPoland has a significant potential of geothermal energy. However, the high-temperature sources that are needed to drive power plants are found in relatively few places. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to consider any location in the northern part of Poland as a possible place to build a binary power plant. A scientific research was confirmed the existence of an elevated temperature gradient in this region. The hot rocks...
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HIGH TEMPERATURE HEAT PUMPS – PERSPECTIVE HEATING SYSTEMS?
PublicationIn the paper presented are authors own concepts of high temperature compressor heat pumps for the utilisation of medium and low temperature sources of heat. Working fluids for use in high temperature heat pumps are discussed, as well as the criteria for their selection. Analyses are presented for the production of in the upper steam source at 130 °C. One-stage systems and cascade systems were analyzed. An analysis of the coefficient...
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Implementing Smart Virtual Product Development (SVPD) to Support Product Manufacturing
PublicationThis paper illustrates the concept of providing the manufacturing knowledge during early stages of product life cycle to experts working on product development. The aim of this research is to enable a more collaborative product development environment by using Smart Virtual Product Development (SVPD) system, which is powered by Set of Experience Knowledge Structure (SOEKS) and Decisional DNA (DDNA). It enhances the industrial product...
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Multiaxial Fatigue Behaviour of SLM 18Ni300 Steel
PublicationFatigue behaviour of SLM 18Ni300 steel under proportional bending-torsion loading is studied. The fatigue tests are conducted under pulsating loading conditions using tubular specimens with a transversal circular hole. Three ratios of the normal stress to shear stress are considered, namely σ/τ=4,σ/τ=2 and σ/τ = 4/3. Crack initiation sites were found for two diametrically opposite points around the hole, whose locations are governed...
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Cooperation of mono- and bi-articular muscles: human lower limb
PublicationObjectives: The aim of this study was to create and analyze a Pareto-optimal problem that would describe cooperation between mono- and bi-articulate lower limb muscles in sagittal plane. Methods: Equations describing the problem were derived and analyzed, additional constrains were introduced and experimental verification based on gait video analysis was performed. Results: Uncertainty of Pareto-optimal solution is shown for the...
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The Comparison of the Crypto- and Fiat Currencies’ Exchange Rate Volatility in The Years 2015–2017
PublicationThe article describes the issues related to exchange rate volatility of crypto- and fiat currencies. The first part presents the issue of exchange rate volatility as well as methods of its evaluation and criteria of the conducted research. In the next part the author presented the essence of currencies and the main currency i.e. fiat money in the global economy in terms of the volume of transactions on the FOREX market. Then the...
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On the Hat Problem on the Cycle C7
PublicationThe topic is the hat problem in which each of n players is randomly fitted with a blue or red hat. Then everybody can try to guess simultaneously his own hat color by looking at the hat colors of the other players. The team wins if at least one player guesses his hat color correctly, and no one guesses his hat color wrong; otherwise the team loses. The aim is to maximize the probability of a win. In this version every player can...
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Organic syntheses greenness assessment with multicriteria decision analysis
PublicationGreen chemistry requires a metrics system that is comprehensive by the criteria included and simple in the application at the same time. We propose the application of multicriteria decision analysis for com- parative greenness assessment of organic synthesis procedures. The assessment is based on 9 criteria (the reagent, reaction efficiency, atom economy, temperature, pressure, synthesis time, solvent, catalyst and reactant) for...
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Ekonomiczne aspekty strategii utrzymania torów kolejowych
PublicationW ostatnich lata coraz więcej uwagi poświęca się analizie kosztów cyklu życia (Life Cycle Cost - LCC) w zakresie planowania strategii utrzymania infrastruktury kolejowej. Większość prac ogranicza się jednak do kosztów bezpośrednich (planowanych), takich jak budowy, konserwacji, odnowienia i utylizacji. Takie podejście prowadzi do niedoszacowania kosztów wynikających z niskiej jakości geometrii toru. W artykule przedstawiona została...
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Development of chromatographic and mass spectrometry conditions for untargeted lipidomic analysis of human breast milk
PublicationHuman breast milk (HBM) is a complex biofluid containing components which are essential for the proper growth of the newborn (for example nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids) and also bioactive substances. According to the literature, most of studies involving HBM nutrients investigations focused essentially on the determination of proteins. The molecular composition of lipids in HBM is not well known as the protein...
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Assembling and testing of quasi-static hybrid piezoelectric motor based on electroactive lubrication principle
PublicationThe presented paper concerns a novel concept of hybrid piezoelectric motor based on electroactive lubrication principle. Its structure is combined of quasi-static and resonance piezoelectric actuators, synchronizing their work to generate the rotary movement. The hybrid motor topology is compared to the existing piezoelectric motors, regarding its field of applications in embedded systems with very high security requirements. The...
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Design and distribution of air nozzles in the biomass boiler assembly
PublicationDue to energy crisis as well as increasing pollution of the environment, renewable energy sources usage increases all over the world. These facts encouraged authors to start research over developing a uniform biomass boiler calculation model. This paper presents a design of biomass boiler assembly created for ORC (Organic Rankine Cycle) unit since these systems could achieve strong position in energy industry....
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Smart experience engineering to support collaborative design problems based on constraints modelling
PublicationEngineering design is a knowledge intensive process. Experts' experiences from different product life-cycle stages play a key role in problem solving during design decision making by linking up knowledge to find better solutions for a specific design problem. Different approaches have been used to support Collaborative and Concurrent Product Design, such as Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CSP) modelling. Additionally, due to the...
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Warstwowy system zabezpieczeń w przemysłowych instalacjach podwyższonego ryzyka
PublicationRozdział poświęcono aktualnym zagadnieniom analizy i projektowania warstw zabezpieczeń w kontekście oceny ryzyka i zarządzania bezpieczeństwem funkcjonalnym w cyklu życia z wyróżnieniem trzech warstw: (1) podstawowego systemu sterowania BPCS (basic process control system), (2) człowieka-operatora korzystającego opcjonalnie z systemu alarmowego AS (alarm system) oraz (3) przyrządowego systemu bezpieczeństwa SIS (safety instrumented...
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Influence of reactive oxygen species during deposition of iron oxide films by high power impulse magnetron sputtering.
PublicationIron oxide films were deposited using high power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) of an iron cathode in an argon/oxygen gas mixture at different gas pressures (0.5~Pa, 1.5~Pa, and 5.0~Pa). The HiPIMS system was operated at a repetition frequency $f = 100$~Hz with a duty cycle of 1~\%. A main goal is a comparison of film growth during conventional and electron cyclotron wave resonance-assisted HiPIMS. The deposition plasma...
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Adoption of the F-statistic of Fisher-Snedecor distribution to analyze importance of impact of modifications of injector opening pressure of a compression ignition engine on specific enthalpy value of exhaust gas flow
PublicationThis article analyzes the effect of modifications of injector opening pressure on the operating values of a compression ignition engine, including the temperature of the fumes. A program of experimental investigation is described, considering the available test stand and measurement capabilities. The structure of the test stand on which the experimental measurements were conducted is presented. The method of introducing real modifications...
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Prediction of cast-in-place concrete strength of the extradosed bridge deck based on temperature monitoring and numerical simulations
PublicationThe work is devoted to the implementation of a monitoring system for high performance concrete embedded in the span of an extradosed bridge deck using a modified maturity method augmented by numerical simulations conducted by the authors’ FEM code. The paper presents all research stages of bridge construction and considers the conclusions drawn from the results of laboratory tests, field measurements, and numerical calculations....
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Validation Process for Computational Model of Full-Scale Segment for Design of Composite Footbridge
PublicationExperimental tests and numerical simulations of a full-scale segment of a foot and cycle bridge made of polymer composites are presented in the paper. The analysed structure is made of sandwich panels, which consist of glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) multi-layered laminate faces and a PET foam (obtained from recycling) core. The dimensions of the segment cross-section are the same as for the target footbridge; however, span...
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Hysteresis curves for some periodic and aperiodic perturbations in magnetosonic flow
PublicationA thermodynamic relation between perturbations of pressure and mass density in the magnetohydrodynamic flow is theoretically studied. Planar magnetohydrodynamic perturbations with the wave vector, which forms a constant angle with the equilibrium magnetic field, are under study. The theory considers thermal conduction of a plasma and the deviation from adiabaticity of a flow due to some kind of heating–cooling function. It also...
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Pressure drop and heat transfer during boiling and condensation at subcritical region
PublicationMost of the data presented in the literature relate to saturation temperatures in the range - 20°C to 40°C due to the application in refrigeration technology. There is necessity to extend databases to higher values of saturation temperature due to new applications such as Organic Rankine Cycle and high temperature heat pumps. Only few papers contain data for high reduced pressure for low boiling point liquids. This paper focus...
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Water Footprint Assessment of Selected Polymers, Polymer Blends, Composites, and Biocomposites for Industrial Application
PublicationThis paper presents a water footprint assessment of polymers, polymer blends, composites, and biocomposites based on a standardized EUR-pallet case study. The water footprint analysis is based on life cycle assessment (LCA). The study investigates six variants of EUR-pallet production depending on the materials used. The system boundary included the production of each material and the injection molding to obtain a standardized...
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Direct modulation for conventional matrix converters using analytical signals and barycentric coordinates
PublicationThis paper proposes the generalized direct modulation for Conventional Matrix Converters (CMC) using the concept of analytical signals and barycentric coordinates. The paper proposes a novel approach to the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) duty cycle computing, which allows faster prototyping of direct control algorithms. The explanation of the new idea using analytical considerations demonstrating the principles of direct voltage...
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Preparation of Hydrogen Electrodes of Solid Oxide Cells by Infiltration: Effects of the Preparation Procedure on the Resulting Microstructure
PublicationIn this work, the infiltration technique was used to produce hydrogen electrodes for solid oxide cells. Different infiltration methodologies were tested in order to try to shorten the infiltration cycle time. The porous scaffolds used for infiltration were based on highly porous yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) obtained by etching the reduced nickel from the Ni-YSZ cermet in HNO3 acid. The support had a complex structure which...
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3D Hierarchical Boron-Doped Diamond-Multilayered Graphene Nanowalls as an Efficient Supercapacitor Electrode
PublicationSynthesis of stable hybrid carbon nanostructure for high-performance supercapacitor electrode with long life-cycle for electronic and energy storage devices is a real challenge. Here, we present a one-step synthesis method to produce conductive boron-doped hybrid carbon nanowalls (HCNWs), where sp2-bonded graphene has been integrated with and over a three-dimensional curved wall-like network of sp3-bonded diamond. The spectroscopic...
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The selected roof covering technologies in the aspect of their life cycle costs
PublicationIn the article is presented an analysis of the life cycle costs calculation for selected roof coverings. The scope of research includes costs of construction, maintenance and demolition of the roof covering structure for two alternative technologies – the traditional and new generation. On the presented example of an industrial building with a roof area of 1000 m², the above costs are taken to consideration for the roof covering...
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Heavy duty vehicle fuel consumption modelling using artificial neural networks
PublicationIn this paper an artificial neural network (ANN) approach to modelling fuel consumption of heavy duty vehicles is presented. The proposed method uses easy accessible data collected via CAN bus of the truck. As a benchmark a conventional method, which is based on polynomial regression model, is used. The fuel consumption is measured in two different tests, performed by using a unique test bench to apply the load to the engine. Firstly,...
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Entrepreneurship Vulnerability to Business Cycle. A New Methodology for Identification Pro-cyclical and Counter-cyclical Patterns of Entrepreneurial Activity
PublicationIn literature, there is ongoing discussion whether entrepreneurial activity, approximated by, for instance, changes in self-employment, tends to behave pro-cyclically, counter-cyclically or rather is a-cyclical. Thus far, both theoretical and empirical evidence, where various multiple methodological approaches are used, does not provide clear answer to the latter; while widely offered explanations are scattered and lack robustness....
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Ideas of the New European Bauhaus (NEB) in architectural education
PublicationThe New European Bauhaus (NEB) is an interdisciplinary project initiated by the European Commission in 2020 [1], based on three values: sustainability, beauty and community (social inclusion). Its aim is to support the European Green Deal programme [2] by accelerating the transformation of various economic sectors, including construction, to improve the quality of people’s lives and protect the natural environment. Even though...
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Comprehensive thermodynamic analysis of the CAES system coupled with the underground thermal energy storage taking into account global, central and local level of energy conversion
PublicationA key aspect of CAES is the optimal configuration of the thermodynamic cycle. In this paper, the situation of cooperation between the current conventional power plants and wind farms is analyzed, and then, based on thermodynamic models, the process of storing thermal and electrical energy in the CAES system coupled with a heat storage and recovery is developed. Therefore, three levels can be distinguished, namely: the global level...
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Designing Control and Protection Systems with Regard to Integrated Functional Safety and Cybersecurity Aspects
PublicationThis article addresses current problems of risk analysis and probabilistic modelling for functional safety management in the life cycle of safety-related systems. Two main stages in the lifecycle of these systems are distinguished, namely the design and operation. The risk analysis and probabilistic modelling differ in these stages in view of available knowledge and data. Due to the complexity and uncertainty involved, both qualitative...
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Effect of Pin Shape on Thermal History of Aluminum-Steel Friction Stir Welded Joint: Computational Fluid Dynamic Modeling and Validation
PublicationThis article studied the effects of pin angle on heat generation and temperature distribution during friction stir welding (FSW) of AA1100 aluminum alloy and St-14 low carbon steel. A validated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was implemented to simulate the FSW process. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed in order to investigate internal materials’ flow. Simulation results revealed that the mechanical work...
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Is the Concept of Zero Waste Possible to Implement in Construction?
PublicationThe scientifically treated problem of reusing building materials appeared in the literature more than 50 years ago. This paper includes an analysis of the characteristics of recycled building materials, which is a prerequisite for rational recycling. The analysis and simulation of building stocks at different scales has led to the conclusion that the most important link in the transformation of the construction industry towards...
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The valance state of vanadium-key factor in the flexibility of potassium vanadates structure as cathode materials in Li-ion batteries
PublicationPotassium hexavanadate (K2V6O16·nH2O) nanobelts have been synthesized by the LPE-IonEx method, which is dedicated to synthesis of transition metal oxide bronzes with controlled morphology and structure. The electrochemical performance of K2V6O16·nH2O as a cathode material for lithium-ion batteries has been evaluated. The KVO nanobelts demonstrated a high discharge capacity of 260 mAh g−1, and long-term cyclic stability up to 100...
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Partial Admission Stages of High Efficiency for a Microturbine
PublicationThe paper presents the results of a design analysis of a microturbine for a cogeneration micro-power plant working in accordance with organic Rankine cycle. The heat power of the plant is assumed equal to 20kW and the corresponding available electric output is estimated to be about 3 kW. After the design analysis, the axial turbine with partial admission in all stages was built and tested experimentally. Special attentionwas paid...
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Criteria for selection of working fluid in low-temperature ORC
PublicationThe economics of an ORC system is strictly linked to thermodynamic properties of the working fluid. A bad choice of working fluid could lead to a less efficient and expensive plant/generation unit. Some selection criteria have been put forward by various authors, incorporating thermodynamic properties, provided in literature but these do not have a general character. In the paper a simple analysis has been carried out which resulted...
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Analiza możliwości odzyskiwania ciepła odpadowego w przemyśle rafineryjnym z wykorzystaniem układów ORC
PublicationJednym z najważniejszych zagadnień współczesnej techniki jest poszukiwanie nowych możliwości pozyskiwania energii elektrycznej poprzez zagospodarowanie dotychczas niewykorzystanych lub bezużytecznie marnowanych jej źródeł. Jest to niezwykle ważna kwestia zarówno z ekonomicznego, technologicznego, jak i środowiskowego punktu widzenia. Jednym z przykładów nowoczesnych rozwiązań w tej dziedzinie może być zastosowanie układu opartego...
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Partial Admission Stages of High Efficiency for a Microturbine
PublicationThe paper presents the results of a design analysis of a micro-turbine for a co-generation micro-power plant working in accordance with organic Rankine cycle. The heat power of the plant is assumed equal to 20kW and the corresponding available electric output is estimated to be about 3kW. After the design analysis, the axial turbine with partial admission in all stages was built and tested experimentally. Special attention was...
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The conception of energetic investigations of the multisymptom fatigue of the simple mechanical systems' constructional materials
PublicationThe article presents the basic assumptions of the research project aimed, as the main scientific purpose, an identification of the slow-changeable energy processes surrounding the high-cycle fatigue of constructional materials within the plain mechanical system, especially the marine one, for diagnostic purposes. There is foreseen an application of alternative diagnostic methods based on energetic observations of the multi-symptom,...
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Gazowa mikrosiłownia domowa z modułem ORC - doświadczenia z badania prototypu
PublicationArtykuł zawiera rozważania nad ideą wykorzystania obiegu parowego ORC (Organic Rankine Cycle) do skojarzonej produkcji ciepła i energii elektrycznej dla pokrycia potrzeb indywidualnego odbiorcy. Dokonano w nim podsumowania dotychczasowych prac prowadzonych przez Autorów, które zaowocowały budową demonstracyjno-badawczego stanowiska mikro-CHP z technologią ORC w skali „domowej”, współpracującą z komercyjnym kotłem gazowym. W publikacji...
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Cooperation of ORC installation with a gas boiler as a perspective co-generation system for households
PublicationThis paper reports tests of an innovative micro-CHP unit prototype, consisting of a traditional gas boiler and organic Rankine cycle (ORC), which incorporates original system components such as an axial vapour microturbine, evaporator and condenser. The system co-generates heat and electricity for a single household or a group of households. Electricity is only a by-product during production of heat. While testing the prototype,...
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Experience-Based Decisional DNA (DDNA) to Support Product Development
PublicationKnowledge and experience are important requirements for product development. The aim of this paper is to propose a systematic approach for industrial product development. This approach uses smart knowledge management system comprising of Set of Experience Knowledge Structure and Decisional DNA (DDNA) along with Virtual Engineering Tools (Virtual engineering object, Virtual engineering process, and Virtual engineering factory)....