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Search results for: intensity
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Hardness measurements for assessment of cavitation intensity
PublicationArtykuł opisuje możliwość zastosowania pomiarów teardości erodowanego materiału do oceny natężenia zjawiska kawitacji. Proponowana metoda zakłada, że cała energia implodujących pęcherzyków kawitacyjnych zamieniana jest na przyrost twardości warstwy wierzchniej materiału
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Sound intensity distribution around organ pipe
PublicationThe aim of the paper was to compare acoustic field around the open and stopped organ pipes. The wooden organ pipe was located in the anechoic chamber and activated with a constant air flow, produced by an external air-compressor. Thus, long-term steady state response was possible to obtain. Multichannel acoustic vector sensor was used to measure the sound intensity distribution of radiated acoustic energy. Measurements have been...
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Intensity of triticale production in different regions of Poland
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Pitting corrosion in steel and electrochemical noise intensity
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Pitting corrosion in steel and electrochemical noise intensity
PublicationPrzedstawiono analizę szumu elektrochemicznego, rejestrowanego w obecności korozji wżerowej. Stwierdzono korelację pomiędzy intensywnością szumu a ubytkiem mas elektrod stalowych. Rejestry szumowe rozłożone zostały na składowe częstotliwościowe za pomocą przekształcenia falkowego. Dla pewnych składowych stwierdzono silniejszą korelację z ubytkiem mas korodujących elektrod. Pasmo częstotliwościowe powyższych składowych odpowiada...
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3D Acoustic Field Intensity Probe Design and Measurements
PublicationThe aim of this paper is two-fold. First, some basic notions on acoustic field intensity and its measurement are shortly recalled. Then, the equipment and the measurement procedure used in the sound intensity in the performed research study are described. The second goal is to present details of the design of the engineered 3D intensity probe, as well as the algorithms developed and applied for that purpose. Results of the intensity...
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Acoustic Detector of Road Vehicles Based on Sound Intensity
PublicationA method of detecting and counting road vehicles using an acoustic sensor placed by the road is presented. The sensor measures sound intensity in two directions: parallel and perpendicular to the road. The sound intensity analysis performs acoustic event detection. A normalized position of the sound source is tracked and used to determine if the detected event is related to a moving vehicle and to establish the direction of movement....
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Histogram of Gradients with Cell Average Intensity for Human Detection
PublicationThe modification of the descriptor in human detector using Histogram of Oriented Gradients and support vector machine is presented. The proposed modification requires inserting the average cell intensitiesresulting with the increase of the length of the descriptor from 3780 to 4200 values, but it is easy to compute and instantly gives 14-26% of miss rate improvement at 10^-4 False Positives Per Window (FPPW). The modification...
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Snow Cover Studies: a Review on the Intensity of Human Pressure
PublicationSnow cover should be treated as a highly dynamic medium. A variety of physical and chemical processes interact to alter its chemical composition and affect the metamorphism of its individual crystals and layers; this, in turn, has a direct influence on their mutual adhesion, and ultimately on the stability of the entire snow cover. The literature data here reported provide basic information on the forms of solid precipitation,...
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Application of the wavelet transformation to estimation of intensity of pitting corrosion
PublicationAnalizie poddane zostały dane szumowe odpowiadające korozji wżerowej. Stwierdzona została korelacja pomiędzy intensywnością rejestrowanego szumu a ubytkiem masy elektrod stalowych. Na bazie przekształcenia falkowego zaproponowany został parametr charakteryzujący zaatakowanie wżerowe. Stwierdzono, że z grupy wytypowanych wskaźników prezentowany parametr wskazuje najlepszą korelację z wielkościami ubytków mas elektrod.
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The electromagnetic field intensity in industrial buildings
Open Research DataThe dataset contains the results of measurements of electromagnetic fields, separately electric and magnetic, carried out at selected places in the building of an operating industrial enterprise.
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Individual Characteristics and Cognitions of Students with Different Levels of Entrepreneurial Intensity
PublicationRESEARCH OBJECTIVE: The objective of the current paper is to verify in what way university students who declare high individual level of entrepreneurial intensity differ from those who are characterized by its intensity level. THE RESEARCH PROBLEM AND METHODS: A statistical analysis of obtained survey results was conducted. The group of research participants included 413 business students. Following statistical methods were used...
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Effect of excitation intensity on slope stability assessed by a simplified approach
PublicationThe paper concerns the selection of a design accelerograms used for the slope stability assessment under earthquake excitation. The aim is to experimentally verify the Arias Intensity as an indicator of the excitation threat to the slope stability. A simple dynamic system consisting of a rigid block on a rigid inclined plane subjected to horizontal excitation is adopted as a slope model. Strong ground motions recorded during earthquakes...
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Estimation of Average Speed of Road Vehicles by Sound Intensity Analysis
PublicationConstant monitoring of road traffic is important part of modern smart city systems. The proposed method estimates average speed of road vehicles in the observation period, using a passive acoustic vector sensor. Speed estimation based on sound intensity analysis is a novel approach to the described problem. Sound intensity in two orthogonal axes is measured with a sensor placed alongside the road. Position of the apparent sound...
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Application of two-dimensional intensity maps in high-accuracy polarimetry
PublicationWe propose the analysis of 2D intensity contour maps which is based on the optical transmission function for the polarizer-specimen-analyzer system. A small modification of the high-accuracy universal polarimeter (HAUP) technique was used to measure the intensity maps (HAUP maps) and determine the phase retardation, linear dichroism (LD) parameters, and multiple light reflection contribution in uniaxial crystals. We have performed...
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Light intensity analysis of photovoltaic parameters for perovskite solar cells
PublicationThe number of publications on perovskite solar cells (PSC) continues to grow exponentially. Although the efficiency of PSC is exceeded 25.5%, not every research laboratory can reproduce this result or even pass the border of 20%. Unfortunately, it is not always clear which dominating mechanism is responsible for the performance drop. Here, we develop a simple method of light intensity analysis of JV parameters allowing the understanding...
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Numerical modeling of sound intensity distributions around acoustic transducer
PublicationThe aim of this research study is to measure, simulate and compare sound intensity distribution generated by the acoustic transducers of the loudspeaker. The comparison of the gathered data allows for validating the numerical model of the acoustic radiation. An accurate model of a sound source is necessary in mathematical modeling of the sound field distribution near the scattering obstacles. An example of such obstacle is a human...
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Import Intensity of Production, Tasks and Wages: Microlevel Evidence for Poland.
PublicationObjective: This article relates to recent literature on labour market consequences of production fragmentation within Global Value Chains, analysed in the presence of workers’ heterogeneity and differences in the task content of jobs. The main aim is to assess if there is a relationship between wages of Polish workers and the degree of Polish production dependence on imported inputs. Research Design & Methods: Using microdata from...
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Flavin mononucleotide fluorescence intensity decay in concentrated aqueous solutions
PublicationCzasowo-rozdzielone widma absorpcji i fluorescencji FMN w roztworach wodnych zostały zmierzone dla szerokiego zakresu stężeń. Pokazano, że zaniki fluorescencji są silnie przyśpieszone przez obecność dimerów FMN, które stanowią niedoskonałe pułapki energii wzbudzenia. Wyniki doświadczalne porównano z rezultatami symulacji Monte-Carlo, uwzględniającej powrotny transfer energii od pułapek do donorów, stwierdzając dobrą zgodność modelu...
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Investigation of the underwater noise produced by ships by means of intensity method
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The experimental method of reducing magnetic field intensity in industrial buidings
PublicationPrzedstawiono metodę obniżenia poziomu intensywności zakłóceń w budynkach pracującego zakładu przemysłowego. Potrzeba wykonania badań pola elektromagnetycznego wynikała m.in. z zaobserwowanej wśród pracowników jednego z działów zakładu większej podatności na zachorowania. Na drodze pomiarów zlokalizowano źródła silnego pola magnetycznego w zakresie małych częstotliwości. Na podstawie analizy wyników pomiarowych sformułowano wnioski...
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Measurement and visualization of sound intensity vector distribution in proximity of acoustic diffusers
PublicationIn this work, we would like to present analyses and visualizations of sound intensity distribution measured in proximity of an acoustic diffuser. Such distribution may be used for estimation of basic acoustic parameters of a diffuser. Measurement is performed with the use of a logarithmic sine sweep which allows for the analysis of waves scattered by the diffuser and rejecting the direct sound signal component. Pressure and sound...
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Retention behaviour of some high-intensity sweeteners on different SPE sorbents
PublicationThe objective of this paper is to provide information about application of solid phase extraction (SPE) for isolation of nine high-intensity sweeteners (acesulfame-K, alitame, aspartame, cyclamate, dulcin, neotame, saccharin, sucralose and neohesperidin dihydrochalcone) from aqueous solutions. The influence of several types of LC-MS compatible buffers (different pH values and compositions) on their recovery has been studied and...
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Comparative study on the effectiveness of various types of road traffic intensity detectors
PublicationVehicle detection and speed measurements are crucial tasks in traffic monitoring systems. In this work, we focus on several types of electronic sensors, operating on different physical principles in order to compare their effectiveness in real traffic conditions. Commercial solutions are based on road tubes, microwave sensors, LiDARs, and video cameras. Distributed traffic monitoring systems require a high number of monitoring...
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Methodology for assessing the lighting of pedestrian crossings based on light intensity parameters
PublicationOne of the possible preventive measures that could improve safety at crossings is to assess the state of illumination of the lighting installation located in the transition area for pedestrians. The City of Warsaw has undertaken to comprehensively assess the pedestrian crossings to determine the level of road safety and the condition of lighting. The lighting conditions related to pedestrian crossings without traffic lights in...
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RADIATION OF HIGH INTENSITY SOUND BY CIRCULAR DISC BY MEANS OF THE NUMERICAL METHOD
PublicationThe main goal of this paper is to find sound pressure distribution radiated by the circular piezoelectric disc that vibrates with the finite amplitude. There has been presented the pressure distribution close to the radiating surface. Also it is shown the sound pressure distribution in the 3D form. The mathematic modeling was carried out on the base of the nonlinear acoustic equation with the proper boundary condition. The axial...
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Development of the sound field 3D intensity probe based on miniature microphones
PublicationThe engineered measuring probe uses three pairs of miniature microphones coupled. The signals from the microphones after an initial amplification are fed to differential circuits. Due to the required symmetry of the circuit it was necessary to select electronic components very carefully. Moreover, additional digital signal processing techniques were applied to avoid amplitude and phase mismatch. The view of the engineered probe...
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Intensity Ratio of Kβ/Kα in Selected Elements from Mg to Cu, and the Chemical Effects of Cr Kα1,2 Diagram Lines and Cr Kβ/Kα Intensity Ratio in Cr Compounds
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THE EFFECT OF DRYING INTENSITY ON THE COLOR CHANGES OF PINE WOOD (PINUS SYLVESTRIS L.)
PublicationThe effect of the selection of drying process parameters on the color change of Scots pine wood (Pinus Sylvestris L.) is presented. In this work the experimental studies have been performed. The research focused on the influence of drying intensity on the changes of color after drying process. Intensity of drying process was determined on the basis of the average drying gradient. To determine the color of wood before and after...
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The content of high-intensity sweeteners in different categories of foods available on the Polish market
PublicationThe objective of this study was to measure the concentrations of nine high-intensity sweeteners (acesulfame-K, aspartame, alitame, cyclamate, dulcin, neohesperidin DC, neotame, saccharin and sucralose) in different categories of food available on the Polish market. Over 170 samples of different brands of beverages, yoghurts, fruit preparations, vegetable preserves and fish products were analysed using an analytical procedure based...
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On the light intensity dependence of short-circuit current of bilayer organic photovoltaic cells
PublicationPraca przedstawia model zależności prądu zwarcia w organicznych dwuwarstwowych układach fotowoltaicznych od natężenia światła. Model jest oparty na założeniu jednorodnego pola elektrycznego w obu warstwach organicznych. Uwzględniona jest bimolekularna i monomolekularna rekombinacja nośników ładunku przy heterozłączu. Przedstawione zostało porównanie obliczeń teoretycznych i wyników doświadczalnych dla układów z barwnikiem perylenowym...
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The effect of plate size on the natural convective heat transfer intensity of horizontal surfaces
PublicationW pracy przedstawiono badania wpływu rozmiarów płyty prostokątnej poziomej na intensywność wymiany ciepła w warunkach konwekcji swobodnej. Zaproponowano dwa zakresy: dla płyt o wymiarze charakterystycznym mniejszym niż 0,1 m - 0,2 m intensywność konwekcyjnej wymiany ciepła jest odwrotnie proporcjonalna do szerokości płyty, dla płyt szerszych niż 0,2 m szerokość płyty nie wpływa znacząco na współczynnik konwekcyjnej wymiany ciepła....
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Research of the changeability of the vessels traffic intensity of inland waterways – case study for Lower Vistula
PublicationThe article presents an analysis of the changeability of traffic intensity of inland waterway vessels in the Vistula Delta. The concept of traffic intensity was defined, traffic flows and disturbances were identified in the studied area. The characteristics of the inland waterway traffic model are presented. The results of the analysis indicate the need to carry out modernization of inland waterways for the needs of inland waterway...
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A Regular Expression Matching Application with Configurable Data Intensity for Testing Heterogeneous HPC Systems
PublicationModern High Performance Computing (HPC) systems are becoming increasingly heterogeneous in terms of utilized hardware, as well as software solutions. The problems, that we wish to efficiently solve using those systems have different complexity, not only considering magnitude, but also the type of complexity: computation, data or communication intensity. Developing new mechanisms for dealing with those complexities or choosing an...
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3D Sound Intensity Measurement Around Organ Pipes Using Acoustic Vector Sensors
PublicationThe aim of the presented paper was to obtain and visualize sound intensity distribution of radiated acoustic energy around the organ pipes. The experimental setup consisted of the multichannel acoustic vector sensor and the specialized Cartesian robot. Measurements were performed in free field with spatial resolution of 0.1 [m]. Two organ pipes, i.e. wooden and metal were measured during the ex-periment. The organ pipes were activated...
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Electronic nose algorithm design using classical system identification for odour intensity detection
PublicationThe two elements considered crucial for constructing an efficient environmental odour intensity monitoring systems are sensors and algorithms typically addressed to as electronic nose sensor (e-nose). Due to operational complexity of biochemical sensors developed in human bodies algorithms based on computational methods of artificial intelligence are typically considered superior to classical model based approaches in development...
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Influence of cavitation intensity on the relative cavitation resistance of laser processed C45 carbon steel
PublicationPraca przedstawia badania względnej odporności kawitacyjnej we wstępnym okresie niszczenia laserowo przetopionej 6 kW laserem CO2 stali C45. Badania odporności kawitacyjnej wykonano na stanowisku z wirującą tarczą. Na erodowanej przetopionej warstwie powierzchniowej określono trzy obszary o różnej intensywności oddziaływania obciążeń kawitacyjnych. Określano wielkość odkształceń plastycznych w analizowanych obszarach, spowodowanych...
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Comparison of backscattered sea bottom echo modelling in the acoustic pressure domain and in the intensity domain
PublicationPrzedstawiono dwie metody modelowania rozpraszania wstecznego na dnie morskim: modelowania ciśnienia akustycznego opartego na aproksymacji Kirchhoffa oraz modelowania natężenia echa przy założeniu dominacji rozpraszania niekoherentnego. Porównano i przedyskutowano wyniki w odniesieniu do problemu poszukiwania jak najwłaściwszego opisu zjawiska rozpraszania sygnału akustycznego na dnie.
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Modulated photocurrents in a sandwich-cell structure: II. Influence of biasillumination intensity and carrier diffusion
PublicationPodano przybliżone wyrażenia opisujące modulowane fotoprądy (na podstawiemodelu wielokrotnego pułapkowania) w uwzględnieniem czynników wymienionych wtytule. Zbadano numerycznie ich wpływ na modulowane fotoprądy dla modelowychrozkładów pułapek. Otrzymano wzór - kryterium zaniedbania wpływu dyfuzji nafotoprądy.
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Higher harmonics of the intensity modulated Photocurrent/Photovoltage spectroscopy response - a tool for studying photoelectrochemical nonlinearities
PublicationIn this work, a higher harmonic analysis (HHA) of the intensity modulated photocurrent/photovoltage (IMPS/IMVS) spectroscopy data is proposed as a potent tool for studying nonlinear phenomena in photoelectrochemical and photovoltaic systems. Analytical solutions of kinetic equations were constructed for cases of single and double resonance accounting for various sources of higher harmonics. These sources correspond to the physical...
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The analysis of firms’ involvement in internationalisation and determinants of its intensity – an analysis for developing and post-transition economies
PublicationThe study presents the empirical analysis of firms’ involvement in different forms of internationalisation: export, indirect export, import, indirect import and finally simultaneous exporting and importing. The analysis is based on firm-level data from the World Bank Enterprise Survey (March 2017 release). The empirical part is divided into two stages. Firstly account is taken of firms’ heterogeneity and then a Melitz type analysis...
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Estimating Traffic Intensity Employing Passive Acoustic Radar and Enhanced Microwave Doppler Radar Sensor
PublicationInnovative road signs that can autonomously display the speed limit in cases where the trac situation requires it are under development. The autonomous road sign contains many types of sensors, of which the subject of interest in this article is the Doppler sensor that we have improved and the constructed and calibrated acoustic probe. An algorithm for performing vehicle detection and tracking, as well as vehicle speed measurement,...
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Application of fuzzy logic to determine the odour intensity of model gas mixtures using electronic nose
PublicationThe paper presents the possibility of application of fuzzy logic to determine the odour intensity of model, ternary gas mixtures (α-pinene, toluene and triethylamine) using electronic nose prototype. The results obtained using fuzzy logic algorithms were compared with the values obtained using multiple linear regression (MLR) model and sensory analysis. As the results of the studies, it was found the electronic nose prototype along...
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Advanced sensitivity analysis of the impact of the temporal distribution and intensity of rainfall on hydrograph parameters in urban catchments
PublicationKnowledge of the variability of the hydrograph of outflow from urban catchments is highly important for measurements and evaluation of the operation of sewer networks. Currently, hydrodynamic models are most frequently used for hydrograph modeling. Since a large number of their parameters have to be identified, there may be problems at the calibration stage. Hence, sensitivity analysis is used to limit the number of parameters....
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Advanced Scalar-valued Intensity Measures for Residual Drift Prediction of SMRFs with Fluid Viscous Dampers
PublicationMaximum Residual Inter-story Drift Ratio (RIDRmax) plays an important role to specify the state of a structure after severe earthquake and the possibility of repairing the structure. Therefore, it is necessary to predict the RIDRmax of Steel Moment-Resisting Frames (SMRFs) with high reliability by employing powerful Intensity Measures (IMs). This study investigates the efficiency and sufficiency of scalar-valued IMs for predicting...
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Performance of Vector-valued Intensity Measures for Estimating Residual Drift of Steel MRFs with Viscous Dampers
PublicationViscous Dampers (VDs) are widely used as passive energy dissipation system for improving seismic performance levels especially in retrofitting of buildings. Residual Inter-story Drift Ratio (R-IDR) is another important factor that specifies the condition of building after earthquake. The values of R-IDR illustrates the possibility of retrofitting and repairing of a building. Therefore, this study aims to explore the vector-valued...
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Determination of high-intensity sweeteners in beverages by high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry detection.
PublicationThe objective of the present study was to measure the concentration of nine high intensity sweeteners (acesulfame-K, aspartame, alitame, cyclamate, dulcin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcon, neotame, saccharin and sucralose) in different types of beverages available on the polish market. The proposed methodology reported here consists of a extraction with buffer composed of formic acid and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (pH 4.5) followed...
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The Use of Raman Spectroscopy to Monitor Changes in the Intensity of Ratio of Integral Unsaturated Bands in Bio-Greases
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Shot peening intensity effect on bending fatigue strength of S235, S355 and P460 structural steels
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MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS OF ELECTRIC FIELD INTENSITY NEAR SELECTED TRANSMITTERS OF MOBILE TELEPHONY BASE STATIONS
PublicationWireless connectivity has become increasingly common in recent times. Day by day, there are more radiocommunication devices and new ideas for them. In the near future, when the fifth generation networks will be implemented, whose main feature will be continuous wireless communication, we must approach the issue of electric field measurements more and more carefully.