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wszystkich: 935
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Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: EXPONENTIAL TRAFFIC
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Adaptacyjny system sterowania ruchem drogowym
PublikacjaAdaptacyjny system sterowania ruchem drogowym to rodzaj systemu sterowania, który dynamicznie, w czasie rzeczywistym, dostosowuje swoje parametry w oparciu o bieżące warunki ruchu drogowego. Celem niniejszej rozprawy jest sprawdzenie wpływu wybranych cech systemu, zbudowanego w oparciu o zaprojektowane i zbudowane z udziałem autora inteligentne znaki drogowe, na wybrane parametry mające wpływ na bezpieczeństwo i płynność ruchu....
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Urban Railway within the Linear Urban Structure: the Case Study of Perm, Russia
PublikacjaThe paper analyses the ten years’ experience of Perm to develop its system of the urban train trying to reveal the reasons for its modest performance and decline in the passenger traffic. The authors show how the Urban Train fits within the city urban structure and eval uate the potential of the Urban Train to become a feasible solution to the problem of connecting the periphery with the city centre. Furthermore,...
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Assessing Highway Travel Time Reliability using Probe Vehicle Data
PublikacjaProbe vehicle data (also known as “floating car data”) can be used to analyze travel time reliability of an existing road corridor in order to determine where, when, and how often traffic congestion occurs at particular road segments. The aim of the study is to find the best reliability performance measures for assessing congestion frequency and severity based on probe data. Pilot surveys conducted on A2 motorway in Poland confirm...
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Planning of the green road system as an element of spatial management in suburbs and small towns
PublikacjaThe premise for the development of sustainable forms of road infrastructure in small towns is the appropriate plan at an early stage or modifi cation in the case of existing spaces. A multi-directional approach is extremely important, which takes into account the specifi city of the regional (country) road system, availability, and capacity of traffi c network, but also social and environmental factors. Effi cient management...
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New approach to noncausal identification of nonstationary stochastic systems subject to both smooth and abrupt parameter changes
PublikacjaIn this paper we consider the problem of finiteintervalparameter smoothing for a class of nonstationary linearstochastic systems subject to both smooth and abrupt parameterchanges. The proposed parallel estimation scheme combines theestimates yielded by several exponentially weighted basis functionalgorithms. The resulting smoother automatically adjustsits smoothing bandwidth to the type and rate of nonstationarityof the identified...
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Study of QoS Parameters Measurement Methodology and Requirements in RSMAD
PublikacjaThe paper presents the results of analysis and research of the quality of service requirements (defined by the QoS parameters) for data transmission services in Radio System for Monitoring and Acquisition of Data from Traffic Enforcement Cameras (in short: RSMAD). The paper also presents and discusses the results of test of impact of the size of images from traffic enforcement cameras (TECs) on the average transmission time. Moreover,...
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Theory and implementation of a virtualisation level Future Internet defence in depth architecture
PublikacjaAn EU Future Internet Engineering project currently underway in Poland defines three parallel internets (PIs). The emerging IIP system (IIPS, abbreviating the project’s Polish name), has a four-level architecture, with level 2 responsible for creation of virtual resources of the PIs. This paper proposes a three-tier security architecture to address level 2 threats of unauthorised traffic injection and IIPS traffic manipulation...
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Mobile indicators in GIS and GPS positioning accuracy in cities
PublikacjaThe publication describes the possible use of tele-geoprocessing as a synergy of modern IT solutions, telecommunications and GIS algorithms. The paper presents a possibility of urban traffic monitoring with the use of mobile GIS indicators of dedicated monitoring system designed for taxi corporation. The system is based on a stationary and mobile software package. The optimal and minimal assumptions for the monitoring of urban...
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Pedestrian and bicycle bridges as examples of safe collision-free road crossings
PublikacjaPedestrians are most at risk when they are crossing the road. This represents a significant proportion of all fatalities among pedestrians, amounting respectively to 50% in non-built-up areas and 75% in built-up areas. The most frequent reason for this accident is failure to give way. What is most terrible is that 30% of pedestrian accidents occurred at marked pedestrian crossings. Therefore, an important part of pedestrian safety...
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Design of Resilient Vehicle-to-Infrastructure Systems
PublikacjaVehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) have recently gained noticeable attention due to advantages in improving road traffic safety, shaping the road traffic and providing infotainment opportunities to travellers. However, transmission characteristics following from the IEEE 802.11p standard and the high mobility of VANET nodes remarkably reduce the lifetime, reach and capacity of wireless links, and often lead to simultaneous disruptions...
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Wykładnicze równanie Arrheniusa jako funkcja dojrzałości twardniejącego betonu
PublikacjaPoprawne określenie funkcji dojrzałości dla mieszanki betonowej warunkuje powodzenie szacowania wytrzymałości na ściskanie na bazie pomiarów temperatury in situ. W artykule omówiono zastosowanie równania Arrheniusa do opisu funkcji dojrzewania twardniejącego betonu. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na zależności szybkości zachodzenia reakcji w odmiennych warunkach temperaturowych. Przedstawiono wyniki własnych badań na kostkach zaprawy...
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Preliminary safety assessment of Polish interchanges
PublikacjaInterchanges are a key and the most complex element of a road infrastructure. The safety and functionality of interchanges determine the traffic conditions and safety of the entire road network. This applies particularly to motorways and express-ways, for which they are the only way to access and exchange traffic. A big problem in Poland is the lack of comprehensive tools for designers at individual stages of the design process....
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Heart and mind in public transport: Analysis of motives, satisfaction and psychological correlates of public transportation usage in the Gdańsk–Sopot–Gdynia Tricity Agglomeration in Poland
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Analysis of positioning methods using Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) in Polish State Railways (PKP)
PublikacjaEach year, global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) improve their accuracy, availability, continuity, integrity, and reliability. Due to these continual improvements, the systems are increasingly used in various modes of transport, including rail transport, the subject of this publication. GNSS are used for rail passenger information, rail traffic management, and rail traffic control. These applications differ in the positioning...
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Identification of nonstationary processes using noncausal bidirectional lattice filtering
PublikacjaThe problem of off-line identification of a nonstationary autoregressive process with a time-varying order and a time-varying degree of nonstationarity is considered and solved using the parallel estimation approach. The proposed parallel estimation scheme is made up of several bidirectional (noncausal) exponentially weighted lattice algorithms with different estimation memory and order settings. It is shown that optimization of...
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Prognozowanie ostrzegawcze w małej firmie
PublikacjaW artykule pokazano możliwości zastosowania prostych metod prognostycznych do ostrzegania w małej firmie przed niekorzystnymi zjawiskami. Przedmiotem badań jest sprzedaż, a ze względu na występowanie w szeregu czasowym sezonowości, w celu wyznaczenia sygnałów ostrzegawczych dokonano porównań trendów prognozowanych i rzeczywistych w okresach jednoimiennych za pomocą pierwszych różnic. Do prognozowania sprzedaży wykorzystano proste...
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Estimation of a smoothness parameter by spline wavelets
PublikacjaWe consider the smoothness parameter s*(f) of a function f∈L2(R) in terms of Besov spaces. The existing results on estimation of smoothness [K. Dziedziul, M. Kucharska and B. Wolnik, J. Nonparametric Statist. 23 (2011)] employ the Haar basis and are limited to the case 0
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Diffusion equations with spatially dependent coefficients and fractal Cauer-type networks
PublikacjaIn this article, we formulate and solve the representation problem for diffusion equations: giving a discretization of the Laplace transform of a diffusion equation under a space discretization over a space scale determined by an increment h > 0, can we construct a continuous in h family of Cauer ladder networks whose constitutive equations match for all h > 0 the discretization. It is proved that for a finite differences discretization...
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Export diversification and economic development: a dynamic spatial data analysis
PublikacjaThis paper contributes to the empirical literature on the relationship between ‘export variety’ (export diversification) and economic development by relaxing the assumption of cross-country independence and allowing for spatial diffusion of shocks in observed and unobserved factors. Export variety is measured for a balanced panel of 114 countries (1992-2012) using very detailed information on their exports (HS 6-digit product...
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Evaluating the convenience and safety effects of bicycle lanes in Gdańsk
PublikacjaBicycle lanes are lanes marked on a road and dedicated for exclusive use for cyclists.. Because they combine bike and motor traffic they provide directness and flow. However, a shared use of streets could result in bicycle-car accidents. Following up on the good practice Western countries have in planning cycle infrastructure, Gdańsk has recently introduced bike lanes on a few streets. The aim of the research was to assess the...
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Disappearing Bridge
PublikacjaThe main parts of the Hafen City’s residential development are still under construction. Close by, uninviting offi ce buildings defi ne Hammerbrook. Neighboring Rothenburgsort is inhabited by many citizens but lacks cultural attractions. Street traffic and water barriers distinctly separate the districts.
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Call processing performance in multidomain IMS/NGN architecture
PublikacjaThe Next Generation Network (NGN) architecture, which bases on the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) concept, is a proposition of a telecommunication network dedicated to the needs of the modern information society. The main goal of NGN is to provide Quality of Service (QoS), for which proper network design and dimensioning are necessary. This also requires appropriate traffic models, which should be efficient and not excessively complicated...
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Analysis of effect of overloaded vehicles on fatigue life of flexible pavements based on weigh in motion (WIM) data
PublikacjaOverloaded vehicles have a significant impact on pavement fatigue life and distress. As the studies show, the phenomena intensify when the control of traffic is poor. The paper presents the results of the research including analysis of weigh in motion data from eight stations and analysis of asphalt pavement fatigue caused by mixed traffic. Distributions of vehicles axles load including the multiple axles effects are presented....
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Acoustic evaluation of road surfaces using different Close Proximity testing devices
PublikacjaAccording to the valid standard, Close Proximity (CPX) method intends to evaluate the influence of road surfaces on traffic noise. Measurements may be carried out with the use of a self-powered vehicle or a special test trailer equipped with testing tyre towed by another vehicle. Two different testing devices took part in the research organized in Poland in order to determine the ranking of road surfaces in terms of acoustic parameters....
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Protection in elastic optical networks
PublikacjaIn this article, we analyze gains resulting from the use of EON architectures with special focus on transportation of cloud-ready and content-oriented traffic in the context of network resilience. EONs are a promising approach for future optical transport networks and, apart from improving the network spectral efficiency, bring such new capabilities as squeezed protection, which reduces resource requirements in failure scenarios....
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Universities as Part of the Urban Transport System—Analysis Using the Example of the Gdansk University of Technology and Medical University of Gdansk
PublikacjaMany cities perceive academic function as a distinctive feature, representing the rank and prestige of the city. Universities provide places for work and learning for a high number of people and represent a significant proportion compared to the total city population (even 22%). Many of Polish universities are located in the urban structure in the form of spatially concentrated campuses, where the number of people working and studying...
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Optimization of the efficiency of braking energy recovery in rail transport by changing arrival time
PublikacjaThe article refers to the previous work of the authors, in which the model of traffic organization of cooperating trains including the optimization of the use of energy returned to the catenary was presented. In the presented article, the model was modified by changing the main control variable, which affects the efficient use of energy. Departure time was changed for the arrival time of the train to the stop or station. The optimization...
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Determination of equivalent axle load factors with the use of strain energy of distortion
PublikacjaThe paper proposes a new method for calculation of equivalent axle load factors based on the analysis of strain energy of distortion induced in road pavements by traffic loads. The main advantage of the method is the more accurate calculation of the effects of multiple axles and super single versus dual tyres. The methodconsiders the location of critical points, at which strain energy of distortion reaches extreme values. When...
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A novel approach exploiting properties of convolutional neural networks for vessel movement anomaly detection and classification
PublikacjaThe article concerns the automation of vessel movement anomaly detection for maritime and coastal traffic safety services. Deep Learning techniques, specifically Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), were used to solve this problem. Three variants of the datasets, containing samples of vessel traffic routes in relation to the prohibited area in the form of a grayscale image, were generated. 1458 convolutional neural networks with...
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New Approach to Noncasual Identification of Nonstationary Stochastic FIR Systems Subject to Both Smooth and Abrupt Parameter Changes
PublikacjaIn this technical note, we consider the problem of finite-interval parameter smoothing for a class of nonstationary linear stochastic systems subject to both smooth and abrupt parameter changes. The proposed parallel estimation scheme combines the estimates yielded by several exponentially weighted basis function algorithms. The resulting smoother automatically adjusts its smoothing bandwidth to the type and rate of nonstationarity...
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Analiza czynników wpływających na prędkość pojazdów transportu zbiorowego na przykładzie Gdańska
PublikacjaW referacie przedstawiono istotę problemu szacowania prędkości pojazdów transportu zbiorowego w szczególności w zakresie modelowania ruchu. Przedstawiono i omówiono wyniki przeprowadzonych w maju ubiegłego roku pomiarów czasu przejazdu pojazdów transportu zbiorowego na obszarze Gdańska w ramach budowy systemu sterowania ruchem TRISTAR. Otrzymane wyniki zestawiono w celu zaprezentowania statystyki oraz zidentyfikowania czynników...
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Study of Multi-Class Classification Algorithms’ Performance on Highly Imbalanced Network Intrusion Datasets
PublikacjaThis paper is devoted to the problem of class imbalance in machine learning, focusing on the intrusion detection of rare classes in computer networks. The problem of class imbalance occurs when one class heavily outnumbers examples from the other classes. In this paper, we are particularly interested in classifiers, as pattern recognition and anomaly detection could be solved as a classification problem. As still a major part of...
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Excavation induced cast iron pipeline failure – a numerical study
PublikacjaNumerical study on impact of an unsecured excavation on an underground pipeline. Analysis focused on investigation of pipeline displacement generated by soil movement caused by excavation and heavy traffic. Numerical calculations and soil parameter sensitivity analysis based on Finite Element Method. Some comparisons of results with real-life failure cases.
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Analiza ruchu drogowego z wykorzystaniem analizy akustycznej
PublikacjaTematyka pracy porusza zagadnienia dotyczące pozyskiwania informacji o ruchu drogowym z wykorzystaniem monitoringu akustycznego. Przybliżono podstawowe techniki nadzoru nad ruchem drogowym. Przedstawiono założenia akustycznego detektora ruchu i zbadano jego skuteczność na trzech płaszczyznach działania – zliczania pojazdów, klasyfikacji rodzajowej i klasyfikacji warunków pogodowych panujących na nawierzchni
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A New Fuzzy Sliding Mode Controller with PID Sliding Surface for Underwater Manipulators
PublikacjaDesign of an accurate and robust controller is challenging topic in underwater manipulator control. This is due to hydrodynamic disturbances in underwater environment. In this paper a sliding mode control (SMC) included a PID sliding surface and fuzzy tunable gain is designed. In this proposed controller robustness property of SMC and fast response of PID are incorporated with fuzzy rules to reduce error tracking. In the control...
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Modelling of residential sales price with kriging using different distance metrics in different correlation functions
PublikacjaThe modelling and estimation of sales prices based on economical conditions are important for housing sector especially in developing countries. Analysts are focused on the subject to analyze price movements and estimate the future trend of the sales prices for housing sector. In this study, we tried to generate a robust and efficient model related to the subject. Firstly, we investigated economic variables affecting housing sales...
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Safety at railway level crossings and Vision Zero
PublikacjaIn this work, safety analysis at the railway level crossings is presented using advanced mathematical modelling. Resistivity of track subgrade panels is taken into account. The analysis does not refer to the assessment of the current regulations. Specific cases of generalized dynamic system are considered by introducing operations S=Δ, S=P defined in space C(N) of real sequences. In this model, generalized discrete exponential...
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Technical diagnostics and monitoring of traction current collectors
PublikacjaNew evaluation methods of the technical condition of rolling stock current collectors are proposed in this paper. The method of automatic measurement of the pantograph static force characteristic, realized when the vehicle runs through the test section of the track with especially prepared overhead line height distribution, has been practically implemented by the Polish Railways. The method of testing the slipper spring suspension...
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Vehicle detector training with labels derived from background subtraction algorithms in video surveillance
PublikacjaVehicle detection in video from a miniature station- ary closed-circuit television (CCTV) camera is discussed in the paper. The camera provides one of components of the intelligent road sign developed in the project concerning the traffic control with the use of autonomous devices being developed. Modern Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based detectors need big data input, usually demanding their manual labeling. In the presented...
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Acoustic Detector of Road Vehicles Based on Sound Intensity
PublikacjaA method of detecting and counting road vehicles using an acoustic sensor placed by the road is presented. The sensor measures sound intensity in two directions: parallel and perpendicular to the road. The sound intensity analysis performs acoustic event detection. A normalized position of the sound source is tracked and used to determine if the detected event is related to a moving vehicle and to establish the direction of movement....
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CFFT columns in road through railroad crossings
PublikacjaThere were 12801 road through railroad one-level crossings in Poland in 2018. 215 accidents happened at them in 2018. In order to increase safety in rail and road traffic two-level crossings should be used. They are definitely safer and make the traffic more smooth. In the design and construction of two-level intersections of railway and road or path columns of circular cross-section are often used. They can be successfully replaced...
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Organizacja ruchu pociągów w obrębie stacji a oszczędność energii
PublikacjaW artykule przytoczono podstawowe zasady organizacji ruchu kolejowego. Wyodrębniono elementy sieci kolejowej oraz wskazano obszar stacji kolejowej jako najistotniejszy z punktu widzenia organi-zacji ruchu dla celów zmniejszenia zużycia energii trakcyjnej z uwzględnieniem rekuperowanej ener-gii. W dalszej części odwołano się do spotykanych w literaturze rozwiązań sterowania czasem posto-ju na stacji oraz sterowania czasem jazdy...
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Jakość usług w optycznej sieci wielodomenowej z hierarchiczną strukturą płaszczyzn sterowania
PublikacjaW rozprawie przedstawiono przegląd architektur sieci z gwarancją jakości klas usług oraz stan prac w zakresie realizacji optycznych sieci ASON, GMPLS oraz ASON/GMPLS. Opisano wymagania i zaawansowanie prac w realizacji sieci ASON/GMPLS z hierarchiczną strukturą płaszczyzn sterowania oraz problemy związane z zagadnieniem jakości klas usług w tej sieci. Zaprezentowano założenia, koncepcję oraz realizację modelu symulacyjnego optycznej...
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Akustyczna analiza natężenia ruchu drogowego dla systemów zarządzania ruchem
PublikacjaW pracy przybliżono wybrane zagadnienia z dziedziny zarządzania transportem drogowym w Polsce i na świecie. W tym kontekście pzredstawiono potrzeby rynkowe, wymagania jak i możliwości w zakresie pozyskiwania informacji o aktualnym stanie sieci drogowych. Zaproponowano akustyczną metodę nadzorowania ruchu drogowego i jej możliwości w kontekście systemów zarządzania ruchem. Przedstawiono schemat akwizycji sygnału wraz z danymi odniesienia....
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Mean drift detection using statistical process control
PublikacjaCelem niniejszego rozdziału jest opisanie narzędzi statystycznej kontroli procesu (ang. Statistical Process Control - SPC), służących do detekcji dryfu wartości średniej w procesie. W oparciu o dane pochodzące z modelu: karty wartości średniej, odchylenia standardowego, karty oparte na testach sekwencyjnych oraz wykładniczo ważonej średniej ruchomej (ang. Exponentially Weighted Moving Average - EWMA), zostały porównane z punktu...
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On thermal stability of topological qubit in Kitaev's 4D model
PublikacjaWe analyse stability of the four-dimensional Kitaev model-a candidate for scalable quantum memory - in finite temperature within the weak coupling Markovian limit. It is shown that, below a critical temperature, certain topological qubit observables X and Z possess relaxation times exponentially long in the size of the system. Their construction involves polynomial in system size algorithm which uses as an input the results of...
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Vehicular Communication Environments
PublikacjaCommunication to and between road vehicles (cars, truck, buses, trains, etc.) are of growing interest. This is partly due to the attractive services that cooperative intelligent transport systems (C-ITSs) provides, mainly in the areas of traffic safety and traffic efficiency. An enabler for C-ITS is wireless vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) and vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication, collectively referred to as vehicle-to-X (V2X)...
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Vehicle Detection with Self-Training for Adaptative Video Processing Embedded Platform
PublikacjaTraffic monitoring from closed-circuit television (CCTV) cameras on embedded systems is the subject of the performed experiments. Solving this problem encounters difficulties related to the hardware limitations, and possible camera placement in various positions which affects the system performance. To satisfy the hardware requirements, vehicle detection is performed using a lightweight Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), named...
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Quality Parameters in IMS/NGN Networks
PublikacjaThe Next Generation Network (NGN) architecture, including elements of the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) concept, is a proposition of a telecommunication network dedicated to the needs of current and future information society. The main goal of NGN is to provide Quality of Service (QoS), for which proper network design is necessary with respect to among others standardized call processing performance parameters, including expected...
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Modelowanie reorganizacji ruchu w transporcie szynowym zwiększające efektywne wykorzystanie energii z hamowania odzyskowego
PublikacjaWe wstępie artykułu przedstawiono metody wykorzystania energii elektrycznej odzyskanej w procesie hamowania elektrodynamicznego. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na metodę zwrotu odzyskanej energii do sieci jezdnej i wykorzystania jej przez inne pojazdy szynowe, której efektywne zastosowanie niejednokrotnie wymaga reorganizacji ruchu. W pracy przeanalizowano opisany w literaturze model organizacji ruchu w transporcie szynowym, który uwzględnia...