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Search results for: corrosion, hull steels, acoustic emission, corrosion tester
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Study on the applicability of the measurements of magnetoelastic properties for a nondestructive evaluation of thermally inducted microstructure changes in the P91 grade steel
PublicationThe paper presents the resuIts of the investigation of the influence of duration and temperature oftempering process on the magnetoacoustic properties of P91 tempered martensite ferritic steeI. Duringtempering of martensitic steels the dislocation density. which initially is very high. systematicallydecreases what is confirmed both by analysis of the width of X-ray diffraction peaks and hardnessmeasurements. Magnetic hysteresis...
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Metal dusting in CCR platforming unit
PublicationPrzedstawiono mechanizm pylenia metalu w stali 9Cr-1Mo w instalacji platformingu CCR, na postawie badań rury podgrzewacza wsadu po 10 latach pracy, przy temperaturze metalu koło 600C. W badaniach wykorzystano techniki elektronowej mikroskopii skaningowej, dyfrakcji rentgenowskiej i mikroanalizy rentgenowskiej. Wykazano, że dyfuzji wegla w głąb stali toarzyszy odrdzeniowa dyfuzja pierwiastków węglikotwórczych - chromu i molibdenu....
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Hydrogen degradation of structural steels in technical hydrocarbon liquids
PublicationDla stali stopowych przeprowadzono badania absorpcji wodoru, mechaniczno-korozyjne przy stałej małej prędkości odkształcania, przy stałym obciążeniu i przy obciążeniu cyklicznie-zmiennym. Środowiskiem było paliwo kotłowe, przepracowany olej mineralny oraz gliceryna. Stwierdzono, iż pochłonięty wodór nie powoduje przedwczesnego zniszczenia stali poddanych działaniu stałego obciążenia ponizej granicy plastyczności oraz, że zaabsorbowany...
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Metal dusting in CCR platforming unit
PublicationPrzedstawiono mechanizm pylenia metalu w stali 9Cr-1Mo w instalacji platformingu CCR, na postawie badań rury podgrzewacza wsadu po 10 latach pracy, przy temperaturze metalu koło 600C. W badaniach wykorzystano techniki elektronowej mikroskopii skaningowej, dyfrakcji rentgenowskiej i mikroanalizy rentgenowskiej. Wykazano, że dyfuzji wegla w głąb stali toarzyszy odrdzeniowa dyfuzja pierwiastków węglikotwórczych - chromu i molibdenu....
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Dynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and polarization studies to evaluate the inhibition effect of benzotriazole on copper-manganese-aluminium alloy in artificial seawater
PublicationPrzeprowadzono badania wpływu benzotriazolu (BTA) na korozję nowego typ mosiądzu (CMA) w środowisku syntetycznej wody morskiej przy użyciu dynamicznej elektrochemicznej spektroskopii impedancyjnej (DEIS), techniki polaryzacji rezystancyjnej i ekstrapolacji krzywych Tafela. Wyniki pomiarowe otrzymane przy użyciu tych metod wskazują spadek szybkości korozji wraz ze wzrostem stężenia BTA. Wskazuje to na inhibicyjne własności BTA w...
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Sulfate‐reducing bacteria‐assisted hydrogen‐induced stress cracking of 2205 duplex stainless steels
PublicationThe paper presents the results of a laboratory investigation of the microbiologically assisted hydrogen‐induced stress cracking (HISC) of 2,205 duplex stainless steel (DSS). The testing of susceptibility toward HISC was performed with two different methods. Precharged in sulfate‐reducing bacteria (SRB), inoculated medium samples were subjected to slow strain‐rate testing in artificial seawater. In situ constant load tests were...
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COMPARISON OF TWO MODELS OF CONDENSATION
PublicationIn the low-pressure part of steam turbine, the state path usually crosses the saturation line in penultimate stages. At least last two stages of this part of turbines operate in two –phase region. The liquid phase in this region in mainly created in the process of homogeneous and heterogeneous condensation. Several observations confirm however, that condensation often occurs earlier than it is predicted by theory i.e. before the...
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Performance of zinc-rich coatings evaluated using AFM-based electrical properties imaging
PublicationThe paper presents the results of investigation of polyvinyl zinc-rich coating exposed to 97% relativehumidity atmosphere for 40 days. Condition of the coating and evolution of its protective properties weredetermined with the novel AFM-based approach capable of providing surface profiles, local dc currentmaps as well as local impedance spectra. The proposed technique allowed insight into the local changesof coating topography...
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A Simple Replica Method as the Way to Obtain a Morphologically and Mechanically Bone-like Iron-Based Biodegradable Material
PublicationPorous iron-based scaffolds were prepared by the simple replica method using polyurethane foam as a template and applying the sintering process in a tube furnace. Their surface morphology was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and phase homogeneity was confirmed using X-ray diffraction (XRD). Corrosion behavior was determined using immersion and potentiodynamic polarization methods in phosphate buffered saline...
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Zabezpieczenia antykorozyjne stalowych barierek ochronnych na obiektach mostowych w ujęciu kosztów cyklu ich życia
PublicationThe article presents the Life Cycle Costs analysis of steel safety barriers operated in road lane conditions, located on a selected bridge structure. Three corrosion protection systems were proposed, analyzing them in terms of the cost of initial and planned outlays related to maintenance. Based on the LCC analysis for three options, taking into account the 25-year lifetime of the barriers, the optimal solutionwas indicated, i.e....
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The determinants of morphology and properties of the nanohydroxyapatite coating deposited on the Ti13Zr13Nb alloy by electrophoretic techniqe
PublicationThe titanium and its alloys belong at present to the most preferred and commonly applied biomaterials for load- bearing implants. The surfaces of biomaterials are subjected to modification, including the hydroxyapatite coatings deposited in order to ensure corrosion resistance and better joining between an implant and a bone through the possibility of ingrowth bone into the coating. In this paper, the morphology and properties...
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The impact of material degradation on the resistance and reliability of truss structures
PublicationThe paper analyses limit load-carrying capacity and buckling load of truss towers used to support high voltage power lines. The analysed typical structure was subjected to characteristic loads and their combinations. The results were applied to assess structural resistance with regard to steel corrosion in the long-term operation. The extent of structural deterioration was assessed due to Young's modulus decrement in the course...
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Effect of Storage Conditions of Rutile Flux Cored Welding Wires on Properties of Welds
PublicationThe influence of storage locations of two grades of rutile flux cored welding wires on their surface condition and the strength of the welds made with them were studied. Wires were stored in real urban conditions (Gdańsk and Katowice) for 1 month, simultaneously recording changes in conditions: temperature and relative humidity of the environment. Visual tests of wires in the delivered and stored condition as well as visual and...
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Random field modelling of mechanical behaviour of corroded thin steel plate specimens
PublicationThe objective of this work is to explore the possibility of corrosion degradation modelling of thin steel plate specimens with the use of random field approach. The mechanical properties are obtained via the nonlinear Finite Element Analysis with the use of an explicit dynamic solver. The fully nonlinear material model is adopted to obtain the proper stress-strain response. Sensitivity analysis considering the main statistical...
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Badania stanu technicznego ścianek szczelnych strony południowej i północnej komory południowej śluzy Dzierżno
PublicationPrace dotyczyły badań nieniszczących łączników (zamków) Paine`a oraz ścianek szczelnych. Ściany boczne komory południowej śluzy Dzierżno zbudowane są ze stalowych pasów blachy o grubości około 16mm i długości 22m połączonych ze sobą wzdłuż dłuższej krawędzi za pomocą zamków Peine`a. System ten umożliwia uzyskanie szczelnego połączenia na całej długości ścianki. Zaawansowany proces korozji spowodował rozszczelnienie połączenia...
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Distributed System For Noise Threat Evaluation Based On Psychoacoustic Measurements
PublicationAn innovative system designed for the continuous monitoring of acoustic climate of urban areas was presentedin the paper. The assessment of environmental threats is performed using online data, acquired through a grid ofengineered monitoring stations collecting comprehensive information about the acoustic climate of urban areas.The grid of proposed devices provides valuable data for the purpose of long and short time acoustic climateanalysis....
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Types of wear and tear of biomaterials used in orthopaedic surgery
PublicationPurpose of this paper is presentation of observations on different kinds of wear and tear of biomaterials used in contemporary orthopaedic surgery. Types of prosthesis damage, encountered in medical practice, and their causes have been described. Results of many clinical studies were analysed to review prosthesis damage from the stage of implanting (such as intrusion of a foreign object between its components) to their natural...
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Measurements of flicker noise in supercapacitor cells
PublicationFlicker noise (1/f-like noise) is often used to assess the quality of various materials and devices. This phenomenon has been observed in different electrochemical devices or reactions (e.g., smart windows, pitting corrosion events). In our exploratory studies we consider how to measure and utilize 1/f noise for the quality assessment of supercapacitors. This task requires special attention because of enormous capacitance of the...
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Condition of Reinforced Concrete Structures and Their Degradation Mechanism at the Former Auschwitz Concentration and Extermination Camp
PublicationThis paper presents the results of investigations on reinforced concrete structures present in the former Auschwitz I and Auschwitz II-Birkenau concentration and extermination camp. Field inspection employing the non-destructive method of reinforcement potential measurement according to the ASTM-C 876–15 standard, followed by laboratory investigations performed on genuine historic reinforced concrete samples collected from the...
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The instantaneous frequency rate spectogram
PublicationAn accelerogram of the instantaneous phase of signal components referred to as an instantaneous frequency rate spectrogram (IFRS) is presented as a joint time-frequency distribution. The distribution is directly obtained by processing the short-time Fourier transform (STFT) locally. A novel approach to amplitude demodulation based upon the reassignment method is introduced as a useful by-product. Additionally, an estimator of energy...
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Electrochemical Activity and Electrical Properties of Optimized Polypyrrole Coatings on Iron
PublicationIn this work, electrochemical activity and electrical properties of polypyrrole (PPy) coated iron electrodes have been investigated. PPy film was electrochemically polymerized from sodium salicylate aqueous solution under conditions, which provided an increase of iron corrosion resistance. It was noticed that the pH of the solution and the applied electrode potential range during the study of the polymer properties had an influence...
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Influence of Laser Modification on the Surface Character of Biomaterials: Titanium and Its Alloys—A Review
PublicationLaser surface modification is a widely available and simple technique that can be applied to different types of materials. It has been shown that by using a laser heat source, reproducible surfaces can be obtained, which is particularly important when developing materials for medical applications. The laser modification of titanium and its alloys is advantageous due to the possibility of controlling selected parameters and properties...
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Properties of Composite Oxide Layers on The Ti13Nb13Zr Alloy
PublicationThe development of composite oxide layers on the Ti13Nb13Zr alloy, their structure and properties have been demonstrated. Two subsequent methods were applied to prepare the composite layers. During the first stage gas oxidation produced a solid oxide layer, and subsequently oxide nanotubes were produced by using an electrochemical method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), chemical analysis, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy...
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Influence of Laser Modification on the Surface Character of Biomaterials: Titanium and Its Alloys—A Review
PublicationLaser surface modification is a widely available and simple technique that can be applied to different types of materials. It has been shown that by using a laser heat source, reproducible surfaces can be obtained, which is particularly important when developing materials for medical applications. The laser modification of titanium and its alloys is advantageous due to the possibility of controlling selected parameters and properties...
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Optimization of biocorrosion resistance and mechanical properties of PM Ti–XAl–2Fe–3Cu alloys by response surface methodology
PublicationIn the current study, the biocorrosion resistance and mechanical properties of the Ti–XAl–2Fe–3Cu (wt%) (X = 6, 4, 2 wt%) alloy produced by powder compact extrusion of blended elemental powders were optimized by using the response surface methodology in order to gain the best combination of processing parameters. To run the optimization process, central composite design with three equal levels of oxygen, hydrogen and aluminum was...
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Recent advances in electrochemically surface treated titanium and its alloys for biomedical applications: A review of anodic and plasma electrolytic oxidation methods
PublicationNowadays, titanium and its alloys are widely used materials in implantology. Nevertheless, the greatest challenge is still its appropriate surface treatment in order to induce optimal properties, which facilitates formation of a permanent bond between the implant and human tissue. The use of electrochemical treatment such as anodic oxidation or plasma electrolytic oxidation allows for the production of porous coating that mimics...
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Inspection of Gas Pipelines Using Magnetic Flux Leakage Technology
PublicationMagnetic non-destructive testing methods can be classified into the earliest methods developed for assessment of steel constructions. One of them is the magnetic flux leakage technology. A measurement of the magnetic flux leakage is quite commonly used for examination of large objects such as tanks and pipelines. Construction of a magnetic flux leakage tool is relatively simple, but a quantitative analysis of recorded data is a...
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Debonding Detection in Reinforced Concrete Beams with the Use of Guided Wave Propagation
PublicationOne of the most frequent damage of the reinforced concrete structures is debonding between steel bar and concrete cover. In the case of debonding occurrence not only the strength of the structure decreases, but also it is more vulnerable to corrosion damages. For this reason fast and effective methods of debonding detection in an early stage of its development need a significant boost. The paper presents analytical and experimental...
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Analysis of ring cracks in ceramic rolling elements using the boundary element method
PublicationCeramic materials have been increasingly used in bearing technology for over a dozen years. This is due to the characteristic properties of ceramic materials such as: high hardness, corrosion resistance, the possibility of use in aggressive chemical environments, as well as due to the lower specific weight compared to steel materials. However, the use of ceramic materials is connected with many limitations. The main disadvantages...
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THE ROLE OF THIN FUNCTIONAL LAYERS IN SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS
PublicationWidespread commercialization of solid oxide fuel cells requires lowering its cost. It is generally accepted that to lower the cost of solid oxide fuel cells it is necessary to use metal alloys as interconnectors and, consequently, lower its operating temperature to slow down interconnectors degradation. As a result the area specific resistance of the cathodes should be lowered to sustain the performance of the cells. In order to...
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Introduction to the RSC Advances themed collection on nano and microscale modifications of biomaterials
PublicationThe dramatically increasing development of novel biomaterials, their manufacturing techniques, and surface modications, as well as their application in in vivo tests and clinical trials, is evident. It is interesting to note in what a relatively short time the well-known long-term implants have become medical standard: titanium dental implants started in 1965, and total hip arthroplasty (not very successful) was rst attempted...
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Experimental and numerical investigations of ultimate strength of imperfect stiffened plates of different slenderness
PublicationThe objective of this study is to analyse the behaviour of compressed stiffened plates of different slenderness using experimental and numerical methods. The presented results are part of a long-term project to investigate the ultimate strength of geometrically imperfect structures subjected to different degradation phenomena, including corrosion degradation and locked cracks. Several specimens were subjected to a uniaxial compressive...
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Mn-Co spinel coatings on Crofer 22 APU by electrophoretic deposition: Up scaling, performance in SOFC stack at 850 °C and compositional modifications
PublicationCeramic coatings for metallic interconnects play a key role in limiting corrosion and chromium evaporation in solid oxide cells. This study presents the upscaling of the electrophoretic deposition (EPD) technique to process Mn-Co spinels on real-dimension Crofer 22 APU interconnects and the test in a SOFC stack. Area specific resistance of long-term test conducted for 5000 h at 850 °C demonstrated that two-steps sintering has a...
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Failure mode prediction for composite structural insulated panels with MgO board facings
PublicationSandwich panels are readily used in civil engineering due to their high strength to weight ratio and the ease and speed of assembly. The idea of a sandwich section is to combine thin and durable facings with a light-weight core and the choice of materials used allows obtaining the desired behaviour. Panels in consideration consist of MgO (magnesium oxide) board facings and expanded polystyrene core and are characterized by immunity...
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Electrodeposited Biocoatings, Their Properties and Fabrication Technologies: A Review
PublicationCoatings deposited under an electric field are applied for the surface modification of biomaterials. This review is aimed to characterize the state-of-art in this area with an emphasis on the advantages and disadvantages of used methods, process determinants, and properties of coatings. Over 170 articles, published mainly during the last ten years, were chosen, and reviewed as the most representative. The most recent developments...
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Organotin Compounds: Environmental Fate and Analytics
PublicationFor more than 50 years, organotin compounds have been used in almost all sectors of industry. As a consequence, specific environmental compartments are affected by the emission of these xenobiotics. The emissions of organotin compounds into the environment from paints used in the shipbuilding industry for ship hull coating, and from the plant protection products are particularly significant.In 2001, the IMO introduced a global...
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THE MODELLING OF ACCUMULATION AND DISSIPATION OF ENERGY IN MECHANICAL DRIVE SYSTEM
PublicationThis paper presents a modelling of accumulation and dissipation energy in simple drive system. The simple drive system is presented by laboratory stand designed for calculate fatigue life of material for bending and rotation tests pieces. The laboratory stand was prepared to diagnosis of fatigue life of material by use energetic methods. This idea was submitted as utility model to Polish Patent Office. This laboratory stand gives...
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Enhanced photoelectrochemical performance of inorganic-organic hybrid consisting of BiVO4 and PEDOT:PSS
PublicationThe PEDOT:PSS (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate)) was electrodeposited on a thin layer of bismuth vanadate (BiVO 4 ) prepared using the pulsed laser deposition technique onto FTO. The inorganic-organic junction was characterized by Raman spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy and sc anning electron microscopy. Chronoamperometry curves, recorded under simulated solar light illumination,...
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Materials Design for the Titanium Scaffold Based Implant
PublicationThe main objective of here presented research is a design the scaffold/porous titanium(Ti) alloy based composite material demonstrating better biocompatibility, longer lifetime andbioactivity behaviour for load-bearing implants. The development of such material is proposed bymaking a number of consecutive tasks. Modelling the mechanical, biomechanical and biologicalbehavior of porous titanium structure and an elaboration of results...
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Materials Design for the Titanium Scaffold Based Implant
PublicationThe main objective of here presented research is a design the scaffold/porous titanium(Ti) alloy based composite material demonstrating better biocompatibility, longer lifetime andbioactivity behaviour for load-bearing implants. The development of such material is proposed bymaking a number of consecutive tasks. Modelling the mechanical, biomechanical and biologicalbehavior of porous titanium structure and an elaboration of results...
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Synthesis of 5-Substituted 1H-Tetrazoles from Nitriles in the Presence of Heterogeneous Catalyst
PublicationTetrazoles are five-membered heterocyclic compounds containing in their rings four nitrogen atoms. They have wide applications as corrosion inhibitors, analytical reagents, high-energy materials and gas generating compositions. Tetrazoles also play important role in coordination chemistry as ligands and in medicinal chemistry as metabolically stable surrogates for carboxylic acids. In recent years, investigation of new method of...
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Impact of low-temperature sintering on the Fe-based amorphous coatings
PublicationBulk metallic glasses (BMGs) have gained a lot of attention in recent years due to their outstanding properties such as high hardness and excellent wear and corrosion resistance. However, they are restricted in industrial applications due to their extreme brittleness. Iron based amorphous coatings from BMGs are the best solution to use them by overcoming the problem of extreme brittleness. The coatings can be sprayed by various...
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Study on surface termination of boron-doped diamond electrodes under anodic polarization in H2SO4 by means of dynamic impedance technique
PublicationAnodic oxidation is a popular way to modify termination bonds at boron doped diamond electrodes altering their electrochemical and physicochemical properties. Our studies, performed with dynamic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy technique, supported with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and ellipsometry analysis prove its utility in continuous on-line monitoring of impedance changes on the electrode surface under polarization...
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The Characteristic of Surface Layers on Austenitic Stainless SteelAfter Glow-discharge Nitriding Process.
PublicationThis paper presents investigation of surface layers. The diffusion layers were produced by using different parameters of reactive atmosphere (N2:H2). The research of the surface layers was performed using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results of energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis are presented. Research reveals the influence of chemical constitution of reactive atmosphere on the...
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Preparation and Characterization of Diamond-like Carbon Coatings for Biomedical Applications—A Review
PublicationDiamond-like carbon (DLC) films are generally used in biomedical applications, mainly because of their tribological and chemical properties that prevent the release of substrate ions, extend the life cycle of the material, and promote cell growth. The unique properties of the coating depend on the ratio of the sp3/sp2 phases, where the sp2 phase provides coatings with a low coefficient of friction and good electrical conductivity,...
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Methods of trend removal in electrochemical noise data – overview
PublicationIn this paper we shall review popular methods of trend removal from electrochemical noise time records. The basic principles of operation of the six most popular methods are explained. The proposed methods are: high - pass filtering, Moving Average Removal, polynomial detrending, wavelet detrending, Empirical Mode Decomposition and Variational Mode Decomposition. Estimation of trend removal quality...
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The effect of macro polymer fibres length and content on the fibre reinforced concrete
PublicationThe paper presents studies of a ready-mix concrete containing polymer fibres of three different lengths: 24, 38 and 54 mm. The performed tests allowed to determine the effect of fibre volume fraction and length on the concrete strength. The basic parameters of concrete mixture (consistency, air content and bulk density) were identified. Fibre reinforced concrete belongs to a group of composite materials. The polymer fibres are...
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In-situ Cu-doped MnCo-spinel coatings for solid oxide cell interconnects processed by electrophoretic deposition
PublicationThe Cu doping of the Mn–Co spinel is obtained “in-situ” by electrophoretic co-deposition of CuO and Mn1.5Co1.5O4 powders and subsequent two-step reactive sintering. Cu-doped Mn1.5Co1.5O4 coatings on Crofer22APU processed by electrophoretic co-deposition method are tested in terms of long term oxidation resistance and area specific resistance tests up to 3600 h. The introduction of Cu in the spinel lead to higher level of densification...
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Properties of Nanohydroxyapatite Coatings Doped with Nanocopper, Obtained by Electrophoretic Deposition on Ti13Zr13Nb Alloy
PublicationNowadays, hydroxyapatite coatings are the most common surface modification of long-term implants. These coatings are characterized by high thickness and poor adhesion to the metallic substrate. The present research is aimed at characterizing the properties of nanohydroxyapatite (nanoHAp) with the addition of copper nanoparticle (nanoCu) coatings deposited on the Ti13Zr13Nb alloy by an electrophoresis process. The deposition of...
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Correlation between partial inhibition of hydrogen evolution using thiourea and catalytic activity of AB5-type hydrogen storage alloy towards borohydride electrooxidation
PublicationDirect borohydride fuel cells (DBFCs) are devices which directly convert the chemical energy stored in the borohydride ion and oxidant into electrical energy as a result of redox reactions. Unfortunately, a significant amount of fuel is lost as a result of the undesirable hydrolysis reaction. The selection of an efficient borohydride hydrolysis inhibitor requires detailed knowledge regarding the interaction mechanism between the...