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Search results for: DESIGN OF THE SHIP'S POWER PLANTS
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Methodology for implementing power plant efficiency standards for power generation: potential emission reduction
PublicationSome methods of generating power such as power generation through coal, natural gas, oil result in inevitable emissions of greenhouse gases. While power generation is necessary due to its increasing demand, it is important for power companies to generate their power in an efcient manner to reduce its efect on the environment. One of the most efective ways of tackling inefciency issues is through the implementation of efciency standard....
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Integrated safety and security analysis of hazardous plants and systems of critical infrastructure
PublicationThis article addresses an integrated safety and security analysis approach of hazardous industrial plants and systems of critical infrastructure. Nowadays due to new hazards that emerge there are opinions among experts that these issues require an integrated approach in life cycle, from the design concept, through the design and operation of the plant, to its decommissioning. It is proposed to start from an interesting methodology...
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Application of MARKAL model to optimisation of electricity generation structure in Poland in the long-term time horizon. Part II. Model and forecasts assumptions
PublicationIn this paper, the next in a series of publications on the subject, assumptions are presented of a power system development model in terms of electricity generation technology infrastructure in Poland, in the long term perspective until 2060. The model is based on the mathematical structure of the MARKAL optimization package. Among other things developed are a forecast of the final demand for electricity and heat, the current...
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Design analysis of ORC micro-turbines making use of thermal energy of oceans
PublicationThe article presents the results of the analysis of energy conversion cycles making use of thermal energy of oceans. The objects of analysis were two cases of closed Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) power plants, which were: the cycle in which the vapour of the working medium was produced by warm oceanic water in the circum-equatorial zone, and the so-called “arctic” cycle in which this vapour was produced by non-frozen water in the circumpolar...
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PROJEKTOWANIE STANOWISK LABORATORYJNYCH WSPIERAJĄCYCH PROCES SZKOLENIA PRAKTYCZNEGO KADR MORSKICH DZIAŁU MASZYNOWEGO W ŻEGLUDZE MIĘDZYNARODOWEJ, PRZYBRZEŻNEJ I KRAJOWEJ
PublicationWithin the article a design offer of the Department of Ship and Power Plants of the Faculty of Ocean Engineering And Ship Technology at the Gdansk University of Technology has been presented. The offer concerns designing laboratory stations which might stand for the equipment of a didactic base of maritime educational centers i.e. maritime (naval) academies and schools as well as maritime affairs' professional training centers,...
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Tesla Friction-Type Micro Turbine For Small-Scale Cogeneration
PublicationTesla turbine is rarely used in professional power installations due to its specific work characteristics and relatively low internal efficiency. However, it has some potential to be applied in micro-power plants operating in distributed co-generation systems, also working in an organic Rankine cycle. This paper presents results from numerical calculations of flow in three models of Tesla disk turbines assuming nitrogen as a working...
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Two-phase optimizing approach to design assessments of long distance heat transportation for CHP systems
PublicationCogeneration or Combined Heat and Power (CHP) for power plants is a method of putting to use waste heat which would be otherwise released to the environment. This allows the increase in thermodynamic efficiency of the plant and can be a source of environmental friendly heat for District Heating (DH). In the paper CHP for Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) is analyzed with the focus on heat transportation. A method for effectivity and feasibility...
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Pipeline System for Heat Transportation from Nuclear Power Plant – an Optimizing Approach
PublicationOver the last few years heat piping insulation technology and pump systems efficiency have been significantly improved. Reduced thermal losses encourage heat transportation over long distances. It provides an opportunity for increasing thermodynamic efficiency of Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) that are often located in rural areas because of safety issues. It can be achieved by Combined Heat and Power (CHP) generation, as heat produced...
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Directions of Energy Transition of Uzbekistan
PublicationThe aim of the paper is to present the changes in the Uzbekistan energy market over the past few years. Uzbekistan is self-sufficient in terms of energy resources, the exploitation of which will last for many years. In 2019, the government adopted the "Concept Note ensuring electricity supply in Uzbekistan in 2020-2030" strategy, which announced the modernization of gas and coal power plants and the construction of new energy facilities,...
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Situational Awareness Network for the Electric Power System: the Architecture and Testing Metrics
PublicationThe contemporary electric power system is highly dependent on Information and Communication Technologies which results in its exposure to new types of threats, such as Advanced Persistent Threats (APT) or Distributed-Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attacks. The most exposed components are Industrial Control Systems in substations and Distributed Control Systems in power plants. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure the cyber security of...
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An Impact of Environmental Disturbances on Combined Cycle Power Plant Control
PublicationCombined cycle power plants operate at thermal efficiency approaching 60 percent. In the same time their performance presents several problems that have to be addressed. E.g. gas turbines are very sensitive to backpressure exerted on them by the heat recovery steam generators as well as to ambient pressure and temperature.
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Nuclear power plant as a source of electrical energy and heat
PublicationIn this paper certain issues concerning usage of nuclear power plants as sources of not only electric power but also thermal energy will be discussed. For such a solution appeals most of all the need to limit harmful emissions of gases (including CO2) and ashes, which come from the process of burning fossil fuels, as well as the raising demand for network heat and chill. Additionally combined heat and power production brings measurable...
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Thermodynamic analysis of the Compressed Air Energy Storage system coupled with the Underground Thermal Energy Storage
PublicationImprovement of flexibility is one of the key challenges for the transformation of the Polish Power System aiming at a high share of renewable energy in electricity generation. Flexible and dispatchable power plants will contribute to this ongoing transformation process as they compensate for fluctuations in electricity generation from renewable energy sources such as wind and photovoltaics. In this context, CAES storage tanks are...
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Evolution of the HVDC Link Connecting Offshore Wind Farms to Onshore Power Systems
PublicationThis paper presents an overview of the DC link development and evolution dedicated to HVDC structure for connecting offshore wind power plants to onshore power systems. The growing demand for the green energy has forced investors in power industry to look for resources further out at sea. Hence, the development of power electronics and industrial engineering has enabled offshore wind farms to be situated further from the shore...
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Organic Supercritical Thermodynamic Cycles with Isothermal Turbine
PublicationOrganic Rankine cycles (ORC) are quite popular, but the overall efficiencies of these plants are rather very low. Numerous studies have been conducted in many scientific centers and research centers to improve the efficiency of such cycles. The research concerns both the modification of the cycle and the increase in the parameters of the medium at the inlet to the turbine. However, the efficiency of even these modified cycles rarely...
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Efficiency of Biomass Energy used for Heating Purposes in a Residential Building in Comparison with other Energy Sources
PublicationThis paper discusses the results of analyses investigating the energy efficiency of biomass in comparison with other popular energy carriers used for heating, ventilation and water heating in residential buildings. The compared energy sources were lignite, natural gas, heating oil and electricity produced by conventional and integrated power generation plants. The most efficient variant relying on biomass and the least efficient...
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Energy neutrality versus carbon footprint minimization in municipal wastewater treatment plants
PublicationThis work aimed to compare the carbon footprint (CF) of six full-scale wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The CF was estimated in the range of 23–100 kg CO2e per population equivalent. In the total CF, the direct emissions held the highest share (62–74%) for the plants with energy recovery from biogas. In the plants depending entirely on the power grid, the indirect emissions due to energy consumption dominated the total CF (69–72%)....
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Nuclear Co-generation: The Analysis of Technical Capabilities and Cost Estimates
PublicationThis paper presents a concept of the parallel connection of a nuclear power plant fitted to provide heat for district heating application, with the CHP and heat plants existing in the supply region, in this case with the heating systems of Wejherowo and Gdynia. Presented variant proposes to add heat to a nuclear power plant’s total output by supplying heat exchangers with the steam from bleeders of low pressure (LP) turbine stage...
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Modelling long-term technological transition of Polish power system using MARKAL: Emission trade impact
PublicationThe need for technological transition of electricity production becomes a global problem. However, in coal-dominated Polish power system this need is even more crucial than anywhere, since technical lifetime of the most domestic power plants is ending. In this paper, the impact of the EU Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS) for CO2 combined with sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emission trading mechanism on power technology...
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Modelling Long‐Term Transition from Coal‐Reliant to Low‐Emission Power Grid and District Heating Systems in Poland
PublicationEnergy systems require technological changes towards climate neutrality. In Poland, where the power system is dominated by outdated coal-fired power plants, efforts to minimize the environmental impact are associated with high costs. Therefore, optimal paths for the development of the energy sector should be sought in order to achieve ambitious long-term strategic goals, while minimizing the negative impact on the consumers’ home...
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Revisiting Toroidal Dipolar Moment in Planar Metamaterial
PublicationThis article revisits the electric, magnetic, and toroidal dipolar moments in the metamaterial structure and presents the flatland design for generating a toroidal dipolar response for the electromagnetic plane wave at normal incidence. Based on the numerical analysis of the surface current, the electric field, the magnetic field, and the quantitative analysis of scattered power supported by the electromagnetic multipole theory,...
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Fault-tolerant performance of the novel five-phase doubly-fed induction generator
PublicationThe article presents the concept of a new design of a multi-phase doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG). The innovative design approach uses a five-phase power supply from the rotor side of the generator with a three-phase classic stator power supply. Modern three-phase doubly-fed induction generators are the dominant choice for Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECS). Solutions of this type are sensitive to the loss of at least...
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Security Information Sharing for the Polish Power System
PublicationThe Polish Power System is becoming increasingly more dependent on Information and Communication Technologies which results in its exposure to cyberattacks, including the evolved and highly sophisticated threats such as Advanced Persistent Threats or Distributed Denial of Service attacks. The most exposed components are SCADA systems in substations and Distributed Control Systems in power plants. When addressing this situation...
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Experimental investigations and simulations of the microturbine unit with permanent magnet generator
PublicationIn dispersed power generation, low power devices are used for local combined generating of heat end electric power. There are developing concepts of micropower plants with electric generators driven by steam or gas microturbines. The paper presents the results of an experimental investigations of the microturbine set consists of the turbine with partial admission, permanent magnet generator and three phase AC-to-DC rectifier. The...
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Centralized and Distributed Structures of Intelligent Systems for Aided Design of Ship Automation
PublicationA design process and accepted solutions made during this process, often base on non-formalized knowledge, obtained from designer (expert) intuition and practice. There are no formalized rules assuring the correctness of design solutions. The analysis of design process of ship automation, including ship power system, shows that this process can be supported by application of the artificial intelligence elements. The article presents...
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Selected Technical Requirements for Photovoltaic Plant Interconnection with a Medium Voltage Grid
PublicationThe article discusses some selected technical requirements, which according to these authors should be recognised and met by photovoltaic power plants connected to national distribution grids in the context of their likely development. This development today is limited, since Polish legislation has not implemented the relevant EU Directive [8]. The study points out the purposefulness of incorporating the necessary requirements...
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Organic Rankine cycle as bottoming cycle to a combined Brayton and Clausius - Rankine cycle
PublicationA preliminary evaluation has been made of a possibility of bottoming of a conventional Brayton cycle cooperating with the CHP power plant with the organic Rankine cycle installation. Such solution contributes to the possibility of annual operation of that power plant, except of operation only in periods when there is a demand for the heat. Additional benefit would be the fact that an optimized backpressure steam cycle has the advantage...
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Hydropower potential of the lower Vistula
PublicationThis paper presents an estimate analysis of the hydropower potential of the lower Vistula River from Warsaw to Gdańsk Bay. The calculations were made for a hydraulic model of the lower Vistula which takes into account potential development of barrages in a cascade system. Results obtained from the model simulations and from hydrological calculations were used to estimate the power of hydropower plants and the average annual energy...
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SiC-Based Power Electronic Traction Transformer (PETT) for 3 kV DC Rail Traction
PublicationThe design of rolling stock plays a key role in the attractiveness of the rail transport. Train design must strictly meet the requirements of rail operators to ensure high quality and cost-eective services. Semiconductor power devices made from silicon carbide (SiC) have reached a level of technology enabling their widespread use in traction power converters. SiC transistors oering energy savings, quieter operation, improved reliability...
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The Application of a Multi-Criteria Decision-Making for Indication of Directions of the Development of Renewable Energy Sources in the Context of Energy Policy
PublicationThis paper presents the application of multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) for evaluating what technologies using renewable energy sources (RES) for electricity production have the chance to develop in Poland under the current socio-economic conditions. First, the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method was used to determine the weights of the optimization criteria. Five main criteria and 30 sub-criteria were identified. Next,...
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Handlowo-techniczne bilansowanie energii w obszarach sieci dystrybucyjnej
PublicationW artykule omówiono problemy wywołane przez rosnący udział generacji rozproszonej we współczesnych systemach elektroenergetycznych. Przedstawiono nową koncepcję rozwiązywania zagadnienia bilansowania mocy czynnej w obszarach sieci dystrybucyjnych, opartą o wykorzystanie nowych struktur organizacyjnych takich jak: klastry energii, wydzielone systemy dystrybucyjne, spółdzielnie energetyczne, wirtualne elektrownie i grupy bilansujące.
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A novel degree-hour method for rational design loading
PublicationCooling degree-hours (CDH) received the broadest application in evaluation of the ambient air cooling efficiency in power engineering (engine intake air cooling systems) and air conditioning. The current CDH numbers are defined as a drop in air temperature multiplied by associated time duration of performance and their summarized annual number is used to estimate the annual effect achieved due to sucked air cooling in power plants...
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Feasibility of combined diesel engine - steam turbine in power station operating in the maritime
PublicationCompression-ignition engines used in ship technology as main propulsion engines are large units reaching even to 50-60 MW. Currently, the efficiency of such engines amounts to 45-50%. With such a large power unit, exhaust gases leaving the engine contain very large quantities of heat available for further treatment. Exhaust gases from the piston engine contain about 25% of the heat supplied to the engine in the fuel. Using the...
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Winding function approach based design of novel five-phase brushless doubly fed induction generator
PublicationThe paper presents the concept of the new design of the five-phase brushless doubly fed induction generator. The generator is dedicated to the modern wind turbine. The innovative design approach uses a five-phase power supply from the stator control winding side of the generator with a stator three-phase classic power winding. The research results presented indicate that the electromagnetic coupling between the control and power...
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Power Hardware-in-the-Loop Approach In Power System Development
PublicationThe main objective of the research is the verification of the Power Hardware-In-The-Loop (PHIL) approach in power system analysis and design. The premise of the article is that using PHIL approach the performance of the power system in steady and transient state conditions can be analysed in real power system conditions. Models of induction machine were developed and real time simulations were performed. Simulation variables were...
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Comparative study of a combined heat and power plant retrofitted by CO2 capture during the combustion of syngas from sewage sludge gasification versus zero-emission combustion of hydrogen produced using renewables
PublicationWith ecological requirements aimed at limiting the production of CO2, it is necessary to produce all, or most of the energy from RES. During the transformation process, ecological and highly efficient combustion power plants will be needed. The classic cycle of combined heat and power (CCGT) with green improvements will continue to be one of the most suitable technologies for this task. This article presents the modernization of...
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DESIGN AND EXECUTION ERRORS AS A CAUSE OF DAMAGE TO ANTI- ELECTROSTATIC FLOORING
PublicationApart from technological lines, industrial floors are a key element in the scope of maintaining the continuity of work of both production plants and logistics centers. The constantly developing industry of industrial flooring includes both classic design and technological flooring solutions, as well as specialist solutions used in facilities where technological processes or storage require system protection against static electricity....
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Profitability criteria of partial cogeneration in nuclear power plant.
PublicationIn this paper, profitability criteria and calculation methodology of profitability conditions for partial cogeneration in nuclear power plant (NPP) was presented. Considered NPP supplies electricity to consumers through public power system, whereas heat is expected to be supplied to consumption regions via long-distance heat transport line. First proposed profitability criterion was total annual costs of electricity and heat delivered...
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Comparative study of a bottoming SRC and ORC for Joule–Brayton cycle cooling modular HTR exergy losses, fluid-flow machinery main dimensions, and partial loads
PublicationEnergy conversion efficiency increase in power plants with high-temperature gas-cooled reactors via implementation of the bottoming cycle was investigated under nominal and minimal thermal load of a high-temperature reactor (HTR). Heat transfer surface area and turbine outlet volumetric flow rate in bottoming cycles was also investigated. Water and two low-boiling point working fluids (ammonia and ethanol) were analyzed. Analyzed...
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Power Surge Compensator based on a Four Level Diode Clamped Inverter for ship application. Average model
PublicationPaper presents continuous average value model of Power Surge Compensator based on a Four Level Diode Clamped Inverter with super capacitor as a energy storage device. This conditioner is design for power surge or fluctuation elimination, by compensating it with energy stored in ESD. Continuous average value model of multilevel S-PWM has been presented also. Summary of raised problem is a simulation model made in PowerSim Psim 8...
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NUMERYCZNY MODEL OBLICZENIOWY OBIEGU TURBINY KLASY 300 MW
PublicationNiniejszy artykuł stanowi opis modelu obiegu cieplnego turbiny o mocy 360MW, utworzonego w preprocesorze numerycznego programu obliczeniowego onazwie DIAGAR. Zadaniem opisywanego modelu jest odtwarzanie zjawisk fizycznych zachodzących w poszczególnych urządzeniach składowych obiegu, zarówno podczas poprawnej (sprawnej) pracy bloku energetycznego, jak i w przypadku pojawienia się niesprawności. Utworzony...
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Cognitive engineering and functional safety technology for reducing risks in hazardous plants
PublicationCognitive engineering is considered nowadays as interesting multidisciplinary domain that focuses on improving the relations between humans and the systems that are supervised and operated. The industrial automation and control systems (IACS) in hazardous plants are increasingly computerized and perform various safety functions. These are designed and implemented according to the functional safety concept. The objective is to maintain...
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Nowoczesne metody termochemicznej konwersji biomasy w paliwa gazowe, ciekłe i stałe = Modern methods of thermochemical biomass conversion into gas, liquid and solid fuels
PublicationBiomass utilization through direct- or co-combustion with coal, based on coal, hydrogen and oxygen compounds chemical energy conversion into heat in boilers, is simultaneously the cheapest and - according to experts - economically least effective solution. In case of heat and electricity production in cogeneration process in biomass fueled heat and power stations (wood, straw, energetic plants, RDF etc), investment costs are little...
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Control of a vapour microturbine set in cogeneration applications
PublicationSystems with microturbines are implemented for local generation of heat and electricity. This paper presents the analysis of control concepts for a vapour microturbine set with a generator with permanent magnets, intended to work in small heat and power plants. Control system variants differed by the selection of controlled signals and set parameters. Possible ways of control were discussed and compared with experimentally determined...
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A concept of zero-dimensional and three-dimensional thermodynamic modelling of steam storage in a steam cycle
PublicationThis work presents the thermodynamic model of steam storage in a steam cycle. The innovative steam storage is an integral part of the unit and thus responds quickly to changes in load. This enhances the primary control reserve while maintaining high efficiency of energy conversion. With regard to power plants, it improves the operational safety of generation units, as it prevents boiler and turbines overload in the case of steep...
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Organizational culture as prerequisite of proactive safety and security management in critical infrastructure systems including hazardous plants and ports
PublicationThis article addresses selected aspects of organizational culture to be considered in the context of knowledge based proactive safety and security management of plants, ports and systems of critical infrastructure. It has been often emphasized in the domain literature that business effectiveness of such plants and their resilience against hazards and threats to avoid major accidents depends substantially on human and organizational...
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Delivery of Ancillary Services in Distribution Power Systems
PublicationOne of the technical and organizational challenges the power system faces in deregulated market conditions is to organize an ancillary services market. The growing share of distributed generation of variable (intermittent) energy sources and a change in the market position of consumers, causes the demand for distributed delivery of ancillary services. For this purpose, it is sought to use the ability of the regulatory measures:...
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Approach to security assessment of critical infrastructures' information systems
PublicationThis study presents an approach to the security assessment of the information systems of critical infrastructures. The approach is based on the faithful reconstruction of the evaluated information system in a computer security laboratory followed by simulations of possible threats against the system. The evidence collected during the experiments, stored and organised using a proprietary system InSAW, may later be used for the creation...
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Application of microturbines in CHP systems with reciprocating engines
PublicationThe analysis was carried out for Combined Heat and Power generation systems with micro-turbines power plants working on heat rejected from the reciprocating engine. The calculations were performed for GE Jerbacher engines of J320 GS- C05, J320 GS- C25 and J416 GS- B05 types. We considered different working media (both wet and dry fluids): water, ammonia, ethanol, methanol, methylacetylene (propyne), dimethyloether, sulphur dioxide,...
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Power equalization of AES FPGA implementation
PublicationThis paper briefly introduces side channel attacks on cryptographic hardware with special emphasis on differential power analysis(DPA). Based on existing countermeasures against DPA, design method combining power equalization for synchronous and combinatorialcircuits has been proposed. AES algorithm has been implemented in Xilinx Spartan II-E field programmable gate array (FPGA) deviceusing the standard and power-equalized methods....