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Search results for: PHOTOVOLTAIC CDTE MODULES
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Effect of glycolysate obtained from polyurethane wastes on mechanical properties of rubber materials
PublicationThe paper presents the possibility of utilization of wastes from polyurethane foams. In this work the results of mechanical investigations of materials obtained from natural rubber mixtures with a mixture of glycolysate and biodiesel glycerine as a plasticizer are described. The measurements of mechanical properties showed rather good tensile strength, elongation at break and modules of extensions M100%, M200%, M300% of obtained...
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The influence of the thickness, recombination and space charge on the loss of photocurrent in organic semiconductors: an analytical model
PublicationWe propose an analytical model of the photocurrent efficiency dependence on the light intensity in organic semiconductors. The influence of the thickness of sample, space charge effects and recombination of charge on the loss of photocurrent has been considered. We demonstrate that the presented model is the enhancement of an analytical model reported recently by Rappaport et al (2005 J. Appl. Phys. 98 033714). The method to identify...
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High order of nongeminate recombination in organic bulk heterojunction solar cells
PublicationWe analyze high order of nongeminate recombination in organic donor–acceptor bulk heterojunction solar cells. The model of recombination where an exciton annihilates on an electron–hole Langevin bound pair near donor–acceptor interface has been applied in our studies. We obtained satisfactory agreement between experimental results and theoretical calculations for the concentration dependences of several parameters characterizing...
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A simple model of the trap-assisted recombination with the excitonic Auger mechanism
PublicationWe present a simple model of the trap-assisted recombination combined with the excitonic Auger mechanism. It has been shown that only six independent transitions of electrons and holes should be taken into account to describe a combination of the Shockley–Read–Hall (SRH) recombination with this excitonic process. This is in opposition to a well-known model of the SRH mechanism with the free carriers Auger effect via deep states,...
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Performance of the PVT solar collector operated with water-Al2O3 nanofluid
PublicationAn experimental investigation of the hybrid module photovoltaic panel -solar collector (PVT) cooled by water-Al2O3 nanofluids has been conducted. The weight fractions of the nanoparticles were 1% and 3%. Thermal efficiency, power efficiency and overall efficiency have been determined for artificial source of light and sunlight. No noticeable effect of the nanoparticle concentration on the overall efficiency of the PVT module has...
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PERFORMANCE OF THE PVT SOLAR COLLECTOR OPERATED WITH WATER –AL2O3 NANOFLUID
PublicationAn experimental investigation of the hybrid module photovoltaic panel -solar collector (PVT) cooled by water-Al2O3 nanofluids has been conducted. The weight fractions of the nanoparticles were 1% and 3%. Thermal efficiency, power efficiency and overall efficiency have been determined for artificial source of light and sunlight. No noticeable effect of the nanoparticle concentration on the overall efficiency of the PVT module has...
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ProSIL Software for functional saferty management in life cycle = Aplikacja ProSIL do zarządzania bezpieczeństwem funkcjonalnym w cyklu życia
PublicationIn the paper the ProSIL software to aid the functional safety management is presented. The software consists of three modules to aid: determination of the required SIL level (ProSILen), veryfication of the SIL level (ProSILver). In the aplication the method of the calibrated risk graph to determine the required safety integrity level SIL for defined safety instrumented functions is applied. The methods concerning functional safety...
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Low harmonic multipulse voltage converters using coupled reactors
PublicationThis paper presents a novel approach to the multi pulse voltage converters (VC), especially voltage source inverters (VSI) and matrix converters (MC) based on several typical identical modules connected in parallel using coupled reactors. Such arrangements resulting in lower voltage distortions at extremely low switching frequency. The proposed arrangement was validated by simulation. Laboratory models of 18- and 24pulse 3-level...
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Scoreboard Architectural Pattern and Integration of Emotion Recognition Results
PublicationThis paper proposes a new design pattern, named Scoreboard , dedicated for applications solving complex, multi-stage, non-deterministic problems. The pattern provides a computational framework for the design and implementation of systems that integrate a large number of diverse specialized modules that may vary in accuracy, solution level, and modality. The Scoreboard is an extension of Blackboard design pattern and comes under...
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Design and implementation of the driver system for Hamamatsu C12880MA microspectrometer
PublicationRecent miniaturization developments in devices for spectroscopy have reduced greatly their costs and increased their availability for a wide range of users and applications. This paper presents the design and implementation of a driver system for a Hamamatsu C12880MA microspectrometer. The system implementation was carried out and compared using two independent microcontroller modules: Arduino Uno and STM32F411RE Nucleo. We assessed...
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Discussing daylight simulations in a proposal for online daylighting education.
PublicationThere is increasing interest concerning daylighting in the building sector. However, such knowledge is difficult to penetrate the curricula of architects and designers as existing educational programmes often do not provide sufficient training on BPS. This also leads to superficial use of daylight simulations. This paper presents a proposal for a needs-based education package on daylighting design, that mixes modular eLearning...
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Techno-economic analysis of a hybrid energy system for electrification using an off-grid solar/biogas/battery system employing HOMER: A case study in Vietnam
PublicationThe electrification of off-grid /island villages is a critical step towards improving the techno-economic circumstances of rural regions and the overall general growth of the country. However, consistent supply from a single source is not possible in these areas. Thus, a hybrid renewable energy system performs better in these conditions. The research challenge now is to identify the optimal combinations of HRES from the available...
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Virtual Keyboard controlled by eye gaze employing speech synthesis
PublicationThe article presents the speech synthesis integrated into the eye gaze tracking system. This approach can significantly improve the quality of life of physically disabled people who are unable to communicate. The virtual keyboard (QWERTY) is an interface which allows for entering the text for the speech synthesizer. First, this article describes a methodology of determining the fixation point on a computer screen. Then it presents...
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Virtual keyboard controlled by eye gaze employing speech synthesis
PublicationThe article presents the speech synthesis integrated into the eye gaze tracking system. This approach can significantly improve the quality of life of physically disabled people who are unable to communicate. The virtual keyboard (QWERTY) is an interface which allows for entering the text for the speech synthesizer. First, this article describes a methodology of determining the fixation point on a computer screen. Then it presents...
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Decentralized control of a different rated parallel UPS systems
PublicationThe paper presents the single phase uninterruptible power supply (UPS) system with galvanic separated DC-AC-DC-AC converters operating in parallel. The CAN physical layer based system of communication between converters has been developed and applied, which allow to utilize a decentralized master-slave control providing high availability factor of the whole UPS system. The control system of particular converters has been developed...
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Research of Emergency Modes of Wind Power Plants Using Computer Simulation
PublicationThe aim of this study is to investigate changes in the wind power plant energy production parameters under the conditions of sudden wind changes and voltage drop. To achieve these goals, a simulation of operation of wind power plants was performed. Twelve wind turbines with variable rotational speed equipped with a Fuhrländer FL 2500/104 asynchronous double-fed induction generator (DFIG) were used, each with an installed capacity...
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Modified sliding mode control for seamless integration of P.V. energy in A.C. grid
PublicationSolar energy is a potentially abundant and reliable source of renewable energy. While it can undoubtedly increase grid reliability and efficiency, the inverted voltage generated from PV. sources may introduce distortion into the AC. grid. The proposed control mechanism, modified sliding mode control (MSMC), can seamlessly integrate the inverter output generated by obtaining DC. voltage from the boost converter linked with the PV....
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The domination of ionic conductivity in tetragonal phase of the organometal halide perovskite CH3NH3PbI3-xClx
PublicationOrganometal trihalide perovskites have recently gained extreme attention due to their high solar energy conversion in photovoltaic cells. Here, we investigate the contribution of iodide ions to a total conductivity of the mixed lead halide perovskite CH3NH3PbI3−xClx with a use of the modified DC Hebb–Wagner polarization method. It has been identified that an ionic conductivity dominates in tetragonal phase which is associated with room...
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A measurement system for children endurance tests
PublicationThere are a lot of ethical problems concerning the use of invasive methods for the measurement of a child's body response to physical exercise and physical training. The alternative is are non-invasive methods like ergospirometry or NIRS. The article presents a measurement system dedicated for children endurance tests, composed of a few non-invasive measurement modules, including a temperature measurement module. Temperature is...
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Exploring the interfacial effects at the ETL/perovskite boundary in the semitransparent perovskite solar cells
PublicationThe recent focus has been made on the perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with an inverted configuration, where substantial improvements have been already achieved. However, the p–i–n structure needs a buffer layer for most of the configurations to modify the work-function of a deposited electrode. Additionally and very importantly, such a layer can also serve as a protective film that improves a stability of solar cells. Here, we study...
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Design and experimental validation of a single-stage PV string inverter with optimal number of interleaved buck-boost cells.
PublicationIncreasing converter power density is a problem of topical interest. This paper discusses an interleaved approach of the efficiency increase in the buck-boost stage of an inverter with unfolding circuit in terms of losses in semiconductors, output voltage ripples and power density. Main trends in the power converter development are reviewed. A losses model was designed and used for the proposed solution to find an optimal number...
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Radar data fusion in the STRADAR system
PublicationThe main task of the Polish Border Guard is protection of the country’s border which requires utilization of multimedia surveillance systems automatically gathering, processing and sharing various data. The paper presents such a system developed for the Maritime Division of the Polish Border Guard within the STRADAR project and the problem of fusion of radar data in this system. The system, apart from providing communication means,...
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Impact of ITS services on the safety and efficiency of road traffic
PublicationThis paper describes the project entitled: “Impact of the use of Intelligent Transport Systems on the level of road safety” (agreement no. DZP/RID-I-41/7/NCBR/2016), implemented as part of the Road Innovations Development (RID) programme, funded by the National Centre for Research and Development and the General Directorate for National Roads and Motorways (GDDKiA). The project is run by a consortium comprising the Motor Transport...
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Quasi-controlled Experimentations on the Impact of AOP on Software Comprehensibility
PublicationAspect-oriented programming (AOP) emerged as a paradigm to modularize the concerns that lead to interwoven code if implemented using traditional programming techniques. Unfortunately, the new constructs introduced by aspect-oriented (AO) languages result in both: (1) obstacles in modular reasoning, and (2) high coupling between aspects and the augmented modules. There have been numerous attempts to tackle these issues, but none...
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System Loss in UWB Off-Body Communications in a Ferry Environment
PublicationIn this paper, the system loss in UWB off-body communications in a ferry environment based on measurements is presented. A mobile measurement set-up, consisting of WBAN nodes with UWB DWM1000 modules, was used. System loss was split into LOS and NLOS conditions. For the former, the smallest mean value, 24.4 dB, was obtained for the user approaching the fixed terminal, with the antenna on his chest, and the largest, 28.1 dB, for...
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Zastosowanie modułu symulacji dynamicznej programu CAD w analizie układu napędowego elektronarzędzia
PublicationW referacie przedstawiono analizę mechanicznego układu przeniesienia napędu elektronarzędzia (wyrzynarki elektrycznej) przy zastosowaniu Modułu Symulacji Dynamicznej (MSD) programu Autodesk Inventor (AI). Opracowano modele 3D poszczególnych części elektronarzędzia i połączono je przy zachowaniu tzw. kinematyki odwrotnej. Przeprowadzono analizę wpływu poszczególnych węzłów kinetycznych na przebieg momentu na wale silnika elektrycznego....
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Wielokryterialna analiza porównawcza lokalizacji źródeł wytwórczych energii elektrycznej
PublicationArtykuł przedstawia ranking lokalizacji czterech źródeł wytwórczych energii elektrycznej: biogazowni rolniczej, biogazowni utylizacyjnej oraz dwóch elektrowni fotowoltaicznych, wykonany przy użyciu połączonych metod Analitycznego Procesu Hierarchicznego (AHP) oraz taksonomii numerycznej. Omówiono zalety połączenia metod, przedstawiono przykład zastosowania oraz wskazano kryteria o największym i najmniejszym wpływie na realizację...
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Multiple Cues-Based Robust Visual Object Tracking Method
PublicationVisual object tracking is still considered a challenging task in computer vision research society. The object of interest undergoes significant appearance changes because of illumination variation, deformation, motion blur, background clutter, and occlusion. Kernelized correlation filter- (KCF) based tracking schemes have shown good performance in recent years. The accuracy and robustness of these trackers can be further enhanced...
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Tripping of F-type RCDs for sinusoidal residual current with superimposed smooth DC component
PublicationRecent trends in green energy development make that photovoltaics and electric vehicles are applied on an increasing scale. In both photovoltaic and electric vehicle charging installations, a significant value of DC component of the earth fault current may appear, which is a challenge, in particular, for commonly used residual current devices (RCDs). This paper presents results of the laboratory test on the operation of F-type...
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Magnetic field effects in dye-sensitized solar cells controlled by different cell architecture
PublicationThe charge recombination and exciton dissociation are generally recognized as the basic electronic processes limiting the efficiency of photovoltaic devices. In this work, we propose a detailed mechanism of photocurrent generation in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) examined by magnetic field effect (MFE) technique. Here we demonstrate that the magnitude of the MFE on photocurrent in DSSCs can be controlled by the radius and...
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A framework for automatic detection of abandoned luggage in airport terminal
PublicationA framework for automatic detection of events in a video stream transmitted from a monitoring system is presented. The framework is based on the widely used background subtraction and object tracking algorithms. The authors elaborated an algorithm for detection of left and removed objects based on mor-phological processing and edge detection. The event detection algorithm collects and analyzes data of all the moving objects in...
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Knowledge-based functional safety management using ProSIL software
PublicationIn the article the ProSIL software for computer aided functional safety management is presented. The software consists of three modules for the determination of the required SIL level (ProSILen) and verification of the SIL level (ProSILver). In the ProSIL the calibrated knowledge-based risk graph method for determining the required safety integrity level (SIL) of the safety functions identified in hazard analysis is implemented....
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Voltage and Current Unbalance Reduction in Power Networks with Distributed Generation and Electric Vehicles
PublicationThe current development of prosumer microsources and the expected spread of electric vehicles may cause the appearance of significant current and voltage unbalance in low-voltage (LV) networks. This unbalance, which is an unfavorable phenomenon, may occur when using single-phase photovoltaic (PV) microsources and single-phase home chargers for electric vehicles. This paper presents a proposal for the symmetrization of the LV network...
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Higher harmonics of the intensity modulated Photocurrent/Photovoltage spectroscopy response - a tool for studying photoelectrochemical nonlinearities
PublicationIn this work, a higher harmonic analysis (HHA) of the intensity modulated photocurrent/photovoltage (IMPS/IMVS) spectroscopy data is proposed as a potent tool for studying nonlinear phenomena in photoelectrochemical and photovoltaic systems. Analytical solutions of kinetic equations were constructed for cases of single and double resonance accounting for various sources of higher harmonics. These sources correspond to the physical...
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Voltage profiles improvement in a power network with PV energy sources – results of a voltage regulator implementation
PublicationThe constant increase in the number of photovoltaic (PV) energy sources in distribution networks is the cause of serious voltage problems. The networks built at least a dozen years ago are not provided for the installation of a large number of micro-sources. It happens that the previously properly functioning power networks are not able to provide to consumers power with the required parameters, after installing many PV sources....
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π-Conjugated Donor-acceptor Polyelectrolytes: Toward Artificial Photosynthesis
PublicationGreat advances have been made in the development of conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs), which provide tunable properties including water solubility and processability, main-chain exciton and charge transport, variable energy light absorption and fluorescence, non-covalent interactions, and formation of tertiary structures via self-assembly.[1] These characteristics allow CPEs to be considered for use in various optoelectronic applications,...
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Layered background modeling for automatic detection of unattended objects in camera images
PublicationAn algorithm for automatic detection of unattended objects in video camera images is presented. First, background subtraction is performed, using an approach based on the codebook method. Results of the detection are then processed by assigning the background pixels to time slots, based on the codeword age. Using this data, moving objects detected during a chosen period may be extracted from the background model. The proposed approach...
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THE ONLINE APPLICATION AND E-LEARNING IN THE COMPETENCE-BASED MANAGEMENT IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION ORGANIZATIONS
PublicationThe integration of effective management of work-related processes and utilization of human resources potential leads to the development of organization. The purpose of this paper was to examine how the principles of competences-based management can be introduced to enhance organization’s effectiveness in human resources management. A model of assessment and development of competences-based management, embracing an online application...
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Simple and low-cost wireless voting system
PublicationThis paper presents the concept of a simple and low-cost wireless voting system working on the 868 MHz frequency band. Described system is dedicated to general shareholders assemblies but it can be easily adapted for other applications. The main advantage is its simplicity and mobility as it consists solely of three components - voting modules, base station and a PC application from which the whole system is managed. This architecture...
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Simple and low-cost wireless voting system
PublicationThis paper presents the concept of a simple and low-cost wireless voting system working in the 868 MHz frequency band. The described system is dedicated to general shareholders assemblies but it can be easily adapted for other applications. The main advantage is its simplicity and mobility as it consists solely of three components - voting modules, a base station and a PC application from which the whole system is mamaged. This...
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Structural optimization of microjet array cooling system
PublicationThe single phase heat transfer from an upward facing, horizontal copper surface to arrays of impinging water jets was experimentally investigated. Experimental configuration allows for a free-surface unconfined jets flow. Square nozzles 50 × 100 μm arranged in four different geometries were used. Additionally, for the set of two jets array geometry was varied by adjusting the nozzle to nozzle distance. The area averaged heat transfer...
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Ocena warunków nasłonecznienia i projektowanie elektrowni słonecznych z wykorzystaniem dedykowanego oprogramowania oraz baz danych
PublicationPrzytoczono typowe dla obszaru Polski wartości nasłonecznienia. Zaprezentowano sposoby dokładniejszego określenia wartości nasłonecznienia w oparciu o bazy danych o nasłonecznieniu i aplikacje komputerowe. Narzędzia te pozwalają w pełniejszy sposób uwzględnić kąt nachylenia i azymut modułów fotowoltaicznych, linię horyzontu i zacienienie oraz zmienność nasłonecznienia w ciągu roku na podstawie statystycznych wartości nasłonecznia...
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Efficient FPGA Implementation of an RFIR Filter Using the APC–OMS Technique with WTM for High-Throughput Signal Processing
PublicationNowadays, Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filters are used to change the attributes of a signal in the time or frequency domain. Among FIR filters, a reconfigurable filter has the advantage of changing the coefficient in real-time, while performing the operation. In this paper, the Anti-Symmetric Product Coding (APC) and Odd Multiple Storage (OMS) modules are utilized to implement the reconfigurable FIR filter (RFIR–APC–OMS). Herein,...
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Koncepcja, modelowanie i symulacja układu napędowego prototypu samochodu elektrycznego "ELV001"
PublicationAbstract: In this paper a conception, modelling and simulation tool for drive system of the prototype electric vehicle ''ELV001'' have been presented. The design and building of this vehicle have been carried out in frame of the project: ''Building a market of electric vehicle and charging infrastructure - fundamentals of energy safety''. The simulation tools are of great assistance to engineers and researchers to reduce product-development...
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Acoustic Processor of the Mine Countermeasure Sonar
PublicationThis paper presents the concept of an acoustic processor of the mine countermeasure sonar. Developed at the Department of Marine Electronics Systems, Gdansk University of Technology, the acoustic processor is an element of the MG-89, an underwater acoustic station. The focus of the article is on the modules of the processor. They are responsible for sampling analogue signals and implementing the algorithms controlling the measurement...
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Mobile navigation system for visually impaired users in the urban environment
PublicationThis paper describes the prototype version of a mobile application supporting independent movement of theblind. Its objective is to improve the quality of life of visually impaired people, providing them with navigationalassistance in urban areas. The authors present the most important modules of the application. The module forprecise positioning using DGPS data from the ASG-EUPOS network as well as enhancements of positioning...
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The study of Arduino Uno feasibility for DAQ purposes
PublicationUsing microcontroller systems becomes a routine in various measurement and control tasks. Their wide availability together with a huge potential of extending their functionality by additional modules allows developing advanced measuring and monitoring systems by non-specialists. However, using popular example codes often leads the user to pass over or not to be aware of the limitations of the system and drawing too far-reaching...
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STRUCTURE AND ALGORITHMS OF A DIAGNOSTIC DEVICE IN A WHEELED TRACTOR
PublicationDiagnostic device monitors the tractor’s technical condition and identifies the location of damaged components during operation. The diagnostic device detects and identifies the following types of defects: functional defects (uf) which affect performance, exhaust defects (ue) which increase toxic emissions and fuel consumption, defects that jeopardize driving safety (us), defects that affect engine performance (ud). The key component...
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Scrutiny of power grids by penetrating PV energy in wind farms: a case study of the wind corridor of Jhampir, Pakistan
PublicationThis study examines the problems caused by intermittent renewable energy sources, especially wind farms, and suggests a different solar energy penetration strategy to improve their loading capacity. The study uses real-time data from a wind farm in Jhampir, Pakistan, to analyse and assess various aspects of grid stations connected to wind farms. Electrical Transient Analyzer Program is used to validate the results by linking these...
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Estimation of the Maximum Permissible PV Power to be Connected to the MV Grid
PublicationIn recent decades, a significant increase in the share of renewable energy sources in power grids at various voltage levels has been observed. A number of articles have been published highlighting emerging problems in low-voltage grids with a large share of prosumers and in medium- and high-voltage grids to which photovoltaic (PV) plants are connected. The article analyzes the medium-voltage grid in terms of the possibility of...