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Search results for: methane fermentation
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Pipelined division of signed numbers with the use of residue arithmetic for small number range with the programmable gate array
PublicationIn this work an architecture of the pipelined signed residue divider for the small number range is presented. Its operation is based on reciprocal calculation and multiplication by the dividend. The divisor in the signed binary form is used to compute the approximated reciprocal in the residue form by the table look-up. In order to limit the look-up table address an algorithm based on segmentation of the divisor into two segments...
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SPEKTROSKOPOWE BADANIA WYŁADOWANIA MIKROFALOWEGO W ŹRÓDLE PLAZMY TYPU KOMORA REZONANSOWA ZASILANA FALOWODOWO
PublicationW pracy przedstawiono wyniki spektroskopowych badań wyładowania mikrofalowego (2,45 GHz) pod ciśnieniem atmosferycznym, generowanego w źródle plazmy typu komora rezonansowa. Gazami roboczymi były: argon, azot oraz metan, a także mieszaniny argon/metan oraz azot/metan. Natężenie przepływu gazu roboczego zmieniano w zakresie od 50 do 100 l/min, natomiast moc mikrofal absorbowanych przez wyładowanie wynosiła od 300 do 4000 W. Zmierzone...
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Three-dimensional modeling and automatic analysis of the human nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses using the computational fluid dynamics method
PublicationPurpose The goal of this study was to develop a complete workflow allowing for conducting computational fluid dynam- ics (CFD) simulation of airflow through the upper airways based on computed tomography (CT) and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) studies of individual adult patients. Methods This study is based on CT images of 16 patients. Image processing and model generation of the human nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses...
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Some problems with operation of engines fueled with landfill biogas
PublicationW referacie przedstawiono wybrane problemy związane z eksploatacją tłokowych silników spalinowych zasilanych biogazem pozyskiwanym z wysypiska śmieci. Biogaz wysypiskowy charakteryzuje się znaczną zmiennością zawartości metanu, co ma istostny wpływ na pracę silników zasilanych tym paliwem. W referacie przedstawiono wyniki badań przeprowadzonych na wysypisku śmieci, w wyniku których zaprezentowano zrówno wielkość zmian zawartości...
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Identification of Emotions Based on Human Facial Expressions Using a Color-Space Approach
PublicationHCI technology improves human-computer interaction. Such communication can be carried out with the use of emotions that are visible on the human face since birth. In this paper the Emotion system for detecting and recognizing facial expressions, developed in the MSc work, is presented. The system recognizes emotion from webcam video in real time. It is based on color segmentation and morphological operations. The system uses a...
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The Influence of Calcium Glycerophosphate (GPCa) Modifier on Physicochemical, Mechanical, and Biological Performance of Polyurethanes Applicable as Biomaterials for Bone Tissue Scaffolds Fabrication
PublicationIn this paper we describe the synthesis of poly(ester ether urethane)s (PEEURs) by using selected raw materials to reach a biocompatible polyurethane (PU) for biomedical applications. PEEURs were synthesized by using aliphatic 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), α,ω-dihydroxy(ethylene-butylene adipate) (Polios), 1,4-butanediol (BDO) as a chain extender and calcium glycerolphosphate salt (GPCa) as...
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On the relationship between the structural and volumetric properties of solvated metal ions in O-donor solvents using new structural data in amide solvents
PublicationThe structures of the N,N-dimethylformamide (dmf), N,N-dimethylacetamide (dma), and N,N-dimethylpropionamide (dmp) solvated strontium and barium ions have been determined in solution using large angle X-ray scattering and EXAFS spectroscopy. The strontium ion has a mean coordination number (CN) between 6.2 and 6.8, and the barium ion has a mean CN between 7.1 and 7.8 in these amide solvents. The non-integer numbers indicates that...
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Sustainable bioethanol production from first- and second-generation sugar-based feedstocks: Advanced bibliometric analysis
PublicationBioethanol is produced from carbohydrate-containing feedstocks through fermentation. Based on a bibliometric review of studies published between 2012 and 2021, we analyzed those on sustainable bioethanol production. The Web of Science main collection yielded 1647 publications, which were analyzed using VOSViewer, CiteSpace, and ArcMap software. More than half of these publications originated from some Asian countries, corresponding to...
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Kombucha from alternative raw materials – The review
PublicationNowadays, people's awareness about the role of diet in maintaining well-being and good health has increased. Consumers expect that the products not only provide them with essential nutrients but will also be a source of biologically active substances, which are beneficial to their health. One of the "healthy trends," which has appeared among the consumers worldwide is kombucha, a tea drink with high antioxidant potential, obtained...
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Identification analysis of dynamic changes in the composition of biogas and their impact on the operation of internal combustion engines
PublicationW pracy zamieszczono wyniki badań składu biogazu pozyskiwanego na komunalnym wysypisku śmieci. Pozyskiwany biogaz jest wykorzystywany do zasilania biogazowych zespołów prądotwórczych wyposażonych w silniki o zapłonie iskrowym dostosowanych do zasilania tym paliwem. Pozyskiwany biogaz powstaje w sposób naturalny w procesie beztlenowej fermentacji zachodzącej przez ok. 20 lat, w organicznej części pryzmy odpadów składowanych na wysypisku...
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Modeling of low calorific gas burning in a deficient oxygen environment and high-temperature oxidizer
PublicationThe experimental research will be performed using the experimental facility with a combustion chamber. The oxygen concentration in combustion oxidizers will be varied from 21% by volume (normal) air to 2%. The test combustion chamber will be fed with propane or methane as the reference fuel, then with low calorific fuels as test gases obtained by mixing various combustible components, e.g. H2, CH4, CO, and neutral gases, e.g. N2,...
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Pipelined division of signed numbers with the use of residue arithmetic in FPGA
PublicationAn architecture of a pipelined signed residue divider for small number ranges is presented. The divider makes use of the multiplicative division algorithm where initially the reciprocal of the divisor is calculated and subsequently multiplied by the dividend. The divisor represented in the signed binary form is used to compute the approximated reciprocal in the residue form by the table look-up. In order to reduce the needed length...
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The potential of enhancing denitrification in the activated sludge process with by-products from the alcohol production
PublicationIn this study, by-products from the alcohol production were examined in terms of their potential application as external carbon sources for enhancing denitrification in biological nutrient removal systems. Three kinds of experimental assays were used to compare the effects of the by-products with other external carbon sources (ethanol and acetic acid) and the settled wastewater. Based on the results obtained, it appears that one...
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Precipitation and Transformation of Vaterite Calcium Carbonate in the Presence of Some Organic Solvents
PublicationIn this paper, the production of CaCO3 particles via the carbonation route in the reaction of CaCl2 and CO2, using NH3 as a promoter of CO2 absorption, was studied. The solvents used as the reaction media for CaCO3 precipitation were aqueous solutions of methanol, isopropanol and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), in a concentration range of 0–20% (v/v). It was found that the presence of an organic additive influenced the precipitation...
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Gas Turbine Cycle with External Combustion Chamber for Prosumer and Distributed Energy Systems
PublicationThe use of various biofuels, usually of relatively small Lower Heating Value (LHV), affects the gas turbine efficiency. The present paper shows that applying the proposed air by-pass system of the combustor at the turbine exit causes tan increase of efficiency of the turbine cycle increased by a few points. This solution appears very promising also in combined gas/steam turbine power plants. The comparison of a turbine set operating...
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Akustyczna analiza natężenia ruchu drogowego dla systemów zarządzania ruchem
PublicationW pracy przybliżono wybrane zagadnienia z dziedziny zarządzania transportem drogowym w Polsce i na świecie. W tym kontekście pzredstawiono potrzeby rynkowe, wymagania jak i możliwości w zakresie pozyskiwania informacji o aktualnym stanie sieci drogowych. Zaproponowano akustyczną metodę nadzorowania ruchu drogowego i jej możliwości w kontekście systemów zarządzania ruchem. Przedstawiono schemat akwizycji sygnału wraz z danymi odniesienia....
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Nanotechnologia, chemia i medycyna
PublicationKsiążka przedstawia chemiczne metody otrzymywania nanomateriałów oraz metody ich funkcjonalizacji. Opisano struktury zero, jedno i dwuwymiarowe zbudowane z różnych materiałów (metale, ceramika, związki organiczne, alotropowe odmiany węgla, chalkogenki metali). Podano wybrane przykłady zastosowania nanostruktur w medycynie i naukach pokrewnych.
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Degradation of xylose using a microbial fuel cell
PublicationIt is generally known, that many kind of microorganisms are capable of using carbohydrates as a source of carbon and energy in an environment. The biodegradation process of monosaccharides from pentoses (in this case- racemic mixture of D - and L – xylose) is an immense opportunity for an entire reduction of biological contamination to neutral compounds through MFC. The process is occurred in a single-chamber MFC, which is contained...
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Extractive detoxification of feedstocks for the production of biofuels using new hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents – Experimental and theoretical studies
PublicationThe paper presents a synthesis of novel hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (DESs) composed of natural components, which were used for removal of furfural (FF) and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) from lignocellulosic hydrolysates. The main physicochemical properties of DESs were determined, followed by explanation of the DES formation mechanism, using 1H NMR, 13C NMR and FT-IR analysis and density functional theory (DFT). The most...
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A geophysical, geochemical and microbiological study of a newly discovered pockmark with active gas seepage and submarine groundwater discharge (MET1-BH, central Gulf of Gdańsk, southern Baltic Sea)
PublicationHigh-resolution bathymetric data were collected with a multi-beam echosounder in the southern part of the Baltic Sea (region MET1, Gulf of Gdańsk) revealing the presence of a 10 m deep and 50 m in diameter pockmark (MET1-BH) on the sea bottom (78.7 m). To date, no such structures have been observed to reach this size in the Baltic Sea. The salinity of the near-bottom water in the pockmark was about 2 PSU (about 31.22 mmol/l...
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Determination of flavanols by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Application to the characterization of cranberry-based pharmaceuticals through profiling and fingerprinting approaches
PublicationIn this work, a new method based on reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection (FLD) was established for the determination of catechins and related oligomeric proanthocyanidins (PACs) in cranberry-based pharmaceuticals. Compounds were recovered by liquid extraction using methanol/water/hydrochloric acid (60:39:1, v:v:v) as the extraction solvent. The chromatographic separation was carried...
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Size Exclusion Coupled to Reversed Phase Liquid Chromatography for the Characterization of Cranberry Products
PublicationA combination of solvent extraction, size exclusion purification, and reversed-phase liquid chromatography with UV absorption and fluorescence detection was here used for the determination of flavan-3-ols and related oligomeric compounds in cranberry products. The method relied on robust, simple, and inexpensive instrumental equipment present in most of routine analytical laboratories. Sample extracts in methanol/water/hydrochloric...
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Polyurethane Glycerolysate as a Modifier of the Properties of Natural Rubber Mixtures and Vulcanizates
PublicationChemical recycling of polyurethanes can be realized in several different ways, but the most important methods are glycolysis and glycerolysis. Both methods permit recovery of polyols (when the process is realized with the mass excess of depolymerizing agent) or substitutes of polyols, which contain urethane moieties in the main chains and terminate mainly in hydroxyl groups (when the process is realized with the mass excess of...
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TOTAL CROSS SECTION MEASUREMENTS FOR ELECTRON SCATTERING ON METHYL FORMATE (HCOOCH3) MOLECULE: METHYLATION EFFECT
PublicationWe present the absolute total cross section (TCS) for electron scattering from the methyl formate (HCOOCH3) molecule measured in the 10-300 eV energy range, with electrostatic electron spectrometer working in the linear transmission mode. Comparison of TCS for the HCOOCH3 molecule with that measured earlier for the formic acid (HCOOH) compound manifests the methylation effect i.e. the response of the electron scattering dynamics...
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Investigation of the 0.4C-35Cr-45Ni-Nb Alloy after Service in High-Temperature Steam and Hydrocarbons Environment
PublicationThe paper presents the results of investigation of the 0.4C-35Cr-45Ni-Nb alloy, which operated in the cracked hydrocarbon feeds and dilution steam at 1125 C. The material originated from the pyrolytic furnace coil tubes, of which internal walls were in contact with the aforementioned medium, whereas the external walls were in contact with the flue gases. The examination included metallographic and mechanical tests on the material...
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Solid and liquid fractionation of sugarcane and Agave bagasse during ozonolysis and enzymatic hydrolysis: Impact on biohydrogen and biogas production
PublicationSustainable and cost-efficient lignocellulosic biomass-to-energy bioprocesses require assessing the main components released during biomass fractionation. This study assessed the mesophilic biochemical potential of biohydrogen (BHP) and methane production (BMP) from sugarcane bagasse (SCB) and cooked (CAB) and uncooked (UAB) Agave bagasse. A systematic comparative analysis was performed for the liquid and solid fractions derived...
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Stability analysis of a dike constructed of anthropogenic materials
PublicationNumerical analyses of stability are presented for a hypothetical dikes constructed of dredged materials and bottom ash, in varying proportions. The paper is related to the international research project DredgDikes, which focused on the use of anthropogenic materials in dikes construction and flood protection. The aim of this project was to investigate the possibility of using anthropogenic materials from rivers and sea dredging...
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Investigations of speech signal parameters with regard to articulation influences
PublicationW pracy zostało podjęte zagadnienie parametryzacji sygnału mowy w kontekście ekstrakcji cech biometrycznych. Analizowane parametry to parametry cepstralne (cepstrum liniowe i mel-cepstrum, czyli MFCC), parametry liniowej predykcji (LPC) oraz momenty widmowe i parametr F0. Zastosowano analize w krótkich stałych segmentach sygnału z zastosowaniem dużego zakładkowania, tzw. ''implicite segmentation''. Umożliwiło to zaobserwowanie...
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An Overview of Image Analysis Techniques in Endoscopic Bleeding Detection
PublicationAuthors review the existing bleeding detection methods focusing their attention on the image processing techniques utilised in the algorithms. In the article, 18 methods were analysed and their functional components were identified. The authors proposed six different groups, to which algorithms’ components were assigned: colour techniques, reflecting features of pixels as individual values, texture techniques, considering spatial...
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A Cu/Zn heterometallic complex with solvent-binding cavity, catalytic activity for the oxidation of 1-phenylethanol and unusual magnetic properties
PublicationMononuclear and polymeric complexes of zinc(II) and copper(II) have been synthesized using two isomers of the hemi-salen ligand with a different mutual orientation of donor atoms. The heterometallic Cu/Zn metallocycle features a catalytic niche filled with the molecule of water and molecules of methanol. This unusual compound exhibits both pronounced catalytic activity in the reaction of oxidation of a secondary alcohol to ketone...
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Processing, physico-mechanical and thermal properties of reclaimed GTR and NBR/reclaimed GTR blends as function of various additives
PublicationIn this work, ground tire rubber (GTR) was mechano-chemically reclaimed in the presence of bitumen and various additives. During studies three types of processing and curing additives: (i) peptizer P300; (ii) vulcanization accelerator tetramethylthiuram disulfide (TMTD) and (iii) organic peroxide di(2-tert-butyl-peroxyisopropyl)benzene (BIB1) were applied to enhance reclaiming of GTR. Reclaiming process was evaluated by oscillating...
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Separation of CO2 from biogas using absorption columns
PublicationBiogaz zawiera ok. 50-70% metanu, 30-40% di tlenku węgla oraz niewielkie ilości innych związków jak siarkowodór czy amoniaku. Dla uzyskania wysokokalorycznego gazu konieczne jest usunięcie ze strumienia di tlenku węgla. Praca opisuje potencjał użycia do tego celu kolumn absorpcyjnych oraz cieczy jonowych jako absorbenta
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Eter dimetylowy - paliwo przyszłości
PublicationEter dimetylowy /DME/ jest uznawany za przyjazne środowisku paliwo przyszłości, ważny związek do magazynowania i dystrybucji energii, a także podstawowy substrat w technologii chemicznej. Produkuje się go z gazu syntezowego /który można otrzymać z węgla kamiennego/, gazu ziemnego, metanu z innych źródeł, koksu naftowego, biomasy, odpadów komunalnych.
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Orientacja na klienta. Fundamentalna zasada doskonalenia jakości
PublicationW niniejszym artykule zaprezentowano podstawowe aspekty doskonalenia jakości w odniesieniu do kluczowej zasady doskonałości jaką jest orientacja na klienta. Autor odniósł się do takich aspektów jak przewidywanie potrzeb, identyfikacja i zrozumienie oczekiwań, dostosowanie oferty do potrzeb klienta oraz pomiar satysfakcji.
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Zaangażowanie i rozwój pracowników każdego szczebla. Kolejna z fundamentalnych zasad doskonalenia jakości
PublicationW niniejszym oracowaniu poddano analizie zaangażowwanie i rozwój pracowników jako podstawę funcjonowania podmiotów dążących do zwiększenia swojej dojrzałości projakościowej. Autor wskazał odniesienia do tego obszaru w teorii Kompleksowego Zarządzania Jakością wraz z podstawowymi uwarunkowaniami zaangażowania proacowników.
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Wytwarzanie blach bimetalowych al 99,98 -m1e wstępnie łączonych metodą zgrzewania wybuchowego
PublicationW artykule omówiono proces wytwarzania blach bimetalowych AL99,8-M1E obejmujący etap łączenia warstw stanowiących wsad bimetalowy oraz etap związany z ich plastycznym kształtowaniem poprzez walcowanie. Przedstawiono i omówiono wpływ parametrów procesu walcowania na nierównomierność odkształcenia warstw stanowiących bimetal.
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Czynniki generujące skuteczne zarządzanie
PublicationW niniejszym artykule zarezentowano wybrane aspekty, które należy wziąć pod uwagę w przypadku zarządzania pracownikami w celu doskonalenia tego obszaru zarówno z punktu widzenia pracownika, jak i pracodawcy
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Docierarki do płaszczyzn. Cz. II. Docierarki dwutarczowe.
PublicationPrzedstawiono wsółczesne konstrukcje docierarek dwutarczowych do obróbki powierzchni płasko-równoległych. Omówiono kinematykę obiegowego układu wykonawczego obrabiarek dwutarczowych oraz tendencje rozwoju ich konstrukcji.
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Docierarki do płaszczyzn. Cz.I. Docierarki jednotarczowe
PublicationPrzedstawiono konstrukcje współcześnie produkowanych docierarek jednotarczowych do płaszczyzn. Omówiono standardową kinematykę układu wykonawczego tego typu docierarek.
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Szlifowanie na docierarkach tarczowych
PublicationPrzedstawiono technologie szlifowania powierzchni płaskich na docierarkach tarczowych. Omówiono stosowane narzędzia segmentowe, obrabiarki dwutarczowe i zalety mikroszlifowania. Porównano proces docierania konwencjonalnego luźnym ścierniwem z mikroszlifowaniem z kinematyką docierania.
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Naprężeniowe pękanie korozyjne złączy spawanych nowego stopu Al-Mg ALUSTAR
PublicationWykonano pomiary wytrzymałości na rozciąganie, wydłużenia, czasu do zniszczenia, przewężenia i energii zniszczenia stopu rozciąganego z małą szybkością w powietrzu i 3,5 roztworze NaCl. Oceniono podatność złączy spawanych na korozję naprężeniową oraz możliwość zastosowania stopu ALUSTAR w budowie jednostek pływających.
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<i>N,N,N</i>-Trimethyl-N-(methyl 5-deoxy-2,3-<i>O</i>-isopropylidene-β-D-ribofuranosid-5- yl)ammonium 4-methylbenzenesulfonate sesquihydrate.
PublicationThe structure of the title compound, [C12H24NO4][C7H7O3S]·1.5H2O, contains alternating layers parallel to (001) of hydrophobic and polar character, stabilized by C-H...O hydrogen bonding. The furan ring adopts an envelope conformation with the C(OMe) atom as the flap, and the dioxolane ring is twisted about one of the O-C(methine) bonds. A comparison to related compounds is presented. The tosylate-O atoms were disordered over two...
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Heptaene macrolides biosynthesis by Streptomyces species
PublicationPolyene macrolides are one of the groups of secondary metabolites, generated by microorganisms belonging to the Streptomyces genus. These compounds, containing 3 - 7 conjugated double bonds systems in their molecules exhibit high antifungal activity against a broad spectrum of fungal pathogens with heptaenes demonstrating the highest antifungal potential. At the large extent, efficiency of biosynthesis of these natural products...
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ARTIFICIAL MODEL IN THE ASSESSMENT OF THE ALGORITHM OF OBJECTS RECORDED BY LASER SCANNING SHAPE DETECTION (ALS/TLS)
PublicationBrief description of the study and used methods. Brief description of the study and used As part of the preparatory work aimed to create the application solution allowing for the automation of searching objects in data, obtained in the scanning process using ALS (Airborne Laser Scanning) or TLS (Terrestrial Laser Scanning), the authors prepared a artificial (synthetic, theoretical) model of space, used for the verification of operation...
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Improving methods to calculate the loss of ecosystem services provided by urban trees using LiDAR and aerial orthophotos
PublicationIn this paper we propose a methodology for combining remotely sensed data with field measurements to assess selected tree parameters (diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree species) required by the i-Tree Eco model to estimate ecosystem services (ES) provided by urban trees. We determined values of ES provided by trees in 2017 in Racibórz (a city in South Poland) and estimated the loss of ES from January 1, 2017 to March 5, 2017,...
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Vehicle detector training with minimal supervision
PublicationRecently many efficient object detectors based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) have been developed and they achieved impressive performance on many computer vision tasks. However, in order to achieve practical results, CNNs require really large annotated datasets for training. While many such databases are available, many of them can only be used for research purposes. Also some problems exist where such datasets are not...
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Ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis as a tool for monitoring methanogenic archaea changes in an anaerobic digester
PublicationThe applicability of a newly-designed PCR primer pair in examination of methanogenic Archaea in a digester treating plant biomass was evaluated by Ribosmal Intergenic Spacer Analysis (RISA). To find a suitable approach, three variants of RISA were tested: (1) standard, polyacrylamide gel-based, (2) automated, utilized capillary electrophoresis (GA-ARISA), and (3) automated microfluidics-based (MF-ARISA). All three techniques yielded...
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Boron-Doped Diamond/GaN Heterojunction—The Influence of the Low-Temperature Deposition
PublicationWe report a method of growing a boron-doped diamond film by plasma-assisted chemical vapour deposition utilizing a pre-treatment of GaN substrate to give a high density of nucleation. CVD diamond was deposited on GaN substrate grown epitaxially via the molecular-beam epitaxy process. To obtain a continuous diamond film with the presence of well-developed grains, the GaN substrates are exposed to hydrogen plasma prior to deposition....
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Novel sugar-based nickel-tungsten carbide catalysts for dry reforming of hydrocarbons
PublicationThe search for new materials for dry reforming of hydrocarbons with high activity, stability, and ease of synthesis is still one of the main directions of research in the field of heterogeneous catalysis. Traditional methods of carbide synthesis require the use of combustible gases of petrochemical origin. The search for new catalysts based on renewable and safe carbon sources is highly demanded. Therefore, we report WC and Ni-WC...
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Distillery Wastes as External Carbon Sources for Denitrification in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants
PublicationIn order to improve efficiency of N removal within the existing capacities, the denitrification process can be enhanced by adding external carbon sources. The studies on utilization of various by-products or waste materials as alternative carbon sources for denitrification have been carried out for over 20 years (Sage et al. 2006). Among several commercially available organic compounds (such as methanol, ethanol, acetic acid, glucose),...