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Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: INDOOR AND OUTDOOR ENVIRONMENT
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Fading Characteristics for Dynamic Body-to-Body Channels in Indoor and Outdoor Environments
PublikacjaThis paper presents an analysis of the fading characteristics in dynamic body-to-body channels, based on measurements performed at 2.45 GHz in indoor and outdoor environments. The statistical analysis of the small- and large-scale fading shows that the Nakagami Distribution is the best model for the former and the Log-Normal one for the latter. An important influence of body shadowing...
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System Loss Model for Body-to-Body Networks in Indoor and Outdoor Environments
PublikacjaA system loss model for body-to-body networks in indoor and outdoor environments is proposed in this paper, based on measurements taken at 2.45 GHz. The influence of the type of environment, antenna visibility and user mobility on model parameters has been investigated. A significant impact of mutual antennas’ placement and their visibility is shown. The proposed model fits well to empirical data, with the average root mean square...
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Position Estimation in Mixed Indoor-Outdoor Environment Using Signals of Opportunity and Deep Learning Approach
PublikacjaTo improve the user's localization estimation in indoor and outdoor environment a novel radiolocalization system using deep learning dedicated to work both in indoor and outdoor environment is proposed. It is based on the radio signatures using radio signals of opportunity from LTE an WiFi networks. The measurements of channel state estimators from LTE network and from WiFi network are taken by using the developed application....
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Analysis of Position Calculating Methods in Indoor Environment
PublikacjaIn the paper a modified gradient method has been proposed for position calculation on basis of distance measurement in indoor environment. It is shown that the well-known Chan method of position calculation is inefficient in indoor circumstances. Author presents Chan and modified gradient methods and achieved results for each one for real measurements.
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Currently Commercially Available Chemical Sensors Employed for Detection of Volatile Organic Compounds in Outdoor and Indoor Air
PublikacjaThe paper presents principle of operation and design of the most popular chemical sensors for measurement of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in outdoor and indoor air. It describes the sensors for evaluation of explosion risk including pellistors and IR-absorption sensors as well as the sensors for detection of toxic compounds such as electrochemical (amperometric), photoionization and semiconductor with solid electrolyte ones....
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Comparison of new position estimation algorithm for indoor environment
PublikacjaIn the paper a new position estimation algorithm based on distance measurements is presented. This algorithm is dedicated for indoor environments. In the paper the new algorithm is compared with Chan algorithm. For the comparison were used real measurements conducted inside a building.
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Occurrence of organic phosphates in particulate matter of the vehicle exhausts and outdoor environment – A case study
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LSTM-based method for LOS/NLOS identification in an indoor environment
PublikacjaDue to the multipath propagation, harsh indoor environment significantly impacts transmitted signals which may adversely affect the quality of the radiocommunication services, with focus on the real-time ones. This negative effect may be significantly reduced (e.g. resources management and allocation) or compensated (e.g. correction of position estimation in radiolocalisation) by the LOS/NLOS identification algorithm. This paper...
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Path Loss Analysis in Off-Body Channels in Indoor Environment
PublikacjaThis temporary document describes an analysis of path loss in off-body channels in an indoor environment. The influence of body orientation and on-body antenna placement on path loss in off-body communications as well as of different bodies has been investigated. Five static scenarios, six distances between body and antenna and eight body orientations were analysed; moreover, two dynamic scenarios were investigated. The smallest...
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A picocellular UMTS/TDD overlay on GSM system for indoor environment
PublikacjaW pracy przedstawiono nakładkę CDMA na system GSM. Nakładka użytkuje system UMTS w trybie TDD i jest przeznaczona do funkcjonowania wewnątrz budynków w obszarze makrokomórki systemu GSM. Wyniki badań przedstawione w pracy ukazują znaczny wzrost efektywności wykorzystania tego samego pasma przez oba systemy i uzyskanie znacznej pojemności dla nakładki bez degradacji pracy systemu GSM
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‘Personas for lighting’. Three methods to develop personas for the indoor lighting environment
PublikacjaThe objective of this research is to describe and compare three different methods of generating ‘persona for lighting’ to envision users’ behaviour within the lighting environment. ‘Personas’ are used to represent typical users, highlighting their needs, perspectives, and expectations to aid user-centric design approaches. The researchers looked for the most useful method of shaping ‘personas for lighting’ to learn about users’...
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Measurement and Analysis of the Radio Wave Polarisation in Off-Body Communications in Indoor Environment
PublikacjaThe paper describes an analysis of the radio wave polarisation in off-body communications in indoor environment. The measurement stand for polarisation measurements has been shortly described. Five investigated scenarios with different body postures and different antenna placements have been characterize. The vertical and horizontal components of received radio signal have been analysed. The measure used in analysis is a ratio...
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LOS and NLOS identification in real indoor environment using deep learning approach
PublikacjaVisibility conditions between antennas, i.e. Line-of-Sight (LOS) and Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) can be crucial in the context of indoor localization, for which detecting the NLOS condition and further correcting constant position estimation errors or allocating resources can reduce the negative influence of multipath propagation on wireless communication and positioning. In this paper a deep learning (DL) model to classify LOS/NLOS...
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Characterization of Slow and Fast Fading in Off-Body Communication at 2.45 GHz with Space Diversity Scheme in an Indoor Environment
PublikacjaThe characterization of slow and fast fading in wireless body area networks with space diversity scheme has been presented. The analysis, based on the measurements at 2.45 GHz in an indoor environment, has shown that for all investigated configurations of receiving wearable antennas, the correlation coefficient values of the received signals’ parameters are below the assumed value of 0.5, being close to zero for the vast majority...
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Characterization of slow and fast fading in off-body communication at 2.45 GHz with space diversity scheme in indoor environment
PublikacjaThe characterization of slow and fast fading in Wireless Body Area Networks with space diversity scheme has been presented. The analysis, based on the measurements at 2.45 GHz in indoor environment, has shown that for all investigated configurations of receiving wearable antennas the correlation coefficient values of received signals’ parameters are below the assumed value of 0.5, being close to zero for the vast majority of cases. It...
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Pollution characteristics, mechanism of toxicity and health effects of the ultrafine particles in the indoor environment: Current status and future perspectives
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Unconventional and user-friendly sampling techniques of semi-volatile organic compounds present in an indoor environment: An approach to human exposure assessment
PublikacjaThe commonly applied solutions used to assess the potential risk of human exposure to semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) are based on the investigation of biological samples collected in an invasive or non-invasive manner. For SVOCs, which are typically introduced to humans through the respiratory system, dermal adsorption, or digestive system, sampling solutions generally used in the indoor environments are classified as...
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Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds in Indoor Air in the Gdansk Area Using Permeation Passive Samplers
PublikacjaPassive dosimetry — known for over a hundred years — is still a useful tool in monitoring air pollutants. In this work, permeation passive samplers were used to determine indoor air quality in 22 apartments located in the Gdansk area in the northern part of Poland. The results obtained by the passive sampling technique were compared to those obtained by dynamic sampling. Attempts were also made to identify indoor sources of...
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Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds in indoor air in the Gdansk area using permeation passive samplers.
PublikacjaDozymetria pasywna, znana od wielu lat, jest użytecznym narzędziem w monitoringu poziomu zanieczyszczeń. Do określenia jakości powietrza wewnętrznego w 22 pomieszczeniach mieszkalnych, zlakoalizowanych na terenie Gdańska, wykorzystano dozymetry pasywne typu permeacyjnego na etapie pobierania próbek analitów. Uzyskane wyniki porównano z wynikami uzyskanymi przy wykorzystaniu matedy dynamicznej. Podjęto również próbę identyfikacji...
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The influence of local temperature and air velocity changes on the thermal sensations of users' working in surgical clothing
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Pest Control and Pesticide Use in Hospitals in Poland
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Path Loss Analysis for the IoT Applications in the Urban and Indoor Environments
PublikacjaThe Internet of Things (IoT) networks concept implies their presence in a various and untypical locations, usually with a disturbed radio signals propagation. In the presented paper an investigation of an additional path loss observed in an underground environment was described. The proposed measurement locations correspond to the operation areas of rapidly growing narrowband IoT (NBIoT) networks, the ones using the Long Term Evolution...
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Influence of external walls' thermal capacitance on indoor thermal comfort
PublikacjaThe doctoral thesis presents the results of numerical investigations on the influence of walls’ thermal capacitance on indoor thermal comfort. A proper set of thermal parameters of a building structure can considerably limit the heating / cooling demand, and passively increase the indoor thermal comfort. However the effect of building thermal capacitance on indoor conditions is complex and not always beneficial. Among a great number...
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Assessment of User Mobility’s Influence on System Loss in Several Body-to-Body Scenarios
PublikacjaIn this paper, Body-to-Body communications in indoor and outdoor environments for different on-body antenna configurations and different mobility scenarios were studied, based on system loss measurements at 2.45 GHz. The main objective is to properly characterise the influence of the Transmitter-Receiver configuration on system loss and fast fading behaviour, the latter being modelled by the Rice Distribution. Globally, it is observed...
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Comparison of the Efficiency of Turbo Codes with Mechanisms of Reducing the Number of Iterations
PublikacjaThe paper presents the construction of encoders and decoders turbo codes with different number of states. Simulation results of the transmission quality of the turbo codes were presented. Decoders for turbo codes have worked with a fixed number of iterations and with the mechanisms reducing the number of iterations. Data were transmitted in Outdoor to Indoor & Pedestrian B environment for data rate 384 kbps. The SOVA algorithm...
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Performance of data transmission in UMTS with turbo code about decreased number of states
PublikacjaIn the paper a structure of turbo encoder and decoder about decreased number of states has been described. The simulation results of transmission performance based on turbo coding without the reduction of the number of iterations for the uplink and downlink of WCDMA/FDD interface have been presented. The SOVA algorithm for turbo decoding has been used. The investigations have been carried out for Outdoor to Indoor & Pedestrian...
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A VISION-BASED UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE NAVIGATION METHOD
PublikacjaThe satellite navigation systems are the main position sources for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). This fact limits the area of UAVs operation to the places where radio signals is visible for a satellite navigation system receiver, mounted on the vehicle-outdoor navigation. Closed spaced are unavailable for vehicles which navigation is based on global satellite navigation systems (GNSS). Miniature UAV (MiniUAV) is able to operate...
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BADANIE JAKOŚCI TRANSMISJI W KANALE RADIOWYM Z PROPAGACJĄ WIELODROGOWĄ DLA INTERFEJSU RADIOWEGO MC-CDMA
PublikacjaW referacie zostały zaprezentowane wyniki badań symulacyjnych jakości transmisji w interfejsie radiowym MC-CDMA dla transmisji w kanale z propagacją wielodrogową. Symulacje zostały przeprowadzone w środowisku miejskim okołobudynkowym dla użytkowników pieszych i w pojazdach (ang. Outdoor to Indoor and Pedestrian Environment). Środowisko to charakteryzuje się małymi mocami nadajników i małymi promieniami komórek. W symulacjach terminal...
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Miniaturized passive emission test chamber for in-situ measurement of emissions of organic compounds
PublikacjaThe results of many different studies have demonstrated unequivocally that the quality of indoor air is often much worse than that of atmospheric air (outdoor). One of the main groups of chemical compounds present in indoor air, with proven harmfulness to health,are volatile organic compounds (VOCs). VOCs present indoor comprise a wide variety of hydrocarbons and hydrocarbons derivatives including aliphatic, aromatics, alkylbenzens,...
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Design and implementation of an illumination system to mimic skyglow at ecosystem level in a large‐scale lake enclosure facility
PublikacjaLight pollution is an environmental stressor of global extent that is growing exponentially in area and intensity. Artificial skyglow, a form of light pollution with large range, is hypothesized to have environmental impact at ecosystem level. However, testing the impact of skyglow at large scales and in a controlled fashion under in situ conditions has remained elusive so far. Here we present the first experimental setup to mimic...
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Mitigation effect of face shield to reduce SARS-CoV-2 airborne transmission risk: Preliminary simulations based on computed tomography
PublikacjaWe aimed to develop a model to quantitatively assess the potential effectiveness of face shield (visor) in reducing airborne transmission risk of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 during the current COVID-19 pandemic using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. The studies with and without face shield in both an infected and healthy person have been considered in indoor environment simulation. In addition to the influence...
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Mitigation effect of face shield to reduce SARS-CoV-2 airborne transmission risk: Preliminary simulations based on computed tomography
PublikacjaWe aimed to develop a model to quantitatively assess the potential effectiveness of face shield (visor) in reducing airborne transmission risk of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 during the current COVID-19 pandemic using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. The studies with and without face shield in both an infected and healthy person have been considered in indoor environment simulation. In addition to the influence...
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Adaptive system for recognition of sounds indicating threats to security of people and property employing parallel processing of audio data streams
PublikacjaA system for recognition of threatening acoustic events employing parallel processing on a supercomputing cluster is featured. The methods for detection, parameterization and classication of acoustic events are introduced. The recognition engine is based onthreshold-based detection with adaptive threshold and Support Vector Machine classifcation. Spectral, temporal and mel-frequency descriptors are used as signal features. The...
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Employment of passive sampling in monitoring indoor air quality in selected residences in a Tri-city area in Poland
PublikacjaTime-weighted average concentrations of selected volatile compounds were measured in chosen residences in a Tri-City area of Poland by means of passive sampling. The results were compared to those obtained by dynamic technique – sorption tubes filled with Tenax TA sorbent. Results obtained by employing the two techniques were similar. Total volatile organic compound (TVOC) parameters were also determined. An attempt was also...
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Badania jakości usług szybkiej transmisji danych z wykorzystaniem turbokodowania w systemie UMTS.
PublikacjaW referacie przedstawiono budowę kodera oraz dekodera turbokodu pracującego w oparciu o algorytm SOVA w systemie radiokomunikacyjnym trzeciej generacji UMTS. Omówiono wyniki badańsymulacyjnych jakości transmisji z szybkością 384 kb/s z wykorzystaniem turbokodowania. Badania przeprowadzono dla obu kierunków transmisji w środowiskach Indoor Office B oraz Outdoor to Indoor & Pedestrian B.
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Badania jakości usług szybkiej transmisji danych z wykorzystaniem turbokodowania w systemie UMTS.
PublikacjaW pracy przedstawiono budowę kodera oraz dekodera turbokodu pracującego w oparciu o algorytm SOVA w systemie radiokomunikacyjnym trzeciej generacji UMTS. Omówiono wyniki badań symulacyjnych jakości transmisji z szybkością 384 kb/s z wykorzystaniem turbokodowania. Badania przeprowadzono dla obu kierunków transmisji w środowiskach Indoor Office B oraz Outdoor to Indoor & Pedestrian B.
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New Materiality-towards ‘Media Environments
PublikacjaArticle presents media solutions providing new materiality of architectural spaces. Media solutions in architecture evolve in new forms. Articlepresentsboth the developmentof new technological solutionsas well as new ways of application of media solutions in relation toarchitectural form. The aim of the article is to show technical aspects of new materiality - intelligent materials, allowing transmission of changeable visual content...
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Porównanie efektywności kodów LDPC
PublikacjaW referacie zaprezentowano porównanie wyników badań symulacyjnych jakości transmisji z wykorzystaniem kodów LDPC w interfejsie radiowym systemu UMTS. Badania symulacyjne zostały przeprowadzone dla szybkości transmisji 144 kb/s w środowisku propagacyjnym Outdoor to Indoor & Pedestrian B. W referacie przedstawiono również zasadę działania i algorytmy dekodowania kodów LDPC.
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Survey of Radio Navigation Systems
PublikacjaAt present, there is a growing demand for radio navigation systems, ranging from pedestrian navigation to consumer behavior analysis. These systems have been successfully used in many applications and have become very popular in recent years. In this paper we present a review of selected wireless positioning solutions operating in both indoor and outdoor environments. We describe different positioning techniques, methods, systems,...
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Badanie efektywności mechanizmu redukcji liczby iteracji turbodekodera w systemie UMTS
PublikacjaStreszczenie: W referacie przedstawiono budowę turbokodera zastosowanego w systemie UMTS i dekodera turbokodu z mechanizmem redukcji liczby iteracji wykorzystującym informację o przekroczeniu zadanego progu przez wielkość logarytmu stosunku prawdopodobieństw a-posteriori LLR w turbodekoderze Zostały porównane i omówione wyniki badań symulacyjnych dla obu kierunków transmisji w środowisku propagacyjnym miejskim wokoło-budynkowym...
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Chapter 8 – Active Sampling of Air
PublikacjaThis chapter reviews the literature information on analytical techniques and laboratory equipment used for active sampling of air (atmospheric and indoor) in regular monitoring research. It describes popular analytical devices applied for sample collection using various types of polymeric bags, e.g. Tedlar bags, Teflon or Nafion bags, and/or stainless steel vacuum containers. It reviews literature data about the application of...
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Application of Passive Samplers in Monitoring of Organic Constituents of Air
PublikacjaThe principles of passive dosimetry, which has been known for over 100 years, are finding an ever increasing use in analytical practice and are being used as a convenient technique for isolation and enrichment of analytes from various environmental media. Due to its simplicity, a variety of designs, as well as the possibility of using a number of different final determination techniques, passive dosimetry has been applied in...
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Chapter 11 – Application of Chemical Sensors and Sensor Matrixes to Air Quality Evaluation
PublikacjaIndoor and outdoor air quality is one of the key factors influencing human health. However, air quality evaluation is not easy task. Air is a complex system, which is subjected to changes even within short period of time. Progress in analytical methods and analytical tools provides increasingly more reliable information on the condition and quality of indoor and outdoor air. This progress, however, generates an increase in the...
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Analysis of a caustic formed by a spherical reflector: Impact of a caustic on architectural acoustics
PublikacjaFocusing sound in rooms intended for listening to music or speech is an acoustic defect. Design recommendations provide remedial steps to effectively prevent this. However, there is a category of objects of high historical or architectural value in which the sound focus correction is limited or even abandoned. This also applies to indoor or outdoor concert shells, installations for teaching and acoustic presentations, etc. The...
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Przegląd technologii lokalizowania osób/obiektów w środowiskach zamkniętych
PublikacjaW artykule przedstawiono przegląd wybranych rozwiązań stosowanych do lokalizowania osób/obiektów w środowiskach zamkniętych. Scharakteryzowano metody oparte na technice radiowej, inercyjnej oraz hybrydowej. W podsumowaniu wskazano na przydatność praktyczną opisanych rozwiązań, zwłaszcza do zastosowań specjalnych.
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Wykorzystanie technik analitycznych do oceny emisji lotnych związków organicznych uwalnianych z materiałów polimerowych, jako obiecujące rozwiązania w kontroli ich jakości – Część 1
PublikacjaDynamiczny wzrost w zakresie wykorzystania szerokiej gamy materiałów polimerowych w produkcji przedmiotów codziennego użytku powoduje, że mogą one znacząco wpływać na rodzaj i ilość związków chemicznych występujących w środowisku zewnętrznym (outdoor), jak i w środowisku wewnętrznym (indoor), takich jak pomieszczenia mieszkalne oraz środowiska pracy (stanowiska pracy). Bardzo istotny wpływ na jakość środowiska wewnętrznego ma...
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Nowy wewnątrzbudynkowy algorytm wyznaczania położenia obiektów
PublikacjaW referacie zaprezentowano nowy wewnątrzbudynkowy algorytm wyznaczania położenia obiektów WAP. W algorytmie tym uwzględnia się właściwości środowiska propagacyjnego, dzięki czemu dokładność estymat położenia obiektów wyznaczonych algorytmem WAP jest większa niż wyznaczonych znanymi algorytmami Chana oraz Foy’a. W referacie przedstawiono wyniki analizy porównawczej tych trzech algorytmów z użyciem rzeczywistych pomiarów odległości...
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Influence of User Mobility and Antenna Placement on System Loss in B2B Networks
PublikacjaIn this paper, the influence of user mobility and on-body antenna placement on system loss in body-to-body communications in indoor and outdoor environments and different mobility scenarios is studied, based on system loss measurements at 2.45 GHz. The novelty of this work lies on the proposal of a classification model to characterise the effect of user mobility and path visibility on system loss, allowing to identify the best...
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Radio Channel Measurements in Body-to-Body Communications in Different Scenarios
PublikacjaThis paper presents body-to-body radio channel measurements at the 2.45 GHz band, for different body motion scenarios and on-body antenna placements, and both indoor and outdoor environments. Measurement equipment, investigated scenarios and considered environments are described, an initial analysis of results being presented. The mean path loss and the standard deviation depend on the mutual location of transmitting and receiving...
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Radio Channel Measurements in Body-to-Body Communications in Different Scenarios
PublikacjaThis paper presents body-to-body radio channel measurements at the 2.45 GHz band, for different body motion scenarios and on-body antenna placements, and both indoor and outdoor environments. Measurement equipment, investigated scenarios and considered environments are described, an initial analysis of results being presented. The mean path loss and the standard deviation depend on the mutual location of transmitting and receiving...
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Path Loss Modelling in the Untypical Outdoor Propagation Environments
PublikacjaIn the paper three ways of path loss modelling in the untypical outdoor environments are presented. The exemplary untypical outdoor environment is analyzed. The investigated environment is characterized, and the measurement campaign are shortly described. The following models have been analyzed: the COST231 Walfisch-Ikegami model, the modified COST231Walfisch-Ikegami model tuned on the basis of empirical data, and the empirical...
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Recent advances on SOA formation in indoor air, fate and strategies for SOA characterization in indoor air - A review
PublikacjaRecent studies proves that indoor air chemistry differs in many aspects from atmospheric one. People send up to 90 % of their life indoors being exposed to pollutants present in gas, particle and solid phase. Particle phase indoor is composed of particles emitted from various sources, among which there is an indoor source – secondary chemical reactions leading to formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). Lately, researchers'...
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Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) concentrations in dust from various indoor environments in Gdańsk, Poland: Prediction of concentrations in indoor air and assessment of exposure of adults
PublikacjaMonitoring of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in indoor environments involves the determination of their concentrations in air, airborne particles, and settled dust. Each of these is a source of human exposure to PBDEs. In this study, we attempted to model PBDEs concentrations in various typical indoor environments on the basis of real PBDEs measurements in dust collected from them. The analytical procedure for determining...
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New Indoor Positioning Algorithm for Distance Measurements
PublikacjaIn the paper a new indoor positioning algorithm is presented. This algorithm takes into account selected features of radio wave propagation in indoor environment. This results in improvement in accuracy of calculated position estimates. A comparative analysis of this new algorithm with Chan and Foy algorithms was made and described in the paper. This comparative analysis was made with utilization of real radio distance measurements.
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Reliable testbed for indoor positioning systems
PublikacjaThis paper proposes a test environment for indoor localization system, based on radio wave propagation prosperities. The following sections presents variety of problems from the assessment of the existing localization system to the analysis of inconveniences which occur when comparison of different localization systems is implemented. The problem is associated with different testing environments presented in published papers is...
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Indoor air quality in public utility environments-a review
PublikacjaIndoor air quality has been the object of interest for scientists and specialists from the fields of science such as chemistry, medicine and ventilation system design. This results from a considerable number of potential factors, which may influence the quality of the broadly understood indoor air in a negative way. Poor quality of indoor air in various types of public utility buildings may significantly affect an increase in the...
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Analysis of Accuracy of Modified Gradient Method in Indoor Radiolocalisation System
PublikacjaIn this paper a new method, called modified gradient method, has been proposed for position calculation on the basis of distance measurement in indoor environment. It is shown that well known method of position calculation such as Foy is inefficient in indoor environment. In this article is also described the indoor radiolocalisation system which was used for collecting distance measurements which were employed for further comparative...
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Badanie i analiza efektywności alokacji strumieni danych w heterogenicznej sieci WBAN
PublikacjaW niniejszej dysertacji doktorskiej poddano dyskusji efektywność alokacji strumieni danych w heterogenicznej radiowej sieci WBAN (Wireless Body Area Networks). Biorąc pod uwagę dynamiczny rozwój nowoczesnych sieci radiokomunikacyjnych piątej generacji (5G), którego część stanowią radiowe sieci działające w obrębie ciała człowieka, bardzo ważnym aspektem są metody maksymalizujące wykorzystanie dostępnych zasobów czasowo –częstotliwościowych...
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Properties of an innovative multi-functional finish for the improvement of indoor air quality
PublikacjaDue to lifestyle changes, people spend most of their time indoors at present; thus, Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) is a matter of utmost importance. Multi-functional and innovative finishes can help to passively improve the IAQ, benefitting the health and comfort of occupants. For this study, reference and pre-mixed commercial mortars are compared to a new multi-functional hydraulic lime mortar for indoor finishes, in which conventional...
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Influence of terpenes on indoor air quality
PublikacjaThe aim of this study was to investigate air quality in hairdresser salons, focusing on terpenes determination. Terpenes are known reactive volatile organic compounds that contribute to secondary organic aerosol formation. Those compounds are frequently found in cosmetic products as fragrance agents. Hairdresser salons are special kind of environment, where secondary organic aerosol concentration may be elevated. One hairdresser...
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Depolarisation Model for a BAN Indoor Scenario
PublikacjaIn this paper, an analysis of depolarisation in Body Area Networks for Body-to-Infrastructure communications based on a measurement campaign in the 5.8 GHz band in an indoor environment is performed. Measurements were made with an offbody antenna transmitting linearly polarised signals and dualpolarised receiving antennas carried by the user on the body. A Normal Distribution with a mean of 2.0 dB and a standard deviation of 4.3...
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Electronic Noses for Indoor Air Quality Assessment
PublikacjaThis chapter presents a proposal of the use of electronic noses in the monitoring of indoor air quality. The main focus is put on the detailed characteristics of today’s indoor air quality control methods, the types of pollution in the air, and the development of electronic noses for air testing. Currently, scientists seek methodological and structural solutions that would enable real-time online indoor air control. It has been...
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α-Pinene, 3-carene and d-limonene in indoor air of Polish apartments: The impact on air quality and human exposure
PublikacjaMonoterpenes are among most ubiquitous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to be detected in indoor air. Since the quality of indoor air is considered important for inhabitants' well-being, the present study aimed at investigating impact of human activity on levels of selected monoterpenes applying passive sampling technique followed by thermal desorption and gas chromatography coupled mass spectrometry. One of the objectives of...
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Hybrid System for a Person Tracking in Harsh Indoor Environments
PublikacjaIn the article, the prototype of a system for a person tracking in a harsh indoor environment, especially when no other commercially available radiolocalization system can be used, was briefly described. The prototype realizes the data fusion, i.e. combines data from inertial and environmental sensors and radio distance measurements to estimate the position of a moving person. It is worth noting that the concept and practical realization...
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A Review of Antennas for Indoor Positioning Systems
PublikacjaThis paper provides a review of antennas applied for indoor positioning or localization systems. The desired requirements of thoseantennas when integrated in anchor nodes (reference nodes) are discussed, according to different localization techniques and theirperformance. The described antennas will be subdivided into the following sections according to the nature of measurements:received signal strength (RSS), time of flight (ToF),...
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Measurements of Path Loss in Off-Body Channels in Indoor Environments
PublikacjaThis paper presents a measurements of the path loss for validation of a statistical model for off-body radio channels in an indoor multipath environment, which considers the distance dependent mean path loss, and describes body shadowing and fast fading components in a statistical way. The measurement equipment and propagation indoor environment have been presented. Two different bodies and five static and two walking scenarios...
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Indoor air quality of everyday use spaces dedicated to specific purposes—a review
PublikacjaAccording to literature data, some of the main factors which significantly affect the quality of the indoor environment in residential households or apartments are human activities such as cooking, smoking, cleaning, and indoor exercising. The paper presents a literature overview related to air quality in everyday use spaces dedicated to specific purposes which are integral parts of residential buildings, such as kitchens, basements,...
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Research of Accuracy of RSSI Fingerprint-Based Indoor Positioning BLE System
PublikacjaRadio localization in indoor environment is still a challenging task due to environment volatility. In the paper are compared achieved localization accuracies for RSSI-Fingerprinting method utilizing Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) for two different environments: large empty hall and narrow corridor. Measurements were done by 6 different smartphones of 3 different producers, which makes those measurements unique as accuracies achieved...
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Research of Accuracy of RSSI Fingerprint-Based Indoor Positioning BLE System
PublikacjaRadio localization in indoor environment is still a challenging task due to environment volatility. In the paper are compared achieved localization accuracies for RSSI-Fingerprinting method utilizing Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) for two different environments: large empty hall and narrow corridor. Measurements were done by 6 different smartphones of 3 different producers, which makes those measurements unique as accuracies achieved...
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Problems and challenges associated with estimating the emissions of organic compounds from indoor materials
PublikacjaFor several years intensive research has been carried out with the aim of developing a database of the types and amounts of pollutants released from indoor materials to the indoor environment. The paper discusses in detail basic problems and challenges encountered when estimating the emissions of chemical compounds released from of indoor materials. Factors affecting the validity of data obtained by using two different types of...
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An Off-Body Channel Model for Body Area Networks in Indoor Environments
PublikacjaThis paper presents an off-body channel model for body area networks (BANs) in indoor environments. The proposed model, which is based on both simulations and measurements in a realistic environment, consists of three components: mean path loss, body shadowing, and multipath fading. Seven scenarios in a realistic indoor office environment containing typical scatterers have been measured: five were static (three standing and two...
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Calibration-Free Single-Anchor Indoor Localization Using an ESPAR Antenna
PublikacjaIn this paper, we present a novel, low-cost approach to indoor localization that is capable of performing localization processes in real indoor environments and does not require calibration or recalibration procedures. To this end, we propose a single-anchor architecture and design based on an electronically steerable parasitic array radiator (ESPAR) antenna and Nordic Semiconductor nRF52840 utilizing Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)...
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Monitoring and analytics of semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) in indoor air
PublikacjaThis paper reviews literature information on the behaviour of semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) in the indoor environment, as well as the most likely emission sources. The consecutive stages of analytical procedures used for monitoring SVOCs in indoor environments are described. The most common approaches used for collecting samples from the gas and particulate phases are mentioned. The paper discusses and compares various...
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Gas‐Phase Removal of Indoor Volatile Organic Compounds and Airborne Microorganisms Over Mono‐ and Bimetal‐Modified (Pt, Cu, Ag) Titanium(IV) Oxide Nanocomposites
PublikacjaThe photocatalytic deactivation of volatile organic compounds and mold fungi using TiO2 modified with mono‐ and bimetallic (Pt, Cu, Ag) particles is reported in this study. The mono‐ and bimetal‐modified (Pt, Cu, Ag) titanium(IV) oxide photocatalysts were prepared by chemical reduction method and characterized using XRD, XPS, DR/UV‐Vis, BET and TEM analysis. The effect of incident light, type and content of mono‐ and bimetallic...
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RF Indoor Positioning System Supported by Wireless Computer Vision Sensors
PublikacjaIn this paper the possibility of increase the accuracy of RF fingerprinting indoor tracking system by the use of additional information from simple vision system is examined. As the distances in signal space differs from ones in real environment the ambiguity in decision process of fingerprinting algorithm can occur when set of closest distances between tag and map points in signal space corresponds to big distances differences...
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Wideband Channel Measurements for Polarised Indoor Off-Body Communications
PublikacjaThis paper presents the initial results of wideband channel measurements for polarised off-body communication at 5.8 GHz, in an indoor environment. Channel Impulse Response measurements were performed simultaneously for two orthogonal polarisations of the wearable antenna, and repeated for vertical and horizontal orientations of the off-body one. Four types of measurement scenarios were considered in order to investigate the influence...
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The Use of Sensory Analysis Techniques to Assess the Quality of Indoor Air
PublikacjaThe quality of indoor air is one of the significant elements that influences people's well-being and health inside buildings. Emissions of pollutants, which may cause odor nuisance, are the main reason for people's complaints regarding the quality of indoor air. As a result, it is necessary to perform tests aimed at identifying the sources of odors inside buildings. The article contains basic information on the characteristics...
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Utilization of a Non-Linear Error Function in a Positioning Algorithm for Distance Measurement Systems Designed for Indoor Environments
PublikacjaA new positioning algorithm for distance measurement systems is outlined herein. This algorithm utilizes a non-linear error function which allows us to improve the positioning accuracy in highly difficult indoor environments. The non-linear error function also allows us to adjust the performance of the algorithm to the particular environmental conditions. The well-known positioning algorithms have limitations, mentioned by their...
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Testing and sampling devices for monitoring volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds in indoor air
PublikacjaAdults spend most of their time in enclosed spaces (e.g., apartment, office and public buildings). According to research conducted by scientists, air quality indoors is much worse than the ambient air quality outdoors. Hazardous chemicals found in air indoors can adversely affect the functioning of the human body and cause many respiratory and circulatory diseases. Harmful chemical compounds (mainly volatile organic compounds and...
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Characteristics of the Polarised Off-Body Channel in Indoor Environments
PublikacjaThis paper addresses the depolarisation effect in off-body Body Area Networks channels, based on measurements performed at 2.45 GHz in an indoor environment. Seven different scenarios, involving both static and dynamic users, were considered, taking a statistical perspective. The analysis of the cross-polarisation discrimination is performed, as well as the analysis of path loss in co- and cross-polarised channels. Results show...
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Characteristics of the polarised off-body channel in indoor environments
PublikacjaThis paper addresses the depolarisation effect in off-body body area networks channels, based on measurements performed at 2.45 GHz in an indoor environment. Seven different scenarios, involving both static and dynamic users, were considered, taking a statistical perspective. The analysis of the cross-polarisation discrimination is performed, as well as the analysis of path loss in co- and cross-polarised channels. Results show...
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Single-Anchor Indoor Localization Using ESPAR Antenna
PublikacjaIn this paper a new single-anchor indoor localization concept employing Electronically Steerable Parasitic Array Radiator (ESPAR) antenna has been proposed. The new concept uses a simple fingerprinting algorithm adopted to work with directional main beam and narrow minimum radiation patterns of ESPAR antenna that scans 360° area around the base station, while the signal strength received from a mobile terminal is being recorded...
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The outdoor market places in the public spaces of a modern city = Miejsca handlu targowego w przestrzeni publicznej współczesnego miasta (vol.1)
PublikacjaNowadays the market in the public space has different meanings. One of the point of view concentrate on the market as a low attraction of the city, which make it more chaotic. Although there exist contrary point of view – to apply the outdoor markets and the fairs in the public space as a one of the main attraction dedicated for toursits and local people.
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Speciation of Iron in the Aquatic Environment
PublikacjaIron is one of the basic metals occurring in the aquatic environment and it is considered a macroelement with regard to live organisms. This metal has a broad range of applications that, together with factors conditioning its chemical transitions, results in the occurrence of many iron species in water. Depending on water and land development type, as well as the use of water for household and industrial purposes, iron may be found...
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Pesticides in the Environment
PublikacjaApplied all over the world, pesticides are some of the most dangerous pollutants of the environment becauseof their mobility and ability to accumulate in the environment and their consequent long-term adverseeffects on living organisms in general and human health in particular. For these reasons, it is essential tomonitor and analyze pesticide residues in the environment. This entry discusses the classification of pesticidesas...
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Accuracy analysis of the RSSI BLE SensorTag signal for indoor localization purposes
PublikacjaIn this paper we describe possibility of use the RSSI signal (Radio Signal Strength Indication) from Texas Instruments SensorTag CC2650 for indoor positioning purposes. This idea is not a new but in our opinion it is possible to use SensorTags with Bluetooth LE wireless interface for positioning inside buildings in such applications as people findings in hospitals, senior come care, etc. RSSI is mostly selected as the sensor localization...
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Koncepcja Smart Cities - obszar Smart Environment
PublikacjaThe Smart Cities Concept– Smart Environment. The paper concentrates on the possibilities of checking the extent to which cities meet the smart city concept. The presented concept concentrates on one of the main smart cities characteristic: Smart Environment. This paper is a result of joint work of specialist from two diff erent areas: management and environmental protection. The interdisciplinary character of the paper is characteristic...
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Investigation of the outdoor illuminated and air-cooled silicon solar cell
PublikacjaPrzedstawiono metodę wyznaczania współczynnika nieidealności ogniwa słonecznego w oparciu o zmiany napięcia otwartego obwodu w funkcji nasłonecznienia. Zastosowano chłodzenie ogniwa przy użyciu radiatora i strumienia powietrza celem utrzymania jego temperatury na stałym poziomie podczas eksperymentu. Omówiono wpływ nasłonecznienia i temperatury ogniwa na kształt charakterystyki i położenie punktu maksymalnej mocy.
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Energy efficient indoor localisation for narrowband internet of things
PublikacjaThere are an increasing number of Narrow Band IoT devices being manufactured as the technology behind them develops quickly. The high co-channel interference and signal attenuation was seen in edge Narrow Band IoT devices make it challenging to guarantee the service quality of these devices. To maximize the data rate fairness of Narrow Band IoT devices, a multi-dimensional indoor localization model is devised, consisting of...
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Reducing nighttime light exposure in the urban environment to benefit human health and society
PublikacjaNocturnal light pollution can have profound effects on humans and other organisms. Recent research indicates that nighttime outdoor lighting is increasing rapidly. Evidence from controlled laboratory studies demonstrates that nocturnal light exposure can strain the visual system, disrupt circadian physiology, suppress melatonin secretion, and impair sleep. There is a growing body of work pointing to adverse effects of outdoor lighting...
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Occurrences, sources, and transport of organochlorine pesticides in the aquatic environment of Antarctica
PublikacjaWe review information on the concentration levels of organochlorine pesticides in the abiotic aquatic environment (in seawater, sea ice, surface freshwater, snow, firn, and glacial ice) and the organisms inhabiting those, in Antarctica. Particular attention is given to the environmental fate of these pollutants, which modifies their impact on the organisms living in the Antarctic. OCPs have been delivered to the Antarctic environment...
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Permeation passive sampling as a tool for the evaluation of indoor air quality
PublikacjaOkreślono stężenie średnie ważone w czasie wybranych lotnych związków organicznych w powietrzu ośmiu pomieszczeniach mieszkalnych na terenie miasta Gdańska. Do pobierania próbek analitów z powietrza wewnętrznego zastosowano permeacyjny dozymetr pasywny typu pudełkowego oraz technikę dynamiczną (urządzenie przepływowe z rurką sorpcyjną). Porównano wyniki uzyskane w wyniku zastosowania w/w technik pobierania próbek analitów.
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Outdoor I-V measurements of air-cooled silicon solar cell
PublikacjaStosując radiator aluminiowy i przpływ powietrza z obu stron krystalicznego krzemowego ogniwa słonecznego osiągnięto skuteczne odprowadzanie ciepła i schłodzenie do temperatury otoczenia. Nową metodą (przy oświetleniu ogniwa i mniejszym napięciu) wyznaczono rezystancję szeregową i współczynnik nieidealności mierzonej charakterystyki I-V.
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The outdoor market places in the public space of a modern city. - Vol. I
Publikacja -
Executing Multiple Simulations in the MERPSYS Environment
PublikacjaThe chapter investigates the steps necessary to perform a simulation instance in the MERPSYS environment and discusses potential limitations in case when vast numbers of simulations are required. An extended architecture is proposed which includes a JMS-based simulation queue and multiple distributed simulators, overcoming the potential bottlenecks. The chapter introduces also methods for preparing suites of multiple simulations...
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LED Light Sources and Their Complex Set-Up for Visually and Biologically Effective Illumination for Ornamental Indoor Plants
PublikacjaOrnamental plants are often used in indoor environments as part of biophilic design to improve the health and wellbeing of occupants, and to support sustainable, green architecture. Unfortunately, many plants do not thrive and need to be continuously replaced, which is economically unsustainable. The wavelengths and spectrum ratio of commonly used light sources such as light emitting diode (LED), and the lack of an appropriate...
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Impact of radio wave polarisation on off-body communications in indoor environments
PublikacjaThis paper describes the measurements and the analysis of the impact of radio wave polarisation on off-body communications in Body Area Networks in indoor environments. Measurements on polarisation impact are briefly described. Five investigated scenarios with different body postures and different antenna placements are characterised. The difference between the vertical and horizontal components of the received radio signal are...
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Investigation on air quality of specific indoor environments—spa salons located in Gdynia, Poland
PublikacjaDue to excessive application of essential oils and scented products in spa salons during aromatherapy and massage sessions, the elevated concentration of total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs), particularly terpenes, which are known as secondary organic aerosol (SOA) precursors, is expected there. This study was aimed at determination of VOCs with a particular regard to terpenes in air samples collected in selected spa salons...
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Screening of volatile organic compounds as a source for indoor pollution
PublikacjaLotne związki organiczne (VOC) stanowią jedne z istotniejszychzanieczyszczeń powietrza wewnętrznego, ich stężenia w powietrzu wewnętrznym są często kilkakrotnie wyższe niż odpowiadające im stężenia w powietrzu zewnętrznym. Ten niekorzystny stosunek stężeń wskazuje na obecność endogennych źródeł emisji (usytuowanych bezpośrednio wewnątrz budynków). Lotne związki organiczne uwalniane są do powietrza wewnętrznego z wielu kontrolowanych...
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Tracking body movement for radio channel measurements in BAN with indoor positioning system
PublikacjaThis paper presents indoor positioning system based on inertial navigation with additional distance measurements using UWB modems and map matching to increase accuracy and eliminate position drift. Such system may be used to track position of human body during radio channel measurements for body area networks. Performance of proposed system and limitations caused by inertial navigation are briefly described.