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Search results for: LOW ALLOY STEEL
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Design analysis of Tesla micro-turbine operating on a low-boiling medium
PublicationThis paper presents results of the design analysis of a Tesla bladeless turbine intended for a co-generating micro-power plantof heat capacity 20 kW, which operates in an organic Rankine cycle on a low-boiling medium. Numerical calculations of flowin several Tesla turbine models were performed for a range of design parameters. Results of investigations exhibit interestingfeatures in the distribution of flow parameters within the...
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PROCESSING, MECHANICAL AND THERMAL PROPERTIES OF RECYCLED LOW-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE STREAMS
PublicationThe recycling of plastics is currently one of the most significant industrial challenges. Due to the enormous amounts of plastic wastes generated by various industry branches, it is essential to look for the potential methods of their utilization. Nevertheless, for the efficient application of recycled materials it is crucial to analyze their performance. Therefore, in presented paper we investigated the processing (melt flow index),...
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TRAVELLING WAVES FOR LOW–GRADE GLIOMA GROWTH AND RESPONSE TO A CHEMOTHERAPY MODEL
PublicationLow-grade gliomas (LGGs) are primary brain tumours which evolve very slowly in time, but inevitably cause patient death. In this paper, we consider a PDE version of the previously proposed ODE model that describes the changes in the densities of functionally alive LGGs cells and cells that are irreversibly damaged by chemotherapy treatment. Besides the basic mathematical properties of the model, we study the possibility of the...
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The effects of offshoring to low-wage countries on domestic wages: a worldwide industrial analysis
PublicationThis paper extends the literature on the implications of offshoring for labour markets by investigating its effect on the wages of different skill groups in a broad global context. The analysis draws on input–output data from the WIOD project, and in the panel analysed (13 manufacturing industries, 40 countries, 1995–2009) we account for up to 96 % of the international trade in manufacturing inputs. Being particularly interested...
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Research on the effect of low-sulphur marine fuels on the dynamic characteristics of a CI engine
PublicationThe implementation of low-sulphur, so-called modified marine fuels into operation requires prior labora- tory engine tests to assess the energy, emission and structural effects of their usage. This type of research are carried out on the test bed of a diesel engine as a small-scale physical model that reproduces the adequate design and process (parametric) features of a full-size marine engine. Their key stage is to determine the energy...
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Influence of soil–structure interaction on seismic pounding between steel frame buildings considering the effect of infill panels
PublicationThe present research aims to study the influence of the soil-structure interaction (SSI) and existence or absence of masonry infill panels in steel frame structures on the earthquake-induced pounding-involved response of adjacent buildings. The study was further extended to compare the pounding-involved behavior versus the independent behavior of structures without collisions, focusing much on dynamic behavior of single frames....
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Enhancing seismic performance of steel buildings having semi-rigid connection with infill masonry walls considering soil type effects
PublicationUnpreventable constructional defects are the main issues in the case of steel Moment-Resisting Frames (MRFs) that mostly occur in the rigidities of beam-to-column connections. The present article aims to investigate the effects of different rigidities of structures and to propose Infill Masonry Walls (IMWs) as retrofitting strategy for the steel damaged buildings. A fault or failure to meet a certain consideration of the soil type...
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A low complexity double-talk detector based on the signal envelope
PublicationA new algorithm for double-talk detection, intended for use in the acoustic echo canceller for voice communication applications, is proposed. The communication system developed by the authors required the use of a double-talk detection algorithm with low complexity and good accuracy. The authors propose an approach to doubletalk detection based on the signal envelopes. For each of three signals: the far-end speech, the microphone...
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Interaction of low energy electrons with formic acid monomer, dimer and trimer
PublicationConfigurations of the formic acid monomer, dimer and trimer are presented. We have calculated the total energies for these structures. We have considered also the negatively charged clusters and discussed the possible pathways of interaction of low energy electrons with monomers and clusters. Calculations have been executed using 6-311G** and 6-311++G** basis sets. The electron affinities of monomer and clusters are presented....
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Experimental study on the behaviour of steel columns under seismic-induced axial impact load
PublicationIt has been observed during major earthquakes that the so called soft-storey failure of an upper floor of a structure results in large impact load acting on structural members of the lower storeys. It may further lead to progressive collapse of the whole structure substantially intensifying human and material losses. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to investigate experimentally the behaviour of columns under bending (observed...
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Guided wave propagation in debonding detection in CFRP-reinforced steel plate-like structures
PublicationThe present study investigates the guided wave propagation in multilayered steel specimens reinforced with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) through theoretical, numerical, and experimental means. The effectiveness of externally bonded reinforcement (EBR) relies heavily on the bonding quality between the CFRP and the substrate. Premature debonding, a prevalent and hazardous defect, can arise from suboptimal manufacturing processes,...
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The effect of external load on ultrasonic wave attenuation in steel bars under bending stresses
PublicationThe stress state in deformed solids has a significant impact on the attenuation of an ultrasonic wave propagating through the medium. Measuring a signal with certain attenuation characteristics can therefore provide useful diagnostic information about the stress state in the structure. In this work, basic principles behind a novel attenuation-based diagnostic framework are introduced. An experimental study on steel bars under three-point...
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Influence of plastic deformation on stray magnetic field distribution of soft magnetic steel sample
PublicationThe effect of various combinations of conditions, i.e., presence of the Earth’s magnetic field during and after deformation on the distribution of stray magnetic field of S355 steel sample, which is locally deformed, was investigated. Some of the stages of the experiment were carried out in zero magnetic field. Compensation of the Earth’s magnetic field was obtained by the application of a pair of Helmholtz coils. These coils are...
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Chemical analysis of low carbon content coals and their applications as dye adsorbent
PublicationCoal is primarily a fuel material but lately it has been utilized as an adsorbent for removing toxic metal ions. However, its usage for removing organic pollutants is not well studied. We report here a systematic study on the use of coal samples of varying carbon contents as adsorbents for removing Basic Blue 41 as a model cationic dye. The coal samples were collected from coal mines and were thoroughly characterized. The concentrations...
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Creation and characteristics of the (Mn-N-O) surface layers on aluminium alloy
PublicationPrzedstawiono koncepcję tworzenia warstw powierzchniowych zawierających mangan, azot i tlen. Warstwy wykazują twardość powierzchniową 358 HV0,01, zwiększoną odporność na korozję w kwasie siarkowym oraz odporność na zużycie ścierne w skojarzeniu z żeliwem szarym.
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Determination of grain shape of laser-irradiated FePdCu thin alloy films
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Composite and Surface Functionalization of Ultrafine-Grained Ti23Zr25Nb Alloy for Medical Applications
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Impact of plastic deformation on magnetoacoustic properties of Fe-2%Si alloy
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono wyniki komplementarnych badań własności magnetycznych stopu Fe-2%Si po deformacji plastycznej. Badania obejmowały pomiary pętli histerezy magnetycznej B(H), magnetycznego efektu Barkhausena oraz emisjii magnetoakustycznej. Badane próbki poddane były deformacji plastycznej do poziomu sięgajćego 8%. Właściwości pętli histerezy zostały skwantyfikowane z wykorzystaniem pola koercji oraz maksymalnej magnetycznej...
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Cryogenic Treatment Effect on Cyclic Behavior of Ni54Ti46 Shape Memory Alloy
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Near Boundary Acoustic Streaming in Ni-Fe alloy electrodeposition control
PublicationSilny wpływ na osadzanie elektrochemiczne stopów metali mają zjawiska występujące w warstwie dyfuzyjnej, modyfikujące rozkład koncentracji jonów w odmienny sposób dla każdego ze składników. Artykuł przedstawia metodę pobudzania akustycznego prowadzącą do kontrolowanego, jednorodnego osadzania stopów. Metoda ta polega na generowaniu prze-pływu akustycznego prostopadle do powierzchni osadzania, w polu stojącej fali akustycznej równoległej...
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Surface structure and propoerties of Ti6Al4V alloy laser melted at cryogenic conditions
PublicationPrzedstwiono wyniki badań mikroskopowych i mikrotwardości warstwy wierzchniej poddanej przetapianiu laserem w ciekłym aocie przy mocy laserz 3000-6000 W. Stwierdzono wzrost twardości i utworzenie zróżnicowanej warstwy wierzchniej.
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The Influence of ZnO Oxide Layer on the Physicochemical Behavior of Ti6Al4V Titanium Alloy
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Applications of the artificial intelligence methods for modeling of the ACAlSi7Cu alloy crystallization process
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Tribological and corrosion testing of surface engineered surgical grade CoCrMo alloy
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Microstructural aspects of hydrogen degradation of the 26H2MF and 34HNM constructional alloy steels
PublicationPodatność na degradację wywołaną przez wodór, dwóch gatunków polskich stali konstrukcyjnych stopowych: 26H2MF i 34HNM, określano przy pomocy próby powolnego rozciągania. Mierzono następujące parametry: energię pękania, wydłużenie, wytrzymałość na rozciąganie i przewężenie. Degradację stali obserwowano w 0,01M kwasie siarkowym przy gęstości prądu 20 mA/cm2 wraz z rodzajem przełomów. Poziom degradacji był zgodny z ilością wodoru...
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Imaging of grains and internal stresses in GO Fe-Si alloy with Barkhauseneffects
PublicationBadano próbki stali transformatorowej Fe-Si ze strukturą zorientowaną (GO). Polowy efekt Barkhausena wykorzystano do zobrazowania ziaren pod warstwą ochronną a poziom naprężeń wewnętrznych wyznaczono wykorzystując mechaniczny efekt Barkhausena.
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Comparison of Properties of the Hybrid and Bilayer MWCNTs—Hydroxyapatite Coatings on Ti Alloy
PublicationCarbon nanotubes are proposed for reinforcement of the hydroxyapatite coatings to improve their adhesion, resistance to mechanical loads, biocompatibility, bioactivity, corrosion resistance, and antibacterial protection. So far, research has shown that all these properties are highly susceptible to the composition and microstructure of coatings. The present research is aimed at studies of multi-wall carbon nanotubes in three different...
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Comprehensive Evaluation of the Biological Properties of Surface-Modified Titanium Alloy Implants
PublicationAn increasing interest in the fabrication of implants made of titanium and its alloys results from their capacity to be integrated into the bone system. This integration is facilitated by different modifications of the implant surface. Here, we assessed the bioactivity of amorphous titania nanoporous and nanotubular coatings (TNTs), produced by electrochemical oxidation of Ti6Al4V orthopedic implants’ surface. The chemical composition...
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Application of multisine nanoscale impedance microscopy to heterogeneous alloy surface investigations
PublicationIn the recent years atomic force microscopy is recognized as valuable tool for investigation of surficial features of construction materials. It concerns, among other things, studies of changes caused by such phenomena as galvanic corrosion, passivation associated with the growth of oxide layers, or sensitization of austenitic steels with the formation of carbide phases. In addition, atomic forcemicroscopy allows easy coupling...
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Microstructure and wear of cast aluminium alloy with laser modified surface layer
Publicationprzedstawiono wyniki badań zużycia przez tarcie przetopionego laserowo stopuAlSi13MgCuNi w warunkach tribologicznych. Wykazano, iż zużycie i współczyn-nik tarcia są zależne od parametrów obróbki laserowej w warunkach kriogeni-cznych.
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The design of the prosthetic index finger actuated by shape memory alloy wires
PublicationZaprezentowano projekt palca wskazującego protezy ręki, w którym poszczególne człony napędzane są za pomocą niekonwencjonalnych efektorów - stopów metali z pamięcią kształtu (SMA - NiTi).
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Volumetric and torque efficiency of pumps during start-up in low ambient temperatures
PublicationThe volumetric, torque and total efficiency of hydraulic pumps change during start-up in low ambient temperatures, as well as in thermal shock conditions, un-til they reach the set conditions. The time to reach steady-state conditions de-pends on many parameters: ambient temperature, flow rate, fluid temperature, design of hydraulic units. The author carried out tests of hydraulic pumps in the Hydraulics Laboratory of the Faculty...
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Electrochemically assisted deposition of hydroxyapatite on Ti6Al4V substrates covered by CVD diamond films — Coating characterization and first cell biological results
PublicationAlthough titaniumand its alloys are widely used as implant material for orthopedic and dental applications they show only limited corrosion stability and osseointegration in different cases. The aim of the presented research was to develop and characterize a novel surface modification system from a thin diamond base layer and a hydroxyapatite (HAp) top coating deposited on the alloy Ti6Al4V widely used for implants in contact with bone....
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Comparative study on fracture evolution in steel fibre and bar reinforced concrete beams using acoustic emission and digital image correlation techniques
PublicationIn recent decades, the demand for sustainable construction practices has increased, but raw materials such as reinforcing steel remain scarce. Therefore, steel fibres have emerged as a popular and sustainable choice in the construction industry, offering a cost-effective alternative to traditional steel bar reinforcement for both flatwork and elevated structures. The purpose of this study is therefore to compare the performance...
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Microstructure and mechanical properties of a dissimilar metal welded joint of Inconel 617 and P92 steel with Inconel 82 buttering layer for AUSC boiler application
PublicationThe application of the novel dissimilar metal welded (DMW) joint, utilizing Inconel 617 and P92 steel, was showcased in the advanced ultra-supercritical (AUSC) boiler. The work has been performed to investigate the effect of Inconel 82 (ERNiCr-3) buttering layer on microstructure and mechanical properties (high-temperature tensile strength, impact strength and microhardness) of gas tungsten arc welded (GTAW) dissimilar joint between...
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Instantaneous Impedance Analysis of Non-Stationary Corrosion Process: a Case Study of Carbon Steel in 1M HCl
PublicationThe paper concerns the problem of evaluation of stationarity of carbon steel corrosion in 1M HCl. Comparison of corrosion rate with addition of corrosion inhibitor to the reference measurement is the most often used way of evaluating inhibitor efficiency. Such an approach is valid only if corrosion rate is a stationary process. Two complementary techniques were used simultaneously: volumetric analysis of evolved hydrogen and instantaneous...
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Detection and Imaging of Debonding in Adhesive Joints of Concrete Beams Strengthened with Steel Plates Using Guided Waves and Weighted Root Mean Square
PublicationStrengthening of engineering structures is an important issue, especially for elements subjected to variable loads. In the case of concrete beams or slabs, one of the most popular approaches assumes mounting an external reinforcement in the form of steel or composite elements by structural adhesives. A significant disadvantage of adhesive joints is the lack of access to the adhesive film for visual condition assessment, thus, there...
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Miniaturization of ESPAR Antenna Using Low-Cost 3D Printing Process
PublicationIn this paper, the miniaturized electronically steerable parasitic array radiator (ESPAR) antenna is presented. The size reduction was obtained by embedding its active and passive elements in polylactic acid (PLA) plastic material commonly used in low-cost 3D printing. The influence of 3D printing process imperfections on the ESPAR antenna design is investigated and a simple yet effective method to compensate them has been proposed....
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A Low-Profile 3-D Printable Metastructure for Performance Improvement of Aperture Antennas
PublicationIn order to increase the radiation performance of aperture-type antennas, this paper demonstrates a low-profile, planar, single-layer, three-dimensional (3-D) printable metastructure. The proposed hybridized metastructure is highly transparent as it is made out of novel hybrid meta-atoms having transmission coefficient magnitudes greater than -0.72 dB and fully complies with the near-field phase transformation principle. The hybridized...
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Low-Profile ESPAR Antenna for RSS-Based DoA Estimation in IoT Applications
PublicationIn this paper, we have introduced a low-profile electronically steerable parasitic array radiator (ESPAR) antenna that can successfully be used to estimate the direction-of-arrival (DoA) of incoming signals in wireless sensor network (WSN) applications, in which the height of the complete antenna has to be low. The proposed antenna is over three times lower than high-profile ESPAR antenna designs currently available in the literature...
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High precision and accuracy using low cost GNSS receivers and supporting technologies
PublicationThis chapter focuses on methods and techniques of positioning, based on the highly accurate and precise Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), which are available at a relatively low price. In this context, a comparison of different positioning methods provided by the free and open source software (FOSS) package called RTKLIB is given. Other aspects related to price reduction are also considered, including availability and...
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Interfacial adhesion evaluation in (low-density polyethylene)/elastomer blends
PublicationLow-density polyethylene (LDPE) with different elastomers at a ratio of 50/50 wt% blends was prepared by using a co-rotating twin-screw extruder. Three kinds of elastomers were used: ground tire rubber (GTR), partially crosslinked butyl rubber (KalarVR ), and styrenebutadiene- rubber block copolymer (SBS; KratonVR ). For better characterization of interaction between polyethylene and elastomer, influence of the type of elastomer on...
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On low-fidelity models for variable-fidelity simulation-driven design optimization of compact wideband antennas
PublicationThe paper addresses simulation-driven design optimization of compact antennas involving variable-fidelity electromagnetic (EM) simulation models. Comprehensive investigations are carried out concerning selection of the coarse model discretization density. The effects of the low-fidelity model setup on the reliability and computational complexity of the optimization process are determined using a benchmark set of three ultra-wideband...
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Low-Cost Flight Simulator with Possibility of Modeling of Flight Controls Failures
PublicationThe goal of this paper is to present a development of a low cost flight simulator, that allows to simulate flight controls failures. Cessna 172 has been chosen as an example of a general aviation aircraft and the flight model has been implemented in Simulink. The model allows for easy integration of an experimental autopilot, using various strategies. Aerodynamic coefficients have been calculated using software called DATCOM. Such...
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Ladder-Based Synthesis and Design of Low-Frequency Buffer-Based CMOS Filters
PublicationBuffer-based CMOS filters are maximally simplified circuits containing as few transistors as possible. Their applications, among others, include nano to micro watt biomedical sensors that process physiological signals of frequencies from 0.01 Hz to about 3 kHz. The order of a buffer-based filter is not greater than two. Hence, to obtain higher-order filters, a cascade of second-order filters is constructed. In this paper, a more...
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Effect of bending-torsion on fracture and fatigue life for 18Ni300 steel specimens produced by SLM
PublicationIn this study, different fracture surfaces caused by fatigue failure were generated from 18Ni300 steel produced by selective laser melting (SLM). Hollow round bars with a transverse hole were tested under bending-torsion to investigate the crack initiation mechanisms and fatigue life. Next, the post-failure fracture surfaces were examined by optical profilometer and scanning electron microscope. The focus is placed on the relationship...
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Low-Voltage LDO Regulator Based on Native MOS Transistor with Improved PSR and Fast Response
PublicationIn this paper, a low-voltage low-dropout analog regulator (ALDO) based on a native n-channel MOS transistor is proposed. Application of the native transistor with the threshold voltage close to zero allows elimination of the charge pump in low-voltage regulators using the pass element in a common drain configuration. Such a native pass transistor configuration allows simplification of regulator design and improved performance,...
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Marine propeller shaft bearings under low-speed conditions: water vs. oil lubrication
PublicationThe bearings used in shipbuilding, hydropower, and water pumps have undergone a metamorphosis in recent decades. Because of environmental regulations, lubrication with grease or mineral oil is prohibited. Thus, the standard solutions include water-lubricated bearings with polymer bushings or sealed systems lubricated with oil. When properly designed, assembled, and operated, bearings can operate reliably for years. However, specific...
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Orientation effects on the fracture behaviour of additively manufactured stainless steel 316L subjected to high cyclic fatigue
PublicationIn this paper, stainless steel 316L (SS316L) bars were additively manufactured (AM) in three orientations (Z – vertical, XY – horizontal, ZX45 – midway between vertical and horizontal) by using the Laser Powder Bed Fusion Melting (LPBF-M) method. The AM specimens were subjected to load control fatigue testing under full tension and compression (R = -1) at stress amplitudes ±350, ±400 and ±450 MPa. The XY and ZX45 printing orientations...
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Voltage variations and their reduction in a rural low-voltage network with PV sources of energy
PublicationRenewable sources of energy (RES), especially photovoltaic (PV) micro-sources, are very popular in many countries. This way of clean power production is applied on a wide scale in Poland as well. The Polish legal regulations and tariffs specify that every prosumer in a low-voltage network may feed this network with a power not higher than the maximum declared consumed power. In power networks with RES, the voltage level changes...