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Search results for: EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT MODELLING
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A subdomain model for armature reaction field and open‐circuit field prediction in consequent pole permanent magnet machines
PublicationIn this paper, the machine quantity, such as electromagnetic torque, self and mutual inductances, and electromotive force, is analytically calculated for non-overlapping winding consequent pole slotted machine for open-circuit field and armature reaction. The sub-domain approach of (2-D) analytical model is developed using Maxwell's equations and divide the problem into slots, slot-openings, airgap and magnets region, the magnet...
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Selection of circuit geometry for miniaturized microwave components based on concurrent optimization of performance and layout area
PublicationThe paper presents a framework for automated EM-driven circuit geometry selection of miniaturized microwave components. Selection of a particular layout is based directly on miniaturization rates achieved for a set of candidate circuit geometries. Size reduction of the considered structures is obtained by replacing their main building blocks (i.e., conventional transmission lines) with slow-wave composite cells and meander lines....
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Magnetic and capacitive couplings influence on power losses in double circuit high voltage overhead transmission line
PublicationPurpose – The paper aims to discuss problems of power and energy losses in a double-circuit overhead transmission line. It was observed from energymeters’ readings, that in such a line, active power losses can be measured as “negative”. The “negative” active power losses appear when the active power injected to the circuit is lower than the active power received at the circuit end. The purpose of this paper is to explain this phenomenon. Theoretical...
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Prediction of Ship Resonant Rolling - Related Dangerous Zones with Regard to the Equivalent Metacentric Height Governing Natural Frequency of Roll
PublicationPotentially dangerous zones corresponding to dynamical stability phenomena, possibly encountered by ships sailing in rough sea, are estimated nowadays with the use of the method recommended by IMO in the guidance coded MSC.1/Circ.1228. In this IMO method the parameter governing the natural period of roll is the initial metacentric height. Some earlier studies revealed that the initial metacentric height...
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Thermal and Electrodynamic Risk of Residual Current Devices in the Case of Back-Up Protection by Overcurrent Circuit Breakers
PublicationResidual current operated circuit breakers without integral overcurrent protection should be back-up protected. As back-up protection devices, overcurrent circuit breakers are used. The maximum let-through energy and let-through current of the overcurrent devices were evaluated under laboratory conditions. The thermal and electrodynamic risk of residual current devices was analyzed.
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Calculation of Induced Sheath Voltages in Power Cables – Single Circuit System versus Double Circuit System
PublicationThis paper presents comparison of values of induced sheath voltages in power cable metallic sheaths when one or two cables per phase are used. Calculation of voltages is performed for various phase sequences of the power cables. Three types of the sheaths bonding and earthing are considered. Shock hazard and voltage stress of non-metallic outer sheath of cables are evaluated. The proposed, optimal configuration of the power cable...
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Mode choice modelling for urban areas
PublicationThe article presents the question of mode choice modelling in a four-stage travel modelling process. The article indicates limitations of currently used simplified methods of mode choice modelling and presents the possibility of using a more detailed approach that accounts for additional, statistically significant factors with the use of advanced mathematical tools, discrete choice models. A need has also been identified to include...
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Simplified Distribution Grid Modelling for Connection Analyses
PublicationThis paper considers the modelling of medium and low voltage grids for the purpose of connection studies by distribution grid operators. Possible simplifications in grid modelling are discussed, which are acceptable from the viewpoint of the final result. The main driver of the modelling simplification is the MS Excel environment used as the computation platform, and the limitation of time for grid modelling.
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PHYSICAL MODELLING OF GEOTECHNICAL STRUCTURES IN PORTS AND OFFSHORE
PublicationThe physical modelling of subsoil behaviour and soil-structure interaction is essential for the proper design of offshore structures and port infrastructure. A brief introduction to such modelling of geoengineering problems is presented and some methods and experimental devices are described. The relationships between modelling scales are given. Some examples of penetration testing results in centrifuge and calibration chamber...
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Equivalent spice circuits with guaranteed passivity from nonpassive models
PublicationW artykule przedstawiona została nowa technika wymuszania pasywności schematów zastępczych. Opracowana technika pozwala na konstrukcję schematów zastępczych bardzo złożonych układów, oraz pozwala na wymuszenie pasywności modelu tworzonego na podstawie danych niepasywnych.
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Fracture prediction in flat PMMA notched specimens under tension - effectiveness of the equivalent material concept and fictitious material concept
PublicationThe fracture of notched elements under mode I loading (tension) remains an inexhaustible research topic, especially when it comes to the fracture of thermoplastic materials such as polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), which experience considerable plastic strains under tension. The paper points out that traditional brittle fracture criteria such as mean stress (MS) or maximum tangential stress (MTS) criteria used to predict this phenomenon do...
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A measurement method for lossy capacitive relative humidity sensors based on a direct sensor-to-microcontroller interface circuit
PublicationA new time-domain measurement method for determining the capacitance and resistance values of lossy relative humidity capacitive sensors is presented. The method is based on a direct sensor-to-microcontroller interface for microcontrollers with internal analog comparators and timers. The interface circuit consists only of four reference resistors (two reference resistors if a microcontroller includes a voltage reference source),...
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DIGITAL HYDRAULICS CIRCUIT BASED ON PWM FUNCTION FOR CONTROLLING HYDRAULIC ACTUATOR POSITION
PublicationHydraulic systems are used in many different industries, such as multi-source hydrostatic drive systems. In traditional hydraulic systems, a proportional servo valve is used to control the position of hydraulic actuators. The low energy efficiency and high cost of these control valves are two major problems with these systems. Digital hydraulics is one of the most unique ideas on how to solve these problems. Researchers like digital...
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A metrological analysis of the input circuit of an impedance meter.
PublicationW pracy przeprowadzono analizę obwodu wejściowego miernika impedancji W analizie obwodu wejściowego, uwzględniono najważniejsze czynniki wpływające na sygnały na jego wejściu: parametry zmiennoprądowe zastosowanych wzmacniaczy, rezystancję zakresową przetwornika prąd-napięcie, pojemności montażowe. Przeprowadzono symulację sygnałów wydzielanych w obwodzie dla różnych wartości pojemności pasożytniczych, następnie dokonano badań...
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Application of Closed Circuit Television for Highway Telematics
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Blood equivalent phantom vs whole human blood, a comparative study
PublicationPreclinical research of biomedical optoelectronic devices is often performed with the use of blood phantoms — a simpli¯ed physical model of blood. The aim of this study is the comparison and distinction between blood phantoms as well as whole human blood measurements. We show how the use of such phantoms may in°uence the incorrect interpretation of measured signal. On the other hand, we highlight how the use of blood phantoms enables...
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Method of Skeletal System Modelling
PublicationAn original method of skeletal system modelling is presented in detail. Using DICOM images obtained from CT and PET tests, shell models of nine bones were created (humerus, radius, ulna, scapula, clavicle, femur, tibia, fibula, pelvis). Two methods of bone behaviour are also proposed, the first method treating the bone as a solid structure and the second method treating the bone as a complex porous structure. The behaviour of model...
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Secondary arc modelling for single pole reclosing analyses
PublicationThe paper discusses two evaluation methods of single pole auto-reclosing process effectiveness in HV transmission lines. Secondary arc current and recovery voltage calculation results obtained by load flow calculation are compared to the results obtained by the time domain simulations. Moreover, a nonlinear secondary arc model implementation is presented. The paper presents the study results for the three types of EHV transmission...
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Magnetic and capacitive couplings influence on power and energy measurement in double circuit high voltage overhead transmission line
PublicationThe paper discusses influence of magnetic and capacitive couplings on power and energy measurement in case of double circuit high voltage overhead transmission line. There are presented and discussed various factors influencing the power flow among the line‟s circuits. Mathematical model based calculations results are compared to the real transmission line measurements.
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Port-Based Modelling of Distributed-Lumped Parameter Systems
PublicationThere in the paper is presented an uniform, port-based approach to modelling of both lumped and distributed parameter systems. Port-based model of the distributed system has been defined by application of bond graph methodology and distributed transfer function method (DTFM). The approach proposed combines versatility of port-based modelling and accuracy of distributed transfer function method. The concise representation of lumped-distributed...
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A comprehensive approach to double inverted pendulum modelling
PublicationThe problem of mathematical modelling and indication of properties of a DIP has been investigated in this paper. The aim of this work is to aggregate the knowledge on a DIP modelling using the Euler-Lagrange formalism in the presence of external forces and friction. To indicate the main properties important for simulation, model parameters identification and control system synthesis, analytical and numerical tools have been used....
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A novel dual-band rectifier circuit with enhanced bandwidth for RF energy harvesting applications
PublicationIn recent years, a rapid development of low-power sensor networks, enabling machine-to-machine communication in applications such as environmental monitoring, has been observed. Contemporary sensors are normally supplied by an external power source, typically in a form of a battery, which limits their lifespan and increases the maintenance costs. This problem can be addressed by harvesting and converting ambient RF energy into...
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Modelling of pipes conveying flowing liquid
PublicationThe paper introduces the method of modal reduction of system which consists of pipe with flowing liquid. The concept of hybrid model is proposed. The system model consists of two parts, the modal model and the finite elements model. The modal model represents linear, self-adjoined part of the system, while simple lumped technique is applied for modelling of Coriolis phenomena.
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Modelling of Geared Multi-Rotor System
PublicationIn the paper the method of modelling a speed-varying geared rotor system is presented. The proposed approach enables us to obtain an accurate low-order lumped parameter representation of the investigated system. The final model consists of reduced modal models of an undamped beam/torsional shaft system as well as a spatially lumped model of other linear and nonlinear phenomena including gear mesh interaction.
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Modelling a 6-dof manipulator using Matlab software
PublicationThis paper presents an alternative approach to modelling a revolute robot. The manipulator in question is Kuka KR 16-2. The main problem in robot modelling is a kinematic analysis. The revolute robot consist of six rotary joints (6-DOF) with base, shoulder, elbow and wirst. The kinematics problem is defined as a transformation from the cartesian space to the joint space. The Denavit- Hartenberg (D-H) model of representation was...
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Modelling of Mechatronic Systems with Distributed Parameter Components
PublicationThe paper presents an uniform, port-based approach to modelling of both lumped and distributed parameter systems. Port-based model of distributed system has been defined by application of the bond graph methodology and the distributed transfer function method (DTFM). The proposed method of modelling enables to formulate input data for computer analysis by application of the DTFM. The computational package for the analysis of complex...
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A measurement method for capacitive sensors based on a versatile direct sensor-to-microcontroller interface circuit
PublicationIn the paper, there is presented a new time-domain measurement method for determining the capacitance values of capacitive sensors, dedicated, among others, to capacitive relative humidity sensors. The method is based on a versatile direct sensor-to-microcontroller interface for microcontrollers with internal analog comparators (ACs) and with precision voltage reference sources, e.g. digital-to-analog converters (DACs). The reference...
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Experimental studies of circuit breaker drives and mechanisms diagnostics
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Gate Driver with Overcurrent Protection Circuit for GaN Transistors
PublicationThe improvement of the gate driver for GaN transistor is presented in this paper. The proposed topology contains the overcurrent protectionwith the two-stage turning off and independent control of turn on and off time of the GaN transistor. The operation of driver and its application in thehalf-bridge converter are described using both simulation and prototype measurements. The overcurrent protection was tested in Double Pulse...
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Selected problems of decision making modelling in power engineering
PublicationThe paper presents the selected problems of decision making modelling in power engineering specially investment risk evaluation methods. The proposed model can be used in the range programming the development and investing process in power engineering. Decision making problems in power engineering and the evaluation of investment effectiveness in particular are closely related to modelling which relatively accurately reflects...
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Modelling of power electronic compensators for the analysis of power system operation
PublicationThe article presents selected methods of modelling power electronic compensators in order to analyze their operation in the power systems. Advantages and disadvantages of models have been shown with an indication of their usefulness for modelling specific phenomena.
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Modeling of Electrodynamic Phenomena in an Ultra-Rapid Inductive–Dynamic Actuator as Applied to Hybrid Short-Circuit Breakers - A Review Study
PublicationThis article is a study of the research development of electrodynamic phenomena occurring in ultra-fast electrodynamic drives. These types of linear drives are among the fastest, not only because of the huge accelerations achieved, but, above all, because of the extremely short reaction time. For this reason, electrodynamic drives are used in hybrid short-circuit breakers. The phenomena occurring in this type of drive are actually...
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A DISCRETE-CONTINUOUS METHOD OF MECHANICAL SYSTEM MODELLING
PublicationThe paper describes a discrete-continuous method of dynamic system modelling. The presented approach is hybrid in its nature, as it combines the advantages of spatial discretization methods with those of continuous system modelling methods. In the proposed method, a three-dimensional system is discretised in two directions only, with the third direction remaining continuous. The thus obtained discrete-continuous model is described...
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Mathematical modelling and computer simulation of activated sludge systems.Second edition
PublicationMathematical Modelling and Computer Simulation of Activated Sludge Systems – Second Edition, provides, from the process engineering perspective, a comprehensive and up-to-date overview regarding various aspects of the mechanistic (“white box”) modelling and simulation of advanced activated sludge systems performing biological nutrient removal. In the new edition of the book, a special focus is given to nitrogen removal and an overview...
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Conducted emi identification in power electronic converters : modeling of EMI generation and propagation using circuit simulation and wiener filtering methods.
PublicationThis work presents the circuit simulations and the conventional signal processing technique (Wiener filtering) in order to reconstruct conducted ElectroMagnetic Interferences (EMI), generated and propagated in power electronics converters. In the simulation study, the most accurate presently available models of components of circuit have been used and improved. The proposed Wiener filtering method allows to identifying the transfer...
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Advances in Modelling and Analysis of Strength of Corroded Ship Structures
PublicationThe present study reviews the recent advances in modelling and analyses the strength of corroded ship structures. Firstly, the time-variant methodologies that consider only the mean structural element thickness loss due to corrosion degradation are identified. Corrosion degradation is regarded as the phenomenon that causes uneven thinning of specimens. This has been captured by various researchers as the loss of mechanical properties...
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A comprehensive approach to SBR modelling for monitoring and control system design
PublicationThe aim of this research is to provide a comprehensive description of the Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) modelling for monitoring, control, and plant operational optimisation validation. The paper provides a detailed modelling of the SBR, its components and constituent processes. For this purpose, the mass balance principle and continuity equations were provided with a reactive term implemented using Activated Sludge Model (ASM)....
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Numerical Modelling of Structures with Uncertainties
PublicationThe nature of environmental interactions, as well as large dimensions and complex structure of marine offshore objects, make designing, building and operation of these objects a great challenge. This is the reason why a vast majority of investment cases of this type include structural analysis, performed using scaled laboratory models and complemented by extended computer simulations. The present paper focuses on FEM modelling...
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Modelling of blood flow: from macro to microscales
PublicationThe aim of this paper it to review various scale approaches to blood flow modelling. Blood motion may be described by three types of mathematical models according to the observed scales or resolutions, namely microscopic, mesoscopic and macroscopic description. The above approaches are discussed together with their advantages and disadvantages. Several results of mesoscopic simulations are presented.
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Transient States during Short-circuit in a Line Powered by UPS and its Impact on Earth Fault Loop Impedance Measurement and Power Quality
PublicationThe short-circuit in a line powered by Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) during different UPS operation modes is presented in the article. The transient state condition related to the short-circuit in a line fed from double conversion On-line UPS is discussed in detail. The results of the measurements of earth fault loop impedance (FLI) in circuits powered by UPS with the instruments of various manufacturers are presented. The...
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Knowledge-Grid Modelling for Academic Purposes
PublicationNowadays, we face a huge amount of data and information sharing on the Web by different users worldwide. A multidimensional perspective in describing a university ontology seems to be very important for the modelling of higher education resources. This paper proposes a multi-dimensional knowledge model, designed to distribute and manage knowledge resources efficiently. We propose our model as the foundation of an advanced knowledge...
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Analysis of EN 1993-1-6 guidelines about determining amplitudes of equivalent imperfections of steel cylindrical shells subjected to uniform external pressure
PublicationCivil engineering structures should be designed with reference to relevant standards. One of them is a Eurocode 3 standard EN 1993-1-6:2007: Design of steel structures Part 1-6: Strength and Stability of Shell Structures. According to this standard, the value of buckling load can be determined using different approaches: classical hand calculations (stress design) and geometrical and material non-linear analysis of an imperfect...
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The modelling method of discrete-continuous systems
PublicationThe paper introduces a method of discrete-continuous systems modelling. In the proposed method a three-dimensional system is divided into finite elements in only two directions, with the third direction remaining continuous. The thus obtained discrete-continuous model is described by a set of partial differential equations. General difference equations of discrete system are obtained using the rigid finite element method. The limit...
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Practical aspects of testing superconducting electromagnets by the capacitor discharge method taking into account the non-linearity of circuit parameters
PublicationThe article presents selected issues related to the development and testing of the diagnostics systems dedicated for superconducting electromagnets. The systems were constructed to assess the production quality of superconducting electromagnets of the SIS100 synchrotron, a new accelerator being built as part of the Facility of Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR). One of the systems is used for automatic checking of electrical connection...
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Modelling of heat transfer in supercritical pressure recuperators
PublicationIn the paper presented is analysis of convective flow heat transfer at supercritical pressure in channels of heat exchanger working in the thermodynamic cycle. The modelling is based on the division of the flow into three regions, namely the heavy fluid, a two phase flow consisting of the heavy and light fluids and finally the light fluid flow. Modelling is concentrated on the region of simultaneous flow of two fluids divided into...
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Business Process Modelling and Enterprise Improvement Analysis
PublicationThe main trends in developing an approach and tools for business process modelling are discussed. Business Process Management (BPM) and BPM Notation (BPMN) are presented. Moreover, the possibilities of C2NIWA in a wide range of these tools running on a supercomputer are suggested. Firstly, the company development strategy can be planned . Secondly, quick and flexible changes of its processes can be modelled, analysed and implemented....
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Numerical modelling of 3D printout using line (1D) elements
PublicationA proposition of some numerical modelling of the 3D printout is presented in the paper. The proposed model is composed of some 1D elements. The resulting numerical model of the infill consist of beam, spring and rigid elements. Obtained results confirm correctness of the proposed modelling method. Two methods of estimation of the spring parameters are proposed in the paper. In the first method, mechanical properties of the connecting...
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Spatial Modelling in Environmental Analysis and Civil Engineering
PublicationAs can be seen, Spatial Modelling in Environmental Analysis and Civil Engineering applies to a multitude of applications. In an attempt to bring the topic closer to potential readers, the special issue referred to security methods, optimization of calculations, conducting measurements and empirical tests. Each article has made an original contribution to the development of practical science that can be replicated by researchers...
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Equivalent axle load factors for design of rigid pavements derived from fatigue criteria
PublicationArtykuł przedstawia określenie współczynników równoważności osi dla nawierzchni sztywnych na podstawie kryteriów zmęczeniowych stosowanych w mechanistyczno-empirycznej metodzie projektowania nawierzchni drogowych. Przedstawiono kryteria zmęczeniowe z wybranych metod projektowania i analizy nawierzchni sztywnych. Kryteria te zostały użyte do wyprowadzenia wzorów do obliczania współczynników równoważności obciążenia osi. Stwierdzono,...
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Expression of molecular equivalent of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis in adult retinal pigment epithelium
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