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Search results for: traffic engineering
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Analysis of the relationship between the length of eye fixation and the parameters of advertisements visible from the road
PublicationIn Poland, many advertising signs addressed to motorists are located along the roadside. Advertisements do not serve any traffic related purpose and can distract drivers making them less reliable and as a consequence, reduce road safety. The existing regulations only apply to the carriageway. The research is conducted as part of the RID project. The objective of the RID project is to create a "Manual for positioning roadside advertising...
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Optimization of Train Energy Cooperation Using Scheduled Service Time Reserve
PublicationThe main aim of the paper was to develop an innovative approach to the preliminary estimation possibility of train energy cooperation based on data from timetables, without traction calculations. The article points out the need to strive for sustainable and environmentally friendly transport. It was pointed out that rail transport using electric traction is one of the more ecological branches of transport. It also offers a number...
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Comparison of pavement noise properties on selected road sections using different CPX measuring systems: self-powered vehicle and special test trailer
PublicationThe recently published ISO standard intended to measure the noise properties of road surfaces in a standardized method (ISO 11819-2:2017) precisely defines measurement procedure of the influence of road surface on traffic noise. According to it, two types of test vehicles may be utilized: a self-powered vehicle fitted with one or more test tyres and a trailer towed by a separate vehicle with one or more test tyres mounted on the...
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Biological hazards in low noise, poroelastic road surfaces
PublicationDrainage pavements as well as poroelastic pavements ("PERS") are a very efficient way to decrease traffic noise by reducing tire/road noise at the source as well as noise propagation over the road surface. Many noise generating mechanisms at the tire/road interface are very much reduced by road porosity (pipe resonance, "air pumping", Helmholtz resonance and the horn effect). A well-designed porous or poroelastic road surface may...
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Human awareness versus Autonomous Vehicles view: comparison of reaction times during emergencies
PublicationHuman safety is one of the most critical factors when a new technology is introduced to the everyday use. It was no different in the case of Autonomous Vehicles (AV), designed to replace generally available Conventional Vehicles (CV) in the future. AV rules, from the start, focus on guaranteeing safety for passengers and other road users, and these assumptions usually work during normal traffic conditions. However, there is still...
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Urban scene semantic segmentation using the U-Net model
PublicationVision-based semantic segmentation of complex urban street scenes is a very important function during autonomous driving (AD), which will become an important technology in industrialized countries in the near future. Today, advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) improve traffic safety thanks to the application of solutions that enable detecting objects, recognising road signs, segmenting the road, etc. The basis for these functionalities...
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Hardware-Software Implementation of a Sensor Network for CityTraffic Monitoring Using the FPGA- and ASIC-Based Sensor Nodes
PublicationArtykuł opisuje prototypową sieć sensorową do monitorowania ruchu pojazdów w mieście. Węzły sieci sensorowej, wyposażone w kamerę o niskiej rozdzielczości, obserwują ulice i wykrywają poruszające się obiekty. Detekcja obiektów jest realizowana w oparciu o własny algorytm segmentacji obrazów, wykorzystujący podwójne odejmowanie tła, wykrywanie krawędzi i cieni, działający na dedykowanym systemie mikroelektronicznym typu ''System...
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Analysis of IMS/NGN Call Processing Performance Using Phase-Type Distributions Based on Experimental Histograms
PublicationThe paper describes our further research done with the proposed analytical and simulation traffic models of the Next Generation Network (NGN), which is standardized for delivering multimedia services with strict quality and includes elements of the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS). The aim of our models of a single IMS/NGN domain is to evaluate two standardized call processing performance parameters, which appropriate values are very...
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Impact of overloaded vehicles on load equivalency factors and service period of flexible pavements
PublicationOverloaded vehicles occur less frequently in comparison to properly loaded vehicles but due to their greater potential to cause damage they significantly contribute to the distress of pavement structure. As the studies show, the phenomena of vehicles overloading intensifies when the control of traffic is poor and the average percentage of overloaded vehicles on analyzed roads varies from 6% to 23%. The main goal of the ar-ticle...
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Potential reduction of traffic noise by the means of increased fleet of electric vehicles using a combination of low-noise tyres and low-noise road surfaces
PublicationIn the future, the number of zero-emission vehicles like electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles (in electric mode) is expected to be a substantial part of the vehicle fleet. In Norway, such vehicles already account for approximately 20 % of all new cars sold. Since these vehicles emit negligible noise related to the power-train, the tyre/road noise is the dominating noise source. In the LEO project, tyres designed for such cars have...
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DETERMINATION OF OBJECTIVES FOR URBAN FREIGHT POLICY
PublicationBackground: Decisions regarding strategic planning of urban freight transport very often are based on superficial assumptions inadequately reflecting the actual character of encountered challenges. The trend may be observed to adapt isolated solutions without supporting measures and verification of expected outcomes. Selected urban freight solutions have a significant potential to alleviate transport related problems, but they...
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Disaster Resilience of Optical Networks: State of the Art, Challenges, and Opportunities
PublicationFor several decades, optical networks, due to their high capacity and long-distance transmission range, have been used as the major communication technology to serve network traffic, especially in the core and metro segments of communication networks. Unfortunately, our society has often experienced how the correct functioning of these critical infrastructures can be substantially hindered by massive failures triggered by natural...
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Social media for e-learning of citizens in smart city
PublicationThe rapid development of social media can be applied for citizens’ e-learning in a smart city. Big cities have to cope with several open issues like a growing population or a traffic congestion. Especially, a home and public space is supposed to be used in more efficient way. Sustainable homes and buildings can be planned with using some modern techniques. Even currently, there is a huge problem with a lack of key resources like...
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Pedestrian detection in low-resolution thermal images
PublicationOver one million people die in car accidents worldwide each year. A solution that will be able to reduce situations in which pedestrian safety is at risk has been sought for a long time. One of the techniques for detecting pedestrians on the road is the use of artificial intelligence in connection with thermal imaging. The purpose of this work was to design a system to assist the safety of people and car intelligence with the use...
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Determinants and effects of Poland’s road accidents in the context of the 2030 agenda for sustainable development – poviat level analysis for the years 2010-2019
PublicationThe objective of the research was to assess how selected factors influence road safety in Poland’s poviats. To that end, an analysis was conducted of road accident determinants and effects in the poviats in the years 2010-2019. The time horizon fits in with Goal 3.6. of Agenda 2030, which is to halve the number of global deaths and injuries from road traffic accidents by 2020. The article pres-ents the analysis results for the...
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LS-DYNA simulations of the impacts of a 38-ton Heavy Goods Vehicle into a road cable barrier
PublicationNowadays, more and more attention is being paid to safety on roads and motorways. It is due to the continuous development of road and motorway network and a significant increase of the number of vehicles on roads. To meet the expectations of improving road safety in Poland, the Road Innovations Development (RID) research programme was implemented in 2016. The aim of the RID 3A - Road Safety Equipment (RoSE) project is a comprehensive...
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Dynamic coloring of graphs
PublicationDynamics is an inherent feature of many real life systems so it is natural to define and investigate the properties of models that reflect their dynamic nature. Dynamic graph colorings can be naturally applied in system modeling, e.g. for scheduling threads of parallel programs, time sharing in wireless networks, session scheduling in high-speed LAN's, channel assignment in WDM optical networks as well as traffic scheduling. In...
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INFLUENCE OF TEST CONDITIONS ON TYRE/ROAD NOISE MEASURED BY THE DRUM METHOD
PublicationTyre/road noise is one of the most important environmental problems related to road traffic. Nowadays a few standard procedures of tyre/road noise measurements are in use. Unfortunately, measurement conditions specified within relevant standards are very different. For example, procedure described in ISO 11819-2 used for pavement investigations requires tyre load of 3200 N and capped inflation pressure of 200 kPa. At the same time...
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Simulator for Performance Evaluation of ASON/GMPLS Network
PublicationThe hierarchical control plane network architecture of Automatically Switched Optical Network with utilization of Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching protocols is compliant to next generation networks requirements and can supply connections with required quality of service, even with incomplete domain information. Considering connection control, connection management and network management, the controllers of this architecture...
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Development of a simulation model of the activities of a transport and forwarding enterprise in the organization of international road cargo transportation
PublicationThe object of this study is the process of planning the work of a transport and forwarding company when serving different categories of customers who need organizational support for the delivery of goods by road transport in international traffic. The solved problem is due to the need to devise recommendations for organizing the work of forwarders when interacting with customers of transport and forwarding services that export...
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Construction of a simulation model of goods delivery in international road transportation taking into account the functioning efficiency of logistics supply chain
PublicationThe object of this study is the process of goods delivery in international road transport using various types of logistics chains. The problem being solved is due to the need to develop recommendations for exporters of goods to reformat or design new supply chains during wartime. The expediency of organizing foreign trade operations by the cargo owners' own forces or with the involvement of enterprises providing logistics consulting...
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Advanced Bayesian study on inland navigational risk of remotely controlled autonomous ship
PublicationThe arise of autonomous ships has necessitated the development of new risk assessment techniques and methods. This study proposes a new framework for navigational risk assessment of remotely controlled Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS). This framework establishes a set of risk influencing factors affecting safety of navigation of a remotely-controlled MASS. Next, model parameters are defined based on the risk factors, and...
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Technical and Economic Analysis of the Implementation of Selected Variants of Road Investment
PublicationThe aim of the article is to analyze three variants of modernization and reconstruction of a road intersection, which in practice is the cause of numerous collisions and accidents. Detailed design solutions are presented for them. The aim of the analyses is to indicate an effective solution that, taking into account technical modifications of the road system elements, will ensure the functionality of the road system to the highest...
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Investigation into MPI All-Reduce Performance in a Distributed Cluster with Consideration of Imbalanced Process Arrival Patterns
PublicationThe paper presents an evaluation of all-reduce collective MPI algorithms for an environment based on a geographically-distributed compute cluster. The testbed was split into two sites: CI TASK in Gdansk University of Technology and ICM in University of Warsaw, located about 300 km from each other, both connected by a fast optical fiber Ethernet-based 100 Gbps network (900 km part of the PIONIER backbone). Each site hosted a set...
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Reduction of exceeding the guaranteed service time for external trucks at the DCT Gdańsk container terminal using a six sigma framework
PublicationPurpose The purpose of this research was to investigate ways to reduce the average amount of exceeded guaranteed service time for external trucks at Deepwater Container Terminal Gdańsk Sp z o.o. (DCT Gdańsk) via dosing the gate activities, in particular IN-Gate entry process of trucks carrying import/export/transit containers. Design/methodology/approach A Six Sigma methodology with the DMAIC methods along with the SIPOC chart,...
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Blood concentrations of a new psychoactive substance 4-chloromethcathinone (4-CMC) determined in 15 forensic cases
PublicationPurpose: The 4-chloromethcathinone (4-CMC) is a synthetic derivative of cathinone and belongs to new psychoactive substances. Neither data on the effects of 4-CMC on the human body, nor on nontoxic, toxic and lethal concentrations in biological materials have been published in the literature. This paper describes the results of an analysis of the blood concentrations of 4-CMC determined in 15 forensic cases related to nonfatal...
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Calibration of acoustic vector sensor based on MEMS microphones for DOA estimation
PublicationA procedure of calibration of a custom 3D acoustic vector sensor (AVS) for the purpose of direction of arrival (DoA) estimation, is presented and validated in the paper. AVS devices working on a p-p principle may be constructed from standard pressure sensors and a signal processing system. However, in order to ensure accurate DoA estimation, each sensor needs to be calibrated. The proposed algorithm divides the calibration process...
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Non-Satellite Broadband Maritime Communications for e-Navigation Services
PublicationThe development of broadband network access technologies available to users on land has triggered a rapid expansion of a diverse range of services provided by terrestrial networks. However, due to limitations of digital communication technologies in the off-shore area, the maritime ICT systems evolution so far has not followed that trend. Despite the e-navigation initiative defining the set of Maritime Services, the progress in...
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Determination of Vehicles Load Equivalency Factors for Polish Catalogue of Typical Flexible and Semi-rigid Pavement Structures
PublicationThe new Polish Catalog of Typical Flexible and Semi-rigid Pavement Structures was introduced to use in practice in 2014. Much of works were focused on actualization of vehicles load equivalency factors. For this purpose data delivered from weigh-inmotion were analyzed. Four methods of determination of load equivalency factors for pavement structure design were compared. The analysis showed that fourth power equation, AASHTO 1993...
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EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF NON-PHYSICAL SPEED MANAGEMENT MEASURES
PublicationThe subject of the Authors' analyses is a group of non-physical speed management measures. How effective they are depends primarily on how willing drivers are to accept restrictions. Social and cultural factors play a major role. The effectiveness of these measures is not clear and requires further research. The authors conducted such research and evaluated the effects of nonphysical speed management measures on driver behaviour...
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Effect of Overloaded Vehicles on Whole Life Cycle Cost of Flexible Pavements
PublicationThe phenomenon of vehicle overloading—illegal exceeding of maximum legal weight of vehicles, is a serious problem both in developing and developed countries around the world. Overloaded vehicles occur less frequently in comparison to properly loaded vehicles but due to their greater potential to cause damage they significantly contribute to distress of pavement structure. As studies show, the number of overloaded vehicles increases...
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The rigid and flexible road pavements in terms of life cycle costs
PublicationThe cost of road pavement construction, its durability and reliability depends on many factors, including: the scope and detail of the technical design, quality of work but also the scope of works related to its maintenance, conservation and operation. Determining the amount of rational expenses, in terms of the life cycle cost of the pavement, requires determination and consideration of the above issues, already at the planning...
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Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans: implementation process and indicators to evaluate effects on physical activity
PublicationBackground: Active mobility and public transport increase physical activity (PA) levels. With varying intensity and effectiveness, European cities implement Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (SUMPs) to spur transport-related PA. Therefore, we aim to examine drivers and barriers to SUMP implementation and assess its influence on PA across European cities. Methods: We screened policy reports to gain insights into SUMP implementation...
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Magnetic signature reproduction of ferromagnetic ships at arbitrary geographical position, direction and depth using a multi-dipole model
PublicationThe reproduction of magnetic signatures is an important issue concerning the safety of ship traffic, as well as the identification and classification of vessels. Moreover, military applications of magnetic signatures and their reproduction refer to the activation or protection against activation of magnetic naval mines. Previous works on this subject focused on recording and replicating the signatures under the same conditions...
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Service and Path Discovery Extensions for Self-forming IEEE 802.11s Wireless Mesh Systems
PublicationWith the rapid growth of the quantity and capabilities of end-user electronic devices, both stationary and mobile, they are employed in increasing number of applications. In this situation, wireless network technologies begin to play a crucial role as networks access technologies, as cable-based solutions tend to be of limited utility in case of easily portable or mobile devices. Resulting development of wireless technologies reached...
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Interworking and Cross-layer Service Discovery Extensions for IEEEE802.11s Wireless Mesh Standard
PublicationWith the rapid popularization of mobile end-user electronic devices wireless network technologies begin to play a crucial role as networks access technologies. While classic point-to-multipoint wireless access systems, based on fixed infrastructure of base stations providing access to clients, remain the main most popular solution, an increasing attention is devoted to wireless mesh systems, where each connecting client can extend...
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Decreasing CO2 Emissions By Reducing Tire Rolling Resistance
PublicationThe first motor vehicle was built by Nicolas Cugnot almost 250 years ago and since then there has been a continuous process of motor vehicles’ improvements, as well as development of new road pavements. The fuel crisis of the 70s of the 20th century made it clear to vehicle builders that measures should be taken to reduce vehicle fuel consumption and it contributed to an increased interest in electric vehicles. Although significant...
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Dew Formation and Chemistry Near a Motorway in Poland
PublicationIn this study, the influence of traffic intensity on dewformation efficiency and chemistry is presented. The measurementswere conducted near the A4 motorway in SW Poland in almost flatland relief with intense agricultural activity. The dew/hoarfrost wascollected by means of insulated plain passive radiative condensersat three sites: AN and AS located in the close vicinity of themotorway (30 m) on the opposite sides of the road,...
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Surface water quality assessment by the use of combination of multivariate statistical classification and expert information
PublicationThe present study deals with the assessment of surface water quality from an industrial-urban region located in northern Poland near to the city of Gdansk. Concentrations of thirteen chemicals includingtotal polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), halogenated volatile organic compounds (HVOCs) and major ions in the samples collected at five sampling points during six campaigns were used as variablesthroughout the study. The originality...
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The effects of urban vehicle traffic on heavy metal contamination in road sweeping waste and bottom sediments of retention tanks
PublicationDiffuse pollution formed during a surface runoff on paved surfaces is a source of heavy metals (HMs) of various origin. This research study indicates the connection between bottom sediments of retention tanks located on urban streams and road sweeping wastes (RSW) that migrate during surface runoff to the stormwater drainage systems with discharge to the retention tanks. Moreover, we test the primary sources of HMs in RSW by analysing...
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Injury Prediction Models for Onshore Road Network Development
PublicationIntegrating different modes of transport (road, rail, air and water) is important for port cities. To accommodate this need, new transport hubs must be built such as airports or sea ports. If ports are to grow, they must be accessible, a feature which is best achieved by building new roads, including fast roads. Poland must develop a network of fast roads that will provide good access to ports. What is equally important is to upgrade...
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Vehicle detector training with minimal supervision
PublicationRecently many efficient object detectors based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) have been developed and they achieved impressive performance on many computer vision tasks. However, in order to achieve practical results, CNNs require really large annotated datasets for training. While many such databases are available, many of them can only be used for research purposes. Also some problems exist where such datasets are not...
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Wpływ barier ochronnych na poziom bezpieczeństwa ruchu drogowego
PublicationWypadki drogowe wciąż stanowią znaczną przyczynę zgonów, dlatego bardzo ważnym jest odpowiednie kształtowanie otoczenia drogi – by mogło ono uzyskać miano „wybaczającego”. Artykuł stanowi wprowadzenie do tematyki drogowych barier ochronnych, i jest częścią pracy dyplomowej realizowanej na Politechnice Gdańskiej, w ramach której autorzy analizują zależności pomiędzy wypadkami a omawianymi urządzeniami BRD. W artykule przedstawiono...
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Research on the Use of Mobile Devices and Headphones on Pedestrian Crossings—Pilot Case Study from Slovakia
PublicationThe topic of the use of mobile devices and headphones on pedestrian crossings is much less explored in comparison to the use of the mobile phone while driving. Recent years have seen many discussions on this issue, especially in foreign countries. The Slovak Republic, however, has not been giving it enough attention (and it is not mentioned in the National Road Safety Plan for the Slovak Republic from 2011 to 2020). This paper...
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NEIGHBOURHOOD SPORT AS A TOOL OF URBAN REGENERATION - A WARSAW CASE STUDY
PublicationThere are many connections between sport and urban regeneration. They can be observed while organizing top-down projects, such as sporting mega-events. But sport and urban renewal can also be linked within bottom-up sport initiatives, ones that relate mostly to physical recreation or sport for all. The main goals of physical activity is caring for health, improving fitness, practicing hobbies, and achieving social integration....
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Modelling of Asphalt Mixes under Long Time Creep at Low Temperatures
PublicationProper description of asphalt mixtures behavior under long time load is one of the most important factors in analyses of strain and stress relations at low temperatures both from traffic and environmental loads. For example different models of thermal stress accumulation require different approaches of description of asphalt concrete. But in all cases it is required to describe its behavior under long time loading, which in some...
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Experimental validation of the rolling resistance measurement method including updated draft standard
PublicationThe main objective of ROSANNE is the harmonisation and standardisation of the measurement of skid resistance, noise emission and rolling resistance of road pavements. Regarding rolling resistance characterisation, a draft for standardization of a harmonized procedure for classification of road surfaces across Europe has been prepared within WP3 (deliverable 3.5). The procedure deals with the direct measurement on real roads of...
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5G Millimeter Wave Network Optimization: Dual Connectivity and Power Allocation Strategy
PublicationThe fifth generation (5G) of mobile networks utilizing millimeter Wave (mmWave) bands can be considered the leading player in meeting the continuously increasing hunger of the end user demands in the near future. However, 5G networks are characterized by high power consumption, which poses a significant challenge to the efficient management of base stations (BSs) and user association. Implementing new power consumption and user...
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A New Heuristic Algorithm for Effective Preemption in MPLS Networks
PublicationW artykule opisano nowy algorytm wywłaszczania przeznaczony dla sieci MPLS. Umożliwia on alokację zasobów sieci dla nowej ścieżki uwzględniając koszt usuniętych jednej lub wielu istniejących już ścieżek. Proponowany heurystyczny algorytm wybiera ścieżki do wywłaszczenia wykorzystując informację o topologii sieci. Używa funkcji optymalizacji minimalizującej stratę pasma na poziomie sieci. Przedstawiono i omówiono wyniki badań symulacyjnych...
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Człowiek i jego samochód - relacje w strukturach mieszkaniowych w warunkach zrównoważonego rozwoju. Zapis refleksji
PublicationJakość środowiska zbudowanego - przekształcanego i tworzonego dla coraz liczniejszych pokoleń mieszkańców jest przedmiotem wieloletniej i narastającej dyskusji zawodowej środowiska architektonicznego.Ludzka potrzeba samorealizacji poprzez codzienną aktywność, działalność zawodową, przyjmowane role społeczne wpływa na kształtowanie indywidualnych modeli codzienności miejskiej, na decyzje o wyborach miejsca zamieszkania, miejsca...