Search results for: THERMAL FIELD
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Determination of t8/5 cooling times for underwater local dry welding of steel
PublicationKnowledge of thermal history is the basic condition for studying the structure - properties of welded joints. The determinant of thermal history is the thermal cycle, whose in-situ measurements are still a big challenge. Water as the welding environment complicates this issue even more. The article presents a method to determine an equation for calculating t8/5 cooling times for underwater gas metal arc welding of unalloyed steels...
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Electromagnetic Control and Dynamics of Generalized Burgers’ Nanoliquid Flow Containing Motile Microorganisms with Cattaneo–Christov Relations: Galerkin Finite Element Mechanism
PublicationIn our research work, we have developed a model describing the characteristics of the bio-convection and moving microorganisms in the flows of a magnetized generalized Burgers’ nanoliquid with Fourier’s and Fick’s laws in a stretchable sheet. Considerations have been made to Cattaneo–Christov mass and heat diffusion theory. According to the Cattaneo–Christov relation, the Buongiorno phenomenon for the motion of a nanoliquid in...
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The description of non-linear interactions of wave and non-wave modes in a non-adiabatic plasma flow
PublicationThe method of derivation of non-linear equations for interacting modes is explained and applied to a plasma's flow affected by a magnetic field. It is based on the linear projecting of the total perturbation field into specific variations of variables in individual modes of a flow. The method may be applied in many examples of fluid flows with different mechanisms of non-adiabaticity. It is of special importance in complex flows...
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A chemo-mechano-thermodynamical contact theory for adhesion, friction, and (de)bonding reactions
PublicationThis work presents a self-contained continuum formulation for coupled chemical, mechanical, and thermal contact interactions. The formulation is very general and, hence, admits arbitrary geometry, deformation, and material behavior. All model equations are derived rigorously from the balance laws of mass, momentum, energy, and entropy in the framework of irreversible thermodynamics, thus exposing all the coupling present in the...
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Geminate-pair dissociation yield in systems with exponential energetic disorder — A Monte Carlo study
PublicationGeminate electron–hole recombination in systems with exponential energetic disorder is studied by Monte Carlo method. The field and temperature dependencies of geminate-pair dissociation probability are calculated. It is established that the dissociation yield of carrier pairs depends mainly on the extent of carrier thermalization, which influences the Einstein relationship. The approximate limiting temperature is given by Te =...
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Thermomagnetic behavior of a semiconductor material heated by pulsed excitation based on the fourth-order MGT photothermal model
PublicationThis article proposes a photothermal model to reveal the thermo-magneto-mechanical properties of semiconductor materials, including coupled diffusion equations for thermal conductivity, elasticity, and excess carrier density. The proposed model is developed to account for the optical heating that occurs through the semiconductor medium. The Moore–Gibson–Thompson (MGT) equation of the fourth-order serves as the theoretical framework...
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Impact of Boundary Conditions on Acoustic Excitation of EntropyPerturbations in a Bounded Volume of Newtonian Gas
PublicationExcitation of the entropy mode in the field of intense sound, that is, acoustic heating, is theoreticallyconsidered in this work. The dynamic equation for an excess density which specifies the entropy mode,has been obtained by means of the method of projections. It takes the form of the diffusion equation withan acoustic driving force which is quadratically nonlinear in the leading order. The diffusion coefficient isproportional...
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Structural properties of hypothetical CeBa2Cu3O7 compound from LSDA+DMFT calculations
PublicationThe hypothetical stoichiometric CeBa2Cu3O7 (Ce123) compound, which has not been synthesized as a single phase yet, was studied by the density functional theory (DFT). We utilized a method which merges the local spin density approximation (LSDA) with the dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT) to account for the electronic correlations. The LSDA+DMFT calculations were performed in the high-temperature range. The particular emphasis was...
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Acoustic heating produced in resonators filled by a newtonian fluid
PublicationAcoustic heating in resonators is studied. The governing equation of acoustic heating is derived by means of the special linear combination of conservation equations in differential form, allowing the reduction of all acoustic terms in the linear part of the final equation, but preserving terms belonging to the thermal mode responsible for heating. This equation is instantaneous and includes nonlinear acoustic terms that form a...
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On the Nonlinear Effects of Magnetoacoustic Perturbations in Optically Thin Quasi-Isentropic Plasmas
PublicationNonlinear effects of planar magnetosound perturbations in a plasma are discussed. Plasma is non-adiabatic due to optically thin radiation and external heating. For these reasons, thermal instability of a plasma may appear which makes it acoustically active. The plasma is assumed to be initially homogeneous ideal gas with infinite electrical conductivity permeated by a straight magnetic field which is orthogonal to the trajectories...
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Double-diffusive natural convection energy transfer in magnetically influenced Casson fluid flow in trapezoidal enclosure with fillets
PublicationThe prime motive of this disquisition is to deal with mathematical analysis of natural convection energy transport driven by combined buoyancy effects of thermal and solutal diffusion in a trapezoidal enclosure. Casson fluid rheological constitutive model depicting attributes of viscoelastic liquids is envisioned. The influence of the inclined magnetic field governed by Lorentz field law is also considered. To raise the essence...
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Relations between magnetosonic perturbations as an indicator of a magnetosonic exciter and equilibrium parameters of a plasma
PublicationThe thermodynamic relations between perturbation of pressure and pertur- bation of mass density and between components of velocity which specify a magnetosonic wave are theoretically studied. A planar flow with the wave vec- tor forming a constant angle with the equilibrium magnetic field is investigated. The theory considers deviation from the adiabaticity of a flow due to some kind of heating–cooling function and thermal conduction...
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Shape Memory Polyurethane Materials Containing Ferromagnetic Iron Oxide and Graphene Nanoplatelets
PublicationIntelligent materials, such as memory shape polymers, have attracted considerable attention due to wide range of possible applications. Currently, intensive research is underway, in matters of obtaining memory shape materials that can be actuated via inductive methods, for example with help of magnetic field. In this work, an attempt was made to develop a new polymer composite—polyurethane modified with graphene nanoplates and...
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On the non-linear dynamics of torus-shaped and cylindrical shell structures
PublicationIn this study, the non-linear dynamic analysis of torus-shaped and cylindrical shell-like structures has been studied. The applied material is assumed as the functionally graded material (FGM). The structures are considered to be used for important machines such as wind turbines. The effects of some environmental factors on the analysis like temperature and humidity have been considered. The strain field has been calculated in...
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ASSESSMENT OF NATURAL VENTILATION SYSTEM FOR A TYPICAL RESIDENTIAL HOUSE IN POLAND
PublicationThe paper presents the research results of field measurements campaign of natural ventilation performance and effectiveness in a residential building. The building is located in the microclimate whose parameters differ significantly in relation to a representative weather station. The measurement system recorded climate parameters and the physical variables characterizing the air flow in the rooms within 14 days of the winter season....
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Reviewing the recent developments of using graphene-based nanosized materials in membrane separations
PublicationAccording to the potentialities of graphene-based materials and their unique physicochemical properties. Such 2D nanomaterials are likely to be the most implemented within the improvement of the selective separations of polymer membranes, together with enhanced physicochemical properties (such as hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, transport of molecules, mechanical and thermal features, among others). Hence, this review compiles and...
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The Influence of External Additional Loading on the Muscle Activity and Ground Reaction Forces during Gait
PublicationAsymmetrical external loading acting on the usculoskeletal system is generally considered unhealthy. Despite this knowledge, carrying loads in an asymmetrical manner like carrying on one shoulder, with one hand, or on the strap across the torso is a common practice. This study is aimed at presenting the effects of the mentioned load carrying methods on muscle activity assessed by using thermal field and ground reaction forces....
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Reexamination of the decoherence of spin registers
PublicationWe revisit the decoherence process of a multiqubit register interacting with a thermal bosonic bath. We generalize the previous studies by considering not only the register’s behavior but also a part of its environment. In particular, we are interested in information flow from the register to the environment, which we describe using recently introduced multipartite quantum state structures called spectrum broadcast structures....
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Recent total cross section measurements in electron scattering from molecules
PublicationThe grand-total cross sections (TCSs) for electron scattering from a range of molecules, measured over the period 2009-2019 in various laboratories, with the use of different electron transmission systems, are reviewed. Where necessary, the presented TCS data are also compared to earlier results. Collection of investigated molecular targets (biomolecules, biofuels, molecules of technological application,hydrocarbons) reflects their...
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Solar Photovoltaic Energy Optimization and Challenges
PublicationThe study paper focuses on solar energy optimization approaches, as well as the obstacles and concerns that come with them. This study discusses the most current advancements in solar power generation devices in order to provide a reference for decision-makers in the field of solar plant construction throughout the world. These technologies are divided into three groups: photovoltaic, thermal, and hybrid (thermal/photovoltaic)....
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Optimization of the distance between the vertical plates in the convective air heat exchanger
PublicationThis paper examines the influence of the distance between vertical plates on the intensity of free convective heat transfer along with the optimization of this distance. Experimental tests were carried out for one model channel of such an heat exchanger with widths , 0.085 and 0.18 m. This channel, open at the top and sides, was formed by two isothermal symmetrically heated parallel vertical plates of dimensions m and m. The influence...
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FEM and experimental investigations of concrete temperature field in the massive stemwall of the bridge abutment
PublicationThe paper deals with the prediction of early-age concrete temperature of cast-in-place stemwall of the bridge abutment. The considered object is an arch bridge located in Gda´nsk. In the case of massive structures, it is particularly important to not exceed the temperature difference between the core and the concrete surface. Too high temperature gradient generates an increase in thermal stresses, what could be the reason of exceeding...
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Information transfer during the universal gravitational decoherence
PublicationRecently Pikovski et al. (Nat Phys 11:668, 2015) have proposed in an intriguing universal decoherence mechanism, suggesting that gravitation may play a conceptually important role in the quantum-to-classical transition, albeit vanishingly small in everyday situations. Here we analyze information transfer induced by this mechanism. We show that generically on short time-scales, gravitational decoherence leads to a redundant information...
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Solar Photovoltaic Energy Optimization and Challenges
PublicationThe study paper focuses on solar energy optimization approaches, as well as the obstacles and concerns that come with them. This study discusses the most current advancements in solar power generation devices in order to provide a reference for decision-makers in the field of solar plant construction throughout the world. These technologies are divided into three groups: photovoltaic, thermal, and hybrid (thermal/photovoltaic)....
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Status report on high temperature fuel cells in Poland – Recent advances and achievements
PublicationThe paper presents recent advances in Poland in the field of high temperature fuel cells. The achievements in the materials development, manufacturing of advanced cells, new fabrication techniques, modified electrodes and electrolytes and applications are presented. The work of the Polish teams active in the field of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) and molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) is presented and discussed. The review is oriented...
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Characteristics of odors emitted from municipal wastewater treatment plant and methods for their identification and deodorization techniques
PublicationOdors emitted from municipal wastewater treatment plants belong to a group of pollutants, which is the main cause of people complaining about atmospheric air quality. The limitation of emissions of unpleasant odors generated by wastewater treatment plants by using appropriate deodorization methods is omitted on numerous occasions. This can have a negative inflence on public trust and the quality of atmospheric air. The article...
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Fiber-optic sensors based on microspheres with nanocoatings (Zastosowanie mikrosfer optycznych z cienkowarstwowymi pokryciami w czujnikach światłowodowych)
PublicationTemperature is one of the most important physical quantities. Temperature measurements are used in every field of life, especially electronics, electrical engineering, energy-related fields, including energy source and storage devices. The goal of this dissertation is to design and optimize the microsphere-based fiber-optic sensors construction for measurement of the sensor surrounding medium temperature, including selection of...
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Syntheses, Structures and Reactivity of Terminal Phosphido Complexes of Iron(II) Supported by a β-Diketiminato Ligand
PublicationWe report the synthesis of the first series of terminal phosphido iron complexes supported by a β‐diketiminato ligand (Dippnacnac) and their catalytic activity in dehydrocoupling of secondary phosphines. Anionic and neutral mono‐ or diphosphido complexes were obtained from the reaction of [(Dippnacnac)FeCl2Li(dme)2] with the R2PLi (R = iPr, tBu, Cy, Ph) phosphides by tuning the stoichiometric ratio, polarity of the solvent, and...
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The effect of convective heating and microwave heating on antioxidant enzymes in pooled mature human milk
PublicationThe effects of convective and microwave heating at constant temperature (62.5, 66 and 70 °C) on the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; glutathione peroxidase, GPx) in pooled mature human milk were compared. Activities of the enzymes were determined using spectrophotometric kits. Activity of GPx decreased significantly in the first stage of heating when milk samples were warmed to pasteurisation...
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The Green Approach to the Synthesis of Bio-Based Thermoplastic Polyurethane Elastomers with Partially Bio-Based Hard Blocks
PublicationBio-based polymeric materials and green routes for their preparation are current issues of many research works. In this work, we used the diisocyanate mixture based on partially bio-based diisocyanate origin and typical petrochemical diisocyanate for the preparation of novel bio-based thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers (bio-TPUs). We studied the influence of the diisocyanate mixture composition on the chemical structure, thermal,...
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Temperature influences on shear stability of a nanosize plate with piezoelectricity effect
PublicationPurpose The purpose of this paper is to predict the mechanical behavior of a piezoelectric nanoplate under shear stability by taking electric voltage into account in thermal environment. Design/methodology/approach Simplified first-order shear deformation theory has been used as a displacement field. Modified couple stress theory has been applied for considering small-size effects. An analytical solution has been taken into account...
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Molecular Design Using Selected Concentration Effects in Optically Activated Fluorescent Matrices
PublicationMolecular physics plays a pivotal role in various fields, including medicine, pharmaceuticals, and broader industrial applications. This study aims to enhance the methods for producing specific optically active materials with distinct spectroscopic properties at the molecular level, which are crucial for these sectors, while prioritizing human safety in both production and application. Forensic science, a significant socio-economic...
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AN OVERVIEW OF HEAT TRANSFER ENHANCEMENT BASED UPON NANOPARTICLES INFLUENCED BY INDUCED MAGNETIC FIELD WITH SLIP CONDITION VIA FINITE ELEMENT STRATEGY
PublicationThe mathematical model of heat generation and dissipation during thermal energy transmission employing nanoparticles in a Newtonian medium is investigated. Dimensionless boundary layer equations with correlations for titanium dioxide, copper oxide, and aluminium oxide are solved by the finite element method. Parameters are varied to analyze their impact on the flow fields. Various numerical experiments are performed consecutively...
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Possibility of thermal imaging use in studies of natural convection heat transfer on the example of an isothermal vertical plate.
PublicationA new method of infrared (IR) camera use in convective heat transfer studies has been presented. Until now, IR cameras were utilized for temperature field visualizations of flat heated surfaces of solid objects only. Because liquids and gasses do not emit radiation in the infrared range of wave lengths, detection of temperature field in the air was conducted with the use of plastic mesh, which, after heating by hot air, emits infrared...
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Spinon excitations in the quasi-one-dimensional S=12 chain compound Cs4CuSb2Cl12
PublicationThe spin−1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnetic chain is ideal for realizing one of the simplest gapless quantum spin liquids (QSLs), supporting a many-body ground state whose elementary excitations are fractional fermionic excitations called spinons. Here we report the discovery of such a one-dimensional (1D) QSL in Cs4CuSb2Cl12. Compared to previously reported S=1/2 1D chains, this material possesses a wider temperature range over...
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An inclination in Thermal Energy Using Nanoparticles with Casson Liquid Past an Expanding Porous Surface
PublicationPhysical aspects of inclined MHD nanofluid towards a stretching sheet embedded in a porous medium are visualized. Two types of nanoparticles are used named as copper and alumna dioxide with water as base fluid. Similarity transformations are used to convert the partial differential equations into the set of ordinary differential equation. Closed solutions are found to examine the velocity and the temperature profiles. It is examined...
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Heat Transfer of the Multicolor-Laser-Sources-Irradiated Nanoparticles in Reference to Thermal Processes
PublicationUnlike the standard materials, metallic nanoparticles offer enhancing the heat convertion rate which implies the maximum and average temperature boost significantly in the considered system. The work’s purpose is to examine heat transfer in the metallic nanoparticles which have been deposited on a glassy substrate, enabling the nanostructures thermoablation. Furthermore, the functionalized substrate is irradiated with multicolor-laser-sources,...
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The optimization of enzyme immobilization at Au-Ti nanotextured platform and its impact onto the response towards glucose in neutral media
PublicationThe market of non-invasive glucose sensors is drastically growing due to increasing number of people suffering from diabetes. Therefore, there is a significant need for any improvement in the field of biosensors that can be used for monitoring glucose level in human body. In recent years the emphasis is put onto the modification of electrode material with enzymes possessing recognition centre specific towards particular molecules....
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Theory versus experiment for vacuum Rabi oscillations in lossy cavities
PublicationThe 1996 experiment by Brune et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 1800 (1996)] on vacuum Rabi oscillation is analyzed by means of alternative models of atom-reservoir interaction. Agreement with experimental Rabi oscillation data can be obtained if one defines jump operators in the dressed-state basis and takes into account thermal fluctuations between dressed states belonging to the same manifold. Such low-frequency transitions could...
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Non-Perfect Propagation of Information to a Noisy Environment with Self-Evolution
PublicationWe study the non-perfect propagation of information for evolving a low-dimensional environment that includes self-evolution as well as noisy initial states and analyse the interrelations between the degree of objectivization and environment parameters. In particular, we consider an analytical model of three interacting qubits and derive its objectivity parameters. The numerical analysis shows that the quality of the spectrum broadcast...
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Influence of the fragment size on the recycling process of thin-film modules based on CdTe
PublicationFor several years, the production of second generation cells (the so-called thin film), produced from amorphous silicon, cadmium telluride (CdTe) or copper indium (gallium) diselenide (CI(G)S), has been increasing. The total number of end-of-life panels by 2050 is expected to reach 9.57 million tonnes. They contain heavy metals that can be leached into the environment at the land field. The EU directive on waste electrical and...
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Mechanical simulation of artificial gravity in torus-shaped and cylindrical spacecraft
PublicationLarge deformations and stress analyses in two types of space structures that are intended for people to live in space have been studied in this research. The structure under analysis is assumed to rotate around the central axis to create artificial gravitational acceleration equal to the gravity on the Earth's surface. The analysis is fully dynamic, which is formulated based on the energy method by using the first-order shear deformation...
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Synthesis and physical properties of the 10.6 K ferromagnet NdIr3
PublicationThe magnetic, transport, and thermodynamic properties of NdIr3 are reported. Its PuNi3-type crystal structure (space group R−3m), with lattice parameters a= 5.3262(1)Å and c=26.2218(3)Å, was confirmed by powder x-ray diffraction. Our measurements indicate that NdIr3 exhibits a previously unreported paramagnetic to ferromagnetic phase transition below TC=10.6 K(determined by using the Arrott plot). The magnetic susceptibility obeys...
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Evolution of Ag nanostructures created from thin films: UV–vis absorption and its theoretical predictions
PublicationAg-based plasmonic nanostructures were manufactured by thermal annealing of thin metallic films. Structure and morphology were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). SEM images show that the formation of nanostructures is influenced by the initial layer thickness as well as the...
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Contemporary and Conventional Passive Methods of Intensifying Convective Heat Transfer—A Review
PublicationThe ever-increasing demand for effective heat dissipation and temperature control in industrial and everyday applications highlights a critical research problem. The need for development is not only in terms of providing thermal comfort to humans but also forms the basis for the efficient operation of machines and equipment. Cooling of industrial machinery and household electronic equipment is a crucial element in any manufacturing...
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Study of Integer Spin S = 1 in the Polar Magnet β-Ni(IO3)2
PublicationPolar magnetic materials exhibiting appreciable asymmetric exchange interactions can potentially host new topological states of matter such as vortex-like spin textures; however, realizations have been mostly limited to half-integer spins due to rare numbers of integer spin systems with broken spatial inversion lattice symmetries. Here, we studied the structure and magnetic properties of the S = 1 integer spin polar magnet β-Ni(IO3)2...
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Recent advances of selected passive heat transfer intensification methods for phase change material-based latent heat energy storage units: A review
PublicationThe following article overviews recent studies regarding heat transfer enhancement methods, explicitly focusing on fins and coils utilization, in phase change material-based latent heat thermal energy storage systems. It discusses the influence of various geometrical and material parameters on the melting and solidification processes, as well as the orientation of the heat transfer surface within the storage tank. Additionally,...
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Semicrystalline Polyesters Based on a Novel Renewable Building Block
PublicationIsohexides, like e.g. isosorbide, are well-known carbohydrate-based rigid diols which are capable of dramatically increasing the glass transition temperature of polyesters. However, their relatively low reactivity has thus far hampered large-scale industrial applications in the polymer field. Recently, with the aim to increase reactivity while at the same time retain rigidity, we have developed a new isoidide dicarboxylic acid...
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PROBLEMY ZWIĄZANE Z ZASTOSOWANIEM NANOTECHNOLOGII W TERMOIZOLACJI BUDYNKÓW
PublicationBudownictwo i architektura były zawsze ściśle związane z rozwojem technologicznym a ciągły postęp w badaniach nad inżynierią materiałową pozwalał na uzyskiwanie bardziej wydajnych i wytrzymałych materiałów. Dotyczy to nie tylko elementów konstrukcyjnych budynku ale także technologii związanych z jego wykończeniem. Obecnie coraz większą rolę w budownictwie i architekturze odgrywa pojęcie nanotechnologii. Dziedzina nauki, zdawałoby...
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Polymer based thick films - material quality and interface resistance evaluation
PublicationThe properties of polymer based thick film layers mede using different resistive pastes and dipping silvers have been studied. The composite of carbon and graphite (C/Gr) conducting particles suspended in different polymer vehicles were used for preparation resistive layers. Interface resistance Rc created between dipping silver (DiAg) contact layer and resistive layer was determined from the surface potential distribution measurements...