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Search results for: control measurement
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Necessary and Sufficient Condition for State-Independent Contextual Measurement Scenarios
PublicationThe problem of identifying measurement scenarios capable of revealing state-independent contextuality in a given Hilbert space dimension is considered. We begin by showing that for any given dimension d and any measurement scenario consisting of projective measurements, (i) the measure of contextuality of a quantum state is entirely determined by its spectrum, so that pure and maximally mixed states represent the two extremes...
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MEASUREMENT AND ANALYSIS OF TRANSMISSION LOSSES IN THE SUPPLY SYSTEM OF ELECTRIFIED TRANSPORT
PublicationThe issue of electric energy saving in public transport is currently becoming a key area of interest, a fact connected with both an increase in society’s environmental awareness and a rise in the prices of fuel and electricity. Electricity can be saved by reducing transmission losses in the supply system. The article presents a method of measurement and analysis of transmission losses in the supply system of electrified public transport...
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MEASUREMENT O F HEALTHCARE SYSTEM EFFICIENCY IN OECD COUNTRIES
PublicationIncreased spending on healthcare systems in many countries tends to attract attention to their efficiency. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the efficiency of healthcare systems in the OECD countries and indicate causes of inefficiency by applying Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and using additive and super-efficiency models. The homogeneity of the sample is assessed and outliers are excluded. A ranking is established on the...
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Device-independent quantum key distribution based on measurement inputs
PublicationWe provide an analysis of a family of device-independent quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols that has the following features. (a) The bits used for the secret key do not come from the results of the measurements on an entangled state but from the choices of settings. (b) Instead of a single security parameter (a violation of some Bell inequality) a set of them is used to estimate the level of trust in the secrecy of the key....
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LOW COST MEASUREMENT MODULE FOR MATRIX OF AMPEROMETRIC GAS SENSOR
PublicationThis paper describes an amperometric sensor module for gas concentration measurement. A module can be used for many types of electrochemical gas sensors without major hardware changes. Device is based on AVR ATmega8 microcontroller. As signal processing circuit a specialized integrated circuit LMP9l000 configurable via I2C interface is used. The concept of a measuring system composed of several modules dedicated for a gas sensors...
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Quality of Analytical Results: Classifiying Errors and Estimating Measurement Uncertainty
PublicationThe most important parameter of each analytical result is its reliability. An analytical result is not a constant value; each result has two properties, error and uncertainty. The sources of both these parameters have to be known and their values determined (estimated). All analytical results are obtained by applying an appropriate measuring procedure. The need for reliable results requires application of reliable analytical procedures,...
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Evaluation of the fast impedance spectroscopy method in the laboratory measurement system
PublicationIn this paper the method for fast impedancespectroscopy of technical objects with very high impedance(|Zx| ≥ 1 GΩ) is evaluated by means of simulation and practicalexperiment. The method is based on excitation of an object, witha square pulse and measurements of voltage and currentresponses with DAQ card. The object impedance spectrum isobtained with use of continuous Fourier transform. Someimprovements of the method concerned...
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Uncertainty estimation of loop impedance measurement determined by the vector method
PublicationThis article presents a detailed analysis of uncertainty estimation of loop impedance measurement determined by the vector method. The analysis includes the following estimates: resistance variance, voltage variance and time measurement variance. This paper presents a methodology for estimating the combined standard uncertainty of loop impedance by the vector method. The vector method allows to determine loop impedance based on...
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Nondestructive Testing of the Miter Gates Using Various Measurement Methods
PublicationWhen any problems related to civil engineering structures appear, identifying the issue through the usage of only one measuring method is difficult. Therefore, comprehensive tests are required to identify the main source. The strains and displacement measurements, as well as modal identification, are widely used in the nondestructive testing of structures. However, measurements are usually carried out at several points and confirm...
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Remote measurement of building usable floor area - Algorithms fusion
PublicationRapid changes that are taking place in the urban environment have significant impact on urban growth. Most cities and urban regions all over the world compete to increase resident and visitor satisfaction. The growing requirements and rapidity of introducing new technologies to all aspects of residents' lives force cities and urban regions to implement "smart cities" concepts in their activities. Real estate is one of the principal...
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The Concept of Geodetic Analyses of the Measurement Results Obtained by Hydrostatic Leveling
PublicationThe article discusses the issue of hydrostatic leveling. Its application is presented in structural health monitoring systems in order to determine vertical displacements of controlled points. Moreover, the article includes a complete computation scheme that utilizes the estimation from observation differences, allowing the elimination of the influence of individual sensors’ systematic errors. The authors suggest two concepts of...
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Measurement of Coherence Bandwidth in UHF Radio Channels for Narrowband Networks
PublicationThis paper presents results of investigation on the coherence bandwidth of narrowband radio channels in 430MHz band. The coherence bandwidth values were estimated froma power delay profile obtained by recording CDMA2000 forward channel signals during real-fieldmeasurements in various environments:mediumcity, flat terrain, and hilly terrain in northern Poland.The results of measurements are compared with characteristic parameters...
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Nondestructive global corrosion measurement using guided wavefield data
PublicationMetallic structures often face degradation, and corrosion ranks among the most prevalent forms of deterioration. Accurate quantification of corrosion is crucial, especially for structures exposed to harsh environmental conditions, such as marine vessels and offshore installations. Because the traditional measurement methods based on scanning by ultrasonic gauge are time-consuming and provide only rough information on the thickness...
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Simple Measurement Method for Resistive Sensors Based on ADCs of Microcontrollers
PublicationA new, complete measurement method for resistance measurement of resistive sensors for systems based on microcontrollers equipped with analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) is proposed. The interface circuit consists of only four resistors, including a resistive sensor and a reference resistor, connected directly to the microcontroller pins. It is activated only during measurements, which significantly reduces power consumption....
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Methodology of estimating temperature measurement uncertainty in a system for endurance tests.
PublicationThe team consisting of the article authors developed a non-invasive method and a system for measuring temperature during an endurance test. A thermocouple which provided the required accuracy of changes in temperature dynamics measurements was used for the purpose of the required research. The paper presents the methodology for estimating uncertainty of temperature measurement done with the presented system, using a method based...
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Uncertainty of the liquid mass flow measurement using the orifice plate
PublicationThe article presents an estimation of measurement uncertainty of a liquid mass flow using the orifice plate. This subject is essential because of the widespread use of this type of flow meters. Not only the quantitative estimation but also the qualitative results of those measurements are important. To achieve these results the authors of the paper propose to use the theory of uncertainty. The article shows the analysis of the...
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Comparison of modelling and measurement results of spectra emitted by a programmable lamp
PublicationNowadays artificial light with an optimized spectrum is used in many different applications. For instance, it is widely used in museums and exhibitions to illuminate the art. Moreover, such light stimulates the growth of plants, or can be applied in industry and healthcare. To achieve the best results for each application, the adjusting of a dedicated spectrum is required, which is a complicated task. The ongoing research is focused...
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Low cost electrochemical sensor module for measurement of gas concentration
PublicationThis paper describes a low cost electrochemical sensor module for gas concentration measurement. A module is universal and can be used for many types of electrochemical gas sensors. Device is based on AVR ATmega8 microcontroller. As signal processing circuit a specialized integrated circuit LMP9l000 is used. The proposed equipment will be used as a component of electronic nose system employed for classifying and distinguishing...
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Analysis of Measurement Errors in Rail Vehicles’ Pantograph Inspection System
PublicationThe paper presents an approach to evaluation of height measurement errors in laser scanning inspection system. The system, consisting of a laser line generator and a specialized camera, is dedicated to diagnosing carbon contact strips of railway vehicles’ pantographs. While height measurement resolution is easily computable based on system parameters, determining the measurement error is troublesome due to numerous impacts. As...
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Methods of Assessing Degradation of Supercapacitors by Using Various Measurement Techniques
PublicationThis article presents the qualitative analyses of the construction of supercapacitor samples. The analyses are based on the suggested thermographic measurements as well as the technique of testing the inherent noise of the investigated element. The indicated assessment methods have been referred to the currently used parameters for the qualitative evaluation of supercapacitors. The approach described in this paper, which introduces...
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System setup and software for cyclic, staircase and square wave voltammetry measurements
PublicationHardware dedicated for electrochemical measurement sometimes does not allow performing certain voltammetry experiments. Staircase and square wave voltammetry, techniques which have many advantages comparing with standard voltammetric techniques, are rarely implemented in software controlling electrochemical measuring equipment. These methods, however, can be relatively easy realized with some addition...
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Programmable dynamically changing RC model for evaluation of Dynamic EIS methods and instrumentation
PublicationThe paper concerns the RC equivalent circuit of electrochemical cell with the impedance changed during the experiment. The model was constructed using the digital potentiometers controlled by the microcontroller. This solution allows to control the model impedance by the software means. By creating adequate changes of the impedance spectrum as a time function, the different impedance measurement method can be tested to find out...
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Measurement of rare probes with the silicon tracking system of the CBM experiment at FAIR
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Chapter 6 : Non-intrusive measurement techniques in bubble dynamics investigation
PublicationPrzedstawiono wyniki badań dynamiki pęcherzyków parowych i gazowych przy użyciu nieinwazyjnych metod optycznych i akustycznych.
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Portable computer diagnostics system PSD - the measurement potentiality and application examples
PublicationOpisano system diagnostyczny do pomiarów statycznych i dynamicznych wszelkiego typu maszyn stosowanych w przemyśle drzewnym. ocena stanu maszyny może byc dokonywana na podstawie wyników pomiaru bicia osiowego i promieniowego wrzecion, pił tarczowych, przemieszczeń poprzecznych piły tasmowej itp.. System jest wyposażony w specjalne oprogramowanie i pozwala m. in. na przeprowadzanie szczegółowych analiz tj. wykonywanie FFT lub filtrowanie...
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Shaping of coherence function of sources used in low-coherent measurement techniques
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono zależność pomiędzy charakterystyką widmową źródła i ekwiwalentną długością drogi koherencji źródła. Wyniki analizy teoretycznej i symulacji komputerowych wykazały, że użycie źródła syntezowanego wpływa na zmniejszenie wartości ekwiwalentnej długości drogi koherencji. Dodatkowo wykazano, że zmniejszenie ekwiwalentnej długości drogi koherencji można otrzymać poprzez odpowiednie kształtowanie funkcji koherencji...
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Application of acoustic emission metod for measurement of joint gap and cartilage surfaces
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono zastosowanie emisji akustycznej do lokalizacji wczesnych uszkodzeń stawu biodrowego lub kolanowego człowieka. Ponadto metoda ta służy do pomiaru wysokości szczeliny stawu oraz struktury geometrycznej powierzchni chrząstki stawowej. Jest to metoda nieinwazyjna. Pomiary metodą emisji akustycznej stosujemy na ogół w materiałach, w których energia sprężysta zmienia się nagle. Takie zmiany energii mogą być...
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Shaping coherence function of sources used in low-coherent measurement techniques
PublicationW niskokoherencyjnych technikach pomiarowych kształt funkcji koherencji wykorzystywanego źródła ma bezpośredni wpływ na parametry metrologiczne układu pomiarowego. Z tego względu, w wielu aplikacjach niezbędne jest użycie metod pozwalających na zmianę kształtu tej funkcji. W artykule przeanalizowano możliwości kształtowania funkcji koherencji, a przedstawione analizy teoretyczne i wyniki symulacji komputerowych wskazują, że kształtowanie...
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Selection of measurement frequency in Mott–Schottky analysis of passive layer on nickel
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3D MONITORING � IDENTIFICATION OF MEASUREMENT PROBLEMS AT LARGER MOVEMENTS OF THE TRACKED POINTS
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Shaping coherence function of sources used in low-coherent measurement techniques
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Installation of GNSS receivers on a mobile railway platform – methodology and measurement aspects
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Structural waveguide co-doped with Yb3+/Tm3+for measurement of chlorophyll concentration
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Measurement and analysis of absolute quantum yield of Rhodamine B doped PMMA
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Flow field around growing and rising vapour bubble by PIV measurement.
PublicationPrzedstawiono wyniki badania pól prędkości wokół wzrastających i unoszących się pęcherzyków parowych generowanych z pojedynczego centrum nukleacji. W badaniach zastosowano komercyjny układ Particle Image Velocimetry.
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Design and measurement of gyrator and isolator using ferrite coupled microstrip lines
PublicationW publikacji przeprowadzono badania struktur żyratora i izolatora zrealizowanych w technice sprzężonych ferrytowych linii mikropaskowych. Po raz pierwszy zaprezentowano wyniki pomiaru zrealizowanych struktur tego rodzaju. Uzyskane wyniki potwierdzają przewidziany uprzednio efekt zmian kierunków działania opisywanych elementów ze zmianą częstotliwości.
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Selection of measurement frequency in Mott-Schottky analysis of passive layer on nickel
PublicationPrzedstawiono zależności Mott'a - Schottky'ego dla różnych częstotliwości pomiarowych. Kształt uzyskanych zależności zależy od doboru tych częstotliwości. Związane jest to z tym, że stężenie defektów w warstwie pasywnej zależy od doboru częstotliwości. Metoda DEIS pozwala na uniknięcie tych niedogodności.
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The influence of sampling parameters on accuracy of capacitance measurement in the method based on DSP.
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono metodę pomiaru parametrów impedancyjnych bazującą na próbkowaniu sygnałów pomiarowych i DSP. Przeanalizowano wpływ głównych źródeł niepewności i błędów na dokładność pomiaru pojemności. Zawarto analizę dla następujących parametrów: niesynchroniczne próbkowanie sygnałów pomiarowych (napięciowego i prądowego), rozdzielczość przetwornika a/c i ilość zbieranych próbek. Załączono wyniki symulacji.
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Impedance spectroscopy by means of a digital storage oscilloscope based measurement system.
PublicationW pracy przedstawiono system pomiarowy służący do badań spektroskopowych. Został on zbudowany w oparciu o szerokopasmowy oscyloskop cyfrowy. Przeprowadzono analizę dokładności pomiarów oraz przedstawiono wyniki badań kalibracyjnych i przykładowych pomiarów parametrów materiałów biologicznych.
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Measurement of noise parameter set in the low frequency range: requirements and instrumentation.
PublicationOpisano dwa podstawowe szumowe modele metrologiczne czwórnika: ze źródłami szumów odniesionymi do wejścia i ze zwarciowymi prądami szumów. Parametry szumowe opisujące modele zawierające korelację pomiędzy prądami i/lub napięciami są mierzone przy zastosowaniu metod bezpośrednich i pośrednich. Przedstawiono kilka technik redukcji szumów własnych systemu pomiarowego. Szerzej zaprezentowano dwukanałowy system do pomiaru szumów z komputerowym...
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P-674 Automatizing ovarian follicle counting and measurement with artificial intelligence
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Neural network model of ship magnetic signature for different measurement depths
PublicationThis paper presents the development of a model of a corvette-type ship’s magnetic signature using an artificial neural network (ANN). The capabilities of ANNs to learn complex relationships between the vessel’s characteristics and the magnetic field at different depths are proposed as an alternative to a multi-dipole model. A training dataset, consisting of signatures prepared in finite element method (FEM) environment Simulia...
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Analysis of the Usefulness of Cheap Audio Recorders for Spectral Measurement of Environmental Noise
PublicationEnvironmental noise pollution is nowadays one of the most serious health threats. The impact of noise on the human body depends not only on the sound level but also on its spectral distribution. Reliable measurements of the environmental noise spectrum are often hampered by the very high price of top quality measuring devices. This paper explores the possibility of using much cheaper audio recorders for the frequency analysis....
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Measurement of the Development of a Learning IT Organization Supported by a Model of Knowledge Acquisition and Processing
PublicationThe paper presents a model of knowledge acquisition and processing for the development of learning organizations. The theory of a learning organization provides neither metrics nor tools to measure its development The authors' studies in this field are based on their experience gathered after projects realized in real IT organizations. The authors have described the construction of the model and the methods of its verification...
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Investigation on accelerated impedance spectrum measurement method with multisine signal stimulation
PublicationThe paper presents an investigation on the accelerated impedance spectrum measurement method, oriented at parameter identification of technical objects modelled by a linear equivalent circuit, e.g. anticorrosion coatings.The method is based on multisine signal stimulation of an object and response analysis by triangle window filterbanks.It has several advantages, as compared with conventional point-by-point spectrum measurement....
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Power and energy measurement problems in transmission line between Poland-Lithuania
PublicationThe paper discusses problem of power and energy metering in double circuit overhead transmission line. Considerations are based on example of transmission line connecting Polish substation Bis Elk and Lithuanian substation Alytus.
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Comparison of the measurement techniques employed for evaluation of ambient air odour quality
PublicationThe paper presents the results of investigation on ambient air odour quality in a vicinity of the industrial sewage treatment plant being a part of the crude oil processing plant. The investigation was performed during spring-winter season using a prototype of electronic nose and the Nasal Ranger field olfactometers. The prototype was equipped with a set of six semiconductor sensors by FIGARO Co. and one PID-type sensor. The field...
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Measurement techniques for assessing the olfactory impact of municipal sewage treatment plants
PublicationThe study presents information about the measurement techniques used for the assessment of air quality in terms of the olfactory intensity resulting from the operation of municipal sewage treatment plants. Advantages and disadvantages of the measurement techniques used are presented. Sources of malodourous substance emission from sewage treatment plants were described, and the malodourous substances emitted were characterised....
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Polarization interferometer using a Liquid Crystalline Polymer waveplate for wavelength measurement
PublicationA two-beam polarization interferometer for measuring wavelength changes of a tunable semiconductor laser was designed, built and tested. This interferometer uses a λ/8 waveplate made from Liquid Crystalline Polymer in order to generate two output signals in quadrature. The λ/8 waveplate can be manufactured either on a beamsplitter face or on the mirror surface, reducing the cost and complexity of the optomechnical assembly. Experiment...
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Distance measurement errors in silent FM-CW sonar with matched filtering
PublicationThe secretiveness of sonar operation can be achieved by using continuous frequency-modulated sounding signalswith reduced power and significantly prolonged repeat time. The application of matched filtration in the sonarreceiver provides optimal conditions for detection against the background of white noise and reverberation, and avery good resolution of distance measurements of motionless targets. The article shows that target...