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Search results for: problems and challenges
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Frontier education for a sustainable future - speculative design in architecture as a transdisciplinary experiment
PublicationIn this article, the authors propose the term frontier education referring to the well-established notion of frontier research - one, that through opening unexpected transdisciplinary perspectives, may offer new insights and create a fertile ground for new discoveries and ground-breaking concepts. In answer to the question of how to get rid of normative thinking and extend architectural experimentations, a speculative design architectural...
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Graphene Production and Biomedical Applications: A Review
PublicationGraphene is a two-dimensional nanomaterial composed of carbon atoms with sp2 hybrid orbitals. Both graphene and graphene-based composite have gained broad interest among researchers because of their outstanding physiochemical, mechanical, and biological properties. Graphene production techniques are divided into top-down and bottom-up synthesis methods, of which chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is the most popular. The biomedical...
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Green analytical chemistry: Social dimension and teaching
PublicationGreen Analytical Chemistry (GAC) is the idea which every analytical chemist should be familiar of. Due to continuous improvement in the subject both from the aspects of theory and experimentation, the dynamic way analytical chemistry studies are evolving in the frame of chemistry degrees should not be surprising. Recently, many efforts have been made in order to include Green Chemistry principles to Education, also in the field...
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The Empirical Application of Automotive 3D Radar Sensor for Target Detection for an Autonomous Surface Vehicle’s Navigation
PublicationAvoiding collisions with other objects is one of the most basic safety tasks undertaken in the operation of floating vehicles. Addressing this challenge is essential, especially during unmanned vehicle navigation processes in autonomous missions. This paper provides an empirical analysis of the surface target detection possibilities in a water environment, which can be used for the future development of tracking and anti-collision...
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Choosing the Right Cybersecurity Solution: A Review of Selection and Evaluation Criteria
PublicationInformation technologies evolve continuously reaching pioneering areas that bring in new cybersecurity challenges. Security engineering needs to keep pace with the advancing cyberthreats by providing innovative solutions. At the same time, the foundations that include security and risk assessment methodologies should remain stable. Experts are offered with an extensive portfolio of solutions and an informed choice of a particular...
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Internal imaging of concrete fracture based on elastic waves and ultrasound computed tomography
PublicationThe condition assessment of concrete structures belongs to the greatest challenges of non-destructive testing. Monitoring the fracture process of concrete and detecting cracks at the earliest possible stage is a vital aspect to ensure the safety of civil engineering objects. The use of ultrasound tomography enables imaging the internal structure of a tested element. This study aims at the visualization of fracture damage in concrete...
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Microfluidic devices for photo-and spectroelectrochemical applications
PublicationThe review presents recent developments in electrochemical devices for photo- and spectroelectrochemical investigations, with the emphasis on miniaturization (i.e., nanointerdigitated complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor devices, micro- and nano-porous silicon membranes or microoptoelectromechanical systems), silica glass/microreactors (i.e., plasmonic, Raman spectroscopy or optical microcavities) or polymer-based devices (i.e.,...
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Sustainable Knowledge Sharing Model for IT Agile Projects
PublicationIn order to overcome work environment challenges and remain competitive in the market, organisations must adapt. An organisation's competitiveness can be improved through knowledge sharing; however, improvement without responsibility can have a negative impact on the sociotechnical environment which people cannot fully comprehend. According to researchers, business involvement in sustainable development goals remains minimal [51]....
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Method for the correlation coefficient estimation of the bottom echo signal in the shallow water application using interferometric echo sounder
PublicationThe article presents a new method for the assessment of bottom echo correlation coefficient in the presence of multiple echoes. Bottom correlation coefficient is a parameter that characterizes spatial properties of echo signal. Large variability of the bottom shape or properties (for example caused by the presence of bottom objects) and the presence of the acoustic shadow strongly influence the value of the correlation coefficient....
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Scaled agile framework. Dealing with software process‐related challenges of a financial group with the action research approach
PublicationThis article reports on a domain-specific software development venture at Nordea. We explore organizational constraints, challenges, and corrective actions undertaken when scaling the agile development approach of their Core Banking Platform program. The fit and required customizations of the rather complex and rigid SAFe framework in a policy-heavy financial institution are audited against the organic growth of the program. In...
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Toolchain Modeling: Comprehensive Engineering Plans for Industry 4.0
PublicationThe fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) elevates the complexity and autonomy of industrial systems and engineering environments to levels not seen before. The novel challenges involve not only the software running on the partaking autonomous devices, but also architectural considerations and the technological infrastructure around the entire engineering process. In this paper, complementing the trends in industrial systems...
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Bridging the Gap Between Legitimacy and Neutralisation Strategies in Sustainability Reporting
PublicationAmid global sustainability challenges, such as climate change, companies operating in different industries face increasing demands for accountability and transparency. To meet these demands, sustainability reporting (SR) has become a mainstream business practice in communicating companies’ positive and negative sustainability impacts. This short paper aims to increase our understanding of how companies may release negative information...
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Integrating modelling, simulation and data management tools to create a planning support system for the improvement of air quality by urban planning solutions
PublicationThe urbanization pressure requires urban planners, designers, and policy makers to be more responsive to the challenges related to improving the quality of the urban environment and the living conditions of the inhabitants. One of the many environmental issues that need to be taken into account is urban air pollution. As the process of urban ventilation and air pollution dis-persion is significantly affected by the urban layout,...
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Collaborative urban studios in Poland. Teaching collective problem solving via live projects
PublicationThe requirements of contemporary architectural and urban design practice places a growing importance on the ability to generate new solutions to complex design challenges. Such an approach is particularly relevant in the context of contemporary urban projects in need of urban innovation and socially engaged practice, i.e. urban regeneration or street quality improvement projects. Meaningful involvement in such topics requires a...
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From the Concept to Results: A Case Study on the Collection Development for the ODC–Opening Day Collection at Qatar National Library
Publication"A library collection should fit the mission for which it is created. The number of books it holds does not determine its worth." (E. J. Loveland, 2000) If so, how do we create a national library, and how do we build its collection from scratch without making many mistakes? Since 2012, when the plans for the new national library were announced, Qatar National Library (QNL) envisioned as carrying out its mission to "spread knowledge,...
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A Novel Versatile Decoupling Structure and Expedited Inverse-Model-Based Re-Design Procedure for Compact Single-and Dual-Band MIMO Antennas
PublicationMultiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antennas are considered to be the key components of fifth generation (5G) mobile communications. One of the challenges pertinent to the design of highly integrated MIMO structures is to minimize the mutual coupling among the antenna elements. The latter arises from two sources, the coupling in the free space and the coupling currents propagating on a ground plane. In this paper, an array of...
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Bismuth-based nanomaterials-assisted photocatalytic water splitting for sustainable hydrogen production
PublicationThe rapidly increase in the world's population has resulted in a corresponding increase in the energy demand. This demand is largely being met by fossil fuels for power generation, industrial fuel and transportation. However, due to the limited availability of fossil fuels and their negative effects on the environment. The use of fossil fuels results in by-products such as carbon, nitrogen and sulfur oxides which have negative...
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Direct electrical brain stimulation of human memory: lessons learnt and future perspectives
PublicationModulation of cognitive functions supporting human declarative memory is one of the grand challenges of neuroscience, and of vast importance for a variety of neuropsychiatric, neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases. Despite a recent surge of successful attempts at improving performance in a range of memory tasks, the optimal approaches and parameters for memory enhancement have yet to be determined. On a more fundamental...
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Bismuth-based nanomaterials-assisted photocatalytic water splitting for sustainable hydrogen production
PublicationThe rapidly increase in the world's population has resulted in a corresponding increase in the energy demand. This demand is largely being met by fossil fuels for power generation, industrial fuel and transportation. However, due to the limited availability of fossil fuels and their negative effects on the environment. The use of fossil fuels results in by-products such as carbon, nitrogen and sulfur oxides which have negative...
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Measurements of transmission properties of Acoustic Communication Channels
PublicationTough transmission properties of shallow water acoustic channels (SWAC) highly limit the use of underwater acoustic communication (UAC) systems. An adaptive matching of modulation and signaling schemes to instantaneous channel conditions is needed for reliabledata communications. This creates, however, unique challenges for designers when compared to radio transmission systems. When communication system elements are in move, the...
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A Perspective on Fast-SPICE Simulation Technology
PublicationThis chapter presents an introduction to the area of accelerated transistor-level (‘fast-SPICE’) simulation for automated verification and characterization of integrated circuits (ICs) from technologist’s perspective. It starts with outlining goals, expectations and typical usage models for fast-SPICE simulators, stressing how they differ from regular SPICE tools. It continues with presenting and classifying core technologies typically...
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THE ROLE OF NATURE IN PLACEMAKING WITHIN THE LIMITS OF HISTORIC CITIES
PublicationThis paper focuses on the role of nature in placemaking within historic cities. There are two different approaches to placemaking – The first is a more traditional approach, i.e. complete building process which entails significant investments. The second is “Lighter, Quicker, Cheaper” approach proposed by the Project for Public Spaces organization. This article discusses the role, importance and place of nature in both approaches....
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Barriers to inter-company cooperation in clusters
PublicationClusters have proved to be an important source of competitiveness for the economic development of regions within the European Union. One of the main goals of cluster development is to stimulate cooperation between companies in one or a few related sectors. The stakeholders of a cluster, as well as the local economy, can derive many benefits from such cooperation. However, there are numerous barriers, which make it difficult for...
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Challenges of branding and marketing of clusters
PublicationClusters have proved to be powerful engine s of economic development in the European Union. Clusters and their stakehol ders can derive many benefits fr om a strong cluster brand. However, they face numerous branding and marketing challenges. Specifics of clusters, such as multiple stakeholders, make it difficult to forge a strong brand identity. This paper addresses the need to develop a cluster specific approach to branding and...
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Co-Living or a “Sandpit” for Future Entrepreneurs. First Experience from Poland.
PublicationNowadays, the Western world seems saturated with the myriad of enhancements for entrepreneurship development. Also, in Eastern European countries we observe a growing number of initiatives at different organizational levels, aiming at accompanying potential future entrepreneurs in their efforts. Meanwhile, there is one novelty, never before offered on the Polish market – the first co- -living space, launched in Gdañsk. Therefore,...
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Building Dedicated Project Management Process Basing on Historical Experience
PublicationProject Management Process used to manage IT project could be a key aspect of project success. Existing knowledge does not provide a method, which enables IT Organizations to choose Project Management methodology and processes, which would be adjusted to their unique needs. As a result, IT Organization use processes which are not tailored to their specific and do not meet their basic needs. This paper is an attempt to fill this...
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Main strategies, analytical trends and challenges in LC-MS and ambient mass spectrometry-based metabolomics
PublicationA plethora of analytical LC-MS-based methods have been successfully applied to analyses of complex samples of various origin for metabolomics investigations. Over the last ten years, the substantial evolution of ambient mass spectrometry (AMS) techniques has highlighted their tremendous potential in metabolomic studies due to the minimal sample pretreatment requirement and the ability to analyse samples in their native state. This...
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Evaluation of the Electronic Nose Used for Monitoring Environmental Pollution
PublicationAir pollution is a one of the major concern of civilized world, which has a significant impact on human health and the environment. Recent studies highlight that the exposure to polluted air can increase the incidence of diseases and deteriorate the quality of life. Hence, it is necessary to develop tools for real-time air quality monitoring. Electronic-nose systems based on sensors are an interesting and promising technology in...
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Child-Robot Interaction Studies During COVID-19 Pandemic
PublicationThe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic affected our lives deeply, just like everyone else, the children also suffered from the restrictions due to COVID-19 affecting their education and social interactions with others, being restricted from play areas and schools for a long time. Although social robots provide a promising solution to support children in their education, healthcare, and social interaction with others, the precautions...
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Assessing the Risk in Urban Public Transport for Epidemiologic Factors
PublicationPandemics have presented new challenges for public transport organisers and operators. New diseases (e.g., influenza H1N1, severe acute respiratory syndrome—SARS, as well as, more recently, SARS-CoV-2) increase the need for new protection measures to prevent epidemic outbreaks in public transport infrastructure. The authors’ goal is to present a set of actions in the area of public transport that are adjusted to different levels...
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Green chemical and hybrid enzymatic pretreatments for lignocellulosic biorefineries: Mechanism and challenges
PublicationThe greener chemical and enzymatic pretreatments for lignocellulosic biomasses are portraying a crucial role owing to their recalcitrant nature. Traditional pretreatments lead to partial degradation of lignin and hemicellulose moieties from the pretreated biomass. But it still restricts the enzyme accessibility for the digestibility towards the celluloses and the interaction of lignin-enzymes, nonproductively. Moreover, incursion...
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A CONTEXT IN RECOMMENDER SYSTEMS
PublicationRecommender systems aim to propose potentially interesting items to a user based on his preferences or previous interaction with the system. In the last decade, researcher found out that known recommendation techniques are not sufficient to predict user decisions. It has been noticed that user preferences strongly depend on the context in which he currently is. This raises new challenges for the researchers such as how to obtain...
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Robot Eye Perspective in Perceiving Facial Expressions in Interaction with Children with Autism
PublicationThe paper concerns automatic facial expression analysis applied in a study of natural “in the wild” interaction between children with autism and a social robot. The paper reports a study that analyzed the recordings captured via a camera located in the eye of a robot. Children with autism exhibit a diverse level of deficits, including ones in social interaction and emotional expression. The aim of the study was to explore the possibility...
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Survey of Methodologies, Approaches, and Challenges in Parallel Programming Using High-Performance Computing Systems
PublicationThis paper provides a review of contemporary methodologies and APIs for parallel programming, with representative technologies selected in terms of target system type (shared memory, distributed, and hybrid), communication patterns (one-sided and two-sided), and programming abstraction level. We analyze representatives in terms of many aspects including programming model, languages, supported platforms, license, optimization goals,...
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Shaping the competence of future spatial policymakers for small- and medium-sized towns
PublicationIn this article, the authors aim to present issues addressed within the framework of the architecture and spatial development courses offered by the Faculty of Architecture at Gdańsk University of Technology (FA-GUT), Gdańsk, Poland. These issues concern competence in the education of future spatial planners and their readiness to deal with the development challenges facing small- and medium-sized towns. Within the article, the...
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A Preliminary Study and Analysis of Tidal Stream Generators
PublicationFor a sustainable future, tidal energy can play a vital role. Tidal energy relies on the gravitational pull of the Moon and the Sun along with the centrifugal forces created by the Earth. Tidal barrage uses the potential energy from the tide and has been very successful in electricity production. With the help of a turbine, kinetic energy can also be harnessed from tidal currents to generate electricity. However, it is not economically...
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State-of-the-art ideas for engineering laboratory classes – virtual reality framework
PublicationNowadays challenges in science and technology are a driving force in the development of contemporary solutions in education. Virtual reality brings to an edge human imagination. In this paper, authors propose a framework for civil engineering laboratory classes which brings a new quality in this area. The framework shows how to provide learners with an environment where they can realize the health and safety hazards of construction...
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Architectural education and digital tools: the challenges and opportunities
PublicationEnriching architectural education with digital tools is the subject of this article. Such tools can create, support and visualise architecture. The focus in this article is on an interdisciplinary approach to media architecture (allowing variable visual content of architectural objects) and interactivity (user-space communication), revealing new possibilities in terms of human perception. The results of a survey on media architecture...
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Exploring the Benefits, Challenges, and Opportunities of Collaborative Business Intelligence
PublicationIn traditional business intelligence (BI) settings, the collective decision-making process is often hindered by the absence of knowledge and expertise exchange among various stakeholders, as well as lack of information sharing. The study delves into the concept of Collaborative BI, which aims to overcome these limitations by promoting collaboration, business networking, knowledge sharing, and improved communication among stakeholders....
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Review of the Complexity of Managing Big Data of the Internet of Things
PublicationTere is a growing awareness that the complexity of managing Big Data is one of the main challenges in the developing feld of the Internet of Tings (IoT). Complexity arises from several aspects of the Big Data life cycle, such as gathering data, storing them onto cloud servers, cleaning and integrating the data, a process involving the last advances in ontologies, such as Extensible Markup Language (XML) and Resource Description...
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Recent advances in aqueous virus removal technologies
PublicationThe COVID-19 outbreak has triggered a massive research, but still urgent detection and treatment of this virus seems a public concern. The spread of viruses in aqueous environments underlined efficient virus treatment processes as a hot challenge. This review critically and comprehensively enables identifying and classifying advanced biochemical, membrane-based and disinfection processes for effective treatment of virus-contaminated...
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Participatory co-design approach for Greencoin educational tool shaping urban green behaviors.
PublicationOur main goal is to prepare assumptions of the Greencoin (GC) cybernetic system, implying pro-ecological attitudes and behavior of city residents. We used qualitative methods, including a literature review and action research -workshops attended by academics, representatives of private and business sectors, urban movements, municipal institutions’ partners, and residents. Our results defined functionalities of the GC, identified...
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Planning a Cost-Effective Delay-Constrained Passive Optical Network for 5G Fronthaul
PublicationWith the rapid growth in the telecommunications industry moving towards 5G and beyond (5GB) and the emergence of data-hungry and time-sensitive applications, Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) are faced with a considerable challenge to keep up with these new demands. Cloud radio access network (CRAN) has emerged as a cost-effective architecture that improves 5GB performance. The fronthaul segment of the CRAN necessitates a high-capacity...
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Assessment of wastewater quality indicators for wastewater treatment influent using an advanced logistic regression model
PublicationInfluent quality indicators play a significant role in wastewater treatment plant performance due to their correlation with reactor operations and effluent quality. However, selecting a specific/best parameter indicator for predicting influent wastewater quality is one of the challenges in wastewa- ter treatment. This study, therefore, focused on determining suitable variables as influent quality indicators. For this purpose, a...
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Explainable AI for Inspecting Adversarial Attacks on Deep Neural Networks
PublicationDeep Neural Networks (DNN) are state of the art algorithms for image classification. Although significant achievements and perspectives, deep neural networks and accompanying learning algorithms have some important challenges to tackle. However, it appears that it is relatively easy to attack and fool with well-designed input samples called adversarial examples. Adversarial perturba-tions are unnoticeable for humans. Such attacks...
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Comparison of High Performance Liquid Chromatography Methods with Different Detectors for Determination of Steroid Hormones in Aqueous Matrices
PublicationThis paper presents the development and comparison of procedures for the qualitative and quantitative determination of five estrogenic compounds (17-a-ethynylestradiol, estrone, estradiol, estriol, and progesterone) in drinking water and wastewater samples. Five extraction columns and two disks were tested for their efficiency. The C18 columns were superior on the basis of cost for solid phase extraction of drinking water or sewage....
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A Triplet-Learnt Coarse-to-Fine Reranking for Vehicle Re-identification
PublicationVehicle re-identification refers to the task of matching the same query vehicle across non-overlapping cameras and diverse viewpoints. Research interest on the field emerged with intelligent transportation systems and the necessity for public security maintenance. Compared to person, vehicle re-identification is more intricate, facing the challenges of lower intra-class and higher inter-class similarities. Motivated by deep...
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Analytical applications and physicochemical properties of ionic liquid-based hybrid materials: A review
PublicationIonic liquids with their unique properties found so far numerous analytical applications. Among them ionic liquids immobilized on the surface or within the pores of a solid support were successfully utilized in extraction techniques dedicated to preconcentration of the analytes from food, environmental and biological samples. In this review we focus on comprehensive summarizing of available literature data on the examples of ionic...
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Integration of Multi-Source Geospatial Data from GNSS Receivers, Terrestrial Laser Scanners, and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
PublicationThe analysis based on geospatial data from different measurement systems now constitutes a complex numerical and practical enterprise. The dynamic development of modern technologies enables rapid and precise acquisition of such data. Nonetheless, the diversity of reference systems is today one of the main challenges for their correct interpretation. The combined use of the processed measurement results and archival data in paper...
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Open Innovation Competence for a Future-Proof Workforce: A Comparative Study from Four European Universities
PublicationDigital transformation is a key driving force of open innovation to capture and transfer knowledge inside and outside of a company’s bounds. New challenges in organizing multiple knowledge flows imply the need for increased competences related to this paradigm of future employees. In this article, we organize and aggregate the competencies required for open innovation collaboration and develop a competence profile that organizes...