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Search results for: ECO-SCALE
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Analytical eco-scale for assessing the greenness of analytical procedures
PublicationWe propose the analytical eco-scale as a novel comprehensive approach to evaluating the greenness of analytical methodology. It is based on assigning penalty points to parameters of an analytical process that are not in agreement with the ideal green analysis. This approach compares different parameters and different steps of the analytical process. Traditional green chemistry metrics 9e.g. Atom Economy, E-factor and Reaction Mass...
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Green Chemistry Metrics with Special Reference to Green Analytical Chemistry
PublicationThe concept of green chemistry is widely recognized in chemical laboratories. To properly measure an environmental impact of chemical processes, dedicated assessment tools are required. This paper summarizes the current state of knowledge in the field of development of green chemistry and green analytical chemistry metrics. The diverse methods used for evaluation of the greenness of organic synthesis, such as eco-footprint, E-Factor,...
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Looking for the Optimal Location of an Eco-District within a Metropolitan Area: The Case of Tricity Metropolitan Area
PublicationCompact housing structures located in city centers are considered to be the most energy and environmentally eective, mainly due to the access to services, transport networks and municipal infrastructures. There is the question of why so many of the acknowledged ecological housing complexes are located on the outskirts of cities or suburbs. Numerous cities decide to introduce strategies either to densify city centers, hoping to...
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Evaluation of the Greenness of Analytical Procedures
PublicationThis contributions introduces the need to develop the methods to evaluate analytical procedures in the light of green analytical chemistry. Green chemistry metrics are not applicable in analytical chemistry because they refer to the mass of product and no product with mass is generated during analytical determination. Analytical greenness evaluations are based on scoring - such as NEMI or Eco-scale or comparative analysis as it...
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Application of multivariate statistics in assessment of green analytical chemistry parameters of analytical methodologies
PublicationThe study offers a multivariate statistical analysis of a dataset, including the major metrological, “greenness” and methodological parameters of 43 analytical methodologies applied for aldrin determination (a frequently analyzed organic compound) in water samples. The variables (parameters) chosen were as follows: metrological (LOD, recovery, RSD), describing the “greenness” (amount of the solvent used, amount of waste generated)...
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Evaluation of Green Sample Preparation Techniques for Organic Compounds
PublicationNowadays, Green Analytical Chemistry (GAC) idea is of high importance, with impact on the rapid growth in the sample preparation area with special emphasis on sample preparation simplification, miniaturization and automation. Due to the fact that GAC is of high importance today, this study is focused on the evaluation of green sample preparation techniques for organic compounds. It is well known that sample preparation is considered...
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Multicriteria decision analysis in ranking of analytical procedures for aldrin determination in water
PublicationThe study presents the possibility of multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) application when choosing analytical procedures with low environmental impact. A type of MCDA, Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluations (PROMETHEE), was chosen as versatile tool that meets all the analytical chemists – decision makers requirements. Twenty five analytical procedures for aldrin determination in water samples (as...
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Comparison of Two Methods for the Determination of Selected Pesticides in Honey and Honeybee Samples
PublicationDeveloped and validated analytical methods for the determination of a wide spectrum of pesticide residues in honey and honeybee samples after the modification of QuEChERS extraction in combination with gas chromatography–tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) and liquid chromatography–tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) were discussed and compared. The developed methods were evaluated regarding the utilized equipment...
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Developments in Green Chromatography
PublicationGreen analytical chemistry is a widely recognized concept that has led to the development of new analytical methods with reduced environmental impact and minimized analyst occupational exposure. Achievements include the development of microextraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) techniques. Research towards greener separation processes focuses on the elimination of toxic solvents...
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Stabilization of Solid Residues Obtained During Sewage Sludge Thermal Treatment
PublicationCurrently wastewater treatment plants are still dealing with the problem of ecological management of sewage sludge. Nowadays, thermal utilization is considered the most eco-friendly way of processing excess sludge. However, during mentioned process, fractions of ashes and dusts are generated. Such wastes, especially dusts fraction, can be potentially harmful for the environment and wastes should be stabilized before further management....
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The Changing Nature of In‐Between Spaces in the Transformation Process of Cities
PublicationIn the in‐between spaces of cities, there are many problems of various nature and scale: functional, spatial, economic, environmental, visual, and social. There are also some hidden potentials that can be activated. The aim of the article is to explore the possibilities of solving existing problems and to show the possibilities of using the potentials of in‐between spaces with regard to the changing nature of a city. The article,...
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A new tool for the evaluation of the analytical procedure: Green Analytical Procedure Index
PublicationA new means for assessing analytical protocols relating to green analytical chemistry attributes has been developed. The new tool, called GAPI (Green Analytical Procedure Index), evaluates the green character of an entire analytical methodology, from sample collection to final determination, and was created using such tools as the National Environmental Methods Index (NEMI) or Analytical Eco-Scale to provide not only general but...
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Rapid and Green Separation of Mono- and Diesters of Monochloropropanediols by Ultrahigh Performance Supercritical Fluid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Using Neat Carbon Dioxide as a Mobile Phase
PublicationThis study demonstrates the effect of column selectivity and density of supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) on the separation of monochloropropanediol (MCPD) esters, known as food toxicants, using SC-CO2 without addition of cosolvent in ultrahigh performance supercritical fluid chromatography–mass spectrometry (UHPSFC-MS). This study shows that over 20 2-monochloropropanediol (2-MCPD) and 3-monochloropropanediol (3-MCPD) mono-...
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Green Analytical Chemistry: Summary of Existing Knowledge and Future Trends
PublicationAnalysis of recent publications in green analytical chemistry shows the current trends and future needs in this area. The main issues are related with search for cheaper, more efficient, more accurate, greener and miniaturized alternatives. Miniaturization is perhaps, the most notable current trend in analytical chemistry. Rapid developments and improvements in instrumentation have led to impressive range of benchtop technology...
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Ferrofluids based analytical extractions and evaluation of their greenness
PublicationFerrofluids are stable dispersions of magnetic nanoparticles in a carrier liquid. They have attracted considerable attention in analytical extractions as they combine fluid-like properties with magnetic character, providing magnetic control over the extraction process. The synthesis of ferrofluids is very straightforward, and it generally involves the preparation of magnetic nanoparticles, their coating, and then mixing in a suitable...
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Advanced nanomaterials and metal-organic frameworks for catalytic bio-diesel production from microalgal lipids – A review
PublicationIncreasing energy demands require exploring renewable, eco-friendly (green), and cost-effective energy resources. Among various sources of biodiesel, microalgal lipids are an excellent resource, owing to their high abundance in microalgal biomass. Transesterification catalyzed by advanced materials, especially nanomaterials and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), is a revolutionary process for overcoming the energy crisis. This review...
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CE-MS and GC-MS as “Green” and Complementary Methods for the Analysis of Biogenic Amines in Wine
PublicationTwo novel complementary analytical methods, namely an extraction-free capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry (CE-MS) and direct immersion-solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (DI-SPME-GC-MS), have been developed and successfully applied for the determination of biogenic amines (BAs) in wine and fruit wine. They have been rigorously compared to each other in terms of various...
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Green analytical chemistry metrics: A review
PublicationGreen analytical chemistry encourages reducing the use of toxic chemicals/reagents, using energy-efficient equipment, and generating minimal waste. The recent trends in analytical method development focus on the miniaturization of the sample preparation devices, the development of solventless or solvent-minimized extraction techniques, and the utilization of less toxic solvents. The twelve principles of GAC serve as a basic guideline...
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Direct solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography – Mass spectrometry for the determination of biogenic amines in wine
PublicationA direct method based on immersion solid phase microextraction (DI-SPME) gas chromatography mass-spectrometry (GC-MS) was optimized and validated for the determination of 16 biogenic amines in Polish wines. In the analysis two internal standards were used: 1,7-diaminoheptane and bis-3-aminopropylamine. The method allows for simultaneous extraction and derivatization, providing a simple and fast mode of extraction and enrichment....
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Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for in situ determination of biogenic amines in meat: Estimation of meat's freshness
PublicationA dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) technique was developed for the determination of selected biogenic amines (BAs) in samples of poultry, pork and beef. Prior to the extraction process, an appropriate volume of sodium hydroxide solution was added to each of the portioned samples. Next, samples were homogenized, centrifuged and finally sonicated at an increased temperature....
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Novel fast analytical method for indirect determination of MCPD fatty acid esters in edible oils and fats based on simultaneous extraction and derivatization
PublicationA novel method for indirect determination of MCPD esters levels in lipid samples has been developed. The method is based on combination of extraction and derivatisation in the same sample preparation step. It is achieved by the application of diethyl ether as extraction solvent for isolation of released from esterified forms analytes from water phase and dilution solvent for solid PBA – derivatisation agent. It is a noteworthy...
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Organic Acids and Polyphenols Determination in Polish Wines by Ultrasound-Assisted Solvent Extraction of Porous Membrane-Packed Liquid Samples
PublicationIn the near future, Poland is going to have more and more favorable conditions for viticulture. Organic acids and polyphenols are among the most commonly analyzed compounds due to their beneficial properties for human health and their importance in the winemaking process. In this work, a new technique involving ultrasound-assisted solvent extraction of porous membrane-packed liquid samples (UASE-PMLS) was for the first time described...
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A Green Chemistry "environmentally friendly" approach to the synthesis of chloro-intermediates of ephedrine/pseudoephedrine
PublicationMethylamphetamine is an addictive stimulant drug that strongly activates certain systems in the brain. It is closely related chemically to amphetamine, but the central nervous system effects of methamphetamine are greater. There is much interest in methylamphetamine among scientists and therefore the synthesizes of methylamphetamine and its metabolites are carried out on a large scale in chemical laboratories. Globally, ephedrine...
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HEALTH-AFFIRMING EVERYDAY LANDSCAPES IN SUSTAINABLE CITY. ECO-NEIGHBORHOODS IN FRANCE CASE
PublicationThis paper discusses the close relationship between the concept of health-affirming everyday landscapesand the idea of sustainable city design.The French National program of eco-neighborhood certification ÉcoQuartier is described and the correlation between the concepts of health-affirming landscapes,sustainable cities, and eco-neighborhoods is explained using the example of a selected eco-neighborhood in France.
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Polysaccharide nanocomposites in wastewater treatment: A review
PublicationIn modern times, wastewater treatment is vital due to increased water contamination arising from pollutants such as nutrients, pathogens, heavy metals, and pharmaceutical residues. Polysaccharides (PSAs) are natural, renewable, and non-toxic biopolymers used in wastewater treatment in the field of gas separation, liquid filtration, adsorption processes, pervaporation, and proton exchange membranes. Since addition of nanoparticles...
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Joint Analysis of National Eco-Efficiency, Eco-Innovation and SDGs in Europe: DEA Approach
PublicationThe growing complexity and intertwining of different socio-economic issues both in individual countries and internationally mean that single-theme analyses do not consider all the relationships and thus have cognitive limitations. Therefore, studies that combine several research areas are increasingly common in the literature to clarify the connections and relationships. In this study, considering the sequential nature of the...
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Problem wspólnotowego kształtowania środowiska mieszkaniowego
PublicationCommunity based shaping of housing environmentA sustainable development of housing environment depends on socio-economical context. Interest towards locality in western countries has a completely different basis than in the post-communist ones. Social capital, which shows e.g. in trust, as well as ecological awareness are totally different. We do not belong to saturated societies. There is a distinct issue of community shaping...
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Perspectives on the replacement of harmful organic solvents in analytical methodologies: a framework toward the implementation of a generation of eco-friendly alternatives
PublicationVolatile organic solvents derived from non-renewable fossil feedstocks are commonplace in analytical laboratories. In spite of their convenient performance in countless unit operations, their environmental, health and safety issues represent a major area of concern. The progressive replacement of organic solvents obtained from fossil resources by eco-friendly alternatives would involve remarkable advances within the framework of...
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Development of trolleybus public transport in Gdynia as part of sustainable mobility strategy
PublicationIn many EU cities trolleybuses are experiencing a period of revitalization. New lines, new and modern trolley-buses, the use of auxiliary propulsion battery, eco-logical values and others, create great opportunities for that kind of public transport as an effective tool to shape transport policy in accordance with the principles of sustainable mobility. Gdynia is one of three cities in Poland with trolleybuses public transport...
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Extraction with environmentally friendly solvents
PublicationThe ever-increasing demand for determining compounds at low concentration levels in complex matrices requires a preliminary step of analytes isolation/enrichment in order to employ a detection technique characterized by high sensitivity at low LOQ. Sample preparation is considered as crucial part of analytical procedures. Previously the parameter of “greenness” is as important as selectivity in order to avoid using harmful organic...
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Palm Oil Fuel Ash-Based Eco-Efficient Concrete: A Critical Review of the Short-Term Properties
PublicationThe huge demand for concrete is predicted to upsurge due to rapid construction developments. Environmental worries regarding the large amounts of carbon dioxide emanations from cement production have resulted in new ideas to develop supplemental cementing materials, aiming to decrease the cement volume required for making concrete. Palm-oil-fuel-ash (POFA) is an industrial byproduct derived from palm oil waste’s incineration in...
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Magnetic superhydrophobic melamine sponges for crude oil removal from water
PublicationThis paper proposes the preparation of a new sorbent material based on melamine sponges (MS) with superhydrophobic, superoleophilic, and magnetic properties. This study involved impregnating the surface of commercially available MS with eco-friendly deep eutectic solvents (DES) and Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The DES selection was based on the screening of 105 eutectic mixtures using COSMO-RS modeling. Other parameters affecting the efficiency...
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Eco-Friendly Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Materials from Flexible Reduced Graphene Oxide Filled Polycaprolactone/Polyaniline Nanocomposites
PublicationHybrid nanocomposites have the unique ability of enhancing material properties due to the existing synergistic effect of the fillers. In this study, the authors report such an eco-friendly hybrid nanocomposite comprising of polyaniline and reduced graphene oxide in polycaprolactone. The conducting polyaniline improved the processability of polycaprolactone, and the final composites were prepared by incorporating graphene oxide...
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Game about space or game in the space?
PublicationThe article analyzes various aspects of the actions taken by participants involved in the process of a spatial change. Such a process is described as a game about space or a game in the space. Different terminology is presented, in particular the meaning of: spatial order, regional studies, eco-development, sustainable development. Different forms of the game are analyzed: space as a theater, as a casino, as an area of conflict....
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Oszczędność jako cnota w kształtowaniu wspólnotowego środowiska mieszkaniowego
PublicationThe principle of conservation (saving) the resources - present in designing - applies to the style and quality of living of the future tenants. But by approving restrictions, they may realize themselves on a different from consumption basis - in a community life, with respect to nature. The element of social participation cannot be absent - the understanding between tenants, adjusting eco-friendly solutions to needs and possibilities...
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NATURAL DEEP EUTECTIC SOLVENTS IN EXTRACTION PROCESS
PublicationDeveloping new, eco-friendly solvents which would meet technological and economic demands is perhaps the most popular aspects of Green Chemistry. Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) fully meet green chemistry principles. These solvents offer many advantages including biodegradability, low toxicity, sustainability, low costs and simple preparation. This paper provides an overview of knowledge regarding NADES with special emphasis...
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Effect of Chitosan Solution on Low-Cohesive Soil’s Shear Modulus G Determined through Resonant Column and Torsional Shearing Tests
PublicationIn this study the effect of using a biopolymer soil stabilizer on soil stiffness characteristics was investigated. Chitosan is a bio-waste material that is obtained by chemical treatment of chitin (a chemical component of fungi or crustaceans’ shells). Using chitosan solution as a soil stabilizer is based on the assumption that the biopolymer forms temporary bonds with soil particles. What is important is that these bonds are biodegradable,...
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Metal-Organic Frameworks in Green Analytical Chemistry
PublicationTaking into consideration the rapid expansion of MOFs applications in the analytical chemistry area, it is important to evaluate the existing and future analytical MOF-based methods according to GAC principles. From this point of view, eco-friendly MOFs-based methods should include features such as: green design and synthesis of MOF, evaluation of toxicity issues of MOFs, and incorporation of MOFs in GAC methods. This Chapter will...
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Recent progress in ultra-low formaldehyde emitting adhesive systems and formaldehyde scavengers in wood-based panels: a review
PublicationTraditional wood-based panels are produced with synthetic, formaldehyde-based adhesives, commonly made from fossil-derived constituents, such as urea, phenol, melamine, etc. Along with their numerous advantages, such as chemical versatility, high reactivity and excellent adhesive performance, these adhesives are characterized by certain problems, connected with the hazardous volatile organic compounds (VOCs), mostly free formaldehyde...
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Deterioration and Protection of Concrete Elements Embedded in Contaminated Soil: A Review
PublicationCoating materials are considered one of the most antique materials of human civilization; they have been used for decoration and the protection of surfaces for millennia. Concrete structures—due to their permanent exposure to different types of environments and contaminants—require the use of coatings that contribute to its preservation by reducing the corrosion of its components (steel and aggregates). This article intends to...
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Prototype of a low-cost luxmeter with wide measuring range designed for railway stations dynamic lighting systems
PublicationThe paper presents the development of a low-cost luxmeter designed for usage in automatic applications for continual (long-term) measurement of illuminance. The measured information is used to adjust the level of lighting systems of artificial lighting on railways (platforms, marshalling yard, tracks etc.). The reason of this measuring device is a requirement for massive deployment of dimmable lighting systems for railways, in...
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Driving Performance Indicators of Electric Bus Driving Technique: Naturalistic Driving Data Multicriterial Analysis
PublicationThe issue of electric energy saving in public transport is becoming the key area of interest. By improving of driving techniques and the implementation of eco-driving, it is possible to save electric energy. Systems that help to decrease energy consumption and to reduce fuel emissions are becoming popular in vehicles powered by diesel engines. However, these methods have not yet gained popularity in electric vehicles. Therefore,...
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Removal of VOCs from air and assessment of dominant species in a peat-perlite biotrickling filter
PublicationAir pollution has become a major concern because it is inevitably connected with the rapid development of both industrial and residential areas. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are emitted from various anthropogenic sources e.g. transportation, factories or landfills as well as recycling factories. It is problematic not only because of the direct impact on humans and environment but also from economy viewpoint as it increases...
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Zastosowanie glikolizatu odpadowej pianki obuwniczej do otrzymania nowych eco-podeszew
PublicationZbadano możliwości zastosowania glikolizatu, otrzymanego w reakcji dekompozycji odpadowej pianki obuwniczej z etano-1,2-diolem, do otrzymania poliuretanu w postaci płytek oraz podeszew zawierających 2 i 3,2% mas. glikolizatu. Otrzymany glikolizat mieszano z konwencjonalnym poliolem. Zbadano właściwości reologiczne i strukturę chemiczną glikolizatu oraz zsyntetyzowanych poliuretanów za pomocą spektroskopii w podczerwieni (FTIR). Oznaczono...
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Low speed permanent magnet synchronous generator for vertical axis wind turbine
PublicationThe paper presents design process and tests of a prototype low speed permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) dedicated for the innovative vertical-axis wind turbine. The rated data of the designed generator are following: power - 15 kVA, voltage - 400 V (Y), rotation speed - 93.75 rpm. The design assumptions, chosen results of the design process and experimental tests of the prototype PMSG are presented. The considered PMSG...
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ASSESSMENT OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS EMISSIONS FROM RECYCLED LOW-DENSITY POLYETHYLENE STREAMS
PublicationThe recycling of plastics is currently one of the most significant industrial challenges. Due to the enormous amounts of plastic wastes generated by various industry branches, it is essential to look for the potential methods of their utilization. Nevertheless, it should not be forgotten that recycled plastics are not pure materials, and they still may show an unfavorable environmental impact. They may contain different contaminants...
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The Effect of Cryogenic Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Response of AISI D3 Tool Steel Punches
PublicationRecently, deep cryogenic treatment is performed to improve the mechanical responses (wear, hardness, fatigue, and thermal conductivity) of various steel components. Researchers have tried to evaluate the eco-friendly and nontoxic process to optimize the parameters. Cold-shearing punches used to manufacture various holes that undergo severe impact loading and wear in the metal forming process. This study concerns the effect of soaking...
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“Green” nature of the process of derivatization in analytical sample preparation
PublicationNowadays, the idea of Green Analytical Chemistry (GAC) is of high importance what impacts on the rapid growth in the sample preparation area with special emphasis on sample preparation simplification, miniaturization, and automation. Because the derivatization process is often an essential element of the analytical procedure, it should be important to focus on this issue from GAC perspective and conduct a series of experiments...
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Wolnoobrotowy generator z magnesami trwałymi do elektrowni wiatrowej z turbiną o pionowej osi obrotu
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono założenia projektowe, wybrane wyniki etapu projektowania i badania prototypu wolnoobrotowego generatora z magnesami trwałymi współpracującego z elektrownią wiatrową z innowacyjną turbiną o pionowej osi obrotu. Projekt został wykonany na zlecenie firmy ALU ECO Sp. z o.o. z Gdańska w ramach projektu badawczorozwojowego Pionowa Turbina Wiatrowa, współfinansowanego przez Polską Agencję Rozwoju Przedsiębiorczości...
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Striving for spatial energy efficiency in dwelling complexes. Kształtowanie przestrzennej efektywności energetycznej w zespołach zabudowy mieszkaniowej.
PublicationThe main aim of this article was to discover the key characteristics in shaping most rewarded eco- district complexes built respectively in temperate climate zone in respect to spatial energy efficiency and resilience principles. It was done through careful case studies, comparative analysis and juxtaposition of critical parameters related to spatial energy efficiency and resilience in chosen representative dwelling complexes....