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Search results for: TRAFFIC CONDITIONS
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The Effects of Roadside Hazards on Road Accident Severity
PublicationThe risk of becoming involved in an accident emerges when elements of the transport system do not operate properly (man – vehicle – road – roadside). The road, its traffic layout andsafety equipment have a critical impact on road user safety. This gives infrastructural work a priority in road safety strategies and programmes. Run-off-road accidents continue to be one of the biggest problems of road safety with consequences including...
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Propagation Loss and Interference Analysis for 5G Systems in the Context of C-ITS System Implementation
PublicationThe article presents the concept of implementing subsequent phases of services for the C-ITS system (the Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems), based on the European Parliament resolution of March 2018. Next, the 5G systems, in the context of their possible cooperation with C-ITS systems, were discussed. Numerical propagation analysis was performed for V2V and V2I type communication based on two different propagation models....
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Practical Approach to IP Scheduled Throughput Measurements in Dual Connectivity Systems
PublicationIP scheduled throughput defined according to 3GPP TS 36.314 reflects user throughput regardless of traffic characteristics, and therefore has become one of the most important indicators for monitoring Quality of Service (QoS) of the end user in Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN). However, networks built on a distributed architecture make the above definition impossible to be applied directly due to the...
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Vibration monitoring of structures in the light of the Polish and international requirements
PublicationThe paper concerns the wide range of strategies used to protect structures against man-made dynamic excitation. The most popular approaches applied worldwide are compared, and the main differences and similarities are summarized. The literature studies are supported by the results of the measurements performed on different types of real structures, which are sensitive and insensitive to the dynamic load. To make the conclusions...
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Providing Differentiated Levels of Service Availability in VANET Communications
PublicationInter-vehicle communications seems to be a promising remedy not only for a number of road-safety issues, but also to improve the efficiency of road traffic, as well as to support the on-board infotainment applications. However, it often encounters disruptions due to high mobility of vehicles causing frequent failures of communication links. In this paper, we utilize the idea of multipath vehicle-to-vehicle routing to provide protection...
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Roads unsafety - social costs
PublicationThe condition of road safety has a significant impact on the quality of citizens' life. Yearly, one in a hundred families in Poland suffers because of road accidents. It is affected by them not only in material terms but first and foremost in moral terms. Road accidents are one of the main causes of degradation in the quality of life. In Poland we hardly know anything about the fate of the road traffic victims, their life problems...
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Why are trees still such a major hazard to drivers in Poland?
PublicationRoadside trees are one of Poland's most serious road safety issues. Since 2009 more than 2800 people have been killed as a result of tree collisions; this represents about 15% of all of Poland's accident fatalities between 2009 and 2013. In some of the country's regions striking a tree caused more than 30% of all road accident fatalities. With no proper regulations, guidelines or examples of good practice, roadside environments...
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Towards Hybrid Urban Mobility: Kick Scooter as a Means of Individual Transport in the City
PublicationThe characteristic feature of a contemporary city is its inconvenience and oppressiveness caused by the hitherto dominant paradigm of urban planning based on car mobility. As a result, the inhabitants have to cope with air pollution, noise, spatial barriers, sedentary lifestyle and other factors which worsen their health and quality of life. Ecological and physically activating urban mobility thus plays an increasingly important...
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ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS OF THE AUDIT OF LIGHTING PARAMETERS AT PEDESTRIAN CROSSINGS IN WARSAW
PublicationThe night time, based on many world studies, generates an increased risk of serious accidents (with fatalities and serious injuries). This is especially true for accidents with pedestrians. Pedestrian crossings are very sensitive to the influence of the time of day in terms of pedestrian safety, elements of road infrastructure. This is visible on the example of Poland, where numerous accidents at crosswalks are recorded, characterized...
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Comparison of road and laboratory measurements of tyre/road noise
PublicationTyre/road noise is one of the major environmental problems related to road traffic. There are several measuring methods of tyre/road noise that may be carried out on the road (for example Coast-down and Close Proximity Method) or in the laboratory (Drum Method). Road measurements are preferred for evaluations of pavement properties while laboratory methods are mostly used to evaluate tyres. One of the biggest problems associated...
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The use of weight in motion data to heavy vehicles - pavement interaction analysis
PublicationWeight in motion (WIM) is the element of modern intelligent transport systems created to control commercial vehicles and to detect overloaded items. Because all of the vehicles crossing the WIM station are weighed and recognized, given data can be used to vehicle-pavement interaction analysis. The paper presents the results of analysis based on data from seven WIM stations localized in Motorway and National Roads in Poland. The...
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State of Development of Intelligent Transport Systems Services on National Roads in Poland
PublicationIn recent years we can see intensifying implementation of Intelligent Transport System (ITS) measures in Polish cities and on national roads. The architecture of the National Traffic Management System (KSZR) will enable the implementation of a uniform, integrated and intelligent ICT system to launch ITS systems that are the most important for drivers and the General Directorate for National Roads and Motorways (GDDKiA). This paper...
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Road safety inspection as a tool for road safety management – the polish experience
PublicationIn Poland, road inspections were implemented in June 2014 on all national roads. Previously conducted traffic surveys mainly related to the technical condition of roads, signs and markings; other safety issues were overlooked. The main problem that occurs during inspection is an inspector’s subjective qualitative assessment which affects the classification of the sources of hazard on the road.. The paper presents an analysis of...
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Safety Assessment of Tram Stops
PublicationThe safety of public transport stops is the subject of numerous studies in large agglomerations around the world. This is due to the fact that it is a passenger exchange zone where collisions and accidents involving people getting on or off public transport vehicles most often occur. For this reason, the purpose of the article is to present the results of the safety assessment of the stop zones for two selected tram lines in Wroclaw....
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Perspectives of Telematics Implementation in Tri-City Transport Systems Management and Planning
PublicationIn 2010 the City of Gdynia applied for match funding the project ''Implementation of the Integrated Traffic Management System TRISTAR in Tri-City" under the Operational Programme Infrastructure and Environment. This year the project has been placed on a list approved by the Ministry of Infrastructure. Tri-City proceeds with a tender for the implementation of the system. The project will be implemented in key elements are included...
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Analysis of Factors Influencing the Prices of Tourist Offers
PublicationTourism is a significant branch of many world economies. Many factors influence the volume of tourist traffic and the prices of trips. There are factors that clearly affect tourism, such as COVID-19. The paper describes the methods of machine learning and process mining that allow for assessing the impact of various factors (micro, mezzo and macro) on the prices of tourist offers. The methods were used on large sets of real data...
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Modeling of Accidental Bunker Oil Spills as a Result of Ship's Bunker Tanks Rupture - a Case Study
PublicationAIS (Automatic Identification System) data analysis is used to define ship domain for grounding scenarios. The domain has been divided into two areas as inner and outer domains. Inner domain has clear border, which is based on ship dynamic characteristics. Violation of inner domain makes the grounding accident unavoidable. Outer domain area is defined with AIS data analyzing. Outer domain shows the situation of own ship in compare...
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Reduction of Tire Rolling Resistance by Optimization of Road Surfaces and Tires
PublicationDuring interaction between tire and road surface three very important phenomena are always in effect. One of them (very desirable) is friction that is important for traction, braking and cornering. Two other phenomena are not desirable at all, that is rolling resistance and noise. This paper discusses relations between road surface and tire parameters versus tire rolling resistance. Road surface texture, porosity, impedance, strength...
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Simulation Environment in Python for Ship Encounter Situations
PublicationTo assess the risk of collision in radar navigation distance-based safety measures such as Distance at the Closest Point of Approach and Time to the Closest Point of Approach are most commonly used. Also Bow Crossing Range and Bow Crossing Time measures are good complement to the picture of the meeting situation. When ship safety domain is considered then Degree of Domain Violation and Time to Domain Violation can be applied. This...
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A 95-Year-Old Concrete Arch Bridge: From Materials Characterization to Structural Analysis
PublicationThe structural analysis of a 95-year-old concrete arch bridge located in Jagodnik (Poland) is performed in this paper, in order to check its behavior under today’s traffic loads. The mechanical properties of both the concrete and the reinforcement are investigated by testing cores and bar stubs extracted from the bridge. Structural analysis confirms that the bridge meets today’s load requirements in terms of bearing capacity, serviceability...
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QoS Extensions for Flow-Awareness Networks
PublicationThe paper contains a description and research results of the proposal for distributed QoS extensions for Flow-Based Networking. These QoS extensions let the network accept or reject flows based on current network load and QoS promises for each of the flows. Proposed solution consists of two distributed components, each of them performing in every node, measurement system and access control. The solution could be applied in any...
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Message Inter-Arrival and Inter-Departure Time Distributions in IMS/NGN Architecture
PublicationCurrently is it assumed that requirements of the information society for delivering multimedia services will be satisfied by the Next Generation Network (NGN) architecture, which includes elements of the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) solution. In order to guarantee Quality of Service (QoS), NGN has to be appropriately designed and dimensioned. Therefore, proper traffic models should be proposed and applied. This requires determination...
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Determination of safety indicators of the freight wagons by mobile systems
PublicationThe organization of the movement of freight trains in Ukraine is an important factor in integrating the country’s railway transport into the European system. A situation that requires a significant renewal of the freight wagon park with modern wagons to meet the freight transportation requirements has arisen. Also, a significant drawback of railway transport in Ukraine is the limitation of the speed of trains, which include freight...
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A multi‑criteria approach to investigate spatial distribution,sources, and the potential toxicological effect of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in sediments of urban retention tanks
PublicationBottom sediments deposited in retention tanks (RTs) located on two urban streams (Oliwski and Strzyza) in the central part of Gdansk (Poland) were analysed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons’ (PAHs) content. PAHs were extracted from samples with methylene chloride, then the extracts were subjected to clean-up applying the solid phase extraction (SPE) method. Quantitative and qualitative determination of 16 PAHs was performed...
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An updated method identifying collision-prone locations for ships. A case study for oil tankers navigating in the Gulf of Finland
PublicationTo ensure the risk level associated with continuously increasing maritime traffic through particularly sensitive sea areas remains at acceptable level, a periodic risk assessment needs to be carried out by the relevant authorities. As a part of such assessment, allowing for proactive countermeasures to mitigate risk, the frequency of accidents is estimated along with the assessment of geographical locations where the accidents...
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Approximation of Message Inter-Arrival and Inter-Departure Time Distributions in IMS/NGN Architecture Using Phase-Type Distributions
PublicationCurrently it is assumed that requirements of the information society for delivering multimedia services will be satisfied by the Next Generation Network (NGN) architecture, which includes elements of the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) solution. In order to guarantee Quality of Service (QoS), NGN has to be appropriately designed and dimensioned. Therefore, proper traffic models should be proposed and applied. This requires determination...
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Simulation model for evaluation of packet sequence changed order of stream in DiffServ network
PublicationCurrent packet networks use a large variety of mechanisms which should support QoS (Quality of Service). One of those mechanisms is routing (calculating connection paths for incoming service requests). The most effective mechanism in QoS context is dynamic routing, which is based on the current network state described by the offered traffic matrix and link states. After switching between calculated available paths, connection...
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A concept for reducing PM 10 emissions for car brakes by 50%
PublicationWith regard to airborne particles with an aerodynamic diameter of less than 10 μm (PM10), in countries in the European Union, the mass of brake emissions equals approximately 8–27% of the total traffic-related emissions. Using a research methodology combining tests at different scale levels with contact mechanics simulations and PM10 chemical characterization, the REBRAKE EU-financed project had the following aims: i) to demonstrate...
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The safety issue of roadside advertising – comparison of polish and abu dhabi regulations
PublicationIn Poland a large number of advertisements are located by the roadside. These ads do not support road traffic management and unlike the road marking system are not subject to any regulations. The advertiser’s goal is to communicate a message to as many recipients as possible. Drivers with different individual abilities, such as attention focusing, eye accommodation, speed of information processing, can be distracted, blinded or...
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Tire/Road Noise On Poroelastic Road Surfaces - Results Of Laboratory Measurements
PublicationTire/road noise is the most important part of traffic noise for medium and high speed driving both in the case of passenger cars and trucks. The potential to make modification of tires that significantly reduce tire/road noise in nearly over, at least for conventional tires so the only promising action is to improve road pavements. One of the innovative solutions is poroelastic road pavement (PERS) that reduces airflow related...
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Optimisation and field assessment of poroelastic wearing course bond quality
PublicationCompared to typical asphalt mixtures, poroelastic mixtures are characterised by high porosity and high flexibility, which are desirable for traffic noise reduction. However, the same properties increase the risk of debonding from the lower layer, which is a significant source of premature damage. The study investigates which of the factors – tack coat agent, type and texture of the lower layer – have the greatest impact on interlayer...
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Automation of the Road Gate Operations Process at the Container Terminal—A Case Study of DCT Gdańsk SA
PublicationThe future increased terminal capacity will result in more container movement through the road complex and rail siding, which are one of the most critical areas (potential bottlenecks) in the container terminal. Truck turnaround time is one of the major factors that customers take into account while deciding how many container volumes they will handle through the container terminal. To enable to optimize increased traffic with...
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Implementation of failover and load balancing algorithms in SIP PBX High Availability system
PublicationGoal of the project was to design a High Availability SIP VoIP system that guarantees access to additional services like auto-attendent and automatic call distribution. The realization of the project required system to have load balancing and failover algorithms implemented. From the end users’ point of view the whole system had to figure as a single element. After taking under consideration the known methods of implementations...
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Developing a cycling subsystem as part of a sustainable mobility strategy: the case of Gdansk
PublicationModal share is an important component in developing sustainable transport within a city. In recent years, many cities have set modal share targets for balanced and sustainable transport modes: 30% of public transport and 30% of non-motorized (cycling and walking) modes. Gdansk strategic documents have set similar goals with some actions already taken towards those goals. The cycle network is increasing popular. Gdansk’s cycling...
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The effect of tire aging on acoustic performance of CPX reference tires
PublicationReduction of tire/road noise is one of the biggest environmental challenges of road traffic. To reduce that noise it is necessary to perform acoustic measurements on the base of wellproven standard procedures. One method of measurements that is in common use, namely the Close Proximity Method (CPX), is described in standard ISO-DIS 11819-2. As this method is used to classify road surfaces regarding their influence on vehicle noise,...
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Radar Signal Parameters Estimation Using Phase Accelerogram in the Time-Frequency Domain
PublicationRadar signal parameter estimation, in the context of the reconstruction of the received signal in a passive radar utilizing other radars as a source of illumination, is one of the fundamental steps in the signal processing chain in such a device. The task is also a crucial one in electronic reconnaissance systems, e.g. ELINT (Electronic Intelligence) systems. In order to obtain accurate results it is important to measure, estimate...
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Proposed method for estimating the costs of safety barrier life cycle
PublicationToday barrier types are frequently selected for their price with little regard for the total costs the structure will incur over its lifetime. One of the basic tools designed to manage road infrastructure is the life cycle cost method (LCC, Life cycle cost). It sums up the costs to plan, design, build, operate (use and maintain) and decommission a road structure. Having developed dynamically at the turn of the century the method...
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Sound quality metrics applied to road noise evaluation
PublicationRoad noise monitoring systems typically measure sound levels in specific time periods. The more insightful approach suggests to measure also the nature of noise. Sound quality of sounds such as car noise can be objectively evaluated by several parameters. One of them is psychoacoustic annoyance, described by loudness, tone color, and the temporal structure of sound. In this paper the assessment of several sound quality parameters, such...
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Studying road restraint systems to develop new guidelines
PublicationThe paper will present a proposed approach to such work along with preliminary results of numerical studies for selected problems using road safety devices such as safety barriers on horizontal curves, the effect of kerbs on bridges or the location of obstacles within the barrier’s working width. The paper will discuss assumptions to a methodology of numerical models, calculations and automated processing of data to help with assessing...
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1D convolutional context-aware architectures for acoustic sensing and recognition of passing vehicle type
PublicationA network architecture that may be employed to sensing and recognition of a type of vehicle on the basis of audio recordings made in the proximity of a road is proposed in the paper. The analyzed road traffic consists of both passenger cars and heavier vehicles. Excerpts from recordings that do not contain vehicles passing sounds are also taken into account and marked as ones containing silence....
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Analysis of passenger car crash with a cable barrier installed with anti-glare screens on a horizontal convex road curve with 400 m radius
PublicationHigh-tension cable barriers have been used on roads for a relatively short period compared with other types of road barriers. Hence, there remains a need for further research on various crash scenarios. An important issue is the performance of a cable barrier on a road curve, particularly when a vehicle impacts the convex side of the barrier. To address this issue, the analysis in this study considers a system of anti-glare screens...
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Automated Parking Management for Urban Efficiency: A Comprehensive Approach
PublicationEffective parking management is essential for ad-dressing the challenges of traffic congestion, city logistics, and air pollution in densely populated urban areas. This paper presents an algorithm designed to optimize parking management within city environments. The proposed system leverages deep learning models to accurately detect and classify street elements and events. Various algorithms, including automatic segmentation of...
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an intelligent image processing sensor - the algorithm and the hardware implementation
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono algorytm przeznaczony do rozpoznawania obiektów ruchomych w obrazie do celu analizy ruchu pojazdów. Algorytm został zrealizowany w układzie FPGA.Ang.: This paper describes the idea and theimplementation of the robust algorithm dedicated toextraction of moving vehicles from real-time cameraimages for the evaluation of traffic parameters, suchas the number of vehicles, their direction of movementand their...
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Protection of historical heritage as part of the development of cultural tourism – a case study of the community of Kamieniec Ząbkowicki in Lower Silesia
PublicationBoth literature and economics show a changing approach to historical heritage. It is no longer seen as a resource that generates only high maintenance costs. Analyses of local government units (LGUs) show that historical heritage is a strength rather than a weakness. More and more often, it is considered in economic development strategies as an asset that creates new activities and functions, generates income, and creates jobs....
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An approach to improve the time efficiency of disjoint paths calculation
PublicationFailures of network elements can be appropriately dealt with by utilization of alternate disjoint paths to provide redirection of flows affected by failures of the respective working paths. Known approaches can be broadly divided by decision on backup paths installation into proactive and reactive mechanisms, as well as based on the scope of recovery actions into local and global rerouting. There are several important scenarios...
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Interlaboratory Test to Characterize the Cyclic Behavior of Bituminous Interlayers: An Overview of Testing Equipment and Protocols
PublicationThe performance assessment of multi-layered pavements strongly depends on the mechanical behavior of the interface between bituminous layers. So far, comprehensive studies have been carried out mainly using quasi-static laboratory tests focusing on the interlayer shear strength at failure. However, it is generally recognized that cyclic shear testing will lead to the determination of parameters which are more closely linked to...
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Evaluation of Street Lighting Efficiency Using a Mobile Measurement System
PublicationThe issue concerns the initial stage of work on a method for performing a rapid assessment of the energy efficiency and illuminance of a street lighting installation. The proposed method is based on simultaneous measurement of illuminance from three lux meters placed on the roof of the vehicle. The data are acquired in road traffic, while the vehicle is driving. The proposed solution will allow in the future to quickly and reproducibly...
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Assessment of the Influence of Road Infrastructure Parameters on the Behaviour of Drivers and Pedestrians in Pedestrian Crossing Areas
PublicationPedestrians are participants and, most likely, fatalities in every third road traffic accident in Poland. Over 30% of all fatalities on Polish roads are pedestrians. Accidents with pedestrians are very often the result of various factors related to the infrastructure and behaviour of pedestrians and drivers. The objective of the work was to assess driver and pedestrian behaviour in pedestrian crossing areas. The research also served...
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Reliable routing and resource allocation scheme for hybrid RF/FSO networks
PublicationSignificant success of wireless networks in the last decade has changed the paradigms of communication networks design. In particular, the growing interest in wireless mesh networks (WMNs) is observed. WMNs offer an attractive alternative to conventional cable infrastructures, especially in urban areas, where the cost of new installations is almost prohibitive. Unfortunately, the performance of WMNs is often limited by the cluttered...
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Car-sharing: The Impact on Metropolitan Spatial Structures
PublicationMany examples from the past show that new technologies designed to solve particular problems can also create side effects generating new problems. Some unforeseen or unwanted results may influence space use and spatial structures. Car-sharing is an invention to compete with car ownership. It drastically rise efficiency of car use, reducing the number of vehicles per users. Diffusion of car-sharing is going to accelerate in the...