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Search results for: ENERGY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
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Identyfikacja uszkodzeń tłoków silników okrętowych metodami endoskopowymi w eksploatacji
PublicationW opracowaniu przedstawiono wybrane zagadnienia diagnostyki endoskopowej przestrzeni roboczych okrętowych tłokowych silników spalinowych. Przybliżono podstawy teoretyczne procesu powstawania uszkodzeń tłoków układów cylindrowych w aspekcie identyfikacji i genezy znanych i rozpoznawalnych stanów niezdatności eksploatacyjnej. Zaprezentowano wyniki badań endoskopowych dotyczące uszkodzeń tłoków, które najczęściej występowały w procesie...
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Wybrane aspekty zużycia ostrzy skrawających wykonanych z PcBN
PublicationObróbka materiałów twardych związana jest z obróbką materiałów o twardości powyżej 50 HRC. Obróbka ta może być obróbką wykończeniową ze względu namożliwość osiągnięcia wysokiej jakości i dokładności przedmiotów obrabianych po tejoperacji. Obróbka materiałów w stanie twardym lub utwardzonym związana jest z zastosowaniem specjalnych narzędzi, które są wykonane z nowych materiałów, takich jak PcBN. W artykule zaprezentowano wybrane...
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Virgin rapeseed oils obtained from different rape varieties by cold pressed method - their characteristics, properties, and differences
PublicationCelem pracy było porównanie olejów uzyskanych z różnych odmian rzepaku. Oznaczono skład kwasów tłuszczowych, wartości liczb charakterystycznych (AcV, AnV, PV, TOTOX), zawartość karotenów, tokoferoli, chlorofili, polifenoli, metali (żelazo i miedź). Oznaczono stabilność oksydatywną olejów tłoczonych na zimno. Oznaczono skład frakcji lotnej i przeprowadzono analizy sensoryczne.
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Sources and Fate of PAHs and PCBs in the Marine Environment
PublicationThe assessment of a hazard resulting from the pollution of the environment by chemical compounds is in principle limited to the determination of their concentrations in its various compartments. But for solving many problems in this context, knowledge of the emission sources, transport pathways, and sites of deposition is of great benefit. By far the largest amounts of pollutants, regardless of where they were discharged, end up...
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Pollutants in Airport Runoff Waters
PublicationRunoff waters from airport areas constitute a serious environmentalproblem. It is essential to monitor levels of pollutants emitted intothe environment and measure their toxicity on a continuous basis.The authors' aim was to critically review data on pollution fromaviation fuel combustion, aviation fuel spillage, the washing andcleaning of aircraft and airport service equipment, and the useof de-/anti-icing agents published in...
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Environmental fate of BTEX compounds in ambient air
PublicationAs a result of the industrialization and urbanization in the world, human pressure on the environment is intensifying, leading to detrimental changes in both biotic and abiotic compartments. One of the many consequences of this state of affairs is the increasing rate of emission into the atmosphere of volatile organic compounds, including the so-called BTEX (benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, xylenes) compounds. The article reviews...
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Simulations of fracture in concrete elements using continuous and discontinuous models
PublicationArtykuł przedstawia wyniki symulacji MES w elementach betonowych przy zastosowaniu modeli ciągłych i nieciągłych. Stosując modele ciągłe symulowano proces lokalizacji odkształceń. Stosując modele nieciągłe symulowano proces zarysowania. Obliczenia wykonano dla różnych typów obciążeń.
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The possibility of use by-products for synthesis of emulsifiers
PublicationIn the last years the interest in use of materials originated from natural sources, e.g. vegetables to produce attractive products still grows. According to that, also the synthesis of these products should be adequate to the green chemistry requirements. The typical example observed in recent years focuses on utlization of bioglycerol - the by - product of global biodiesel manufacturing. The still growing production of biodiesel...
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Wpływ temperatury rozruchu silnika na czas pracy bez uwzględnienia w sterowaniu sygnału z czujnika stężenia tlenu
PublicationW pracy omówiono wybrane zagadnienia związane z wpływem temperatury rozruchu silnika spalinowego na emisję związków toksycznych w spalinach. Jednym z czynników powodujących wzrost emisji związków toksycznych podczas zimnego rozruchu jest sterowanie pracą silnika spalinowego bez udziału sygnału z czujnika stężenia tlenu. W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań wpływu temperatury na czas pracy bez uwzględniania tego ważnego w sterowaniu...
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Photoinduced and thermal oxidation of rapeseed and sunflower oils
PublicationCelem prezentowanych badań było porównanie stabilności oksydatywnej olejów rzepakowych i słonecznikowych. Na etapie przyspieszania utleniania zastosowano promieniowanie UV. Po naświetlaniu lotne produkty utlenienia były izolowane z fazy nadpowierzchniowej przy pomocy mikroekstrakcji do fazy stacjonarnej HS-SPME(włókno DVB/CAR/PDMS) i oznaczane z zastosowaniem chromatografii gazowej z detektorem płomieniowo-jonizacyjnym (GC/FID)....
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Sensorless induction motor drive for electric vehicle application
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono układ napędowy pojazdu elektrycznego wykorzystujący niezawodny i tani silnik prądu przemiennego. Zastosowany trójfazowy silnik asynchroniczny klatkowy wymaga zasilaniaz falownika napięcia przekształcającego napięcie stałe z akumulatorów na napięcie przemienne. Wykonany tranzystorowy przekształtnik sterowany jest mikroprocesorowo. Zastosowany procesor realizuje algorytm sterowania polowo zorientowanego,...
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The role of biodegradable particulate and colloidal organic compounds in biological nutrient removal activated sludge systems
PublicationThe efficiency of denitrification and enhanced biological phosphorus removal in biological nutrient removal activated sludge systems is strongly dependent on the availability of appropriate carbon sources. Due to high costs of commercial compounds (such as methanol, ethanol, acetic acid, etc.) and acclimation periods (usually) required, the effective use of internal substrates is preferred. The aim of this study was to determine...
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The Fate of BTEX Compounds in Ambient Air
PublicationAs a result of the industrialization and urbanization in the world, human pressure on the environment is intensifying, leading to detrimental changes in both biotic and abiotic compartments. One of the many consequences of this state of affairs is the increasing rate of emission into the atmosphere of volatile organic compounds, including the so-called BTEX (benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, xylenes) compounds. The authors review...
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Influence of cabbage juices on oxidative changes of rapeseed oil and lard
PublicationCelem badań było określenie wpływu soków wyizolowanych z kapusty surowej i kiszonej na przemiany oksydatywne i termooksydatywne tłuszczów roślinnych (na przykładzie oleju rzepakowego podwójnie ulepszonego) i zwierzęcych (na przykładzie smalcu). Tłuszcze te ogrzewano w temperaturze 100 0C z sokami z kapusty w układzie modelowym przez 6 godzin, pobierając co 1,5 godz. próbki do badań.Po procesie ogrzewania tłuszczów w obecnosci soków...
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Comparative characterisation of durian, mango and avocado
PublicationCelem przeprowadzonych badan była ocena właściwości odżywczych i bioaktywnych stosunkowo mało znanych egzotycznych owoców duriana i ich porównanie z parametrami charakteryzującymi powszechnie znane owoce mango i gruszki adwokackiej. W badaniach wykorzystano takie techniki jak HPLC, trójwymiarowa fluorescencja (3D-FL), testy oparte na zastosowaniu rodników (ABTS i DPPH) oraz zaawansowane techniki chemometryczne. na podstawie uzyskanych...
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Formation of Surface Topography During Turning of AISI 1045 Steel Considering the Type of Cutting Edge Coating
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Evaluation of the Surface Topography of Ti6Al4V Alloy after the Finish Turning Process under Ecological Conditions
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Electrosynthesis of potato starch-casein complexes
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Design and Thermodynamic Analysis of an SOFC System for Naval Surface Ship Application
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Virtual instrument using bilinear transformation for parameter identification of high impedance objects.
PublicationArtykuł przedstawia przyrząd wirtualny do pomiaru parametrów obiektów wysokoimpedancyjnych (/Zx/<10GOhm). Opracowano metodę identyfikacji elementów składowych dwójników wieloelementowych opartą na przekształceniu biliniowym.Metoda jest predestynowana do identyfikacji parametrów różnych powłok antykorozyjnych. Dla identyfikacji konieczne są wektorowe pomiary impedancji obiektu na kilku wybranych częstotliwościach, których liczba...
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Preservation and storage of water samples
PublicationOd momentu pobrania próbki do wykonania tej analizy wody mogą zmieniać swoje właściwości na skutek zachodzących w nich procesów chemicznych, fizycznych, czy też biologicznych. W pracy omówiono zmiany mogące zachodzić w próbkach wodnych oraz przyczyny ich występowania. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na reakcje chemiczne, procesy fizykochemiczne, reakcje biochemiczne i fotochemiczne. Przedstawiono również techniki konserwacji próbek wód...
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A Chemical Recognition Element for Lithium Ions Based on Optical Electronic Absorption.
PublicationOtrzymano próbki kserożeli techniką zol-żel. Otrzymane materiały zastosowano do konstrukcji czujników optycznych. Rolę elementu rozpoznającego w uzyskanych próbkach pełnią chromogeniczne etery koronowe zawierające w makro pierścieniu dwie grupy azowe oraz resztę fenolu. W obecności soli metali I grupy układ u okresowego obserwowano zmiany w widmach absorpcyjnych. Dla matrycy zawierającej jako materiał czujnikowy 21-członową...
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Impact of high-pressure processing on the bioactive compounds of milk - A comprehensive review
PublicationHigh-pressure processing (HPP) is a promising alternative to thermal pasteurization. Recent studies highlighted the effectivity of HPP (400–600 MPa and exposure times of 1–5 min) in reducing pathogenic microflora for up to 5 logs. Analysis of modern scientific sources has shown that pressure affects the main components of milk including fat globules, lactose, casein micelles. The behavior of whey proteins under HPP is very important...
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Influence of Surface Laser Treatment on Mechanical Properties and Residual Stresses of Titanium and its Alloys
PublicationSurface modification of the titanium and its alloys used in implantology with a long-pulse laser can change the surface topography, but it also leads to changes in the stress sign and magnitude in the resulting subsurface layer. The presented research was aimed at evaluating the state of stress after laser remelting with the Nd:YAG laser of pre-etched titanium alloys Ti6Al4V and Ti13Nb13Zr and pure titanium. The obtained surface...
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Fracture Surface Topography Parameters for S235JR Steel Adhesive Joints After Fatigue Shear Testing
PublicationThis paper presents the experimental results of a study investigating the effect of holes and notches made on the overlap ends on the strength of adhesive joints. Single-lap joints made of S235JR steel sheets bonded with Araldite 2024-2 epoxy adhesive were tested. For comparative reasons, static shear strength tests and high-cycle fatigue strength tests were performed. Adhesive-filled joints having three holes, each with a diameter...
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The selective salinity and hydrazine parameters for the start-up of non-anammox-specific biomass SBR
PublicationThe presence of ammonium (NH 4+ ) in wastewater above the permissible limits leads to undesirable ecological impact and public health concerns. In this study, the anaerobic ammonium oxidizing (anammox) bacteria-mediated nitrogen removal was investigated using a sequential batch reactor (SBR). Effects of different salinity levels were evaluated on the bacterial activity at: mild (below 0.2 g NaCl/L), elevated (18.2 g NaCl/L) and...
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Effect of Arc Strikes on High Strength Low Alloy Steels Welded by SMAW
PublicationWet welding with covered electrodes (Shielded Metal Arc Welding – SMAW) is the most commonly used method of carrying out welding repair works in a water environment. Limited visibility and the inability to move freely under water result in an increased risk of formation of welding imperfections such as lack of fusion, lack of penetration and arc strikes. The work focused on changes in the properties and structure of steel subjected...
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Bending Moment Control and Weight Optimization in Space Structures by Adding Extra Members in the Optimal Locations
PublicationThis paper investigates the reduction of bending moment in critical members by adding some extra members in the optimum location. Instead of enlarging the size of members to resist the moment, eight additional members are added in the optimum location to reduce the bending moment in the critical members. The total weight of the proposed structure with extra members is less than that of the original structure that resists the induced...
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Comparative assessment of two extraction procedures for determination of bioactive compounds in some berries used for daily food consumption
PublicationTwo extractions with methanol and water were used to determine the antioxidant and binding properties of some berries as a supplement to food. Fluorometry, FTIR spectra and radical scavenging assays were used for characterisation of bioactive compounds (polyphenols, flavonoids, flavanols and tannins) and the levels of their antioxidant activities (AAs). The contents of bioactive compounds and AAs in water and methanol polyphenol...
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The Impact of Material Selection on Durability of Exhaust Valve Faces of a Ship Engine – A Case Study
Publicationwo alloys were used in order to extend the service life of marine engine exhaust valve head. Layers of cobalt base alloys were made of the powders with with chemical composition as follow: the layer marked L12; C-1,55%; Si-1,21%; Cr-29,7%; W-9%; Ni-2%; Mo<0,01%; Fe-1,7%; Co-54,83% and the layer marked N; C-1,45%; Co-38,9%; Cr-24,13%; Ni-10,43%; W-8,75%; Fe-7,64%; Mo-7,56%; Si-2,59%. Base metal was valve steel after heat treatment....
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Reviewing the recent developments of using graphene-based nanosized materials in membrane separations
PublicationAccording to the potentialities of graphene-based materials and their unique physicochemical properties. Such 2D nanomaterials are likely to be the most implemented within the improvement of the selective separations of polymer membranes, together with enhanced physicochemical properties (such as hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, transport of molecules, mechanical and thermal features, among others). Hence, this review compiles and...
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Testing of Technical Fabrics under Fast Camera Control
PublicationThe dynamic development of measurement and recording techniques has been changing the way one conceives material strength. In this study, two different methods of evaluating the strength of fabrics are compared. The first is the typical and commonly used technique based on the use of a testing machine. The second method uses the so-called “fast camera” to monitor the entire process of the destruction of a fabric sample and analyse...
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The correlation between nutritional and health potential and antioxidant properties of raw edible oils from cultivated and wild plants
PublicationThe nutritional properties and health potential of oils from 15 various cultivated and wild plants were investigated on the basis of the fatty acids profiles, total carotenoids and tocopherols content, antioxidant properties and health potential indexes such as atherogenicity index (AI). The oil contents of the plants varied between 0.9 g/100 g for lychee seeds and 29.7 g/100 g for borage seeds. The tocopherol content in oils ranged...
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Artificial neural network prophecy of ion exchange process for Cu (II) eradication from acid mine drainage
PublicationThe removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater was found to be significant when the cation exchange procedure was used effectively. The model of the cation exchange process was built using an artificial neural network (ANN). The acid mine drainage waste’s Cu(II) ion was removed using Indion 730 cation exchange resin. Experimental data from 252 cycles were recorded. In a column study, 252 experimental observations validated the...
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Electrochemical degradation of textile dyes in a flow reactor: effect of operating conditions and dyes chemical structure
PublicationIn this study, electrochemical oxidation of five azo dyestuffs (Yellow D-5GN, Red D-B8, Ruby F-2B, Blue D-5RN, Black DN), that are widely used in the textile industry, was investigated in a flow reactor. BDD electrode with a high boron doping level (C/B = 10 000) was prepared and used. Two configurations of reactor were considered, i.e., one with the undivided cell, and the other with the cell divided by anodic and cathodic compartments....
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The application of Monod equation to denitrification kinetics description in the moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR)
PublicationIn this paper, the kinetic constants Vmax and KCOD occurring in the Monod equation, which describe the denitrification process in the moving bed, are determined. For this purpose, a laboratory moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) was used. The filling of the reactor consisted of EvU Perl carriers. The experiment was carried out with an excess of nitrate, and denitrification rate was dependent on the concentration of external organic...
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The importance and availability of marine certified reference materials
PublicationTraceability and reliable results are the two pillars of analytical methods; certified reference materials (CRMs) meet this requirement. ISO 17034:2016 credentials provide brief information on general requirements for the competence of Reference Material Producers (RMPs). The different types of CRMs have been produced in recent years for chemical analysis in food, water, soil, and sediment matrices in recent years. This review...
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Bead-on-Plate Underwater Wet Welding on S700MC Steel
PublicationThe participation of high strength steels in marine and offshore structures is increasing, which makes it necessary to develop recommendations for underwater repair welding works. The article presents the results of bead-on-plate welded specimens made of S700MC high strength steel in underwater wet welding conditions by covered elec- trodes. Three specimens with heat input values in the range 0.91-1.05 kJ/mm were made. The specimens...
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The potential interaction of environmental pollutants and circadian rhythm regulations that may cause leukemia
PublicationTumor suppressor genes are highly affected during the development of leukemia, including circadian clock genes. Circadian rhythms constitute an evolutionary molecular machinery involving many genes, such as BMAL1, CLOCK, CRY1, CRY2, PER1, PER2, REV-ERBa, and RORA, for tracking time and optimizing daily life during day-night cycles and seasonal changes. For circulating blood cells many of these genes coordinate their proliferation,...
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Transient modeling in common DC link of power converters
PublicationПредмет исследования. Представлена математическая модель силовых преобразователей электропривода, питающихся от общего звена постоянного тока, на примере тяговых электроприводов карьерного самосвала БЕЛАЗ-90 мощностью 280 кВт. Модель выполнена в пакете MATLAB/Simulink. Новизна предложенной модели заключается в применении новой топологии силовой схемы для исследования работы двух инверторов, под- ключенных к одному звену постоянного...
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Seasonal changes of the concentrations of mineral forms of nitrogen and phosphorus in watercourses in the agricultural catchment area (Bay of Puck, Baltic Sea, Poland)
PublicationThe Baltic Region countries are obliged to meet the stringent limits of N and P discharge set by HELCOM for 2021. Area sources of pollution, including agriculture, are considered the main contributors of biogenic compounds. The Bay of Puck as an inner part of the Baltic Sea is particularly sensitive to eutrophication caused by nutrient in flow from agricultural lands. Rivers and streams inflowing to the Bay of Puck transport nitrogen...
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Renewable natural resources as green alternative substrates to obtain bio-based non-isocyanate polyurethanes-review
PublicationCommercially available polyurethanes are synthesized by the polyaddition of diisocyanates with polyols and low molecular weight chain extenders. A new approach to polyurethanes synthesis is realized via non-isocyanate routes. Negative impacts of petroleum-based chemicals on the environment and human health as well as gradual reduction of fuel-based resources, which leads to an increase in their prices, are an incentive to looking...
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Infografika - aktywizujące środowisko edukacyjne
PublicationArtykuł analizuje szerokie spektrum zagadnień związanych z infografikami. Opisuje sposoby ich tworzenia w celu efektywnej wizualizacji informacji, danych i wiedzy oraz publikowania ich w portalach LCMS dla osiągnięcia celów pedagogicznych. Zwraca uwagę na znaczenie, jakie mają w stymulowaniu studentów do aktywnego i kreatywnego uczestniczenia w procesie uczenia się. Podkreśla także ich ogromną rolę w innowacyjnej edukacji, w szczególności...
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Aspekty Edukacyjne Wirtualnych Światów. Aplikacja Second Life
PublicationArtykuł koncentruje się na trójwymiarowych środowiskach wirtualnych i ich funkcjonalności edukacyjnej na przykładzie świata Second Life. Wbrew opiniom pojawiającym się od czasu do czasu w literaturze przedmiotu światy wirtualne 3D nie odchodzą w przeszłość, przynajmniej nie w sektorze edukacyjnym. Autorzy artykułu próbują to wykazać,przedstawiając różne aspekty Second Life w zastosowaniach dydaktycznych, naukowych,...
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Antibiotic resistance in wastewater, does the context matter? Poland and Portugal as a case study
PublicationAntibiotic resistance has been considered a major human health threat that may endanger the success of medicine. Recent studies have unveiled worldwide asymmetries of antibiotic resistance occurrence, being factors as diverse as climate, socioeconomic, or antibiotic use possible drivers of such asymmetric distribution. In Europe, where clinical antibiotic resistance is surveyed for more than 20 years, the European Center for Disease...
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A state of the art review on the use of fungi in biofiltration to remove volatile hydrophobic pollutants
PublicationThe physical/chemical abatement of gas pollutants creates many technical problems, is costly and entails significant environmental impacts. Biological purification of off-gases is a cheap and ecologically safe way of neutralization of gas pollutants. Despite the recent advances, the main technological challenge nowadays is the purification of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of hydrophobic character due to their low solubility...
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What should we know when choosing feather, blood, egg or preen oil as biological samples for contaminants detection? A non-lethal approach to bird sampling for PCBs, OCPs, PBDEs and PFASs
PublicationBirds are considered as good bio-monitors and they can provide highly valuable data about the level of contamination in their habitat. During the design of biomonitoring studies one of the first issues after choosing species is the choice of biological material. Non-lethally collected samples have recently been gaining greater attention as they offer several ethical and practical advantages. However, not all sample matrices are...
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Using Minimum Actuators to Control Shape and Stress of a Double Layer Spherical Model Under Gravity and Lateral Loadings
PublicationSpherical domes are picturesque structures built in developed countries to attract tourists. Due to horizontal and vertical overloading, the structures’ attractive shapes may be disturbed, and some members' stress may exceed the elastic level. In this paper, the shape and stress of a deformed double-layer spherical numerical model due to simultaneous lateral and vertical loadings are controlled, meanwhile, the number of actuators...
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Effects of artificial lighting on bioactivity of sweet red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)
PublicationRecent studies have shown that artificial light effectively promotes the growth and development of red peppers when light spectra, intensities and duration are controlled. Cited reports deal mostly with studies involving with the growth stages of pepper. Changes in the biochemical status of plants were not studied. Therefore, this study focuses on the changes in the content of some bioactive compounds (polyphenols, flavonoids,...
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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TRANSPORT ORGANIZATION AND FUNCTIONING OF WATER TRAMS IN GDAŃSK, BYDGOSZCZ AND KRAKÓW
PublicationThe subject of this work is to identify and juxtapose solutions implemented in transport provided by water trams for the following cities: Gdańsk, Bydgoszcz and Kraków. As a result of the conducted analysis of transport factors, the degree of conformity of project objectives to the actual role of the water tram has been determined. It was found that the Kraków Water Tram (also known as Cracow Water Tram) is characterized by the...