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Głowice optoelektroniczne bezzałogowych środków latających
PublikacjaBezzałogowe środki latające nie wymagają długiego i kosztownego szkolenia załóg. Koszty ich wdrożenia są wielokrotnie niższe od załogowych środków latających. Bezzałogowe środki latające są następcami załogowych pojazdów latających rozpoznawczych i obserwacyjnych. Jednym z podstawowych elementów wyposażania bezzałogowego środka latającego jest głowica optoelektroniczna. Głowice wyposażone są w systemy rejestracji i śledzenia wskazanych...
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ANALYSIS OF ROLLING RESISTANCE OF TIRES WITH RUN FLAT INSERT APPLYING DRUM METHOD AND RADIAL CHARACTERISTIC
PublikacjaThis paper presents analysis of rolling resistance of tires with RUN FLAT insert applying drum method and radial characteristic. The conducted studies indicated changes in operational properties of wheel, occurring as a result of inflation pressure drop in the wheel. As regards radial elasticity, such changes result in significant drop of radial rigidity and increase of static deflection and increase of tire rolling resistance....
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Research on operational characteristics of tyres with run flat insert
PublikacjaThe paper describes results of research on heavy vehicle tyre with Run Flat VFI insert. The experiment has included the determination of heat generation, rolling resistanceand radial stifnessof two different tyre designes (textile and steel carcass). The results have been used for the purpose of ewalution of tyre operating characteristics. The study included research on non-inflated tyre properties. The purpose of the paper is...
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Precise Bathymetry as a Step Towards Producing Bathymetric Electronic Navigational Charts for Comparative (Terrain Reference) Navigation
PublikacjaBathymetric Electronic Navigational Charts (bENCs) contain only bathymetry data and can be used in applications such as underwater positioning, dredging and piloting. According to International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) standard S-57, Electronic Navigational Charts (ENCs) contain depth information with pure density of depth contours. Typical depth contours encoded by Hydrographic Offices are limited to 2, 5, 10 and 20 m....
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Thermal properties of a cement composite containing phase change materials (PCMs) with post-pyrolytic char obtained from spent tyres as a carrier
PublikacjaThis work examines the possible use of post-pyrolysis char made from spent vehicle tyres as a carrier for phase change materials (PCM), which could be used as an additive to cement mortar. Because of the ability of PCM to accumulate heat, the cement composite obtained from it, apart from its structural and strength properties, will acquire an additional energy storage function, which can be very important for energy-saving construction. In...
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Analysis of AC/DC/DC Converter Modules for Direct Current Fast-Charging Applications
PublikacjaThe paper is a comprehensive laboratory comparison study of two galvanic isolated solution off-board battery chargers: (1) Si-based cost-effective case, and (2) SiC-bidirectional ready for vehicle to grid concept case. All circuits are modular, and in both cases the DC/DC converter can be replaced according to the end user requirements (the coupled transformer remains the same and is constructed based on 12xC100 cores to avoid...
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Closed-Loop Control System Design for Wireless Charging of Low-Voltage EV Batteries with Time-Delay Constraints
PublikacjaThis paper presents an inductive power transfer system on the basis of a double single- phase three-level T-type inverter and two split transmitting coils for constant current and constant voltage wireless charging of low-voltage light electric vehicle batteries with closed-loop control, considering time-delay communication constraints. An optimal control structure and a modified control strategy were chosen and implemented to...
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Emission of 1.3–10 nm airborne particles from brake materials
PublikacjaOperation of transport vehicle brakes makes a significant contribution to airborne particulate matter in urban areas, which is subject of numerous studies due to the environmental concerns. We investigated the presence and number fractions of 1.3–10 nm airborne particles emitted from a low-metallic car brake material (LM), a non-asbestos organic car brake material (NAO) and a train brake cast iron against a cast iron. Particles...
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Correlations between the wear of car brake friction materials and airborne wear particle emissions
PublikacjaAirborne wear particles emitted from transport vehicle brakes are one of the main sources of toxic metals in inhalable particulate matter. Prediction of wear particle emissions may become more accurate if the relationship between the wear and particle emission characteristics is known. An experimental study was performed to investigate proportional correlations between the mass wear, 0.01–0.42 μm particle emission measured by a NanoScan...
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Recent advances in traffic optimisation: systematic literature review of modern models, methods and algorithms
PublikacjaOver the past few decades, the increasing number of vehicles and imperfect road traffic management have been sources of congestion in cities and reasons for deteriorating health of its inhabitants. With the help of computer simulations, transport engineers optimise and improve the capacity of city streets. However, with an enormous number of possible simulation types, it is difficult to grasp valuable, innovative solutions which...
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Use of a Least Squares with Conditional Equations Method in Positioning a Tramway Track in the Gdansk Agglomeration
PublikacjaSatellite measurement techniques have been used for many years in different types of human activity, including work related to staking out and making use of rail infrastructure. First and foremost, satellite techniques are applied to determine the tramway track course and to analyse the changes of its position during its operation. This paper proposes using the least squares with conditional equations method, known in geodesy (LSce)....
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Experimental determination of general characteristic of internal combustion engine using mobile test bench connected via Power Take-Off unit
PublikacjaThe general characteristics of the engine include information about the regions of the engine's operating area that are most efficient, where specific fuel consumption reaches the smallest values. Economic operation based on those characteristics can contribute to a significant reduction of fuel consumption and consequently less pollutant emissions and lower costs. The paper presents an experimental method of determination of general...
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Poroelastic Road Surface – a Promising Road Traffic Noise Abatement Solution
PublikacjaRoad surfaces have a direct impact on the generation of noise by rolling tyres, the main and dominant source of noise of moving vehicles, as well as may affect propagation of noise emitted by all noise sources of a vehicle. Thus there is no doubt that pavement should be considered as one of the major potential road traffic noise abatement measure. Low noise pavements of existing types may in new conditions provide up to 8 dB of...
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INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON THE TYRE ROLLING RESISTANCE
PublikacjaTemperature is a very important factor controlling rolling resistance of road vehicle tyres. There are at least three different temperatures that may be considered as important factors controlling thermal conditions of the rolling tyre. The most common measure of the thermal conditions during tyre rolling is ambient air temperature. The other two are: pavement temperature and “tyre” temperature. Tyre temperature is the most difficult...
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Heat transfer enhancement of modular thermal energy storage unit for reversible heat pump cooperation
PublikacjaThe following article presents experimental comparison research on a hexagonal shelland-tube latent thermal energy storage (TES). Such shape of a shell was deliberately chosen instead of a cylindrical one due to its high modularity and with intent for future applications in automobiles (EV and PHEV) air conditioning systems (HVAC). Two geometries of helical coils, acting as tubes, were studied in this article. One was a simple...
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Partial Admission Stages of High Efficiency for a Microturbine
PublikacjaThe paper presents the results of a design analysis of a microturbine for a cogeneration micro-power plant working in accordance with organic Rankine cycle. The heat power of the plant is assumed equal to 20kW and the corresponding available electric output is estimated to be about 3 kW. After the design analysis, the axial turbine with partial admission in all stages was built and tested experimentally. Special attentionwas paid...
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Ideas of the New European Bauhaus (NEB) in architectural education
PublikacjaThe New European Bauhaus (NEB) is an interdisciplinary project initiated by the European Commission in 2020 [1], based on three values: sustainability, beauty and community (social inclusion). Its aim is to support the European Green Deal programme [2] by accelerating the transformation of various economic sectors, including construction, to improve the quality of people’s lives and protect the natural environment. Even though...
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Is the Concept of Zero Waste Possible to Implement in Construction?
PublikacjaThe scientifically treated problem of reusing building materials appeared in the literature more than 50 years ago. This paper includes an analysis of the characteristics of recycled building materials, which is a prerequisite for rational recycling. The analysis and simulation of building stocks at different scales has led to the conclusion that the most important link in the transformation of the construction industry towards...
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Validation Process for Computational Model of Full-Scale Segment for Design of Composite Footbridge
PublikacjaExperimental tests and numerical simulations of a full-scale segment of a foot and cycle bridge made of polymer composites are presented in the paper. The analysed structure is made of sandwich panels, which consist of glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) multi-layered laminate faces and a PET foam (obtained from recycling) core. The dimensions of the segment cross-section are the same as for the target footbridge; however, span...
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Hysteresis curves for some periodic and aperiodic perturbations in magnetosonic flow
PublikacjaA thermodynamic relation between perturbations of pressure and mass density in the magnetohydrodynamic flow is theoretically studied. Planar magnetohydrodynamic perturbations with the wave vector, which forms a constant angle with the equilibrium magnetic field, are under study. The theory considers thermal conduction of a plasma and the deviation from adiabaticity of a flow due to some kind of heating–cooling function. It also...
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Analiza możliwości odzyskiwania ciepła odpadowego w przemyśle rafineryjnym z wykorzystaniem układów ORC
PublikacjaJednym z najważniejszych zagadnień współczesnej techniki jest poszukiwanie nowych możliwości pozyskiwania energii elektrycznej poprzez zagospodarowanie dotychczas niewykorzystanych lub bezużytecznie marnowanych jej źródeł. Jest to niezwykle ważna kwestia zarówno z ekonomicznego, technologicznego, jak i środowiskowego punktu widzenia. Jednym z przykładów nowoczesnych rozwiązań w tej dziedzinie może być zastosowanie układu opartego...
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Partial Admission Stages of High Efficiency for a Microturbine
PublikacjaThe paper presents the results of a design analysis of a micro-turbine for a co-generation micro-power plant working in accordance with organic Rankine cycle. The heat power of the plant is assumed equal to 20kW and the corresponding available electric output is estimated to be about 3kW. After the design analysis, the axial turbine with partial admission in all stages was built and tested experimentally. Special attention was...
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The conception of energetic investigations of the multisymptom fatigue of the simple mechanical systems' constructional materials
PublikacjaThe article presents the basic assumptions of the research project aimed, as the main scientific purpose, an identification of the slow-changeable energy processes surrounding the high-cycle fatigue of constructional materials within the plain mechanical system, especially the marine one, for diagnostic purposes. There is foreseen an application of alternative diagnostic methods based on energetic observations of the multi-symptom,...
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Criteria for selection of working fluid in low-temperature ORC
PublikacjaThe economics of an ORC system is strictly linked to thermodynamic properties of the working fluid. A bad choice of working fluid could lead to a less efficient and expensive plant/generation unit. Some selection criteria have been put forward by various authors, incorporating thermodynamic properties, provided in literature but these do not have a general character. In the paper a simple analysis has been carried out which resulted...
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Cooperation of ORC installation with a gas boiler as a perspective co-generation system for households
PublikacjaThis paper reports tests of an innovative micro-CHP unit prototype, consisting of a traditional gas boiler and organic Rankine cycle (ORC), which incorporates original system components such as an axial vapour microturbine, evaporator and condenser. The system co-generates heat and electricity for a single household or a group of households. Electricity is only a by-product during production of heat. While testing the prototype,...
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Experience-Based Decisional DNA (DDNA) to Support Product Development
PublikacjaKnowledge and experience are important requirements for product development. The aim of this paper is to propose a systematic approach for industrial product development. This approach uses smart knowledge management system comprising of Set of Experience Knowledge Structure and Decisional DNA (DDNA) along with Virtual Engineering Tools (Virtual engineering object, Virtual engineering process, and Virtual engineering factory)....
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Comparison analysis of selected nuclear power plants supplied with helium from high-temperature gas-cooled reactor
PublikacjaThe article presents results of efficiency calculations for two 560 MW nuclear cycles with high-temperature gas-cooled reactor (HTGR). An assumption was made that systems of this type can be used in so-called marine nuclear power plants. The first analysed system is the nuclear steam power plant. For the steam cycle, the efficiency calculations were performed with the code DIAGAR, which is dedicated for analysing this type of systems....
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Gazowa mikrosiłownia domowa z modułem ORC - doświadczenia z badania prototypu
PublikacjaArtykuł zawiera rozważania nad ideą wykorzystania obiegu parowego ORC (Organic Rankine Cycle) do skojarzonej produkcji ciepła i energii elektrycznej dla pokrycia potrzeb indywidualnego odbiorcy. Dokonano w nim podsumowania dotychczasowych prac prowadzonych przez Autorów, które zaowocowały budową demonstracyjno-badawczego stanowiska mikro-CHP z technologią ORC w skali „domowej”, współpracującą z komercyjnym kotłem gazowym. W publikacji...
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3D Hierarchical Boron-Doped Diamond-Multilayered Graphene Nanowalls as an Efficient Supercapacitor Electrode
PublikacjaSynthesis of stable hybrid carbon nanostructure for high-performance supercapacitor electrode with long life-cycle for electronic and energy storage devices is a real challenge. Here, we present a one-step synthesis method to produce conductive boron-doped hybrid carbon nanowalls (HCNWs), where sp2-bonded graphene has been integrated with and over a three-dimensional curved wall-like network of sp3-bonded diamond. The spectroscopic...
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The valance state of vanadium-key factor in the flexibility of potassium vanadates structure as cathode materials in Li-ion batteries
PublikacjaPotassium hexavanadate (K2V6O16·nH2O) nanobelts have been synthesized by the LPE-IonEx method, which is dedicated to synthesis of transition metal oxide bronzes with controlled morphology and structure. The electrochemical performance of K2V6O16·nH2O as a cathode material for lithium-ion batteries has been evaluated. The KVO nanobelts demonstrated a high discharge capacity of 260 mAh g−1, and long-term cyclic stability up to 100...
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Effect of Pin Shape on Thermal History of Aluminum-Steel Friction Stir Welded Joint: Computational Fluid Dynamic Modeling and Validation
PublikacjaThis article studied the effects of pin angle on heat generation and temperature distribution during friction stir welding (FSW) of AA1100 aluminum alloy and St-14 low carbon steel. A validated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was implemented to simulate the FSW process. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed in order to investigate internal materials’ flow. Simulation results revealed that the mechanical work...
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Pressure drop and heat transfer during boiling and condensation at subcritical region
PublikacjaMost of the data presented in the literature relate to saturation temperatures in the range - 20°C to 40°C due to the application in refrigeration technology. There is necessity to extend databases to higher values of saturation temperature due to new applications such as Organic Rankine Cycle and high temperature heat pumps. Only few papers contain data for high reduced pressure for low boiling point liquids. This paper focus...
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Comprehensive thermodynamic analysis of the CAES system coupled with the underground thermal energy storage taking into account global, central and local level of energy conversion
PublikacjaA key aspect of CAES is the optimal configuration of the thermodynamic cycle. In this paper, the situation of cooperation between the current conventional power plants and wind farms is analyzed, and then, based on thermodynamic models, the process of storing thermal and electrical energy in the CAES system coupled with a heat storage and recovery is developed. Therefore, three levels can be distinguished, namely: the global level...
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Designing Control and Protection Systems with Regard to Integrated Functional Safety and Cybersecurity Aspects
PublikacjaThis article addresses current problems of risk analysis and probabilistic modelling for functional safety management in the life cycle of safety-related systems. Two main stages in the lifecycle of these systems are distinguished, namely the design and operation. The risk analysis and probabilistic modelling differ in these stages in view of available knowledge and data. Due to the complexity and uncertainty involved, both qualitative...
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Water Footprint Assessment of Selected Polymers, Polymer Blends, Composites, and Biocomposites for Industrial Application
PublikacjaThis paper presents a water footprint assessment of polymers, polymer blends, composites, and biocomposites based on a standardized EUR-pallet case study. The water footprint analysis is based on life cycle assessment (LCA). The study investigates six variants of EUR-pallet production depending on the materials used. The system boundary included the production of each material and the injection molding to obtain a standardized...
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Preparation of Hydrogen Electrodes of Solid Oxide Cells by Infiltration: Effects of the Preparation Procedure on the Resulting Microstructure
PublikacjaIn this work, the infiltration technique was used to produce hydrogen electrodes for solid oxide cells. Different infiltration methodologies were tested in order to try to shorten the infiltration cycle time. The porous scaffolds used for infiltration were based on highly porous yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) obtained by etching the reduced nickel from the Ni-YSZ cermet in HNO3 acid. The support had a complex structure which...
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Negative carbon dioxide gas power plant integrated with gasification of sewage sludge
PublikacjaOne of the primary objectives of the negative carbon dioxide gas power plant (nCO2PP) is to develop an innovative technology confirming the possibility of the use of sewage sludge to produce electricity while having a positive impact on the environment. In this paper, a mathematical model is presented to estimate thermodynamic parameters of the system in relation to the gasification process and changes in such parameters in the...
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THE ESSENCE OF THE TRANSFORMATION OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC RELATIONS IN THE NATIONAL ECONOMY: THEORETICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ASPECT
PublikacjaThe article is devoted to a thorough study of the theoretical and methodological foundations of the essence of the transformation of socio-economic relations of the national economy. Based on the study of scientific sources, a proper definition of the concept of "transformation of socio-economic relations" was formed. It is proposed to consider transformational processes from the point of view of their direct or indirect impact...
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A brief note on entire fracture surface topography parameters for 18Ni300 maraging steel produced by LB-PBF after LCF
PublikacjaThe concept of entire fracture surface investigation is helpful in explaining fatigue phenomena. In this paper, this method has been applied for 18Ni300 maraging steel using a 3D measurement system. Before post-mortem analysis, the specimens produced by laser beam powder bed fusion (LB-PBF) were tested under low-cycle fatigue (LCF) for eight strain amplitudes in the interval 0.3% to 1.0%. The attention was placed on the relationship...
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Prediction of cast-in-place concrete strength of the extradosed bridge deck based on temperature monitoring and numerical simulations
PublikacjaThe work is devoted to the implementation of a monitoring system for high performance concrete embedded in the span of an extradosed bridge deck using a modified maturity method augmented by numerical simulations conducted by the authors’ FEM code. The paper presents all research stages of bridge construction and considers the conclusions drawn from the results of laboratory tests, field measurements, and numerical calculations....
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[BHP] Szkolenie w dziedzinie bezpieczeństwa i higieny pracy
Kursy Online{mlang pl} Ten kurs jest prowadzony centralnie dla wszystkich studentów i doktorantów PG. Szkolenie BHP jest obowiązkowe. Nawet jeśli na poprzednim etapie kształcenia (studia I lub II stopnia) obecny doktorant zaliczył to szkolenie, wymagane jest kolejne podejście. {mlang} {mlang en} This course is conducted on a central level for all the students and PhD students of GUT. Health and safety training is compulsory. Even...
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Analiza holenderskich doświadczeń w zakresie logistyki miejskiej
PublikacjaW artykule dokonano analizy holenderskich doświadczeń w zakresie logistyki miejskiej i organizacji systemu dostaw towarów na przykładzie Utrechtu. Wybór miasta podyktowany był ponad 20 letnim konsekwentnym zaangażowaniem i doświadczeniem w tej dziedzinie. Przedstawiono zmiany w podejściu do problemów miejskiego transportu ładunków z punktu widzenia polityki krajowej oraz przebieg procesu decentralizacji odpowiedzialności na poziom...
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Temperature influence on tyre/road noise of selected tyres
PublikacjaAir and road temperatures substantially affect road vehicle noise emission. The temperature influence on tyre/road noise depends mainly on tyre-road combination. It is different for dense and porous pavements, for bituminous and cement ones. It differs also depending on tyres. The correction procedures for temperature effect are still under consideration and preparation. Tyre/road noise measurements using CPX method were performed...
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Methodology of research on the impact of ITS services on the safety and efficiency of road traffic using transport models
PublikacjaThe current assessment of the impact of Intelligent Transport System (ITS) services on the level of traffic safety and efficiency is based mainly on expert assessments, statistical surveys or several traffic safety models requiring development. There is no structured, uniform assessment method that would give the opportunity to compare the impact of ITS services and their different configurations. The paper presents the methodology...
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Analysing the impact of traffic incidents on express road traffic flow using FREEVAL
PublikacjaTraffic incidents occurring on motorways or express roads cause disruptions and deteriorate traffic conditions. The impact will differ depending on the type of incident, its duration and space blocked on the roadway and can be measured with e.g. average speed reduction, extension of travel time, time lost or overall costs of traffic disruptions. The aim of the paper is to analyse this impact, based on data from the Tri-City Ring...
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Human awareness versus Autonomous Vehicles view: comparison of reaction times during emergencies
PublikacjaHuman safety is one of the most critical factors when a new technology is introduced to the everyday use. It was no different in the case of Autonomous Vehicles (AV), designed to replace generally available Conventional Vehicles (CV) in the future. AV rules, from the start, focus on guaranteeing safety for passengers and other road users, and these assumptions usually work during normal traffic conditions. However, there is still...
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Optimization of Train Energy Cooperation Using Scheduled Service Time Reserve
PublikacjaThe main aim of the paper was to develop an innovative approach to the preliminary estimation possibility of train energy cooperation based on data from timetables, without traction calculations. The article points out the need to strive for sustainable and environmentally friendly transport. It was pointed out that rail transport using electric traction is one of the more ecological branches of transport. It also offers a number...
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Modeling of Electrified Transportation Systems Featuring Multiple Vehicles and Complex Power Supply Layout
PublikacjaThe paper proposes a novel approach to modeling electrified transportation systems. The proposed solution reflects the mechanical dynamics of vehicles as well as the distribution and losses of electric supply. Moreover, energy conversion losses between the mechanical and electrical subsystems and their bilateral influences are included. Such a complete model makes it possible to replicate, e.g., the impact of voltage drops on vehicle...
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Effective density of airborne wear particles from car brake materials
PublikacjaPeople living in urban environments are subject to high health risks due to various anthropogenic sources of airborne particulate matter, including wear of transport vehicle brakes. Studies of airborne particles often require an estimate of the effective particle density, a property that allows correct matching of mass and size characteristics measured by different aerosol instruments. In this study we investigated the effective...
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Tyre/road noise measurements on ISO tracks according to the UNECE Regulation 117
PublikacjaWithin the Polish-Norwegian research project ELANORE, a limited Round Robin Test has been performed on 3 ISO tracks in Northern Europe. The basic objective of the project is to improve the EU directive on labelling of tyres for noise and rolling resistance, and this directive is based on the measurement procedures defined in the UN ECE Reg.117. The same test car, test tyres and measurement equipment as well as personnel were used...