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Search results for: RESPONSE SURFACE METHOD
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Assessment of copper surface coverage with corrosion inhibitor using AFM-based local electrical measurements
PublicationThe paper presents a new method of assessment of metal surface coverage with corrosion inhibitor and thus of inhibitor protective performance. It is based on the atomic force microscopy measurement performed in a contact mode. Apart from topography images the proposed approach allows acquisition of local DC maps and local electrical impedance spectra via application of DC bias voltage or AC perturbation signal between the conductive...
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Application of surface active amino acid ionic liquids as phase-transfer catalyst
PublicationFive structurally related morpholinium derived ionic liquids containing N-acetyl-glycinate anion were synthesized and their thermal stability, surface properties and activity as phase transfer catalysts investigated. The thermal properties were studied by differential scanning calorimetry, while the adsorption at the air/water interface and micellization behavior was analyzed by surface tension measurements, conductometry and isothermal...
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Sea surface temperature distribution during upwelling along the Polish Baltic coast
PublicationAmong over 150 maps of sea surface temperature in the Polish Baltic coastal region derived from satellite data during the warm period of the year (April-October) in 2000-2002, 41 cases were noted where its distribution showed characteristic features indicating the occurrence of coastal upwelling. The fundamental parameters of range, probability of occurrence and temperature modification caused by water from deeper sea layers...
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Visual method for detecting critical damage in railway contact strips
PublicationEnsuring an uninterrupted supply of power in the electric traction is vital for the safety of this important transport system. For this purpose, monitoring and diagnostics of the technical condition of the vehicle's power supply elements are becoming increasingly common. This paper presents a new visual method for detecting contact strip damage, based on measurement and analysis of the movement of the overhead contact line (OCL)...
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Novel two-step synthesis method of thin film heterojunction of BiOBr/Bi2WO6 with improved visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity
PublicationA novel two-step ionic liquid assisted procedure was applied for a controllable synthesis of BiOBr/Bi2WO6 heterojunction thin films. The preparation route involved an anodic oxidation of tungsten foil and hydrothermal transformation of as-anodized oxide in the presence of bismuth precursor and ionic liquid, N-butylpyridinium bromide [BPy][Br]. The BiOBr plates with irregular shapes adhered to the surface of flower-like Bi2WO6 and...
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Fracture surface formation of notched 2017A-T4 aluminium alloy under bending fatigue
PublicationThe effect of cyclic loading on facture surface topology in notched components made by aluminium alloys is not completely clear. Fractogra-phy and fracture mechanics can help to understand this interdependency. This paper aims to study the distribution of the fracture surface roughness of notched 2017A-T4 aluminium alloy after bending fatigue using an optical focus-variation surface measurement technique by applying the fracture...
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Experimental comparison of hydrodynamic thrust bearings with different pad surface materials
PublicationBabbitt is the material most frequently used as the pad surface material for hydrodynamic bearings operating at usual operating conditions. It shows many advantages important for safe bearing operation, as for example: low friction coefficient, corrosion resistance, fair mechanical properties and outstanding conformability. On the other hand, it is not free from disadvantages, such as limited fatigue strength or limited resistance...
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Microstructure and mechanical properties of laser surface-treated Ti13nb13zr alloy with MWCNTs coatings
PublicationLaser surface modification of titanium alloys is one of the main methods of improving the properties of titanium alloys used in implantology. This study investigates the microstructural morphology of a laser-modified surface layer on a Ti13Nb13Zr alloy with and without a carbon nanotube coating deposited by electrophoretic deposition. Laser modification was performed for samples with and without carbon nanotube coating for two...
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Studies on novel BiyXz-TiO2/SrTiO3 composites: Surface properties and visible light-driven photoactivity
PublicationA series of novel BiyXz-TiO2/SrTiO3 composites were prepared by multistep synthesis route. The asprepared photocatalysts were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), Raman spectra and BET analysis. The photocatalytic activity test was performed in aqueous solution of phenol under...
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The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of surface composition of aged mixed copper manganese oxide catalysts
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Role of the Solvation Water in Remote Interactions of Hyperactive Antifreeze Proteins with the Surface of Ice
PublicationMost protein molecules do not adsorb onto ice, one of the exceptions being so-called antifreeze proteins. In this paper, we describe that there is a force pushing an antifreeze protein molecule away from the ice surface when it is not oriented with its ice-binding plane toward the ice and that this pushing force may be also present even when the protein is oriented with its ice-binding plane toward the ice. This force is absent...
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A concept of Signal Equalization Method Based on Music Genre and the Listener's Room Characteristics
PublicationA research study that investigates the influence of the room acoustics environment on the frequency characteristic of the audio signal playback is presented. First, a novel spectral equalization method of the room acoustic conditions is introduced. On the basis of the frequency response of the room, a system for room acoustics compensation based on eight-band equalizer is proposed. The system settings depend on music genre. In...
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Synchrotron radiation photoemission spectroscopy of the oxygen modified CrCl3 surface
PublicationWe investigate the experimentally challenging CrCl3 surface by photon energy dependent photoemission (PE). The core and valence electrons after cleavage of a single crystal, either in a ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) or in air, are studied by keeping the samples at 150 1C, aiming at confirming the atomic composition with respect to the expected bulk atomic structure. A common spectroscopic denominator revealed by data is the presence of...
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Molecular dynamics study on the role of solvation water in the adsorption of hyperactive AFP to the ice surface
PublicationUsing computer simulations, the early stages of the adsorption of the CfAFP molecule to the ice surface were analyzed. We found that the ice and the protein interact at least as early as when the protein is about 1 nm away from the ice surface. These interactions are mediated by interfacial solvation water and are possible thanks to the structural ordering of the solvent. This ordering leads to positional preference of the protein...
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An improvement of body surface area formulas using the 3D scanning technique
PublicationObjectives: Body surface area (BSA) is one of the major parameters used in several medical fields. However, there are concerns raised about its usefulness, mostly due to the ambiguity of its estimation. Material and Methods: Authors have conducted a voluntary study to investigate BSA distribution and estimation in a group of 179 adult people of various sex, age, and physique. Here, there is provided an extended analysis of the...
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Strain energy density and entire fracture surface parameters relationship for LCF life prediction of additively manufactured 18Ni300 steel
PublicationIn this study, the connection between total strain energy density and fracture surface topography is investigated in additively manufactured maraging steel exposed to low-cycle fatigue loading. The specimens were fabricated using laser beam powder bed fusion (LB-PBF) and examined under fully-reversed strain-controlled setup at strain amplitudes scale from 0.3% to 1.0%. The post-mortem fracture surfaces were explored using a non-contact...
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OPTIMIZATION OF NASICON PREPARATION METHOD
PublicationNasicon is a solid conductor which has an ability to conduct Na+ ions and it is used in solid gas sensors. In this article a method of Nasicon preparation appropriate for gas sensing application by solgel technique is presented. Influence of the fabrication process parameters on properties of obtained samples was determined. Results of X-Ray diffraction, density, porosity, conductivity, and activation energies measurement are presented.
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Could thermal imaging supplement surface electromyography measurements for skeletal muscles?
PublicationAbstract—(1) Background: The aim of this study is to present the results of experiments in which surface electromyography (sEMG) and thermal imaging were used to assess muscle activation during gait and to verify the hypothesis that there is a relationship in the case of low fatigue level between sEMG measured muscle activation, assessed in the frequency domain, and thermal factors calculated as minimum, maximum, kurtosis, mean,...
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On a Method of Efficiency Increasing in Kaplan Turbine
PublicationThis paper presents a method of increasing efficiency in Kaplan-type turbine. The method is based on blade profile optimisation together with modelling the interaction between rotor and stator blades. Loss coefficient was chosen as the optimisation criterion, which is related directly to efficiency. Global optimum was found by means of Genetic Algorithms, and Artificial Neural Networks were utilised for approximations to reduce...
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Influence of Surface Laser Treatment on Mechanical Properties and Residual Stresses of Titanium and its Alloys
PublicationSurface modification of the titanium and its alloys used in implantology with a long-pulse laser can change the surface topography, but it also leads to changes in the stress sign and magnitude in the resulting subsurface layer. The presented research was aimed at evaluating the state of stress after laser remelting with the Nd:YAG laser of pre-etched titanium alloys Ti6Al4V and Ti13Nb13Zr and pure titanium. The obtained surface...
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Universal autonomous control and management system for multipurpose unmanned surface vessel
PublicationThe paper presents design, structure and architecture of the Universal Autonomous Control and Management System (UACAMS) for multipurpose unmanned surface vessel. The system was designed, installed and implemented on the multipurpose platform - unmanned surface vessel named HydroDron. The platform is designed to execute hydrographic survey missions with multi-variant configuration of the survey system (payload? ) including multi-beam...
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GPU-accelerated finite element method
PublicationIn this paper the results of the acceleration of computations involved in analysing electromagnetic problems by means of the finite element method (FEM), obtained with graphics processors (GPU), are presented. A 4.7-fold acceleration was achieved thanks to the massive parallelization of the most time-consuming steps of FEM, namely finite-element matrix-generation and the solution of a sparse system of linear equations with the...
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TSR method for burns investigation approach
PublicationThe article presents the possibilities of applying the TSR method for the diagnosis of burn wounds. The wound area is stimulated by cold gas and a sequence of thermograms of heating the tissue is recorded. Next, TSR algorithms are used to determine the parameters that allow the wound to be classified into one of the classes: the wound heals within three weeks, the wound will not heal in three weeks. The method was...
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Influence of Surface Modification of Titanium and Its Alloys for Medical Implants on Their Corrosion Behavior
PublicationTitanium and its alloys are often used for long-term implants after their surface treatment. Such surface modification is usually performed to improve biological properties but seldom to increase corrosion resistance. This paper presents research results performed on such metallic materials modified by a variety of techniques: direct voltage anodic oxidation in the presence of fluorides, micro-arc oxidation (MAO), pulse laser treatment,...
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An Analysis of Periodic Arrangements of Cylindrical Objects of Arbitrary Convex Cross Sections with the Use of Field Matching Method
PublicationA problem of electromagnetic wave scattering from multilayered frequency selective surfaces is presented. Each surface is composed of periodically arranged cylindrical posts of arbitrary convex cross-section. The method of analysis is based on the direct field matching technique for a single cell, and the transmission matrix method with the lattice sums technique for periodic arrangement of scatterers.
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Influence of Laser Modification on the Surface Character of Biomaterials: Titanium and Its Alloys—A Review
PublicationLaser surface modification is a widely available and simple technique that can be applied to different types of materials. It has been shown that by using a laser heat source, reproducible surfaces can be obtained, which is particularly important when developing materials for medical applications. The laser modification of titanium and its alloys is advantageous due to the possibility of controlling selected parameters and properties...
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Influence of Laser Modification on the Surface Character of Biomaterials: Titanium and Its Alloys—A Review
PublicationLaser surface modification is a widely available and simple technique that can be applied to different types of materials. It has been shown that by using a laser heat source, reproducible surfaces can be obtained, which is particularly important when developing materials for medical applications. The laser modification of titanium and its alloys is advantageous due to the possibility of controlling selected parameters and properties...
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The Smith-Watson-Topper parameter and fracture surface topography relationship for additively manufactured 18Ni300 steel subjected to uniaxial variable-amplitude loading
PublicationIn this paper, the association between Smith-Watson-Topper (SWT) parameter and fracture surface topography is studied in additively manufactured maraging steel exposed to variable-amplitude fatigue loading. The post-failure fracture surfaces were examined using a non-contact 3D surface topography measuring system and the entire fracture surface method. The focal point is on the correspondence between fatigue characteristics, articulate...
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Degradable poly(ester-ether) urethanes of improved surface calcium deposition developed as novel biomaterials
PublicationBones, which are considered as hard tissues, work as scaffold for human body. They provide physical support for muscles and protect intestinal organs. Percentage of hard tissues in human body depends on age, weight, and gender. Human skeleton consists of 206 connected bones. Therefore, it is natural that the hard-tissue damage such as fractures, osteoporosis, and congenital lack of bone may appear. The innovative way of bone healing...
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The Optimum Dataset method – examples of the application
PublicationData reduction is a procedure to decrease the dataset in order to make their analysis more effective and easier. Reduction of the dataset is an issue that requires proper planning, so after reduction it meets all the user’s expectations. Evidently, it is better if the result is an optimal solution in terms of adopted criteria. Within reduction methods, which provide the optimal solution there is the Optimum Dataset method (OptD)...
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SSFR Test of Synchronous Machine for Different Saturation Levels using Finite-Element Method
PublicationIn this paper the StandStill Frequency Response characteristics (SSFR) of saturated synchronous generator (SG) have been calculated using Finite Element Method (FEM) analysis. In order to validate proposed approach for unsaturated conditions FEM simulation from Flux2D software has been compared with the measurements performed on the 10 kVA, 4- poles synchronous machine ELMOR GCe64a of salient rotor construction, equipped with a...
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Properties of surface layers of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V after laser melting processes
PublicationThe article presents the investigation results of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V surface layer after laser melting process. The process of laser melting was performed using Nd-YAG laser. The evaluation of structure of the alloy as well as hardness and chemical composition was performed. It was shown that laser melting changes the structure and properties of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V and process parameters as scanning speed affects the thickness...
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Jacobi and gauss-seidel preconditioned complex conjugate gradient method with GPU acceleration for finite element method
PublicationIn this paper two implementations of iterative solvers for solving complex symmetric and sparse systems resulting from finite element method applied to wave equation are discussed. The problem under investigation is a dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) discretized by FEM with vector elements of the second order (LT/QN). The solvers use the preconditioned conjugate gradient (pcg) method implemented on Graphics Processing Unit (GPU)...
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An Efficient PEEC-Based Method for Full-Wave Analysis of Microstrip Structures
PublicationThis article introduces an efficient method for the equivalent circuit characterization and full-wave analysis of microstrip structures, leveraging the full-wave partial element equivalent circuit (PEEC). In particular, the multilayered Green's function is evaluated using the discrete complex-image method (DCIM) and employed to establish the mixed potential integral equations. The proposed strategy considers time delays for the...
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A new diagnostic IR-thermal imaging method for evaluation of cardiosurgery procedures
PublicationTwo methods for monitoring the state of the myocardium during cardiosurgical interventions based on thermal IR imaging are presented below. These methods, called static thermography and active dynamic thermography (ADT), use information about the distribution of temperature on the surface, and an external excitation source to induce thermal transient processes in a tested object. Recording the time series of thermograms allows...
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A Reduction Method for Bathymetric Datasets that Preserves True Coastal Water Geodata
PublicationWater areas occupy over 70 percent of the Earth’s surface and are constantly subject to research and analysis. Often, hydrographic remote sensors are used for such research, which allow for the collection of information on the shape of the water area bottom and the objects located on it. Information about the quality and reliability of the depth data is important, especially during coastal modelling. In-shore areas are liable...
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Hybrid Technique Combining the FDTD Method and Its Convolution Formulation Based on the Discrete Green's Function
PublicationIn this letter, a technique combining the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method and its formulation based on the discrete Green's function (DGF) is presented. The hybrid method is applicable to inhomogeneous dielectric structures that are mutually coupled with wire antennas. The method employs the surface equivalence theorem in the discrete domain to separate the problem into a dielectric domain simulated using the FDTD method...
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A New Method of Noncausal Identification of Time-varying Systems
PublicationThe paper shows that the problem of noncausal identification of a time-varying FIR (finite impulse response) sys- tem can be reformulated, and solved, as a problem of smoothing of the preestimated parameter trajectories. Characteristics of the smoothing filter should be chosen so as to provide the best trade- off between the bias and variance of the resulting estimates. It is shown that optimization of the smoothing operation can...
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Wideband Macromodels in Finite Element Method
PublicationThis letter proposes a novel projection technique for accelerating Finite Element Method simulations. The algorithm is based on the Second-order Arnoldi Method for Passive Order Reduction (SAPOR). It involves generation of two projection bases and thanks to this it is applicable to the systems of equations, which contain the quadratic frequency-dependence in the input term, that arise when projection is applied locally in the selected...
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Modeling the impact of surface currents in a harbor using graph theory
PublicationEnsuring security in a harbor requires research into its infrastructure using spatial environmental data. This paper presents a methodology that defines the design of a graph for modeling the interactions between surface currents and moving objects. Combining this graph with port charts that integrate electronic navigation charts with coastal orthophotographs allows us to perform a multidimensional analysis. In addition, the complete...
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The Influence of the Depth of Cut in Single-Pass Grinding on the Microstructure and Properties of the C45 Steel Surface Layer
PublicationThe paper contains the results of a metallographic examination and nanoindentation test conducted for the medium carbon structural steel with low content of Mn, Si, Cu, Cr, and Ni after its grinding to a depth ranging from 2 μm to 20 μm, at constant cutting speed (peripheral speed) of vs = 25 ms−1 and constant feed rate of vft = 1 m/min. Applied grinding parameters did not cause the surface layer hardening, which could generate...
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Unconditionally blue: Curing epoxy with polyethylene glycol (PEG) surface-functionalized Zn Fe3-O4 magnetic nanoparticles
PublicationNanoparticles govern early (chemical-controlled) and late (diffusion-controlled) stages of epoxy crosslinking, respectively. Surface functionalization of nanoparticles with macromolecules was recognized as an effective route to compensate for inadequate diffusion-controlled crosslinking. However, the effect of bulk composition amended with cations having catalytic effect towards epoxy ring opening has remained hitherto undescribed....
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Chemically reduced graphene oxide based aerogels - Insight on the surface and textural functionalities dependent on handling the synthesis factors
PublicationEfficient adjusting of reduced graphene oxide aerogels properties requires information about experimental factor-aerogel property relationship. In this work, the reduced graphene oxide aerogels surface and textural functionalities in relation to precursor concentration, gelation time and hydrogel freezing temperature were studied in detail, with the use of dynamic adsorption method of gaseous organic probes and experimental design....
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Organic Pollution in Surface Waters from the Fuglebekken Basin in Svalbard, Norwegian Arctic
PublicationThe Fuglebekken basin is situated in the southern part of the island of Spitsbergen (Norwegian Arctic), on the Hornsund fjord (Wedel Jarlsberg Land). Surface water was collected from 24 tributaries (B1-B24) and from the main stream water in the Fuglebekken basin (25) between 10 July 2009 and 30 July 2009. The present investigation reveals the results of the analysis of these samples for their PAH and PCB content. Twelve of 16 PAHs...
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On neutral differential equations and the monotone iterative method
PublicationThe application of the monotone iterative method to neutral differential equations with deviating arguments is considered in this paper. We formulate existence results giving sufficient conditions which guarantee that such problems have solutions. This approach is new and to the Authors' knowledge, this is the first paper when the monotone iterative method is applied to neutral first-order differential equations with deviating...
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Asynchronous time difference of arrival (ATDOA) method
PublicationA new method for a location service in the asynchronous wireless sensor networks is outlined. This method, which is called asynchronous time difference of arrival (ATDOA), enables calculation of the position of a mobile node without knowledge of relative time differences (RTDs) between measuring sensors. The ATDOA method is based on the measurement of time difference of arrival between the node and the same sensor at the discrete...
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Point cloud based surface analysis of prestressed concrete element in exceeded state of serviceability
PublicationBy definition, serviceability state is characterized by the fact that despite meeting the requirements associated with carrying capacity, the object is not suitable for use. Serviceability limit state refers to factors, such as durability, overall stability, fire resistance, cracking, excessive vibration. Perfect examples of exceeded serviceability state are the improper vibration of a skyscraper, which inhabitants may suffer from...
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Further development of the poroelastic road surface within the new Polish project SEPOR
PublicationRoad surfaces have a direct impact on noise generated by rolling tyres, the main and dominant source of noise of moving vehicles. Road surface texture, porosity and stiffness/elasticity govern the pavement contribution to tyre/road noise the most. An experimental PoroElastic Road Surface (PERS) is a wearing course with a high content of interconnected voids (pores) and with an elastic behavior due to the use of small particles...
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Analysis of ring cracks in ceramic rolling elements using the boundary element method
PublicationCeramic materials have been increasingly used in bearing technology for over a dozen years. This is due to the characteristic properties of ceramic materials such as: high hardness, corrosion resistance, the possibility of use in aggressive chemical environments, as well as due to the lower specific weight compared to steel materials. However, the use of ceramic materials is connected with many limitations. The main disadvantages...
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Inverse determination of sliding surface temperature based on measurements by thermocouples with account of their thermal inertia
PublicationThis study developed an inverse heat conduction algorithm to determine temperature at a sliding surface taking account of thermocouple thermal inertia. The direct heat conduction problem was solved analytically based on the Laplace integral transform approach. The inverse algorithm was applied to the problem of friction of a brake material against a steel. The experiments were conducted on a pin-on-disc tribometer for three short-time...