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Search results for: GIS WRF LST ESTIMATION AIR TEMPERATURE
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Structure and thermal expansion of liquid bismuth
PublicationExperimental structural data for liquid Bi were used for estimation of the main structure parameters as well as the thermal expansion coefficient both in supercooled and superheated temperature ranges. It was shown that the equilibrium melt had a positive thermal expansion coefficient within a temperature range upon melting and a negative one at higher temperatures. The former was related to structure changes upon melting, whereas...
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Taguchi sensors under temperature modulation
PublicationSemiconductor gas sensors are widely used in gas- analyzing applications for various gas species determination due to their low cost and possibility to detect number of different gases. However, one of the main problems with such sensors is their lack of selectivity. To overcome this issue different ap- proaches can be used. One of them is the operation with sensor temperature modulation combined with dedicated data process- ing...
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The Emission and Combustion Characteristics of Marine Diesel Engine with Extreme Throttled of Air or Exhaust Ducts
PublicationPresented paper shows the results of the laboratory tests on the relationship between the extreme throttling of both air intake duct and exhaust gas duct and gaseous emission from the marine engine. The object of research is a laboratory, 4-stroke, DI diesel engine, operated at loads from 50 kW to 250 kW at a constant speed equal to 750 rpm. During the laboratory tests the thermodynamic and exhaust gas emission characteristics...
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Determination of Odor Intensity of Binary Gas Mixtures Using Perceptual Models and an Electronic Nose Combined with Fuzzy Logic
PublicationMeasurement and monitoring of air quality in terms of odor nuisance is an important problem. From a practical point of view, it would be most valuable to directly link the odor intensity with the results of analytical air monitoring. Such a solution is offered by electronic noses, which thanks to the possibility of holistic analysis of the gas sample, allow estimation of the odor intensity of the gas mixture. The biggest problem...
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Vertical Temperature Stratification of the Gulf of Gdansk Water
PublicationThe Baltic Sea is characterized by variable hydroacoustic conditions, which depend on hydrological conditions throughout the year. The temperature of the water is the factor that has the greatest impact on the changes in the speed of the sound in this basin. Even at a small depth, we can observe a large temperature gradient affecting the accuracy of the conducted research using hydroacoustic devices. A characteristic feature of...
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Marine Fuel Sulphur Limit Impact on Air Pollution
PublicationThe article presents calculation of Sulphur oxides percentage drop rate in marine industry recorded after 01.01.2020 when new limits, provided by International Maritime Organizations legislation, became effective. Ships’ SOx global emission was estimated and compared between 4th quarter 2019 and 1st quarter 2020. For more accurate estimation 3 seaside cities with big harbors were selected for statistical analysis. Noticeable...
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Thermal boundary conditions to simulate friction layers and coatings at sliding contacts
PublicationA brief review of the thermal boundary conditions specified at sliding interfaces was performed. New thermal boundary conditions were derived aimed at solving problems of sliding with account of surface layers representing friction layers and tribological coatings. Based on the assumption of linear temperature distributions in the surface layers, the proposed conditions enable one to simplify simulations by eliminating the surface...
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Possibility of thermal imaging use in studies of natural convection heat transfer on the example of an isothermal vertical plate.
PublicationA new method of infrared (IR) camera use in convective heat transfer studies has been presented. Until now, IR cameras were utilized for temperature field visualizations of flat heated surfaces of solid objects only. Because liquids and gasses do not emit radiation in the infrared range of wave lengths, detection of temperature field in the air was conducted with the use of plastic mesh, which, after heating by hot air, emits infrared...
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Electrical conductivity of nanostructured acceptor-doped ceria fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS)
PublicationHigh purity nanoscale powders (~10–15 nm size) of two different compositions of ceria, doped with Gd3+ and Ca2+, have been consolidated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) at different temperatures. Fully-dense samples were observed only at a sintering temperature of 980 °C. The as-sintered samples showed rather fast grain growth with an average grain size below 300 nm. The electrical properties of the samples were evaluated by impedance...
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Structure and thermoelectric properties of Bi–Te alloys obtained by novel method of oxide substrates reduction
PublicationA novel method of thermoelectric materials fabrication has been developed. Oxide reagents have been melted at high temperature in air, quenched, milled to powder and reduced in hydrogen to form Bi–Te alloys. Structural and thermoelectric properties of samples have been investigated depending on initial composition and temperature of reduction process. Sample 25Bi2O3–75TeO2 reduced at 340 °C for 10 h has been found to be a p-type...
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The Influence of Thin Gold Electrodes on the High-Temperature Impedance of Oxide Glasses
PublicationThe influence of thin gold electrodes on the electrical measurements of glasses at high temperatures was studied using impedance spectroscopy. The impedance was measured several times over a wide frequency range from 10 mHz to 1 MHz and the temperature ranged from 213 to 673 K under air and nitrogen atmospheres. The results showed a drop in the conductivity of more than an order of magnitude at a temperature around 603 K during...
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X-RAY DIFFRACTION STUDY OF BISMUTH LAYER-STRUCTURED MULTIFERROIC CERAMICS
PublicationGoal of the present research was to apply a solid state reaction route to fabricate bismuth layer-structured multiferroic ceramics described with the formula Bi5FeTi3O15 and reveal the influence of processing conditions on its crystal structure and phase composition. Simple oxide powders Bi2O3, TiO2 and Fe2O3 were used to fabricate Aurivillius-type bismuth layer-structured ferroelectrics. Pressureless sintering in ambient air was...
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Temperature influence on tyre/road noise frequency spectra
PublicationThe correction for temperature effect on measured tyre/road noise is very important as it may be one of the main sources of errors in measurement results due to substantial influence of this parameter on obtained values. The latest version of the Technical Specification ISO/CD TS 13471-1 about Temperature Corrections contains a proposal of correction procedure for normalizing measured noise levels to a reference air temperature...
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Performance of the PEM fuel cell module. Part 2. Effect of excess ratio and stack temperature
PublicationThe paper describes a fuel cell based system performance under different thermal conditions. The system could be fed with bottled hydrogen or with very high purity hydrogen obtained from reforming of methanol. The system is based on two fuel cell units (1.2 kW each, produced by Ballard Power Systems Inc. and called Nexa), DC/DC converter, DC/AC inverter, microprocessor control unit, load unit, bottled hydrogen supply system and...
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Application of multisensoral remote sensing data in the mapping of alkaline fens Natura 2000 habitat
PublicationThe Biebrza River valley (NE Poland) is distinguished by largely intact, highly natural vegetation patterns and very good conservation status of wetland ecosystems. In 20132014, studies were conducted in the upper Biebrza River basin to develop a remote sensing method for alkaline fen classification a protected Natura 2000 habitat (code 7230) using remote sensing technologies. High resolution airborne true colour (RGB) and...
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Sczepność międzywarstwowa w nowobudowanych nawierzchniach w Polsce
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono analizę wyników badań sczepności międzywarstwowej warstw asfaltowych przeprowadzonych na podstawie danych z monitoringu właściwości fizyko-mechanicznych warstw asfaltowych z lat 2012-2013. Monitoring prowadziły Laboratoria Drogowe oddziałów GDDKiA w ramach własnych badań kontrolnych podczas realizowanych inwestycji. Analizie poddano 7043 wyników badań sczepności międzywarstwowej badanych próbek, odwierconych...
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The applicability of low-cost PM10 sensors for atmospheric air quality monitoring
PublicationDescribed in this work are the results of field tests carried out in the Tricity Agglomeration between 01 April 2018 and 30 June 2018 in order to evaluate the usefulness of low-cost PM10 sensors in atmospheric air quality monitoring. The results were juxtaposed with the results obtained using reference methods. The results were validated based on the measurement uncertainty as described in...
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Measurements of the Hydraulic Fluids Compressibility
PublicationPerformance of the hydrostatic high-pressure drive systems is affected by the changes of working fluid’s volume. Presence of air bubbles in the fluid cause this problem to be even more serious. To study this phenomenon precise measurements of fluid’s bulk modulus are necessary. Differ-ent measurement methods are applied, but they are either limited to low pressure range or give inaccurate results. To solve the problem the new...
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Praseodymium Orthoniobate and Praseodymium Substituted Lanthanum Orthoniobate: Electrical and Structural Properties
PublicationIn this paper, the structural properties and the electrical conductivity of La1−xPrxNbO4+δ (x = 0.00, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.3) and PrNbO4+δ are presented and discussed. All synthesized samples crystallized in a monoclinic structure with similar thermal expansion coefficients. The phase transition temperature between the monoclinic and tetragonal structure increases with increasing praseodymium content from 500 ◦C for undoped...
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Degradation of polyurethanes in Compost Under Natural Conditions
PublicationThe estimation of degradibility of different polyurethanes under natural weather depending conditions in compost pile was the subject of the studies. The incubation of polymer samples took place for a period up to 24 months. The characteristic parameters of the compost: temperature, pH, moisture content, and activity of dehydrogenasis were monitored and their influence on degradation of polyuiretahnes was discussed. The compostability...
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Modeling and MANOVA studies on toxicity and endocrine potential of packaging materials exposed to different extraction schemes
PublicationThe stability of the linings of packaging that is in contact with the goods stored has been of major concern during decades of the development of packaging materials. In this work, an attempt was undertaken to assess the applicability of using two bioassays (Microtox® and XenoScreen YES/YAS) in estimating the stability of packaging (cans, caps, multilayer material) and the impact of their degradation on the toxicity of some simulated media....
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Novel Analytic-Numerical Model of Free Convection: with Leading Edge Considered
PublicationA novel solution of the free convection boundary problem is represented in analytical form for velocity and temperature for an isothermal vertical plate, as an example. These fields are built as a Taylor Series in the x coordinate with coefficients as functions of the vertical coordinate (y). We restrict ourselves by cubic approximation for both functions. The basic Navier-Stokes and Fourier-Kirchhoff equations and boundary conditions...
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A novel degree-hour method for rational design loading
PublicationCooling degree-hours (CDH) received the broadest application in evaluation of the ambient air cooling efficiency in power engineering (engine intake air cooling systems) and air conditioning. The current CDH numbers are defined as a drop in air temperature multiplied by associated time duration of performance and their summarized annual number is used to estimate the annual effect achieved due to sucked air cooling in power plants...
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Method of reconstructing two-dimensional velocity fields on the basis of temperature field values measured with a thermal imaging camera
PublicationThis paper describes a novel numerical reconstruction procedure (NRP) of the velocity field during natural convective heat transfer from a two-sided, isothermal, heated vertical plate based only on the known temperature field obtained, e.g. with a thermal imaging camera. It has been demonstrated that with a knowledge of temperature distributions, the NRP enables the reconstruction of velocity fields by solving the Navier-Stokes...
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Thermal and technological aspects of double face grinding of C45 carbon steel
PublicationIn grinding, the contact zone temperature is a decisive factor influencing the achievable surface quality and the grinding tool wear. In contrast to other grinding processes, only few information regarding double face grinding with planetary kinematics when processing steel is known up to date. Since the successive substitution of in-dustrial double-sided lapping processes by double-sided grinding, it has become necessary to the...
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The influence of meteorological conditions and anthropogenic activities on the seasonal fluctuations of BTEX in the urban air of the Hanseatic city of Gdansk, Poland
PublicationThe results of studies conducted in Gdansk in the period from January to December 2013 and focused on the determination of BTEX in the atmospheric air are presented. At the stage of the isolation and/or enrichment of analytes from the gaseous medium, a passive sampling technique—Radiello® diffusive passive samplers, was applied. The time-weighted average annual concentration of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and total xylenes...
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Mathematical model of the energy consumption calculation during the pine sawn wood (Pinus sylvestris L.) drying process
PublicationThe article presents the modification of the existing mathematical model to calculate energy consumption during conventional drying process. Apart from energy consumption the model permits to estimate the time of high-temperature drying process. The drying medium is air and superheated steam mixture. The obtained calculation results were compared with conducted experimental tests of drying square-edged sawn sapwood timber (Pinus...
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The use of thermal imaging camera to estimate velocity profiles based on temperature distribution in a free convection boundary layer
PublicationThis work describes an attempt to assess whether the temperature field from a thermal imaging camera can be converted into a velocity field with an accuracy sufficient for qualitative conducting or describing the phenomenon, i.e. when the Navier-Stokes, Fourier-Kirchhoff and continuity equations are mutually coupled. The consequence of this link between temperature fields and velocity is the possibility to formulate the hypothesis...
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Photovoltaic module temperature stabilization with the use of phase change materials
PublicationThe worldwide growth of photovoltaics (PVs) has formed an exponential curve for more than four decades. During this period of time, PVs have evolved from a pure niche market of small-scale applications towards becoming a mainstream electricity source. The influence of temperature on the electrical parameters of crystalline silicon solar cells and solar modules is well described in the literature. In order to diminish these effects,...
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Research on the phenomena of warming up and free cooling down the car engine
PublicationThe average cold start temperature in Europe is 9 degrees C. However, not the average is the most important for the composition of exhaust gases and associated air pollution. The most onerous for the environment are the winter starts when automotive emissions of harmful gases add up in cities with those of home heating systems. The paper presents preliminary studies of warming up and cooling down processes in various environmental conditions....
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Evaluation of Pavement Temperatures in Poland During Winter Conditions
PublicationThe paper presents the analysis of pavement temperatures from meteorological stations located at the Polish national roads during the impact of low winter temperatures. Presented issue is particularly important in view of the problem of low-temperature cracks that occur in the asphalt pavement under the influence of low temperatures. For each location of meteorological station there were analysed measurements of the temperature...
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How does climate change affect ice formation and presence in rivers, lakes and oceans, as well as its impact on infrastructure
PublicationIce season in rivers, lakes, seas and oceans is sensitive to climate change due to the high homologous temperature. Two vital aspects of the predicted climate change are increasing average air temperature and increasing variability in the weather. These cause delayed formation of ice, thinner ice and shorter duration of seasonal ice covers, the geographical ice margin to move further away from the equator, the perennial ice to...
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Mechanical Strength of MV Ship-switchgear During Fault Arc
PublicationIn the paper the analysis of pressure stressed in enclosure during fault arc inside switchgear is pre-sented as well. There is introduced the method based on determining stresses which are sum of tensile stresses (membrane) and deflection stresses. For tensile stresses nalysis the energy method, for unrestrainedly supported rectangular plate, was used. In the further part of the paper, the calculations and measurements results...
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Infrared techniques for natural convection investigations in channels between two vertical, parallel, isothermal and symmetrically heated plates
PublicationThe effect of the gap width between two symmetrically heated vertical, parallel, isothermal plates on intensity of natural convective heat transfer in a gas (Pr = 0.71) was experimentally studied using the balance and gradient methods. In the former method heat fluxes were determined based on measurements of the voltage and electric current supplying the heaters placed inside the walls. In the latter, heat fluxes were calculated...
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The reduction of auxiliaries power demand: The challenge for electromobility in public transportation
PublicationAn important role in the consumption of electric energy in urban transport are non-traction needs (auxiliaries), the main part of which is heating and air condition (HVAC). Auxiliaries are responsible for almost half of total energy consumption (normal weather conditions) and in the winter (or hot summer) it reaches up to 70% in daily scale. The reduction of energy used for non-traction needs is currently the main challenge related...
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Optimal ECG lead for deriving respiratory signal
PublicationEDR is an interesting measuring technique that allows an indirect assessment of respiratory activity. This is an alternative solution to direct methods that are based on the measurement of air flow, which require a specialized sensor or even a system. However, due to inter-personal anatomical differences, the optimal ECG lead (placement of the electrodes) ensuring the best EDR signal quality is not fixed. An influence of ECG lead...
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Synthesis, microstructure and electrical properties of nanocrystalline calcium doped lanthanum orthoniobate
PublicationThe single phase lanthanum orthoniobate with tetragonal structure has been synthesized by the means of mechanosynthesis method. The studies have shown the crystal structure of La0.98Ca0.02NbO4 depends on the synthesis stage. The samples were predominantly in the tetragonal phase with a trace amount of the monoclinic phase. The SEM studies of morphology and microstructure have shown nanocrystallinity of the materials. The Raman...
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Estimation of respiration rate using an accelerometer and thermal camera in eGlasses
PublicationRespiration rate is a very important vital sign. Different methods of respiration rate measurement or estimation have been developed. However, especially interesting are those that enable remote and unobtrusive monitoring. In this study, we investigated the use of smart glasses for the estimation of respiration rate especially useful for indoors applications. Two methods were analyzed. The first one is based on measurements of...
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Współczesne zmiany klimatyczne i ich wpływ na funkcjonowanie systemów miejskich (na przykładzie miast strefy nadmorskiej Polski)
PublicationThe purpose of this article is to present contemporary climatic changes in their actual scale, and to assess their impact on functioning of urban areas situated on the Polish coast. The results of the analysis of variability of hydro-climatic conditions that occurred in the last 65 years (1951-2015) in the area of the Polish coast suggest that important changes were concerning: (1) temperature of the air, and thickness and length...
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Numerical analysis of high temperature minichannels heat exchanger performance
PublicationNowadays, the most difficult technological challenge in energy sector is connected with the gas micro-CHP units, dedicated to the distributed power generation. They are expected to be of high efficiency and at the same time of compact in size. Regarding the first reason, significant increase in microturbine efficiency can only be achieved by increase in the engine operating temperature. Therefore, one of the critical elements in...
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Combined cold supply system for ship application based on low GWP refrigerants - Thermo-economic and ecological analyses
PublicationThe withdrawal of popular high-GWP refrigerants will significantly affect maritime industry. Refrigeration and air conditioning systems currently used on ships are not ready to fulfil future limitations. Therefore, there is a need for system, which will operate with low-GWP refrigerants and at the same time will be efficient and reliable in difficult environmental conditions. This paper explains the concept of a cold supply system,...
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Metal-organic frameworks (MOF) based heat transfer: A comprehensive review
PublicationHigher than a standard level, the humidity provides a suitable environment for the pathogenic microorganisms to grow and increases energy consumption for cooling, increasing greenhouse gas emissions. Desiccant air-conditioning (DAC) is an effective method to reduce humidity and energy simultaneously. Conventional desiccants are not suitable for use as a desiccant in building air conditioners, mainly because of high regeneration...
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On the differential effect of temperature on the Nusselt-Rayleigh relationship in free convection
PublicationThe aim of and inspiration behind this paper was to explain the reasons, also observed by other researchers, of the discrepancy in the results of experimental free convection, which for small Rayleigh and Nusselt numbers in the initial phase of research can sometimes reach several hundred percent. These discrepancies decrease with increasing heating power and plate surface temperature, in proportion to the increase in Ra and Nu,...
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Investigations of Energy Conversion and Surface Effect for Laser-Illuminated Gold Nanorod Platforms
PublicationAchieving a quick temperature increase is a burning issue for biophysical applications, like germ inactivation and tumor ablation, and for energy performances, like solar collectors and steam generators. Based on the plasmon resonance phenomenon, noble metallic nanoparticles have emerged as promising weapons due to their very high biocompatibility, optical properties, and high surface-to-volume ratio, increasing energy conversion...
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Cost-Efficient Measurement Platform and Machine-Learning-Based Sensor Calibration for Precise NO2 Pollution Monitoring
PublicationAir quality significantly impacts human health, the environment, and the economy. Precise real-time monitoring of air pollution is crucial for managing associated risks and developing appropriate short- and long-term measures. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) stands as a common pollutant, with elevated levels posing risks to the human respiratory tract, exacerbating respiratory infections and asthma, and potentially leading to chronic lung...
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Structure and electrical properties of Y, Fe-based perovskite mixed conducting composites fabricated by a modified polymer precursor method
PublicationIn this work, samples of Y0.07Sr0.93Ti1-xFexO3-d with 20, 40, 60 and 80 mol% of iron amount were prepared by a low-temperature polymer precursor method. The SEM-EDS analysis proved that analyzed Y0.07Sr0.93Ti1-xFexO3-d samples were composites of two Ti- and Fe-rich perovskite samples. This kind of composite consists of two phases in which one has a good ionic and the other electronic conductivity, which makes such a composite a...
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Fast-response optoelectronic detection of explosives’ residues from the nitroaromatic compounds detonation: field studies approach
PublicationWe are presenting an application of optoelectronic nitrogen dioxide (NO2) analyzer based on cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy in the detection of traces of explosives after detonation. It has been shown that the analyzer using blue-violet laser is able to detect explosive residues after the detonation of various amounts of nitroaromatic compounds (75g-1kg) with higher efficiency than the HPLC soil sample testing equipment,...
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A device for measuring heat flux on a rocket skin surface
PublicationA novel method for measuring heat flux on a surface is presented. It is an extensive upgrade of currently known heat flux sensors used mostly in civil engineering. As the thermal environment of launchers, especially sounding rocket can have an enormous negative effect on payload, careful considerations have to be taken in the process of preparing insulation. Usually, thermal data provided by the launch vehicle manufacturer is limited...
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Impact of low-temperature sintering on the Fe-based amorphous coatings
PublicationBulk metallic glasses (BMGs) have gained a lot of attention in recent years due to their outstanding properties such as high hardness and excellent wear and corrosion resistance. However, they are restricted in industrial applications due to their extreme brittleness. Iron based amorphous coatings from BMGs are the best solution to use them by overcoming the problem of extreme brittleness. The coatings can be sprayed by various...
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Influence of cyclic frozen and defrost on mechanical properties of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-coated woven fabrics
PublicationThis research aims to determine the influence of the cyclic process of freezing and defrosting on the mechanical properties of the chosen glass fibres and PTFE-coated woven fabrics. The specimens were subjected to freezing at about −20 °C for 4 h and thawing by full immersion into the water at about +20 °C for 4 h. The fabric samples after 25 and 50 frozen cycles were air-dried at room temperature for one week and then subjected...