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Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: double domination
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Modelling of planar movement dynamics of upper limb
PublikacjaThe original model describing planar movement dynamics of upper limb is presented. The upper limb is modelled as two-joints system loaded by external forces and internal forces of striated skeletal muscles. A behaviour of each muscle is modelled as a system composed of serially linked rheologic fragments that have different mechanical properties. These muscle models allow us to simulate a behaviour of short fusiform muscle (3DOF...
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From phosphanylphosphaalkenes to coordination copper and silver polymers containing P–P bonds
PublikacjaThis study was focused on the activation of the C[double bond, length as m-dash]P bond via reactions of Ph2C[double bond, length as m-dash]P-PtBu2 (1) with 1,6-hexanediol and selected dithiols (1,4-butanedithiol, 1,4-benzenedithiol and 1,4-benzenedimethanethiol). These reactions proceed according to a 1,2-addition mechanism, providing new compounds with formulas {(Ph)2(H)C-P-PtBu2}{μ2-(O-(CH2)6-O)}{tBu2P-P-C(H)(Ph)2} (2), {(Ph)2(H)C-P-PtBu2}{μ2-(S-(CH2)4-S)}{tBu2P-P-C(H)(Ph)2}...
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Cross-border transmission line configuration influence on the electrical power and energy billing process
PublikacjaIn 2015 a connection between the Polish and Lithuanian power systems become fully operational. The connection consists of a 400 kV double circuit transmission line and a back-to-back HVDC substation located on the Lithuanian side. A magnetic couplings between the circuits of the transmission line cause that during power transmission a different values of active power losses are observed in both circuits. This situation may cause...
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Possibilities of Increasing the Overall Efficiency of Gas-steam CHP Microplant
PublikacjaThe paper presents ways to increase the efficiency of a gas-steam micro power plant by modifying the cycle combination. The modification consists in partial release of the fluid downstream of the gas turbine and using it for ORC fluid overheating and evaporation. Advantages of this solution over the simplest gas and steam cycles’ combination are demonstrated.
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Four Level Diode-Clamped Back-To-Back Converter with Active DC Link Voltage Control
PublikacjaThis article presents the design and control of 4L-DC back-to-back converter. To solve the DC link voltage balancing problem in four-level converter a new three-level double chopper topology based on PO-PWM modulation was designed and successfully tested. Also, the paper describes two phase space vector pulse width modulation 2P-SVPWM based on the shape function of finite elements. The control structure with modified Dead-Beat...
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Modelling AOB-NOB competition in shortcut nitrification compared with conventional nitrification-denitrification process
PublikacjaIn particular, mainstream deammonification and/or shortened nitrificationdenitrification via nitrite (so-called “nitrite shunt”) is a promising new treatment concept that has the potential to revolutionise how nitrogen removal is achieved at WWTPs. Understanding the role of the AOB/NOB competition in the nitrogen cycle in wastewater treatment systems will change operational strategies of the novel nitrogen removal processes. The...
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Preconcentration and Analytical Methods for Determination of Methyl Tert-Butyl Ether and Other Fuel Oxygenates and Their Degradation Products in Environment: A Review
PublikacjaFuel oxygenates (FOs) are mainly ethers or alcohols which are added to gasoline either to boost the octane number or to make the fuel burning process more "cleaner" with increasing the oxygen content, or to obtain a combination of both effects. FOs are water soluble with high mobility in the environment which presence even at very low concentrations lower the quality of water making it unsafe or unpleasant due to their objectionable...
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Tuning of food wastes bioavailability as feedstock for bio-conversion processes by acoustic cavitation and SPC, SPS, or H2O2 as external oxidants
PublikacjaThe growing amount of food wastes makes them a suitable source for the generation of bioproducts through anaerobic digestion. Appropriate hydrolysis of the feedstock can enhance the efficiency of production of desired products. In this work, acoustic cavitation (AC) was employed as a pretreatment method to enhance hydrolysis stage by the modification of model (potato-based) food waste for increase in soluble chemical oxygen demand...
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VUV irradiation studies of plasmid DNA in aqueous solution
PublikacjaInteractions of VUV light and DNA samples in aqueous solutions are reported. The damage induced by such radiation is quantified by monitoring both loss of supercoiled DNA and formation of single and double strand breaks using agarose gel electrophoresis. Irradiations were performed using synchrotron VUV photons of 130, 150, 170 and 190 nm. VUV irradiation experiments revealed enhanced damage upon irradiation with 170 nm photons...
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Low-Coherence Interferometer with Nanocrystalline Diamond Films with Potential Application to Measure Small Biological Samples
PublikacjaThe study investigates a case of a low-coherence fiber-optic Fabry–Prerot interferometer with a nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) mirror. The method of achieving double density of interference fringes is proposed by the application of birefringent material in the cavity of the interferometer. It can be used to reduce sample volume in comparison to conventional interferometers. The use of a biocompatible diamond mirror makes it specifically...
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Photoelectron spectroscopy of brominated derivative of pyrimidine: 2-bromopyrimidine
PublikacjaIn this study the brominated derivative of pyrimidine, 2-bromopyrimidine, was investigated by photoelectron spectroscopy. Outer valence photoelectron spectra recorded at 21.22, 45 and 100 eV photon energy for this compound are presented. The recorded spectra have a higher resolution than that previously reported in the literature. The bromine 3d and 3p edge photoelectron spectra have also been recorded in a photon impact experiment...
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Pikselowy cyfrowy układ CDS przeznaczony do przetwornika obrazu CMOS
PublikacjaW artykule zaproponowano cyfrowy układ CDS (Correlated Double Sampling) przeznaczony do przetwornika obrazu CMOS. Układ różni się od klasycznych rozwiązań tym, że dwie pamięci przechowujące próbki sygnału wizyjnego zastąpiono jednym licznikiem rewersyjnym. Dzięki tej modyfikacji możliwa jest znaczna redukcja powierzchni układu CDS i umieszczenie go w każdym pikselu przetwornika obrazu CMOS. System został zaprojektowany i przesymulowany...
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Pikselowy cyfrowy układ CDS przeznaczony do przetwornika obrazu CMOS
PublikacjaW artykule zaproponowano cyfrowy układ CDS (Correlated Double Sampling) przeznaczony do przetwornika obrazu CMOS. Układ różni się od klasycznych rozwiązań tym, że dwie pamięci przechowujące próbki sygnału wizyjnego zastąpiono jednym licznikiem rewersyjnym. Dzięki tej modyfikacji możliwa jest znaczna redukcja powierzchni układu CDS i umieszczenie go w każdym pikselu przetwornika obrazu CMOS. System został zaprojektowany i przesymulowany...
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Electromagnetic Problems Requiring High-Precision Computations
PublikacjaAn overview of the applications of multiple-precision arithmetic in CEM was presented in this paper for the first time. Although double-precision floating-point arithmetic is sufficient for most scientific computations, there is an expanding body of electromagnetic problems requiring multiple-precision arithmetic. Software libraries facilitating these computations were described, and investigations requiring multiple-precision...
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Experimental investigations of concrete dowels in composite floor system
PublikacjaOpisano nowy system stropow zespolonych umozliwiajacych montaz instalacji klimatyzacyjnych, wentylacyjnych i grzewczych w przestrzeni pomiedzy dwoma plytami betonowymi konstrukcji stropu: gorna i dolna. Obie plyty polaczone sa wzajemnie srodnikami stalowymi z wycieciami u gory i na dole w ksztalcie 'puzzle', ktore we wspolpracy z plyta betonowa tworza tzw. dyble betonowe. Wykonano badania laboratoryjne typu 'Push-out' tych polaczen...
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Design and experimental investigations of a cylindrical microjet heat exchanger for waste heat recovery systems
PublikacjaCompact heat exchangers have more and more applications in many areas, including the HVAC, food and petrochemical industry. This paper describes the development of heat exchanger technology for waste heat recovery (WHR) from a range of processes. Case-study testing shows that the proposed heat exchanger can successfully enhance heat transfer and recover waste heat in a range of applications making them economically, environmentally and...
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Electronically Excited States in Solution via a Smooth Dielectric Model Combined with Equation-of-Motion Coupled Cluster Theory
PublikacjaWe present a method for computing excitation energies for molecules in solvent, based on the combination of a minimal parameter implicit solvent model and the equation-of-motion coupled-cluster singles and doubles method (EOM-CCSD). In this method, the solvent medium is represented by a smoothly varying dielectric function, constructed directly from the quantum mechanical electronic density using only two tunable parameters. The...
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Elimination of impulsive disturbances from archive audio files – comparison of three noise pulse detection schemes
PublikacjaThe problem of elimination of impulsive disturbances (such as clicks, pops, ticks, crackles, and record scratches) from archive audio recordings is considered and solved using autoregressive modeling. Three classical noise pulse detection schemes are examined and compared: the approach based on open-loop multi-step-ahead signal prediction, the approach based on decision-feedback signal prediction, and the double threshold approach,...
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Performance of Watermarking-based DTD Algorithm Under Time-varying Echo Path Conditions
PublikacjaA novel double-talk detection (DTD) algorithm based on techniques similar to those used for audio signal watermarking was introduced by the authors. The application of the described DTD algorithm within acoustic echo cancellation system is presented. The problem of DTD robustness to time-varying conditions of acoustic echo path is discussed and explanation as to why such conditions occur in practical situations is provided. The...
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Robustness analysis of watermarking-based dtd algorithm under time-variable echo conditions
PublikacjaA novel double-talk detection (DTD) algorithm based on techniques similar to those used for audio signal watermarking was introduced by the authors. The application of the described DTD algorithm within acoustic echo cancellation system is presented. The problem of DTD robustness to time-varying conditions of acoustic echo path is discussed and explanation as to why such conditions occur in practical situations is provided. The...
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Integration of thermographic data with the 3D object model
PublikacjaThe aim of the paper is to present new method for merging the 3D model data of the measured object with thermograms. Our technique is based on the combination of visual 3D imaging technique and thermal imaging technique, which maps the 2D thermograms on to 3D anatomical mesh model. The combination of these imaging modalities allows the generation of combined 3D and thermal data from which thermal signatures can be verified and...
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How Do Ionic Liquids Affect the Surface Structure of Titania Photocatalyst? An Electron-Trap Distribution-Analysis Study
PublikacjaTitanium(IV) oxide, titania, photocatalyst particles were prepared from titanium alkoxide in the presence of several kinds of ionic liquids, and it was clarified that a group of samples exhibited photocatalytic activity for phenol degradation under the irradiation of light of wavelength >400 nm higher than those of the other group of samples. Although the conventional structural analytical results could not be related to the activity,...
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EHV transmission lines wires location on line operation issues - case studies
PublikacjaTransmission lines towers construction affects the line parameters and influences on its operation in the future. Misguided design of the tower can lead to serious problems such as overvoltages, electric arc extinction difficulties, voltage asymmetry, resonance phenomena or increasing of magnetic field near the line. The paper points out those threats on example of 400 kV double circuit overhead transmission line with shunt reactors....
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Experimental study of the post tensioned prestressed concrete corbels
PublikacjaThe results of experimental investigation of 6 symmetrical double prestressed corbels of variable shear span to depth ratio and variable location of prestressing bars are presented in the paper. The post ten- sioned corbels were prestressed with Macalloy 1030 bars of 25 mm in diameter. The results of the tests were compared with the cracking and load carrying capacity of corbels reinforced with passive reinforce- ment. As a result...
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The use of a 4 PB strain sweep fatigue test to evaluate characteristics of carbon grid reinforced asphalt beams
PublikacjaThe article presents research results concerning pre-bituminized carbon grids for asphalt pavement reinforcement, which are used to prevent cracking and crack reflection thus increasing bearing capacity and durability of pavement. Research program involved testing of large sized double-layer samples, both reinforced and unreinforced. The advantage of using a carbon grid was especially visible after crack initiation. The energy...
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Assessment of Subsoil Subsidence Under the Railway Surface with the Use of Fuzzy Sets
PublikacjaThe cause of the subsidence of the railway track is the subsidence of the track bed itself and it is often related to the subsidence of the subsoil. Such settlement leads to: uneven longitudinal railways and track twist. These phenomena have a negative impact on the comfort and safety of driving, and in extreme cases lead to a train derailment. It has been shown that the magnitude of these settlements is determined by many parameters...
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Deciphering the Molecular Mechanism of Substrate-Induced Assembly of Gold Nanocube Arrays toward an Accelerated Electrocatalytic Effect Employing Heterogeneous Diffusion Field Confinement
PublikacjaThe complex electrocatalytic performance of gold nanocubes (AuNCs) is the focus of this work. The faceted shapes of AuNCs and the individual assembly processes at the electrode surfaces define the heterogeneous conditions for the purpose of electrocatalytic processes. Topographic and electron imaging demonstrated slightly rounded AuNC (average of 38 nm) assemblies with sizes of ≤1 μm, where the dominating patterns are (111) and...
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Microgrinding with single-disk lapping kinematics.
PublikacjaGrinding operations are carried out with a variety of tool-workpiece configurations. The selection of a grinding process for a particular application depends on part shape, part size, ease of fixture, requirements concerning the acceptable shape errors. It is evident that lapping is very effective in eliminating the waviness while surface grinding is not. Dual disk machines for the double face grinding with planetary kinematics...
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Metody strojenia regulatorów typu PID z wykorzystaniem technologii syntezy regulatorów od stanu
PublikacjaUkłady sterujące typu PID są jednymi z najbardziej popularnych regulatorów wykorzystywanych w układach regulacji. W związku z tym znanych jest szereg metod doboru wartości ich parametrów (nastaw). Obok różnych metod inżynierskich czy analitycznych strojenia tego typu regulatorów, dostępne są również podejścia bazujące na optymalizacji. Wskaźnikiem jakości znajdującym w nich zastosowanie jest np. całka z kwadratu uchybu. W artykule...
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Nonlinear free and forced vibrations of a dielectric elastomer-based microcantilever for atomic force microscopy
PublikacjaThe majority of atomic force microcode (AFM) probes work based on piezoelectric actuation. However, some undesirable phenomena such as creep and hysteresis may appear in the piezoelectric actuators that limit their applications. This paper proposes a novel AFM probe based on dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs). The DE is modeled via the use of a hyperelastic Cosserat model. Size effects and geometric nonlinearity are included...
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Assessing Roadside Hybrid Energy Absorbers Using the Example of SafeEnd
PublikacjaA combination of crash cushion and end-terminal, hybrid energy absorbing devices have been in use worldwide for a few years already. They include SafeEnd, a system Poland has recently introduced. Some road authorities have raised concerns as regards the operating conditions of the devices and how they work together with safety barriers. The objective of this research is to clarify the concerns and answer the following questions:...
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Charge dependence of fragmentation process induced by ion collisions with furan molecule
PublikacjaThe goal of this work is to describe the system evolution after ion-molecule interaction. We combine different quantum chemistry and statistical mechanics approaches in order to give extended description of the process. Herein we report on a recent study of the fragmentation mechanism of neutral, singly- and doubly-ionized furan molecule in the gas phase.
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Theoretical study of the photoelectron spectrum of ethyl formate: Ab initio and density functional theory investigation
PublikacjaThe first ionization energy and associated photoelectron spectrum of ethyl formate are investigated with quantum chemistry calculations. The geometries, harmonic vibrational frequencies and first ionization energy are computed at the Hartree-Fock (HF) and at the second order Moller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2). Moreover, accurate ionization energies are obtained with the Coupled-Cluster theory including singles and doubles...
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Supercapacitors - charge redistribution and restoring voltage
PublikacjaThe charge in supercapacitor is stored on electrodes and in electrolyte. The charges on electrodes create the Helmholtz double layer which is formed immediately with time constant of the order of seconds, while the charge storage in electrolyte is going on with time constant of the order of hundreds seconds. When the charged supercapacitor is shorted for few seconds, the charge from electrodes is discharged while the charge in...
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Mathematical Approach to Assess a Human Gait
PublikacjaA purpose of the paper was to create a mathematical approach to assess a human gait. The scope of the study was to model a normal gait in the sagittal plane and frontal plane of the body. Applying the Newton-Euler formulation, three multibody biomechanical models were derived to describe single support phase and double support phase of the gait. To model a gait in the sagittal plane the open-close sagittal 6DOF model and the open-close...
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DETECTION OF DEBONDING IN STEEL BARS EMBEDDED IN CONCRETE USING GUIDED WAVE PROPAGATION
PublikacjaThe paper presents a non-destructive diagnostic technique based on guided wave propagation phenomenon used to assess the adhesive bonding between a steel bar and a concrete cover. Double-layered cylindrical specimens with different levels of debonding and its location were investigated. The influence of bonding length on the excitation of multiple modes of longitudinal guided waves was analysed. Numerical simulations of guided...
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Transient States during Short-circuit in a Line Powered by UPS and its Impact on Earth Fault Loop Impedance Measurement and Power Quality
PublikacjaThe short-circuit in a line powered by Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) during different UPS operation modes is presented in the article. The transient state condition related to the short-circuit in a line fed from double conversion On-line UPS is discussed in detail. The results of the measurements of earth fault loop impedance (FLI) in circuits powered by UPS with the instruments of various manufacturers are presented. The...
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Dissociative electron attachment and anion-induced dimerization in pyruvic acid
PublikacjaWe report partial cross sections for the dissociative electron attachment to pyruvic acid. A rich fragmentation dynamics is observed. Electronic structure calculations facilitate the identification of complex rearrangement reactions that occur during the dissociation. Furthermore, a number of fragment anions produced at electron energies close to 0 eV are observed, that cannot originate from single electron-molecule collisions....
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Effect of Acetylation and Beta‐Amylase Treatment on Complexation of Debranched Starch with Naringenin
PublikacjaStarch inclusion complexation has been shown to improve solubility of water insoluble molecules. Potato starch and Hylon VII are acetylated at two levels and then debranched alone or combined with β‐amylase hydrolysis, and its complexes with naringenin are prepared in aqueous conditions and characterized in this study. Both soluble and insoluble complexes are formed with the soluble complex present in the supernatant and the insoluble...
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High voltage protective assembly.
PublikacjaW referacie opisano zestaw zabezpieczeniowy, składający się z bezpiecznika i ogranicznika przepięć, przeznaczony dla napowietrznych słupowych stacji transformatorowych średnich napięć. Zastosowany warystorowy ogranicznik przepięć spełnia jednocześnie rolę wspornika dla bezpiecznika gazowydmuchowego. W referacie przedstawiono budowę, podstawowe parametry, przykłady zastosowania oraz wyniki badań zwarciowych zestawu.
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Global defensive sets in graphs
PublikacjaIn the paper we study a new problem of finding a minimum global defensive set in a graph which is a generalization of the global alliance problem. For a given graph G and a subset S of a vertex set of G, we define for every subset X of S the predicate SEC ( X ) = true if and only if | N [ X ] ∩ S | ≥ | N [ X ] \ S | holds, where N [ X ] is a closed neighbourhood of X in graph G. A set S is a defensive alliance if and only if for...
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THE ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF STRESS DISTRIBUTION ON WEAR PROFILE IN LUBRICATED SLIDING CONTACT OF UHMW-PE VS TITANIUM Ti-13Nb-13Zr ALLOY
PublikacjaMetal – polymer sliding contacts are a typical combination in industry and medicine. For decades such a set of materials has been the primary choice in human joints endoprosthetic technology. In this paper tribological issues of are presented from a research on the potential for practical use of Ti-13Nb-13Zr/UHMW-PE couple for orthopedic endoprosthesis. In tests on simplified models it is critically important to carefully...
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Restrained differential of a graph
PublikacjaGiven a graph $G=(V(G), E(G))$ and a vertex $v\in V(G)$, the {open neighbourhood} of $v$ is defined to be $N(v)=\{u\in V(G) :\, uv\in E(G)\}$. The {external neighbourhood} of a set $S\subseteq V(G)$ is defined as $S_e=\left(\cup_{v\in S}N(v)\right)\setminus S$, while the \emph{restrained external neighbourhood} of $S$ is defined as $S_r=\{v\in S_e : N(v)\cap S_e\neq \varnothing\}$. The restrained differential of a graph $G$ is...
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Realizacja przetwornika obrazu CMOS z wbudowaną konwersją A/C i cyfrowym układem CDS
PublikacjaW artykule przedstawiono realizację w technologii CMOS 180 nm przetwornika obrazu z wbudowaną konwersją analogowo-cyfrową oraz z funkcją cyfrowej redukcji szumu. Przedstawiona realizacja przetwornika obrazu różni się od znanych z literatury rozwiązań tym, że układ redukcji szumu CDS (Correlated Double Sampling) umieszczono w każdym pikselu obrazu. Dzięki tej modyfikacji możliwe jest zastąpienie migawki szczelinowej przez migawkę...
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Defining the thermal conductivity of thermally heterogeneous hollow wall bricks used as elements for increasing the comfort of buildings
PublikacjaThe article presents numerical calculation analysis in the scope of determining thermal conductivity coefficientλeq[W/(m·K)] of thermally heterogeneous hollow bricks of thermally heterogeneous structure (a combinationof structural material with thermal insulation material). Numerical calculations were conducted by means ofprofessional software TRISCO-KOBRU 86, serving thermal circulation analysis in a 2D field in stationary approach.The...
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The energy approach to fatigue crack growth of S355 steel welded specimens subjected to bending
PublikacjaThe study presents the results of the research on the rate of fatigue crack growth subjected to bending in the ferritic-pearlitic structure. The studies were carried out at a constant amplitude of the moment and at various values of the load ratios R and at the operating frequency of the machine of 28.4 Hz. Flat specimens made of S355 steel and with fillet welds and with double-sided blunt external notches as well as concave...
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Magnetic-field-induced electric quadrupole moments for relativistic hydrogenlike atoms: Application of the Sturmian expansion of the generalized Dirac-Coulomb Green function
PublikacjaWe consider a Dirac one-electron atom placed in a weak, static, uniform magnetic field. We show that, to the first order in the strength of the external field, the only electric multipole moments, which are induced by the perturbation in the atom, are those of an even order. Using the Sturmian expansion of the generalized Dirac-Coulomb Green function we derive a closed-form expression for the electric quadrupole moment induced...
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Nowa metoda obliczania rozpływu prądów zwarciowych w przewodach odgromowych linii wysokiego napięcia
PublikacjaReferat przedstawia nowatorską metodę obliczania wartości prądów płynących w przewodach odgromowych w czasie zwarć, pozwalającą na dobór przewodów odgromowych pod względem wytrzymałości cieplnej. Proponowana metoda charakteryzuje się większą dokładnością i większą uniwersalnością niż powszechnie stosowane metody, pozwalając tym samym na dobór przewodów odgromowych z mniejszym ryzykiem niepewności. Prezentowana metoda obliczeniowa...
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Molecular basis for the DNA damage induction and anticancer activity of asymmetrically substituted anthrapyridazone PDZ-7
Publikacjanthrapyridazones, imino analogues of anthraquinone, constitute a family of compounds with remarkable anti-cancer activity. To date, over 20 derivatives were studied, of which most displayed nanomolar cytotoxicity towards broad spectrum of cancer cells, including breast, prostate and leukemic ones. BS-154, the most potent derivative, had IC50 values close to 1 nM, however, it was toxic in animal studies. Here, we characterize another...
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Effect of Hydroxypropylation and Beta-Amylase Treatment on Complexation of Debranched Starch With Naringenin
PublikacjaNaringenin exhibits many health benefits but it has limited water solubility and consequently low bioavailability. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of hydroxypropylation and enzymatic treatments on starch complexation with naringenin. Potato starch and Hylon VII are hydroxypropylated to two substitution degrees and then debranched or debranched/β‐amylase treated prior to complexing with naringenin. Both...