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Search results for: hot mix asphalt
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Poroelastic Low Noise Road Surfaces
PublicationNoise is one of the most important problems related to road traffic. During the last decades, noise emitted by engine and powertrain of vehicles was greatly reduced and tyres became a clearly dominant noise source. The paper describes the concept of low noise poroelastic road surfaces that are composed with mineral and rubber aggregate bound by polyurethane resin. Those surfaces have a porous structure and are much more flexible...
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The Factors Affecting Group Identity of Cluster Structures
PublicationThe paper provides a new approach to cluster analysis, basing on a sociologically rooted concept of identity. The authors state that identity in cluster structures is formed by two main groups of factors – uncontrollable or slightly controllable factors (identity mix) and factors that can be fully controlled by a cluster initiative (corporate identity mix). It means that the cluster coordinator is able to consciously build the...
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Polymer Modified Bitumen
PublicationIn this paper we present the benefits of using polymers as an asphalt modifiers, especially the low molecular weight reactive compounds, which are capable of forming an polymer network with bitumen "in situ" in the process of its modification.
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PROBLEMS OF THE STARTING AND OPERATING OF HYDRAULIC COMPONENTS AND SYSTEMS IN LOW AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (PART V) METHODS ENSURING CORRECT START-UP OF HYDRAULIC COMPONENTS OF SHIP’S ONBOARD DEVICES IN LOW AMBIENT TEMPERATURES
PublicationA large number of hydraulic devices and systems are started in low ambient temperatures. A good example of such a device is the hoisting winch on the ship. Starting hydraulic drive units in thermal shock conditions (rapid supply of hot oil to the cold unit) may lead to incorrect operation of the actuating system, for instance, due to the loss of clearance between cooperating elements. The article presents methods to prevent the...
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PRĄDY WYRÓWNAWCZE W UZIOMACH FUNDAMENTOWYCH I SZTUCZNYCH
PublicationW artykule omówiono zasady wykonywania uziomów fundamentowych i sztucznych. Przedstawiono wyniki pomiarów prądów w instalacji zawierającej stal zbrojeniową w fundamencie, połączoną z układem uziomu sztucznego w ziemi wykonanym z stali ocynkowanej.
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Application of Tensile Creep Test and Viscoelastic Method to the Analysis of Thermal Stresses at Low Temperatures
PublicationThe paper presents the viscoelastic method of thermal stresses calculation with utilization of results from tensile creep test (TCT) at a temperature range from −20 to +20 °C (in the case of asphalt concrete with styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) polymer-modified bitumen from −30 to +20 °C). Two types of neat road bitumen 35/50 and 50/70 and polymer SBS-modified bitumen 45/80–55 were tested for tensile creep properties at low temperatures....
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The new concept of product. Cooling band
PublicationThe chapter below presents the innovative solution consist in applying the cooling band to help holding the hot object. The solution was found through substitute inputs analysis and brain storm method. The new product was submitted in Polish Patent Office under the No. W.120905.
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Badania mieszanek mineralno-asfaltowych w niskiej temperaturze
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono metody badań w niskiej temperaturze betonu asfaltowego przeznaczonego do warstwy ścieralnej. Przedstawione zostały wyniki badań dla 4 różnych metod badawczych: zginania, pełzania, pośredniego rozciągania oraz rozciągania termicznego przy ograniczonym odkształceniu (test TSRST). Próbki betonu asfaltowego były przygotowywane w laboratorium z wykorzystaniem 3 rodzajów asfaltów: asfaltu zwykłego, asfaltu modyfikowanego...
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Evaluation of Pavement Temperatures in Poland During Winter Conditions
PublicationThe paper presents the analysis of pavement temperatures from meteorological stations located at the Polish national roads during the impact of low winter temperatures. Presented issue is particularly important in view of the problem of low-temperature cracks that occur in the asphalt pavement under the influence of low temperatures. For each location of meteorological station there were analysed measurements of the temperature...
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Marketing terytorialny - podstawowe założenia
PublicationArtykuł podejmuje próbę przełożenia pojęcia marketingu na sferę odnoszącą się do działalności publicznej na zdelimitowanym obszarze. Przedstawia charakterystykę, przesłanki wpływające na powstanie oraz przyczyny wydzielenia marketingu terytorialnego. Prezentuje różne ujęcia definicyjne oraz cechy charakterystyczne jednostek przestrzennych modyfikujące jego interpretację. Pokrótce charakteryzuje terytorialny marketing-mix.
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Katedra Inżynierii Drogowej. Zakład Budowy Dróg.
PublicationDepartment of Highway Engineering is divided into two divisions: Road Construction Division and Traffic Engineering Division. The head of Road Construction Division is Prof. J. Judycki. There are nine members of division: professor, three PhD, two MSc, two technicians and secretary. The main areas of research activities are: analysis of flexible, semi-rigid and rigid pavements, resistance of asphalt pavement to permanent deformation,...
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The Influence of Binding Agents on Stiffness of Mineral-cement-emulsion Mixtures
PublicationThis paper attempts to determine the behavior of mineral-cement-emulsion mixture (MCE) under load, whether is it similar to asphalt mixtures (viscoelastic behavior) or to cement treated materials (elastic behavior). To answer this question nine mineral- cement-emulsion mixtures with different combinations of cement and emulsion content were tested in laboratory using Simple Performance Test (SPT). For each mixture stiffness moduli...
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On the production of electricity in Poland using a geothermal binary power plant - A thermodynamic overview - Part I
PublicationPoland has a significant potential of geothermal energy. However, the high-temperature sources that are needed to drive power plants are found in relatively few places. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to consider any location in the northern part of Poland as a possible place to build a binary power plant. A scientific research was confirmed the existence of an elevated temperature gradient in this region. The hot rocks...
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Analysis of effect of overloaded vehicles on fatigue life of flexible pavements based on weigh in motion (WIM) data
PublicationOverloaded vehicles have a significant impact on pavement fatigue life and distress. As the studies show, the phenomena intensify when the control of traffic is poor. The paper presents the results of the research including analysis of weigh in motion data from eight stations and analysis of asphalt pavement fatigue caused by mixed traffic. Distributions of vehicles axles load including the multiple axles effects are presented....
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Efficient method for octahedral NH2-MIL-125 (Ti) synthesis: Fast and mild conditions
PublicationA new hot injection method for preparing octahedral NH2-MIL-125 (Ti) was developed. This method is six times faster and conducted under milder conditions, i.e., at 120°C in a flask, and exhibits higher crystal formation efficiency than the commonly used solvothermal method while maintaining comparable structural, optical, and photocatalytic properties.
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Analytical method for calculation of heat source temperature drop for the Organic Rankine Cycle application
PublicationIn the paper presented are considerations on the cooperation of the limited capacity heat source with the Organic Rankine Cycle unit. Usually the heat source providing thermal energy to the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) may have twofold characteristics. It can be in the form of a single phase fluid, i.e. as hot exhaust gas or hot liquid, or in some cases it may be available as a phase changing fluid, as for example, technological...
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Optimisation and field assessment of poroelastic wearing course bond quality
PublicationCompared to typical asphalt mixtures, poroelastic mixtures are characterised by high porosity and high flexibility, which are desirable for traffic noise reduction. However, the same properties increase the risk of debonding from the lower layer, which is a significant source of premature damage. The study investigates which of the factors – tack coat agent, type and texture of the lower layer – have the greatest impact on interlayer...
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Low-Temperature Requirements for Bitumen in Central East European Road Construction
PublicationThe paper presents the proposition of special assessment of lowtemperature requirements for bitumens in the region of Central and Eastern Europe where there is a moderate transitional area from sea to the continental type of climate. The results of the research program conducted on the road neat bitumens, Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene polymer and polymer-rubber modified bitumen, and multigrade bitumen types were presented and discussed....
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Sczepność międzywarstwowa w nowobudowanych nawierzchniach w Polsce
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono analizę wyników badań sczepności międzywarstwowej warstw asfaltowych przeprowadzonych na podstawie danych z monitoringu właściwości fizyko-mechanicznych warstw asfaltowych z lat 2012-2013. Monitoring prowadziły Laboratoria Drogowe oddziałów GDDKiA w ramach własnych badań kontrolnych podczas realizowanych inwestycji. Analizie poddano 7043 wyników badań sczepności międzywarstwowej badanych próbek, odwierconych...
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Gesture-controlled Sound Mixing System With a Sonified Interface
PublicationIn this paper the Authors present a novel approach to sound mixing. It is materialized in a system that enables to mix sound with hand gestures recognized in a video stream. The system has been developed in such a way that mixing operations can be performed both with or without visual support. To check the hypothesis that the mixing process needs only an auditory display, the influence of audio information visualization on sound...
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Laboratory Determination of Burger's Model Parameters for Visco-elastic Analysis of Road Pavement Materials
PublicationBurger's Model is one of those models that describes performance of asphalt mixtures. Its parameters can be used in road construction analysis based on visco-elastic properties in wide variety of temperatures using dedicated programs (e.g. Veroad) or in Finite Element Method (FEM). Parameters of Burger's Model can be used for example in prediction of low temperature cracking in low winter temperatures or permanent deformation...
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The use of lightweight aggregate saturated with PCM as a temperature stabilizing material for road surfaces.
PublicationThis paper presents the possibility of adding lightweight building aggregates to increase the stability – mechanical as well as thermal - of constructions and road objects. This stability can be achieved through saturating the porous granules of aggregate with a phase-change material (PCM) that allows the accumulation of solar heat. Intense solar radiation, especially during the summer, can cause the asphalt on road surfaces, bridges...
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DESIGN ERRORS CAUSE AN EMERGENCY OF THE REINFORCED CONCRETE TANK FOR COKE
PublicationThe quality of the developed design documentation and the maintenance of the technological regime during construction works have a decisive impact on the subsequent safety of the structure, as well as the safety of use of the building. The paper describes the defects and damages of an open, rectangular reinforced concrete tank for hot process water, which failed during a short period of operation. The article also presents the...
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An investigation of selected monoaromatic hydrocarbons released from the surface of polystyrene lids used in coffee-to-go cups
PublicationA consumer trend towards the fast preparation of beverages has increased the popularity of hot beverages (especially coffee and tea) available in disposable containers called coffee-to-go cups with fitted polystyrene lids. Lids in contact with hot beverages may release low molecular weight organic compounds into the gaseous phase causing direct exposure of consumers to these compounds during drinking. The paper describes in detail...
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Unprecedented Adhesive Performance of Propylene-Based Hydroxyl Functionalized Terpolymers
PublicationThe synthesis of hydroxyl functionalized propylene-based terpolymers and their performance as hot melt adhesives were investigated. The products comprise uniformly distributed butyl and 4-hydroxyl-butyl branches along the polypropylene backbone. Despite the low hydroxyl-functionality level of ≤ 0.5 mol%, hydroxyl functionalized terpolymers show formidable adhesion to aluminum and steel providing an adhesive strength exceeding 16...
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Comparison of traditional district heating with low temperature district heating systems featuring organic Rankine cycle and heat pump
PublicationPaper presents a comparison between a traditional district heating system with conventional boilers as a source of heat and electricity purchases from power utilities and a low temperature DH system incorporating the CHP with organic Rankine Cycle providing electricity and local heat pump raising the temperature of the DH fluid to the required temperature in the dwelling, meaning that both heat and electricity are produced within...
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Application of MARKAL model to optimisation of electricity generation structure in Poland in the long-term time horizon. Part II. Model and forecasts assumptions
PublicationIn this paper, the next in a series of publications on the subject, assumptions are presented of a power system development model in terms of electricity generation technology infrastructure in Poland, in the long term perspective until 2060. The model is based on the mathematical structure of the MARKAL optimization package. Among other things developed are a forecast of the final demand for electricity and heat, the current...
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Nanotechnologies in Development of Structural Materials and Biomaterials
PublicationThe nanometric materials and technologies resulted in nanostructures are reviewed. The examples of nanomaterials are shown. The typical nanotechnologies, including plastic deformation, mechanical attrition, controlled detonation, hot plasma jet synthesis, laser vaporisation, CVD and PVD, mechanical milling, annealing, ultrasonic irradiation, nanolithography, electrocrystallisation, electrospinning, sol-gel method, cryogenic laser-enhanced...
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Modelling long-term technological transition of Polish power system using MARKAL: Emission trade impact
PublicationThe need for technological transition of electricity production becomes a global problem. However, in coal-dominated Polish power system this need is even more crucial than anywhere, since technical lifetime of the most domestic power plants is ending. In this paper, the impact of the EU Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS) for CO2 combined with sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emission trading mechanism on power technology...
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Analiza temperatury ekwiwalentnej do projektowania nawierzchni asfaltowych w Polsce z wykorzystaniem metody AASHTO 2004
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono analizę temperatury ekwiwalentnej obliczanej w oparciu o kryterium spękań zmęczeniowych warstw asfaltowych z metody AASHTO 2004 oraz kryterium deformacji strukturalnych Instytutu Asfaltowego. Do obliczeń przyjęto konstrukcję nawierzchni KR5 oraz wykorzystano dane temperaturowe z 50 stacji meteorologicznych z okresu 30 lat od roku 1989 do roku 2019 włącznie udostępnione przez Instytut Meteorologii i Gospodarki...
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Effects of Xanthan Gum Biopolymer on the Permeability, Odometer, Unconfined Compressive and Triaxial Shear Behavior of a Sand
PublicationBiopolymers, which are microbially induced polymers, can be used as an alternative material to improve engineering performance of soils. In this paper, a laboratory study of 0.075-1.0 mm size sand and biopolymer (i.e., xanthan gum) mixtures with various mix ratios (0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5%) was performed. The materials, specimen preparation, and test methods are described, as are the results of a suite of permeability, odometer, unconfined...
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Smart city and fire detection using thermal imaging
PublicationIn this paper, we summarize the results obtained from fire experiments. The aim of the work was to develop new methods of fire detection using IR thermal imaging cameras and dedicated image processing. We conducted 4 experiments in different configurations and with the use of different objects. The conducted experiments have shown the great usefulness of infrared cameras for detecting the seeds of a fire. Even cheap low-resolution...
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Storing thermal energy from solar collectors for the needs of a detached house
PublicationThis work evaluates the possibility of meeting a single familu household's need for hot water and heat year round, using solar collectors as the sole energy sourse. The main flaw of energetic systems based on solar energy is that the energy supply is usually insufficient in winter, when it is most needed. This work is going to show thatm for a house surface of 150 m2 and base dimension of 10x10m, it is possible to supply sufficient...
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A LABORATORY STAND FOR THE ANALYSIS OF DYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF THERMOCOUPLES
PublicationIn the present elaboration, problems connected with measurements of high variable temperatures of gases are introduced and the impact of dynamic properties of different construction solutions of thermoelements on the accuracy of the measurements is considered. A laboratory stand built within research under doctoral thesis, destined for analysis of dynamic properties of thermocouples is also described. Results of numerical simulation...
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Management of low-temperature heat source by ORC aided by additional heat source
PublicationThe presented work is aimed at utilisation of waste heat in the manner to produce electricity in ORC installation. Therefore the precondition of the study was to use the waste heat available in the form of a stream of hot water at 90°C. Such low enthalpy heat source is rather insufficient to produce a good quality vapour to feed the ORC turbine. That was the incentive to search for the ways of increasing the temperature of the...
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A Study on the Effects of Cold Deformation on CMnSi Steel Structures Utilised in the Shipbuilding Industry
PublicationThis article analyses the effects of deformation on the structure of CMnSi steel at various deformation levels. After hot forging, the structure of CMnSi steel comprises coarse-sized alpha and pearlite particles. The average grain size of steel after forging was 100 μm. After hot rolling, the grain size gradually decreases, with the average size of the ferrite and pearlite grains measured as 60 μm. After that, CMnSi steel was...
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Testing A Novel Gesture-Based Mixing Interface
PublicationWith a digital audio workstation, in contrast to the traditional mouse-keyboard computer interface, hand gestures can be used to mix audio with eyes closed. Mixing with a visual representation of audio parameters during experiments led to broadening the panorama and a more intensive use of shelving equalizers. Listening tests proved that the use of hand gestures produces mixes that are aesthetically as good as those obtained using...
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Current status and future success of renewable energy in Pakistan
PublicationMismatch between energy demand and supply from last two decades has been increasing because of the domination of expensive imported oil in energy mix of Pakistan. To import crude oil Government paid US $ 9 billion in 2008–2009 to meet the energy demands...
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Landscape of the Vistula Estuary - searching for traces of ingenium embodied
PublicationArtykuł podaje skrótowe informacje o dawnym i współczesnym znaczeniu obiektów inżynieryjnych w krajobrazie delty Wisły, które znalazły się na trasie objazdu konserwatorskiego w dniu 5 maja w ramach realizacji programu konferencji HOT-GO 4 wraz z kalendarium ich dziejów: Most Lisewski przez Wisłę w Tczewie, wielki przekop Wisły w Świbnie, śluzy w Przegalinie, Gdańskiej Głowie i Białej Górze, relikty kanału w Piekle.
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The Influence of Drying Temperature on Color Change of Hornbeam and Maple Wood Used as Surface and Inner Layers of Wood Composites
PublicationThe thermal treatment of wood changes its structure due to the degradation of wood polymers (cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin), so the physical properties of wood are either improved or degraded. Color changes apply not only to natural wood, but also to such wood composites for which some amount of glue is used in their construction (e.g., plywood, blockboard or laminboard). This article is focused on the analysis of hornbeam...
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Pomiar wartości opóźnienia hamowania dla sprawnego i niesprawnego układu hamulcowego
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań: sprawny układ hamulcowy i niesprawny układ hamulcowy. Pomiary opóźnienia hamowania przeprowadzono na suchej nawierzchni asfaltowej. Wykonano układ, który rozszczelnia przewód hamulcowy przy przednim prawym kole w czasie jazdy. Wykonano symulację wycieku płynu hamulcowego
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Problemy z powłokami antykorozyjnymi na elementach wyposażenia obiektów mostowych
PublicationPrzedstawiono problem wadliwości zabezpieczenia antykorozyjnego w zakresie malarskich powłok ochronno - dekoracyjnych wykonywanych na stalowych elementach barier zabezpieczonych uprzednio poprzez ocynkowanie metodą zanurzeniową. Wykorzystując przykłady pochodzące z różnych obiektów przedstawiono powtarzający się problem delaminacji powłok malarskich, niezależny od rodzaju zastosowanych wyrobów lakierniczych oraz znacznego rozwoju...
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Problemy z powłokami antykorozyjnymi na elementach wyposażenia obiektów mostowych
PublicationOpisano problem wadliwości zabezpieczenia antykorozyjnego w zakresie malarskich powłok ochronno-dekoracyjnych wykonywanych na stalowych elementach barier zabezpieczonych uprzednio poprzez ocynkowanie metodą zanurzeniową na gorąco. Wykorzystując przykłady pochodzące z różnych obiektów przedstawiono powtarzający się problem delaminacji powłok malarskich, niezależny od rodzaju zastosowanych wyrobów lakierniczych oraz znacznego rozwoju...
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Rational Use of Primary Energy in Single-Family Residential Houses
PublicationThis work presents results of the primary energy use for heating residential single-family house. Analysis includes domestic hot water system (DHW) and heating, ventilation and air condition system (HVAC). During researches the conventional and alternative energy sources (natural gas, biomass, fuel oil, bituminous coal, lignite or electric energy obtained from electric power system – EPS) were used in DHW and HVAC systems. Furthermore...
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Przegląd nanododatków stosowanych w warstwach asfaltowych nawierzchni drogowych
PublicationJednym z kierunków rozwoju technologii materiałowych jest nanotechnologia rozumiana jako dziedzina zajmująca się zastosowaniem nanododatków do wytwarzania nowych materiałów oraz ich wpływem na parametry modyfikowanych materiałów. W ostatnich latach nanotechnologia wkracza do technologii modyfikacji asfaltów stosowanych w nawierzchniach drogowych. W artykule przedstawiono stosowane obecnie w budownictwie drogowym nanododatki oraz...
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Bitumen Aging—Laboratory Simulation Methods Used in Practice and Selected Directions of Research on New Methods
PublicationChanges in the properties of bitumen binders that occur as a result of aging have a huge impact on the durability of products produced from them. In particular, asphalt pavements, which constitute the most common use of petroleum bitumen, are susceptible to damage resulting from the increasing stiffness of the bitumen during its life cycle. Increased stiffness of asphalt pavements reduces the pavement resistance to low-temperature...
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Characterization of Bi6Fe2Ti3O18 Ceramics with Impedance Spectroscopy
PublicationIn the present research the tool of impedance spectroscopy was utilized to characterize dielectric behavior of Aurivillius-type ceramics of Bi6Fe2Ti3O18 composition fabricated by hot pressing method from the stoichiometric mixture of oxides Bi2O3, TiO2 and Fe2O3. Impedance spectroscopy was applied to characterize dielectric response of bulk, grain boundary, and material/electrode interfaces of the fabricated polycrystalline ceramic...
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AUTONOMOUS PLATFORM TO PROTECT MARITIME INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES
PublicationProblems regarding the security of maritime infrastructure, especially harbours and offshore infrastructure, are currently a very hot topic. Due to these problems, there are some research projects in which the main goal is to decrease the gap and improve the methods of observation in the chosen area, for both in-air and underwater areas. The main goal of the paper is to show a new complex system for improving the security of the...
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Normal stress distribution in built‑up cold‑formed column in relation to interconnecting bolt spacing
PublicationIn order to increase a stiffness of cold-formed steel (CFS) elements it is practised to built-up the cross-section. In the analysed case, a main element is strengthened by adding extra chord in contact partially along the column. This additional chord acts as a longitudinal stiffener connected with the main section by series of bolts. Authors check whether rules applied over the years, for hot-rolled elements, can be indiscriminately...
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Marketing miedzynarodowy
Publication4.2. Cena - w podrozdziale przedstawiono podstawowe definicje, strategie cenowe, proces ustalania ceny i metody jej wyznaczania, określono ponadto taktyczną rolę ceny4.3. Dystrybucja - podrozdział obejmuje podstawowe pojęcia w zakresie dystrybucji, kryteria klasyfikacji oraz typy kanałów dystrybucji. W tej części pracy scharakteryzowano ponadto sprzedaż hurtową oraz detaliczną, rodzaje pośredników, formy i strategie dystrybucji,...