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Search results for: AIRBORNE WEAR PARTICLES
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Modified nanodiamond particle size studies by means of dynamic light scattering technique
PublicationThe Methods Utilizing the Phenomena of Light Scattering to Measure Particle Size distribution in different solvent, such as deionise water and alcohol and also to study the various structural formation when nanodiamond solution is placed on silicon surface. The purpose of this research project is divided into two parts to configure the measurement units for examining modified nanodiamond particles, examination...
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Modified nanodiamond particle size studies by means of dynamic light scattering technique
PublicationThe Methods Utilizing the Phenomena of Light Scattering to Measure Particle Size distribution in different solvent, such as deionise water and alcohol and also to study the various structural formation when nanodiamond solution is placed on silicon surface. The purpose of this research project is divided into two parts to configure the measurement units for examining modified nanodiamond particles, examination...
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Developing Materials for Biodegradable Otolaryngological Stents
PublicationMaterials for otolaryngological stents have to be characterized by good tensile strength, wear resistance, biocompatibility, and specific degradation time. This work aimed to synthesize polyurethanes based on various biodegradable polyol blends. Their biodegradability and mechanical properties were tested and compared to commercial BIOFLEX material.
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Influence of operating pressure on the durability of a satellite hydraulic motor supplied by rapeseed oil
PublicationThis article describes the results of a durability test of a hydraulic satellite motor supplied by rapeseed oil. The tests were carried out on a test stand in a power recuperation system. The tests of the motor were carried out at a constant shaft speed for three fixed pressure drops in the motor. This made it possible to demonstrate the influence of the motor operating pressure on the durability of the satellite mechanism. The...
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Profile irregularities of turned surfaces as a result of machine tool interactions
PublicationThe paper describes the influence of the machining operation on a surface, which disturbs the projection of the tool profile in the form of its relative movements with respect to the object. The elements of the machine tool undergo constant wear during the machining process, it is therefore important to recognize the effects of their influence on the surface's irregularities. Amplitude-frequency analysis of lateral profiles has...
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OVERALL SET OF BANDSAW TEETH VERSUS METHODS OF MEASUREMENTS
PublicationThis article deals with the impact of the manual methods of measurement on the overall set measurement results. It describes the results of the measurement of bandsaw teeth kerf with the use of a micrometer and a digital calliper. It is commonly known that the cutting process causes the wear of cutting tools. The wear of the cutting edge depends on the cutting conditions as well as on the mechanical properties of the processed...
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Investigation of MIEX® resin sedimentation in the aspect of particle sizes remaining in the supernatant
PublicationThe aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the MIEX® resin sedimentation process, both new and repeatedly used in hybrid water treatment MIEX®DOC + microfiltration (MF) or ultrafiltration (UF) processes (repeatedly regenerated). The tests consisted of performing 1 h sedimentation of the suspension resin in nonflow conditions and analysis of supernatant water at different process durations. The suspension weight analysis...
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Effect of presence of lifting pocket on the THD performance of a large tilting-pad thrust bearing
PublicationHydrostatic assistance is a commonly used method to improve limited load carrying ability of tiltingpad thrust bearings during transient states of operation of vertical shaft hydro-generators. Despite of special hydraulic equipment (as pumps, valves, etc.), it also requires manufacturing of special recesses/pockets at pad sliding surfaces, into which oil is injected under high pressure. It allows to lift the rotor before start-up...
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Rigid polyurethane foams modified with ground tire rubber - mechanical, morphological and thermal studies
PublicationRigid polyurethane foams, prepared by a single step method, were modified with the two types of ground tire rubber particles, i.e. untreated and thermo-mechanically reclaimed by using a co-rotating twin screw extruder. The foaming process as well as the structure and the physical, mechanical and thermal properties of the resulting foams were investigated. The presence of ground tire rubber decreased the velocity of polymerization....
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Application of the Monte Carlo algorithm for solving volume integral equation in light scattering simulations
PublicationVarious numerical methods were proposed for analysis of the light scattering phenomenon. Important group of these methods is based on solving the volume integral equation describing the light scattering process. The popular method from this group is the discrete dipole approximation (DDA). DDA uses various numerical algorithms to solve the discretized integral equation. In the recent years, the application of the Monte Carlo (MC)...
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Corrosion and Cavitation Resistances of Low Alloy Steel After Frictional-Mechanical Treatment
PublicationPaper presents the results of the studies of wear, corrosion and cavitation resistances of the S355J2 low alloy medium carbon steel subjected to surface modification by friction-mechanical treatment, as tested in sea water simulated solution. To evaluate the effect of the surface treatment, the comparative studies of the corrosive properties of the steel before and after treatment have been considered. The treatment due to a severe...
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Influence of Wastewater Treatment Technology on Particle Size Distribution in the Effluent
PublicationSuspended solids in water and wastewater usually carry quite a large load of pollutants (organic substances, nutrients, heavy metals, etc.) adsorbed on the particles surface. Particles of different sizes carry different types and quantities of pollutants. Therefore, particle size distribution is of importance in waster and wastewater treatment. In the article the influence of different treatment technologies on particle size distribution...
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Is the microfiltration process suitable as a method of removing suspended solids from rainwater?
PublicationDue to climate change and anthropogenic pressure, freshwater availability is declining in areas where it has not been noticeable so far. As a result, the demands for alternative sources of safe drinking water and effective methods of purification are growing. A solution worth considering is the treatment of rainwater by microfiltration. This study presents the results of selected analyses of rainwater runoff, collected from the...
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The overview of reactors used for the production of precipitated calcium carbonate via carbonation route
PublicationCarbonation is one of the methods for the production of precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) on the industrial scale. A gaseous CO2 is used as a reagent in this process. The hydrodynamic conditions gener-ated in the reactor affect the course of the process and the characteristics of the precipitated calcium carbonate particles. This paper discusses the construction of standard reactors and new proposed con-struction used for the...
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The particle method for simulation of self-organization phenomena
PublicationThe aim of the work was to design, implement, and use, in a number of experiments, an abstract software environment (an artificial world)suitable for modelling systems consisting of many moving and interactingobjects distributed in space. The environment, named DigiHive, is directed towards modeling of complex systems manifested by processes of self-organization, self-reproduction and self modifications. The environment is mainly...
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The effectivness of fault detection in common rail injectors examination methods
PublicationThe article presents the effectiveness tests of fault detection in common rail injectors. 40 injectors with different wear levels were tested. Testing was made on two test benches of a completely different design. Research includes comparison of accuracy, reproducibility and testability to detect specific defects. A device was created for visualization of the fuel injector spraying steam.
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GeoSPAR Project. Validation and selection methods of geoinformation analysis using GIS for ranking and forecasting of terrorist threats and criminal events
PublicationThe paper presents the description of work activities which have already been done within the first two stages – WorkPackage 1 and WorkPackage 2 - of the GeoSPAR Project. In such a context the general conceptual design of the GIS system and associate web service was presented and analysed. In addition, the operational and technical requirements for the GeoSPAR system have been specified and discussed; with special emphasis on system...
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POSSIBILITY OF ASSESSMENT OF OPERATION OF SLIDING BEARINGS IN PISTON-CRANK MECHANISMS OF DIESEL ENGINES WITH REGARD TO LOAD AND TIME OF CORRECT WORK OF THE BEARINGS BY APPLYING ACOUSTIC EMISSION AS A DIAGNOSTIC SIGNAL
PublicationAbstract: The paper presents a possibility of determining (assessing) operation of sliding bearings with multilayer bushings in crank-piston mechanisms of diesel engines. Properties of load and wear, particularly fatigue and abrasive, are characterized in general. Acoustic emission as a diagnostic signal was proved to be useful for detection of the wear of sliding and barrier layers. Results of measurements of acoustic emission...
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Analysis of abrasive particle trajectories during single-sided lapping process with driven conditioning ring
PublicationIn this paper new kinematics systems were studied for a single lapping process. In order to ensure the constant profile wear of the tool a standard kinematic system can be changed. Lapping is carried out by applying loose abrasive grains between two surfaces and causes a relative motion between them. The result is a finish of multi-directional lay. During process, the mechanism of surface formation are decisively affected by a...
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Foamed Polyurethane Composites With Different Types of Ash – Morphological, Mechanical and Thermal Behavior Assessments
Publicationncorporation of two types of ash particles into flexible polyurethane foams has been investigated, wood ash from gasification process and fly ash resulting from coal burning in power plant. Samples were modified with 5, 10 and 15 wt% of fillers. Structure, mechanical and thermal properties of obtained foams were investigated. Incorporation of both types of ash particles resulted in materials showing...
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Synthesis Methods and Favorable Conditions for Spherical Vaterite Precipitation: A Review
PublicationVaterite is the least thermodynamically stable anhydrous calcium carbonate polymorph. It exists very rare in nature, e.g. in some rock formations or as a component of biominerals produced by some fishes, crustaceans or birds. Synthetic vaterite particles are proposed as carriers of active substances in medicines, additive in cosmetic preparations as well as adsorbents. Also, their utilization as a pump for microfluidic flow is...
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Influence of laser melting on surface layer properties of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V
PublicationIn time of rapid technology and medicine progress, implants are becoming more widely used in the human body, ranging from dental implants, stabilizing plates, screws, orthopaedic prostheses. For example, there are many types of hip prostheses used for hip replacement as well as various types of materials used for these orthopaedic prostheses. Properties of titanium alloys used in hip prostheses combined with good strength properties,...
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Application of a cellular automaton to simulations of granular flow in silos
PublicationA cellular automaton based on a gas model of hydrodynamics was used to calculate the kinematics of non-cohesive granular materials during confined flow in a mass flow and funnel flow model silo. In the model, collisions of particles were taken into account during granular flow. In addition, a simplified automaton was used wherein granular flow was assumed as an upward propagation of holes through a lattice composed of cells representing...
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Synthesis of CoFe2O4 Nanoparticles: The Effect of Ionic Strength, Concentration, and Precursor Type on Morphology and Magnetic Properties
PublicationThe present study highlights the effect of metal precursor types (SO4 2¯, Cl¯, and NO3¯), their concentration, and the influence of ionic strength of reaction environment on the morphology, surface, and magnetic properties of CoFe2O4 particles. The magnetic nanoparticles were obtained by chemical coprecipitation in alkaline medium at increasing metal concentration in the range of 0.0425 mol·dm-3 to 0.17 mol·dm-3 and calcination...
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Effect of Microplastics Pollution on Hydrogen Production from Biomass: A Comprehensive Review
PublicationHydrogen production from biomass and organic wastes is considered as a potential alternative energy source and is known as a clean and CO2-free fuel energy carrier. H2 is considered very promising among the other energy sources; therefore, the effective conversion of biomass and organic solid waste to this secondary energy source is urgently sought. As a result, it is of importance to assess the impact of the existence of microplastics...
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Improvement of electrochemical action of zinc-rich paints by addition of nanoparticulate zinc
PublicationThe influence of nanosized particles on electrochemical action of standard zinc-rich paints by means of SEM as well as potential and impedance measurements has been investigated. The motivation for doing this was to obtain additional electrical connection between the spherical microparticles themselves and zinc particles and steel substrate. Overall zinc content was at the level of 92% by weight. Samples with different concentration...
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Development of novel optoelectronic sensory structures utilising colour centres in nanodiamonds and their interactions with analytes
PublicationThe goal of this dissertation was to develop and assess surface modifications of fluorescent nanodiamonds (NDs) for optical sensing. Three modification routes were tested, each aimed at a different application. Modification with poly-L-lysine (pLys) was verified for optical sensing of pH via an interrelationship between electrically negative (NV¯) and neutral (NV0) nitrogen-vacancy centres. Immobilisation of Ochratoxin A (OTA),...
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Investigation of the Dynamism of Nanosized SOA Particle Formation in Indoor Air by a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer and Proton-Transfer-Reaction Mass Spectrometry
PublicationTerpenes are VOCs of particular importance, since they are emitted from a wide range of indoor sources and are considered to be precursors of Secondary Organic Aerosol (SOA) formation. It has been proven that SOA particles, especially nanosized ones, pose a threat to human health. In this research, experiments with the application of an environmental chamber and real-time measurement techniques were carried out to investigate in...
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Silica-templated three-dimensional graphene xerogels
PublicationMost porous carbons require the uniform pore size distribution therefore many approaches have been applied to template the carbon scaffolds and among them the use of silica particles is the easiest and the most effective. After discovering of graphene, the whole family of new carbon nanomaterials arose and one of the promising materials is graphene xerogel (GX) with a three-dimensional, highly porous structure. This monograph reviews...
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Influence of Selected Saccharides on the Precipitation of Calcium-Vaterite Mixtures by the CO2 Bubbling Method
PublicationCalcium carbonate is a compound existing in living organisms and produced for many biomedical applications. In this work, calcium carbonate was synthesized by a CO2 bubbling method using ammonia as a CO2 absorption promotor. Glucose, fructose, sucrose, and trehalose were added into the reaction mixture to modify characteristics of precipitated calcium carbonate particles. To determine the polymorphic form of produced calcium carbonate...
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Preparation and Characterization of Diamond-like Carbon Coatings for Biomedical Applications—A Review
PublicationDiamond-like carbon (DLC) films are generally used in biomedical applications, mainly because of their tribological and chemical properties that prevent the release of substrate ions, extend the life cycle of the material, and promote cell growth. The unique properties of the coating depend on the ratio of the sp3/sp2 phases, where the sp2 phase provides coatings with a low coefficient of friction and good electrical conductivity,...
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Electrohydrodynamic secondary flow and particle collection efficiency in spike-plate multi-electrode electrostatic precipitator
PublicationIn this work the results of electrohydrodynamic (EHD) secondary flow measurements in a spike-plate type electrostatic precipitator (ESP) are presented. In the investigated ESP two-sided and one-sided spike electrodes were used as a discharge electrodes. The results of 2D PIV measurements showed that flow pattern obtained for a different spike tips positions in respect to the primary flow direction significantly changing the flow...
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Electrohydrodynamic Secondary Flow and Particle Collection Efficiency in Spike-Plate Multi-Electrode Electrostatic Precipitator
PublicationIn this work the results of electrohydrodynamic (EHD) secondary flowmeasurements in a spike-plate type electrostatic precipitator (ESP) are presented. In the investigated ESP two-sided and one-sided spike electrodes were used as a discharge electrodes. The results of 2D PIVmeasurements showed that flow pattern obtained for a different spike tips positions in respect to the primary flow direction significantly changing the flow...
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THE POSSIBILITY OF USE OF LASER-MODIFIED Ti6Al4V ALLOY IN FRICTION PAIRS IN ENDOPROSTHESES
PublicationThe purpose of this paper is to show results of laser treatment at cryogenic conditions of the Ti6Al4V alloy used for orthopedic applications. That modification process ought to bring beneficial changes of microstructure and residual stresses in the surface layer. The paper presents the abrasive wear of the base and laser remelted material in association with ceramics Al2O3. Despite the surface cracking after laser treatment the...
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Wavelet transform-based approach to defect identification in railway carbon contact strips.
PublicationPantographs of electric rail vehicles are fitted with carbon contact strips, which slide along the contact wire of catenary to provide constant electrical contact. Contact strips are exposed to wear and damages. Using damaged contact strips significantly increases the risk of catenary rupture. Therefore, their technical condition has to be inspected frequently. In previous work a 3D laser scanning system was proposed for recording...
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Thermal and technological aspects of double face grinding of C45 carbon steel
PublicationIn grinding, the contact zone temperature is a decisive factor influencing the achievable surface quality and the grinding tool wear. In contrast to other grinding processes, only few information regarding double face grinding with planetary kinematics when processing steel is known up to date. Since the successive substitution of in-dustrial double-sided lapping processes by double-sided grinding, it has become necessary to the...
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Biomolecular influenza virus detection based on the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy using the nanocrystalline boron-doped diamond electrodes with covalently bound antibodies
PublicationNew rapid pathogen detection methods with improved cost-effectiveness and efficiency are currently in the focus of the scientists from all over the world. Based on the experiences from the rapid spread of the influenza virus pandemic in 2009 it is clear that the development of the system for early diagnosis of this infection is essential. The crucial stage of the treatment is the detection of the viral infection during its initial...
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Dynamic mechanical properties and flexing fatigue resistance of tire sidewall rubber as function of waste tire rubber reclaiming degree
PublicationA stepwise downsizing method of gel particles in reclaimed rubber to a micro-nano scale and its excellent dynamic performance in tire sidewall were introduced by this work. The results showed that the size of gel particles decreased from several micrometers to micro-nanometers with the increase of reclaiming degree, accompanied by reduced molecular weight and widened molecular weight distribution of sol fraction. The addition of...
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Pumping effect measured by PIV method in multi-layer spike electrode EHD device for air cleaning
PublicationDust particles can be harmful for human health when inhaled. Especially dangerous are submicron dust particles, which can contain traces of toxic elements and can easily penetrate into human respiratory system. Thus, new devices for air cleaning are needed. In this work the flow velocity field patterns measured by Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) method in an electrohydrodynamic (EHD) device for air cleaning are presented. The...
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ARTIFICIAL MODEL IN THE ASSESSMENT OF THE ALGORITHM OF OBJECTS RECORDED BY LASER SCANNING SHAPE DETECTION (ALS/TLS)
PublicationBrief description of the study and used methods. Brief description of the study and used As part of the preparatory work aimed to create the application solution allowing for the automation of searching objects in data, obtained in the scanning process using ALS (Airborne Laser Scanning) or TLS (Terrestrial Laser Scanning), the authors prepared a artificial (synthetic, theoretical) model of space, used for the verification of operation...
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Large Hydrodynamic Thrust Bearings and Their Application in Hydrogenerators
PublicationLarge hydrodynamic thrust bearings are the bearings which, due to hydrodynamic lubrication, allow large axial load to be transferred from a moving part (shaft) to the stationary part via a thin layer of the lubricant (usually oil), thus providing extremely low friction and practically no wear. Hydrogenerators with vertical shafts are the most important application of large thrust bearings. Main design and scientific problems of...
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Influence of Flat Lapping Kinematics on Machinability of Ceramics
PublicationNew tools for flat grinding of ceramics are presented in the paper. Electroplated CBN tools (B64 and B107) were used in a modified single-disc lapping machine configuration. The results from experiments, such as the material removal rate and surface roughness parameters are presented and analyzed. Numerical simulations, based on the model for the shape error and tool wear estimation in machining with flat lapping kinematics, are...
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Granulometric analysis to etimate influence of anionic surfactrant on activated sludge structure
PublicationThe work concerns the evaluation of the possibility of using laser diffraction analyzer to determine changes in the distribution of sludge floc size in the presence of anionic surfactant. As a model of surfactant linear alkylbenzyne sulphonate (LAS) was used. The granulometric analysis showed that the pure activated sludge was composed of particles with a size of 0,001 to 2 mm. The largest and fastest changes in the distribution...
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Influence of drying mode and feed per tooth rate on the fine dust creation in pine and beech sawing on a mini sash gang saw
PublicationThe experimental results of the study focused on the effect of drying processes of modified air drying and warm air steam mixture drying of pine and beech wood on the size of sawdust particles created in cutting using PRW-15M sash gang saw, are presented in the paper. Particle size analysis of dry sawdust was performed using two methods—sieving method and laser diffraction analysis. The results showed that the drying process did...
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Ground Tire Rubber Filled Flexible Polyurethane Foam—Effect of Waste Rubber Treatment on Composite Performance
PublicationThe application range of flexible polyurethane (PU) foams is comprehensive because of their versatility and flexibility in adjusting structure and performance. In addition to the investigations associated with further broadening of their potential properties, researchers are looking for new raw materials, beneficially originated from renewable resources or recycling. A great example of such a material is ground tire rubber (GTR)—the...
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Nano soil improvement technique using cement
PublicationNano soil-improvement is an innovative idea in geotechnical engineering. Nanomaterials are among the newest additives that improve soil properties. Herein, laboratory tests, such as unconfined compressive strength, direct shear test, and initial tests, were conducted to investigate the geotechnical properties of Kelachay clay with micro- and nanosized cement to evaluate its particles in untreated soil and observe changes in the...
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Implementation of spatial information for monitoring and analysis of the area around the port using laser scanning techniques
PublicationNowadays, maritime infrastructure is heavily exploited, which requires monitoring. The article presents the implementation of spatial information which are point clouds for monitoring and analysis of the area around the port (buildings and wharves). For this study, point clouds coming from terrestrial (TLS) and airborne laser scanning (ALS), each of them having different accuracy, were used. An important part of the analysis was...
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Haemocompatibility of Modified Nanodiamonds
PublicationThis study reports the interactions of modified nanodiamond particles in vitro with human blood. Modifications performed on the nanodiamond particles include oxygenation with a chemical method and hydrogenation upon chemical vapor deposition (CVD) plasma treatment. Such nanodiamonds were later incubated in whole human blood for different time intervals, ranging from 5 min to 5 h. The morphology of red blood cells was assessed along...
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Operational causes of fatigue failures within the passages of gas turbine engines
PublicationThe short profile of a fatigue wear process of gas turbine engine's constructional elements has been introduced in the article. The primary causes of a fatigue cracks formation within the mechanical system as well as within the passages of the engine have been showed. Especial attention was devoted to the low-cycle fatigue, what is associated with unsteady thermal-flow processes being worked out in the passages.The selected damages...
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A Method and Device for 3D Recognition of Cutting Edge Micro Geometry
PublicationA very useful method was successfully applied in the investigation of tools for machining wood and wood based composites. It allows scanning of the cutting edge micro geometry in three dimensions and reproducing it in a virtual space as a 3D surface. The application of the method opens new possibilities of studying tool wear by scanning, including the calculation of volume loss and other analysis of tool wedge geometry along and...