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Wyniki wyszukiwania dla: CRUDE GLYCERINE
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Cast polyurethanes obtained from reactive recovered polyol intermediates via crude glycerine decomposition process
PublikacjaIn this work, the possibility of applying intermediates from polyurethane waste recycling in polyurethane synthesis was presented. Polyurethanes were synthesised in a two-step method using a mixture of petrochemical polyol and glycerolysate, used as a reactive component, 4,4-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) and 1,4-buthanediol (BD). Glycerolysates were produced during decomposition of polyurethane elastomer by crude glycerine...
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Single-phase product obtained via crude glycerine depolymerisation of polyurethane elastomer: structure characterisation and rheological behaviour
PublikacjaPolyurethane recycling is a topic of growing interest due to the increasing amount of polyurethanewaste. The main purpose of polyurethane feedstock recycling is to recover the starting polyol, a valuable material. In thiswork, amethod of polyurethane thermo-chemical recycling, glycerolysisbymeansof crude glycerine, is proposed. Themaineffort is focusedonthe employment of crude glycerine without purification from biodiesel production...
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Thermo-Chemical Decomposition Study of Polyurethane Elastomer Through Glycerolysis Route with Using Crude and Refined Glycerine as a Transesterification Agent
PublikacjaDue to the increasing amount of polyurethane waste, chemical recycling of these materials is a topic of growing interest for many researchers. The primary pur- pose of polyurethane feedstock recycling is to recover the starting polyol. In this study glycerolysis using glycerine from two sources and two purity grades is proposed as a method of chemical recycling. The main effort of this paper focuses on the employment of commercial...
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Rheological characteristics of oligomeric semiproducts gained via chemical degradation of polyurethane foam using crude glycerin in the presence of different catalysts
PublikacjaPolyurethane (PU) recycling is a topic of growing interest due to the increasing amount of polyurethane waste. The main purpose of polyurethane chemical recycling is to recover the starting polyol. In this study, a method of polyurethane thermochemical recycling, glycerolysis by means of crude glycerin, is proposed. This work presents a comparative study of commercial catalysts used in order to accelerate the decomposition process,...
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Analysis of causes of crude oil tankers' disasters
PublikacjaW referacie przedstawiono dane statystyczne dotyczące rozlewów ropy surowej oraz opis katastrof tankowców w latach 1999-2003. Zlekceważenie problemów poprawnej eksploatacji wielokrotnie kończy się tragicznie. Z tych powodów wypełniony ropą grecki tankowiec ''Amaragos'' czy też maltańska ''Erika'' złamały się na pół i poszły na dno. Przykładów takich jest więcej. W referacie przedstawiono analizę przyczyn rozlewów olejowych według...
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Biodegradability of simulant fluids and crude oil in aquatic environment
PublikacjaBiodegradowalność symulantów płynów była oceniana poprzez pomiar CO2 (EPA 560/6-82-003). Badaniu poddawane były emulsyjne i nieemulsyjne symulanty ropy oraz lekka ropa naftowa typu A z Północnej Ameryki. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują na łatwą biodegradowalność obu symulantów w porównaniu do badanej ropy naftowej.
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Corrosion mechanisms in columns for atmospheric distillation of crude oil
PublikacjaThe paper presents the most common corrosion processes occurring in the columns for atmospheric distillation of crude oil. It describes the mechanisms leading to formation of the chemical compounds, which contribute to corrosion phenomena. The main technological factors influencing corrosion processes have been indicated. The paper also presents the interactions between particular corrosion mechanisms resulting in acceleration...
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A new technology of crude vegetable oil degumming with rhamnolipid solutions
PublikacjaA new technology of crude vegetable oil degumming is described. It is based on rhamnolipid biocomplex solution application for phosphatides removal. The rhamnolipid biocomplex produced by Pseudomonas sp. PS-17 was used as biosurfactant. Rapeseed oil was used in all experiments. First, it was degummed with H2SO4 in order to remove all phosphatides and then 1% (w/w) of granular soybean lecithin was added. Model oil was treated with...
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The Evaluation of Quality of the Co-Firing Process of Glycerine Fraction with Coal in the High Power Boiler
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Liquefaction of macroalgae Enteromorpha biomass for the preparation of biopolyols by using crude glycerol
PublikacjaThis article describes the liquefaction process of macroalgae Enteromorpha with the use of crude glycerol as a solvent and a reagent, aimed at obtaining of new bio-polyols, which are characterized with respect to their chemical structure, physical and thermal properties. Six different biopolyols were prepared. In order to optimize the liquefaction of algal biomass for the best bio-polyol properties, two catalysts (sulfuric or orthophosphoric...
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Potential applications of crude glycerol in polymer technology–Current state and perspectives
PublikacjaThe increasing use of bio-based fuels and fuel additives, among them biodiesel, causes significant surplus of crude glycerol on the market which creates new challenges in terms of its sustainable utilization. A lot of ways for the incorporation of this by-product into different branches of industry requires purification by expensive and complicated processes. Therefore, researchers are seeking for applications of untreated crude...
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Magnetic superhydrophobic melamine sponges for crude oil removal from water
PublikacjaThis paper proposes the preparation of a new sorbent material based on melamine sponges (MS) with superhydrophobic, superoleophilic, and magnetic properties. This study involved impregnating the surface of commercially available MS with eco-friendly deep eutectic solvents (DES) and Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The DES selection was based on the screening of 105 eutectic mixtures using COSMO-RS modeling. Other parameters affecting the efficiency...
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The influence of different glycerine purities on chemical recycling process of polyurethane waste and resulting semi‐products
PublikacjaChemical recycling is the most favourable recycling method due to the possibility of polyol recovery. This work is dedicatedto the utilisation of crude glycerine and polyurethane waste. It aims at determining the impact of the use of glycerine fromthe production of biodiesel with various degrees of purity as a cleavage agent on the decomposition process of polyurethanefoam. The influence of glycerine purit y on the chemical structure...
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Complex Corrosion Monitoring System for Crude Distillation Unit in Form of Neutral Network
PublikacjaComplex and successful corrosion monitoring of refinery processes can significantly reduce material losses and failure risk. The developed corrosion monitoring system is based on online ultrasonic sensors, ER (electrical resistance) probes, gravimetric method and multipoint analytical analysis of chemical composition of the fluids. Additional online LPR (linear polarization resistance) sensors controlling corrosiveness of sour...
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DETERMINATION OF DIFFUSIBLE HYDROGEN CONTENT IN DEPOSITED METAL OF RUTILE ELECTRODES BY GLYCERIN METHOD
PublikacjaThe presence of diffusible hydrogen in welded joints is one of the causes of formation the welding imperfections. Improvement of weldability can be achieved by reducing the hydrogen amount in welded joints. This requires, among others, the finding of sources of hydrogen. For high hydrogen processes the commonly used method of determining the diffusible hydrogen amount is the glycerin method. This paper concerns issues related to...
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Microwave Assisted Liquefaction with Crude Glycerol as a Potential Method of Brewer’s Spent Grain Utilization
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Microwave assisted liquefaction with crude glycerol as a potential method of brewer's spent grain utylization
PublikacjaBrewer's spent grain was applied as a low-cost industrial type of lignocellulose biomass in a liquefaction and solvent: biomass ratio on the efficiency of the process, chemical structure and basic properties of obtained prepared polyols and soil residues shed light on the biomass degradation mechanism through application of microwaves and further reaction of degradation products with solvent particles.
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Corrosion-erosion damage of heat exchanger tubes by desalted crude oil flowing at shell side
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Corrosion-erosion damage of heat exchanger tubes by desalted crude oil flowing at shell side.
PublikacjaRurki wymiennika zostały uszkodzone lokalnie przez odsoloną ropę naftową przepływającą pod ciśnieniem 2,6 MPa i w temperaturze 385-395K. Większość powierzchni rurek nie była uszkodzona i była pokryta osadem związków organicznych i nieorganicznych, zabezpieczającym przed uszkodzeniami. Badania wykluczyły możliwość występowania intensywnej korozji elektrochemicznej na powierzchniach rurek pozbawionych osadu. Przyczyną perforacji...
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Biopolyols obtained via crude glycerol-based liquefaction of cellulose: their structural, rheological and thermal characterization
PublikacjaIn this work lignocellulose biomass liquefaction was used to produce biopolyols suitable for the manufacturing of rigid polyurethane foams. In order to better evaluate the mechanism of the process, pure cellulose was applied as a raw material. The effect of time and temperature on the effectiveness of liquefaction and the parameters of resulting biopolyols were characterized. The prepared materials were analyzed in terms of their...
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ASSESSMENT OF GOLD AND/OR CRUDE OIL AS INVESTMENTS FOR PORTFOLIO DIVERSIFICATION. A WARSAW STOCK EXCHANGE CASE STUDY
PublikacjaThe purpose of the study is to assess whether the inclusion of investments in gold and/or crude oil improves an investment portfolio consisting of shares of enterprises included in the WIG20 index (traditional invest-ments). All possible combinations of investment portfolios with minimal risk and maximum efficiency were tested. The portfolios were determined based on Markowitz’s portfolio theory. All results were compared...
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Electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol, ethylene glycol and glycerine in alkaline media on TiO2 nanotubes decorated with AuCu nanoparticles for an application in fuel cells
PublikacjaIn this work, we present the catalytic and photocatalytic activity of AuCu nanostructures obtained on TiO2 nanotubes toward methanol, ethylene glycol and glycerine oxidation. The electrode material is prepared by anodization of Ti foil, thin AuCu layer sputtering and rapid thermal treatment under argon atmosphere. Scanning electron microscopy images confirmed the presence of ordered tubular architecture of TiO2 as well as nanoparticles...
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The influence of crude glycerol and castor oil-based polyol on the structure and performance of rigid polyurethane-polyisocyanurate foams
PublikacjaIn this work, biopolyol obtained from two types of industrial crops’ processing products: crude glycerol and castor oil was used for preparation or rigid polyurethane-polyisocyanurate foams. Bio-based polyol was obtained via crude glycerol polymerization and further condensation of resulting polyglycerol with castor oil. Rigid polyurethane-polyisocyanurate foams were prepared at partial substitution (0–70 wt.%) of petrochemical...
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Compatibility of Crude Oil Blends─Processing Issues Related to Asphaltene Precipitation, Methods of Instability Prediction─A Review
PublikacjaProcessing crude oil of variable composition, especially due to the need to process crude oil blends obtained from various sources, presents a tremendous process challenge. This is mainly due to the destabilization of the colloidal system manifested mostly by the precipitation of the asphaltene fraction. The precipitation of asphaltenes from crude oil is a serious problem during extraction, transport, and processing. In the latter...
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Total mercury and methylmercury (MeHg) in braised and crude Boletus edulis carpophores during various developmental stages
PublikacjaWe collected and processed Boletus edulis (King Bolete) carpophores grouped in four batches based on their developmental stage (button stage, young—white, large—white, and large—yellow). The study aimed, for the first time, to examine the B. edulis content and effect of braising and to estimate the intake of total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) from a single meal based on whole (wet) weight (ww) and dry weight (dw). In...
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Intermolecular Interactions of Edaravone in Aqueous Solutions of Ethaline and Glyceline Inferred from Experiments and Quantum Chemistry Computations
PublikacjaEdaravone, acting as a cerebral protective agent, is administered to treat acute brain infarction. Its poor solubility is addressed here by means of optimizing the composition of the aqueous choline chloride (ChCl)-based eutectic solvents prepared with ethylene glycol (EG) or glycerol (GL) in the three different designed solvents compositions. The slurry method was used for spectroscopic solubility determination in temperatures...
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Dipole-Bound Anions of Glycine Based on the Zwitterion and Neutral Structures
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Role of Bacterial Consortium and Synthetic Surfactants in Promoting the Phytoremediation of Crude Oil-Contaminated Soil Using Brachiaria mutica
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Structure, Mechanical, Thermal and Fire Behavior Assessments of Environmentally Friendly Crude Glycerol-Based Rigid Polyisocyanurate Foams
PublikacjaIn this work, rigid polyisocyanurate foams were prepared at partial substitution (0–70 wt%) of commercially available petrochemical polyol, with previously synthesized biopolyol based on crude glycerol and castor oil. Influence of the biopolyol content on morphology, chemical structure, static and dynamic mechanical properties, thermal insulation properties, thermal stability and flammability was investigated. Incorporation of...
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Two-step Conversion of Crude Glycerol Generated by Biodiesel Production into Biopolyols: Synthesis, Structural and Physical Chemical Characterization
PublikacjaIn this work biopolyols were synthesized via two-step process from crude glycerol and castor oil. For better evaluation of analyzed process, the impact of its time and temperature on the structure and properties of biopolyols was determined. Obtained results fully justified conducting of synthesis in two steps. Prepared materials were characterized by hydroxyl value and water content comparable to polyols industrially applied in...
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The study on application of biopolyols obtained by cellulose biomass liquefaction performed with crude glycerol for the synthesis of rigid polyurethane foams
PublikacjaIn this work rigid polyurethane foams (PUR) were obtained by replacement of 0–70 wt% of petrochemical polyol with bio-polyol obtained via cellulose liquefaction in presence of crude glycerol. The foams with different content of a bio-polyol were prepared by single step method for NCO/OH ratio equals 1.5. The prepared materials were analyzed in terms of their morphology, chemical structure, thermal stability and basic physical and...
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HPLC-DAD in identification and quantification of selected coumarins in crude extracts from plant cultures of Ammi majus and Ruta graveolens.
PublikacjaW pracy opisano wyniki badań nad opracowaniem metody rozdzielania, identyfikacji i oznaczania wybranych kumaryn i funarokumaryn w surowych ekstraktach roślinnych z Ammi majus i Ruta graveolens hodowanych pojedynczo lub w kokulturach. Zbadano przydatność trzech głównych składników eluentu, stosowanych w układach faz odwróconych i różnych programów elucji: woda- acetonitryl(ACN)- metanol (MeOH)- tetrahydrofuran (THF). W optymalnej...
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Rheological properties, oxidative and thermal stability, and potential application of biopolyols prepared via two-step process from crude glycerol
PublikacjaIn this work, previously synthesized biopolyols were analyzed in terms of their rheological and thermal properties, very important from the technological point of view. For better evaluation of performed synthesis, the influence of its time and temperature on the properties of biopolyols was determined. In the end, obtained materials were used to prepare rigid polyurethane-polyisocyanurate (PUR-PIR) foams, to evaluate their potential...
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Effect of urea and glycine betaine on the hydration sphere of model molecules for the surface features of proteins
PublikacjaWater properties may significantly affect protein stability. Osmolytes are compounds that intrinsically affect water in many different ways and thus can influence proteins with this type of indirect mechanism. In this study, we characterize water properties in ternary solutions: model–water–osmolyte, with two model molecules: N-methylacetamide (NMA) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and two osmolytes: glycine betaine (TMG)and urea....
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Efficient Method for the Concentration Determination of Fmoc Groups Incorporated in the Core-Shell Materials by Fmoc–Glycine
PublikacjaIn this paper, we described the synthesis procedure of TiO2@SiO2 core-shell modified with 3-(aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane (APTMS). The chemical attachment of Fmoc–glycine (Fmoc–Gly–OH) at the surface of the core-shell structure was performed to determine the amount of active amino groups on the basis of the amount of Fmoc group calculation. We characterized nanostructures using various methods: transmission electron microscope...
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Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic and theoretical study of water interactions with glycine and its N-methylated derivatives
PublikacjaZbadano hydratację glicyny i jej metylowych pochodnych: N-metyloglicyny (NMG), N,N-dimetyloglicyny (DMG) i N,N,N-trimetyloglicyny (TMG) przy wykorzystaniu spektroskopii FTIR, z zastosowaniem cząsteczki HDO jako sondy molekularnej. Ilościowa wersja metody widm różnicowych pozwoliła na wyizolowanie widma wody zaburzonej przez substancję rozpuszczoną. Wyniki widmowe zostały skonfrontowane z obliczeniami teoretycznymi w ramach teorii...
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Structural and dynamic properties of water within the solvation layer around various conformations of the glycine-based polypeptide
PublikacjaSeveral conformations of the solvated glycine-based polypeptides were investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. Some properties of water in the neighbouring space around these molecules were investigated. It was found, that water forms a well-defined layer - the first solvation shell - around the peptide molecule, and thickness of this layer is independent of the peptide structure, and it equals to approximately 0.28 nm....
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Structural and Dynamic Properties of Water within the Solvation Layer around Various Conformations of the Glycine-based Polypeptide
PublikacjaSeveral conformations of the solvated glycine-based polypeptides were investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. Some properties of water in the neighboring space around these molecules were investigated. It was found that water forms a well-defined layer—the first solvation shell—around the peptide molecule, and thickness of this layer is independent of the peptide structure and is equal to approximately 0.28 nm. Within...
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The hydration of the protein stabilizing agents: trimethylamine-N-oxide, glycine and its N-methylderivatives - the volumetric and compressibility studies
PublikacjaThe densities at T = (288.15, 293.15, 298.15, 303.15, and 308.15) K and sound velocities at T = 298.15 K have been measured for aqueous solutions of trimethylamine-N-oxide, glycine, N-methylglycine (sarcosine), N,N-dimethylglycine, N,N,N-trimethylglycine (betaine). From these data the apparent molar volumes, VΦ, the apparent molar isentropic compressions, KS,Φ, and the solvation numbers of solutes have been determined. The concentration...
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Efficacious Alkaline Copper Corrosion Inhibition by a Mixed Ligand Copper(II) Complex of 2,2′-Bipyridine and Glycine: Electrochemical and Theoretical Studies
PublikacjaA mixed ligand copper(II) complex, namely, [Cu(BPy)(Gly)Cl]⋅2H2O (CuC) (BPy=2,2′-bipyridine and Gly=glycine), was synthesized and characterized. The synthesized CuC complex was tested as inhibitor to effectively mitigate the corrosion of copper in alkaline solutions using the linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and linear polarization resistance (LPR) techniques. For the sake of comparison, such two D.C. electrochemical techniques were...
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Comments on Identification and Determination of Volatile Chloroorganic Compounds in Crude Oil at Trace Level = Komentarz na temat identyfikowania i oznaczania śladowych ilości lotnych związków chloroorganicznych w ropie naftowej
PublikacjaW pracy przedstawiono możliwości i ograniczenia w stosowaniu techniki GC-ECD i GC-MS do identyfikacji i oznaczania śladowych stężeń związków chloroorganicznych w destylatach z ropy naftowej (frakcjach wrzących do 200oC). Przedyskutowano także procedury rutynowo stosowane w rafineriach do oznaczania zawartości chloru organicznego. Należą do nich metodyki oparte na spalaniu próbki i oznaczaniu wybranych produktów mineralizacji za...
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Gas-phase quasi-degeneracy of zwitterionic and canonical tautomers of glycine and proline induced by the presence of the MAlF4(M = Li, Na, K) salts
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Effect of In Ovo Administration of a Multi-Strain Probiotic and Zinc Glycine Chelate on Antioxidant Capacity and Selected Immune Parameters in Newly Hatched Chicks
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Phenylalanine derivatives with modulating effects on human α1-glycine receptors and anticonvulsant activity in strychnine-induced seizure model in male adult rats
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Evaluation of the glycerolysis process and valorisation of recovered polyol in polyurethane synthesis
PublikacjaIn this study, the glycerolysis of polyurethane (PU) foam and the applicability of obtained glycerolysate (GLY) for cast PUs were investigated. It was found that crude glycerine with purity grade of 84% might be successfully used for the glycerolysis. The optimal conditions were determined as follows: reaction time of 60 min at 220 °C using dibutyltin dilaurate catalyst (0.5%). Moreover, the purification of GLY by means of liquid-liquid...
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Synthesis and characterisation of polyurethane elastomers with semi-products obtained from polyurethane recycling
PublikacjaIn this work polyurethane elastomers were synthesised by using different mixtures of a petrochemical and glycerolysate polyols and 4,4-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI). Glycerolysate polyol was produced from polyurethane foam decomposition using crude glycerine as a decomposition agent. The structure and thermal properties of obtained semi-product were similar to the polyol used in the synthesis of original foam. Glycerolysate...
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The changes of crosslink density of polyurethanes synthesised with using recycled component. Chemical structure and mechanical properties investigations.
PublikacjaThis paper aims at the utilisation of glycerolysate (Gly) obtained in polyurethane recycling process by means of crude glycerine, which has in its structure hydroxyl end groups that allow for further processing. Polyurethanes (PUs) were synthesised using prepolymer method with the mixture of neat polyol and glycerolysate, in different ratios, with 4,4-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI). The prepolymer was subsequently extended...
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Superhydrophobic sponges based on green deep eutectic solvents for spill oil removal from water
PublikacjaThe paper described a new method for crude oil-water separation by means of superhydrophobic melamine sponges impregnated by deep eutectic solvents (MS-DES). Due to the numerous potential of two-component DES formation, simple and quick screening of 156 non-ionic deep eutectic solvents using COSMO-RS (Conductor-like Screening Model for Real Solvents) computational model was used. DES which were characterized by high solubility...
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A Novel [4+2] Cycloaddition Reaction Involving Lawesson’s Reagent. Structure and Specific Fragmentations of a New Cyclic 1,2-Thiaphosphinane-4-one
PublikacjaA crude morpholine enamine of acetone treated with Lawesson’s reagent unexpectedly yielded a six-membered thiaphosphinane-4-one. This compound is the first example of a new class of heterocycles. It has been proven that it is formed from 4-methyl-2-morpholino-1,3-pentadiene which is usually present in crude morpholine enamine batches. A mechanism of this regioselective reaction was postulated and a characteristic chair-like conformation...
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The Influence of Substitution of a Phosphorus-Containing Polyol with the Bio-polyol on the Properties of Bio-based PUR/PIR Foams
PublikacjaIn this work, effects of incorporating of a phosphorus-containing polyol into rigid polyurethane/polyisocyanurate foams’ formulations developed with use of two different bio-based polyols, derived from crude glycerol or liquefied cellulose were examined. The bio-polyol derived from crude glycerol was synthesized via two-step process from crude glycerol and castor oil, whereas the bio-polyol derived from liquefied cellulose was...
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Thermal Properties of PLA/TPS Blends
PublikacjaFour types of polymer compositions having different amount of potato starch, glycerin and poly(lactic acid) was obtained and characterized by DSC. Adding of TPS to PLA lowered Tg.
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Effect of glycolysate obtained from polyurethane wastes on mechanical properties of rubber materials
PublikacjaThe paper presents the possibility of utilization of wastes from polyurethane foams. In this work the results of mechanical investigations of materials obtained from natural rubber mixtures with a mixture of glycolysate and biodiesel glycerine as a plasticizer are described. The measurements of mechanical properties showed rather good tensile strength, elongation at break and modules of extensions M100%, M200%, M300% of obtained...
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Impedimetric sensing of α-amino acids driven by micro-patterned 1,8-Diazafluoren-9-one into titania- boron- doped maze-like nanocarbons
PublikacjaThe development of impedimetric, non-faradaic label-free sensors for the detection of α-amino acids constitutes a trailblazing technology for the fast and inexpensive quantification of such biomarkers. Since α-amino acids, such as glycine and sarcosine, are basic constituents in biological processes, a variation in their concentration may be an indicator of cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders or neurological conditions....
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POLAND’S ENERGY DEPENDENCE AT THE TURN OF THE 21ST CENTURY
PublikacjaThe following article is an attempt to assess Poland's energy independence in the years 1993-2020. The main aim of the paper is to present Poland's dependence on raw materials from foreign partners - in the field of imports of electricity, natural gas, crude oil, non-renewable energy resources, i.e., hard coal and lignite, and the country's dynamics in the amount of imports. In addition, the aim of the work is to answer research...
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Biopolyols obtained via microwave-assisted liquefaction of lignin: structure, rheological, physical and thermal properties
PublikacjaThe present study examined the application of polyols obtained via microwave-assisted liquefaction of lignin in the production of rigid polyurethane foam. Lignin was liquefed in crude glycerol and 1,4-butanediol at diferent temperatures (130–170 °C), without a catalyst and using various biomass concentrations (15 and 30 wt%). The physicochemical properties, process yield, and FTIR-based identifcation of the obtained polyols were...
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Comparison of soil models in the thermodynamic analysis of a submarine pipeline buried in seabed sediments
PublikacjaThis paper deals with mathematical modelling of a seabed layer in the thermodynamic analysis of a submarine pipeline buried in seabed sediments. The existing seabed soil models: a “soil ring” and a semi-infinite soil layer are discussed in a comparative analysis of the shape factor of a surrounding soil layer. The meaning of differences in the heat transfer coefficient of a soil layer is illustrated based on a computational example...
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The hydration of selected biologically relevant molecules – the temperature effect on apparent molar volume and compression
PublikacjaThe densities and sound velocities at T = (288.15, 293.15, 298.15, 303.15 and 308.15) K were measured for aqueous solutions of glycine, trimethylamine-N-oxide, taurine and N-methylacetamide. From these data, the apparent molar volumes, V the apparent molar isentropic compressions, KS,, and the Passynski hydration numbers of solutes were determined. The concentration dependencies of the calculated quantities, their limiting values...
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The share of investments in gold and oil using the example of selected European stock exchanges– A comparative analysis
PublikacjaIn this article, optimal investment portfolios with minimal risk and maximum efficiency were calculated. The portfolios were designated for ten selected European stock exchanges, based on the listings of the twenty largest companies in each of those markets. All calculations were made based on company shares only, company shares and investments in gold, shares of companies and investments in crude oil as well as shares of companies...
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Environmental consequences of emulsifying properties of biosurfactant produced by Pseudomonas sp.
PublikacjaBiosurfactants are natural surfactants produced by variety of microorganisms. They are very prospective product due to good biodegradability, low toxicity, good physicochemical properties and high efficiency in many applications. Moreover, they are efficient in wide range of pH, temperatures and salinity. Thus, they have potential to be used in many applications. However, their later presence in municipal and industrial wastewater...
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Korozja w środowisku ropy naftowej. Czynniki i monitorowanie
PublikacjaPrzedstawiono analizy właściwości ropy naftowej z punktu widzenia zawartych w niej czynników korozyjnych oraz ich wpływu na korozję stali w trakcie procesu destylacji ropy naftowej. Krytycznej analizie poddane zostały możliwości oferowane przez współczesne techniki pomiarowe. Wskazano na istotność prowadzenia kompleksowego programu oceny ropy, monitorowania korozji oraz stosowania ochrony inhibitorowej w celu ochrony instalacji...
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Novel approach to interference analysis of glucose sensing materials coated with Nafion
PublikacjaA gold-based sensing platform, TiND | AuNP | Nafion, was prepared as an exemplary electrode material exhibiting a response to glucose in a neutral solution. The change of electrochemical properties after exposure to glucose and interference compounds such as vitamin C, glycine, urea, paracetamol and acetylsalicylic acid was tested.
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DME as alternative fuel for compression ignition engines – a review
PublikacjaThe ecological issues and the depletion of crude oil, has led the researchers to seeking for non-petroleum based alternative fuels, along with more advanced combustion technologies, and after-treatment systems. The use of clean alternative fuels is the one of the most perspective method that aiming at resolving of the said issues. One of the promising alternative fuels that can be used as a clean highefficiency compression ignition...
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A recent developments in polyurethane foams containing a low-cost and pro-ecological modifiers
PublikacjaDiversity of the polyurethane (PU) foams applications cause that investigation of the relationships between their structure and properties is currently very popular topic among the many research institutions and companies. At the turn of the last years many scientific papers about PU foams and their composites were published. The one of the main research trends in this field is related to the reduction of production costs of...
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Interactions in Ternary Aqueous Solutions of NMA and Osmolytes—PARAFAC Decomposition of FTIR Spectra Series
PublikacjaIntermolecular interactions in aqueous solutions are crucial for virtually all processes in living cells. ATR-FTIR spectroscopy is a technique that allows changes caused by many types of such interactions to be registered; however, binary solutions are sometimes difficult to solve in these terms, while ternary solutions are even more difficult. Here, we present a method of data pretreatment that facilitates the use of the Parallel...
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Environmental Risk Assessment of WWII Shipwreck pollution
PublikacjaThe pollution of the sea is a global problem that has arisen as a consequence of the industrialization of the world and the intense transportation of crude oil and the products of its refinement. As sailing vessels were replaced by motor propelled ships towards the end of the 19th century, a new source of sea water pollution came into being. Every emergency involving a tanker carrying crude oil and its products is a potential source...
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A new method and equipment for the detection of presence and estimation of the content of the petroleum-based fraction in lubricating oils, especially those emitted to the atmosphere
PublikacjaLubricating oil, used in cutting equipment, works in the so-called open lubrication system and is entirely emitted to the environment. When such an oil contains even a small portion of the crude oil-derived fraction, which is still very common, the oil is a serious environmental pollution. In addition, the oil mist poses a serious threat to the health of employees. Current legal regulations require users of saws and harvesters...
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An experimental study of high-hydrogen welding processes
PublikacjaThis paper presents investigation results of determination of the diffusible hydrogen content in deposited metal obtained by means of two most often used methods-the glycerin method and the mercury method. Relation has been defined between results of those methods in the area characteristic of low-hydrogen as well as high-hydrogen welding processes. Relations available in the literature do not include the diffusible hydrogen content...
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Właściwości fizykochemiczne i możliwości zastosowania preparatu biosurfaktantowego wytwarzanego przez Pseudomonas PS-17
PublikacjaPraca dotyczy właściwości fizykochemicznych nieoczyszczonego biosurfaktantu wytwarzanego przez szczep Pseudomonas PS-17 (biokompleksu ramnolipidowego RL53) oraz możliwości jego zastosowania w rafinacji olejów roślinnych. W części literaturowej przedstawiono zarys wiedzy na temat toksyczności i biodegradowalności biosurfaktantów, a także na temat wybranych właściwości fizykochemicznych tych związków, takich jak zdolność do micelizacji...
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A Convenient Way to Methylated 2-Imidazolines. Syntheses of Fluorene and Triazine Cyclic Diamidines
PublikacjaOne N-methyl- and 4-substituted 2-imidazolines are described. Fluorene bisimidazolines were obtained in good yield (64-92%), starting from 2,7-dicyanofluorene and ammonium sulfide. In a two-step procedure the crude bisthioamide was reacted with excess diaminoalkane-ethanol (1:1 mixt.) in an oil bath. This new procedure is superior over std. methods. For the sake of comparison, a new triazine bisimidazoline (I) was prepd. by...
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Diffusible hydrogen management in underwater wet self-shielded flux cored arc welding
PublikacjaThis article reports the effect of underwater wet welding parameters and conditions on the diffusible hydrogen content in deposited metal for welding with a self-shielded flux cored wire. The diffusible hydrogen content in deposited metal was determined using the glycerin method according to the Plackett-Burman design determining the significance of the effect of the stick out length, welding current, arc voltage, travel speed...
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Preliminary investigations of effect of conditions of FCAW process on diffusible hydrogen content in deposited metal
PublikacjaOne of the types of hydrogen degradation of steel welded joints is cold cracking. The direct cause of the formation of cold cracks is simultaneous presence of hydrogen, residual stresses and brittle structure. The way of preventing the occurring of degradation is to eliminate at least one of these factors. Practice has shown that the best solution is to control the amount of hydrogen in deposited metal. In this paper the state...
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Rozmieszczenie wybranych metali ciężkich w ekosystemie oczyszczalni hydrofitowej w Bielkowie.Distribution of heavy metals in ecosystem of free water surface system in Bielkowo.
PublikacjaIn the article the results of investigations of biomass crop and heavy metal contents in bottom sediments and in three species of plants (Glyceria maxima, Typha latifolia)inhabiting a wetland system in Bielkowo, Poland are presented. The measurements were carried out three times during the vegetation season (May, July and October). The contents of metals in different fragments of plants (leaves, stalks and roots) was analyzed....
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Comparison of the measurement techniques employed for evaluation of ambient air odour quality
PublikacjaThe paper presents the results of investigation on ambient air odour quality in a vicinity of the industrial sewage treatment plant being a part of the crude oil processing plant. The investigation was performed during spring-winter season using a prototype of electronic nose and the Nasal Ranger field olfactometers. The prototype was equipped with a set of six semiconductor sensors by FIGARO Co. and one PID-type sensor. The field...
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Ecology In Tribology: Selected Problems of Eliminating Natural Oil-Based Lubricants from Machine Friction Couples
PublikacjaThe elimination of mineral oil-based lubricants from machines has multiple beneficial effects on the natural environment. Firstly – these lubricants are a direct threat to the environment in the event of leaks; secondly – their elimination reduces the demand for crude oil from which they are obtained. In addition, in many cases, e.g. when replacing traditional lubricants with water, friction losses in the bearings can also be reduced...
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The Effect of Welding Conditions on Diffusible Hydrogen Content in Deposited Metal
PublikacjaThe article presents the results of a literature survey and preliminary tests which set out effects of welding conditions on the amount of diffusible hydrogen in deposited metal. Experiments were conducted by using rutile coated electrodes which generate high contents of diffusible hydrogen in deposited metal. The amount of diffusible hydrogen was determined by a glycerin test.Eleven factors were considered: the electrode angle,...
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The influences of the information and communication technology on the structural changes of Japanese energy sectors from 1985 through 2005: a statistical analysis
PublikacjaThe purpose of this study is to analyse the influences of information and communication technology (ICT) on the structural changes of Japanese energy sectors from 1985-2005. In this study, ICT is represented by two explanatory variables, namely: 1) computers, main parts and accessories; 2) telecommunications equipment. We employ a statistical tool in investigating the influences quantitatively, namely constrained multivariate regression...
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Novel stationary phases based on asphaltenes for gas chromatography
PublikacjaWe present the results of investigations on the possibility of the application of the asphaltene fraction isolated from the oxidized residue from vacuum distillation of crude oil as a stationary phase for gas chromatography. The results of the investigation revealed that the asphaltene stationary phases can find use for the separation of a wide range of volatile organic compounds. The experimental values of Rohrschneider/McReynolds...
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Diffusible Hydrogen Control in Flux Cored Arc Welding Process
PublikacjaOne of the types of hydrogen degradation of steel welded joints is cold cracking. The direct cause of the formation of cold cracks is simultaneous presence of hydrogen, residual stresses and brittle structure. The way of preventing the occurring of degradation is to eliminate at least one of these factors. Practice has shown that the best solution is to control the amount of hydrogen in deposited metal. In this paper an experimental...
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A sector-an industry? Definitional challenges in economic sciences
Publikacjathe aim of our paper is to present definitional challenges that we as scholars and teachers face while attempting to relate to a sector and an industry terms in economic analyses and from strategic management perspective. we employ secondary research and analyse the state of the academic discourse and common usages of the above terms. we argue that for an economic statistician classifications should be consistent and highlight...
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Objective selection of minimum acceptable mesh refinement for EMC simulations
PublikacjaOptimization of computational electromagnetics (CEM) simulation models can be costly in both time and computing resources. Mesh refinement is a key parameter in determining the number of unknowns to be processed. In turn, this controls the time and memory required for a simulation. Hence, it is important to use only a mesh that is good enough for the objectives of the simulation, whether for direct handling of high-fidelity EM...
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Energy conversion in systems-contained laser irradiated metallic nanoparticles - comparison of results from analytical solutions and numerical methods
PublikacjaThis work introduces the theoretical method of metallic nanoparticles’ (NPs’) heat and mass transfer where the particles are coated on a surface (base), together with considering the case wherein nanoparticles move freely in a pipe. In order to simulate the heat transfer, energy and radiative transfer equations are adjusted to the considered issue. NPs’ properties are determined following the nanofluidic theories, whereas absorption...
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Techniki chromatografii w rozdzielaniu i oznaczaniu ekdysteroidów w Rhaponticum carthamoides
PublikacjaRhaponticum carthamoides to syberyjska endemiczna wieloletnia bylina, od wieków wykorzystywana w medycynie ludowej, jako preparat wzmacniający organizm. Główną grupą związków chemicznych, występujących w roślinie oraz wzbudzających szczególne zainteresowanie, ze względu na wykazywaną aktywność, są ekdysteroidy. Dlatego też poznanie ich dokładnego składu oraz stężeń w tkankach roślinnych staje się istotnym elementem poznawczym oraz...
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The Thin-Layer Microchromatography (μTLC) and TLC–FID Technique as a New Methodology in the Study of Lubricating Oils
PublikacjaThis paper concerns the possibility of using TLC coupled with a flame ionization detector (FID) and micro-TLC (μTLC) as precursors for microfluidized devices of analytical techniques to identify and determine the presence and content of the petroleum/vegetable oil base in the lubricating oils applied in cutting devices (chainsaws). This research is related to the problem of ensuring, in compliance with the requirements of environmental...
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Future opportunities for products derived from black soldier fly (BSF) treatment as animal feed and fertilizer - A systematic review
PublikacjaThe pursuit of novel food products with good nutritional value for both direct and indirect human consumption is crucial. Given the nutritional benefits of insects and the sustainability of this sort of farming, using them as food for farmed animals is a promising alternative. In this regard, the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) is most capable of efficiently converting a wide variety of organic materials, from food waste...
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Instrumental measurement of odour nuisance in city agglomeration using electronic nose
PublikacjaThe paper describes an operation principle of odour nuisance monitoring network in a city agglomeration. Moreover, it presents the results of investigation on ambient air quality with respect to odour obtained during six-month period. The investigation was carried out using a network comprised of six prototypes of electronic nose and Nasal Ranger field olfactometers employed as a reference method. The monitoring network consisted...
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Structural properties of hydration shell around various conformations of simple polypeptides
PublikacjaIn this paper we investigate structural properties of water within the solvation shell around the peptide core created by a well-defined conformation of polypeptide chain. The following secondary structures are investigated: linear (straight chain), and three helices PII (polyproline-like), 310, and α. We propose using the two-particle contribution to entropy as a rational measure of the water structural ordering within the solvation...
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An evaluation of sucrose as a possible contaminant in e-liquids for electronic cigarettes by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
PublikacjaThe influence of sucrose combustion products on smoking and nicotine addiction is still controversial because the presence of the sucrose may be treated as a source of aldehydes and organic acids. In e-liquids used as refills for electronic cigarettes, which are made primarily of poly(propylene glycol), glycerine and ethanol, sucrose may be present at trace levels, and its impact on mainstream smoke formation, and hence on human...
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The role of centrifugal partition chromatography in the removal of β-asarone from Acorus calamus essential oil
PublikacjaΒ-asarone is a phenylpropane derivative present in the rhizomes of Acorus calamus, that was proved to exhibit toxic effects in humans. Because of its presence the whole plant that is commonly used in traditional medicine for its sedative, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective and other properties has limited application nowadays. In the study, qualitative and quantitative analysis of a collection of nine essential oil (EO) samples...
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Occurrences, sources, and transport of organochlorine pesticides in the aquatic environment of Antarctica
PublikacjaWe review information on the concentration levels of organochlorine pesticides in the abiotic aquatic environment (in seawater, sea ice, surface freshwater, snow, firn, and glacial ice) and the organisms inhabiting those, in Antarctica. Particular attention is given to the environmental fate of these pollutants, which modifies their impact on the organisms living in the Antarctic. OCPs have been delivered to the Antarctic environment...
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Analogues of trypsin inhibitor SFTI-1 modified in the conserved P1′ position by synthetic or non-proteinogenic amino acids retain their inhibitory activity
PublikacjaA series of linear and monocyclic (with a disulfide bridge only) analogues of trypsin inhibitor SFTI-1 modified in the P-1 and/or P-1' positions were synthesized by the solid-phase method. In the substrate specificity P-1 position, Phe or N-benzylglycine (Nphe) were introduced, whereas the conserved Ser6 in Bownam-Birk (BBI) inhibitors was replaced by Hse (L-homoserine), Nhse [N-(2-hydroxyethyl)glycine], Sar, and Ala. Kinetic studies...
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Protein thermal stabilization in aqueous solutions of osmolytes
PublikacjaProteins’ thermal stabilization is a significant problem in various biomedical, biotechnological, and technological applications. We investigated thermal stability of hen egg white lysozyme in aqueous solutions of the following stabilizing osmolytes: Glycine (GLY), N-methylglycine (NMG), N,N-dimethylglycine (DMG), N,N,N-trimethylglycine (TMG), and trimethyl-N-oxide (TMAO). Results of CD-UV spectroscopic investigation were compared...
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Trends in Locally Balanced Energy Systems without the Use of Fossil Fuels: A Review
PublikacjaIn recent years, the idea of the operation of energy systems (power systems, heating systems) has changed significantly. This paper is an overview of locally balanced energy systems without the use of fossil fuels. The paper justifies the concept of local energy balancing in a new energy system that does not use fossil fuels (coal, natural gas, and crude oil), based on European Union guidelines and formal documents as well as the...
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Effect of the welding environment and storage time of electrodes on the diffusible hydrogen content in deposited metal
PublikacjaIn the study the glycerin displacement method was used for determination of diffusible hydrogen content in deposited metal. Specimens were welded in the air and in the water with covered rutile electrodes. The first part of the specimens was made immediately after opening the package of the electrodes. The electrodes were then stored in opened packages in laboratory conditions that allowed for contact with the air for three years....
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Preparation and characterization of biodegradable and compostable PLA/TPS/ESO compositions
PublikacjaIn this study, biodegradable and compostable compositions, derived from totally natural feedstock/raw materials, namely polylactide (PLA), potato thermoplastic starch (TPS) and plant glycerin have been made by melt extrusion with epoxydized soybean oil (ESO) as reactive modifier in order to improve PLAs ductility and reduce the products cost without compromising biodegradation. The obtained PLA/mTPS(0,5ESO)[75/25] and PLA/ mTPS(2ESO)[75/25]...
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Mechanism of Osmolyte Stabilization–Destabilization of Proteins: Experimental Evidence
PublikacjaIn this work, we investigated the influence of stabilizing (N,N,N-trimethylglycine) and destabilizing (urea) osmolytes on the hydration spheres of biomacromolecules in folded forms (trpzip-1 peptide and hen egg white lysozyme─hewl) and unfolded protein models (glycine─GLY and N-methylglycine─NMG) by means of infrared spectroscopy. GLY and NMG were clearly limited as minimal models for unfolded proteins and should be treated with...
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The use of constructed wetlands for the treatment of industrial wastewater
PublikacjaConstructed wetlands are characterized by specific conditions enabling simultaneous various physical and biochemical processes. This is the result of specific environment for the growth of microorganisms and hydro-phytes (aquatic and semiaquatic plants) which are capable of living in aerobic, anaerobic and facultative anaerobic conditions. Their interaction contributes to the intensification of oxidation and reduction responsible...
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Fruit seeds oils as a cosmetic emulsions component
PublikacjaThe fruit seeds are known to have a considerable amount of oil and their potential specialty as nutraceutical oil was suggested based on high level of unsaturated triacyglycerols (major fatty acids are linoleic, linolenic, oleic) and a high content of tocols (tocopherols and tocotrienols). In this study the possibility of application fruit seeds oils in W/O and O/W emulsion systems was investigated to find the influence of the...
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The New Test Procedure for Group-Type Composition of Base Oils of Lubricating Oils, Especially Emitted into the Environment
PublikacjaMineral base oil, a product of multistep fine refining of the relevant fractions from vacuum distillation of crude oil, is a main component of so-called mineral lubricating oils containing aliphatic and alicyclic substituted aromatic hydrocarbons, i.e., derivatives of benzene and biphenyl. Mineral lubricating oil is composed mostly of mineral base oil and a low amount of enriching additives, most often products of advanced organic...
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A review on recent advances in the application of biosurfactants in wastewater treatment
PublikacjaMicroorganisms produce a variety of non-conventional surface-active molecules, known as biosurfactants. The biosurfactants find diverse applications in the oil industry, agriculture, emulsifiers, and wastewater treatment, to name a few. Since they are produced from microbes, advantages such as biodegradability, lower toxicity, and environmental compatibility can be leveraged compared to the chemical surfactants. Recently, biosurfactants...
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Cavitation based cleaner technologies for biodiesel production and processing of hydrocarbon streams: A perspective on key fundamentals, missing process data and economic feasibility – A review
PublikacjaThe present review emphasizes the role of hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) and acoustic cavitation in clean and green technologies for selected fuels (of hydrocarbon origins such as gasoline, naphtha, diesel, heavy oil, and crude oil) processing applications including biodiesel production. Herein, the role of cavitation reactors, their geometrical parameters, physicochemical properties of liquid media, liquid oxidants, catalyst loading,...