Search results for: DIFFUSIBLE HYDROGEN
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Alternative convolution approach to friction in unsteady pipe flow
PublicationIn the paper some aspects of the unsteady friction in pipe flow expressed by the convolution are analyzed. This additional term introduced into the motion equation involves the accelerations of fluid occurring in the past and a weighting function. The essence of such approach is to assume the appropriate form of weighting function. However, until now no fully reliable formula for this function has been found. To avoid some inconveniences...
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Small-scale passive emission chamber for screening studies on monoterpene emission flux from the surface of wood-based indoor elements
PublicationAnalysis of literature data published in the last fewyears leads to the conclusion that in the process of assessment of emission flux of organic compounds emitted from different types of equipment and finishing materials, new types of devices, among which small-scale passive emission chambers for the performance of in-situ research are designed and applied on a larger scale. These devices can be successfully used for the assessment...
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Wymagania inżynierii systemów dla maszyn wirujących (PG-00060237)
e-Learning CoursesTurbiny wiatrowe, gazowe, mikroturbiny, silniki lotnicze, turbosprężarki i inne systemy mechaniczne to przykłady maszyn wirujących, które wymagają wysoko wykwalifikowanych inżynierów. Powinni oni zrozumieć złożoność procesów projektowania i produkcji, w tym wytwarzania przyrostowego, oraz konserwacji prognostycznej opartej na inżynierii cyfrowej dla bezawaryjnej pracy silnika. Kurs zapewnia fundamentalną wiedzę wymaganą w przemyśle...
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Gasification of Densified Biomass (DB) and Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) Using HTA/SG Technology
PublicationThe necessity of economical and rational use of natural energy sources caused a rapid development of research on the possibilities of using non‐conventional energy resources. Taking the above into account, a new technological process of thermochemical conversion of biomass and communal waste, commonly known as High Temperature Air/Steam Gasification (HTA/SG) and Multi‐Staged Enthalpy Extraction Technology (HTAG‐MEET), was developed....
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Features extraction from the electrocatalytic gas sensor responses
PublicationOne of the types of gas sensors used for detection and identification of toxic-air pollutant is an electrocatalytic gas sensor. The electrocatalytic sensors are working in cyclic voltammetry mode, enable detection of various gases. Their response are in the form of I-V curves which contain information about the type and the concentration of measured volatile compound. However,...
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Investigation of H2:CH4 plasma composition by means of spatially resolved optical spectroscopy
PublicationThe system based on spatially resolved optical emission spectroscopy dedicated for in situ diagnostics of plasma assisted CVD processes is presented in this paper. Measurement system coupled with chemical vapour deposition chamber by dedicated fiber-optic paths enables investigation of spatial distribution of species densities (Hx, H+, CH, CH+) during chemical vapour deposition process. Experiments were performed for a various...
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Time evolution of Electrochemical Impedance spectra of cathodically protected steel in artificial seawater
PublicationUsability of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy data for better cathodic protection control was investigated. Carbon steel – S235JR2 grade specimen were exposed in artificial seawater environment. Samples were polarized and their potentials corresponded to four different cathodic protection degrees. Time evolution of Electrochemical Impedance spectra was investigated. Goodness of fit function (X2) was analysed in terms of proper...
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Fabrication, Microstructure and High Temperature Corrosion Resistance of Porous Alloys for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
PublicationPorous alloys find use in modern Solid Oxide Fuel Cells as the supporting structures. As they are exposed to high temperatures (> 500°C) an oxide scale forms on their surface due to high temperature corrosion phenomena. Since the ratio between the surface area and volume is much higher than for planar samples, formation of the oxide can lead to a breakaway oxidation after relatively short times. Therefore corrosion properties of...
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Bis(ammonium) Zoledronate Dihydrate
PublicationNeutralization of 2-(1-imidazole)-1-hydroxyl-1,1`-ethylidenediphosphonic acid (zoledronic acid) by an excess of ammonia yielded bis(ammonium) zoledronate dihydrate, {C5H8N2O7P2 2−, 2(H4N+), 2(H2O)}. The product is readily soluble in water and forms monocrystals for which the X-ray structural analysis was carried out. The zoledronic anion is of double negative charge due to deprotonation of three P–OH groups and protonation of the...
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Structure and thermoelectric properties of Bi–Te alloys obtained by novel method of oxide substrates reduction
PublicationA novel method of thermoelectric materials fabrication has been developed. Oxide reagents have been melted at high temperature in air, quenched, milled to powder and reduced in hydrogen to form Bi–Te alloys. Structural and thermoelectric properties of samples have been investigated depending on initial composition and temperature of reduction process. Sample 25Bi2O3–75TeO2 reduced at 340 °C for 10 h has been found to be a p-type...
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Superexcited states in the vacuum-ultraviolet photofragmentation of isoxazole molecules
PublicationThe photofragmentation of isoxazole molecules producing excited atomic and molecular fragments has been investigated over the energy range 16-50 eV, using photon-induced fluorescence spectroscopy. The following fragments have been identified by their fluorescence: the excited hydrogen atoms H(n), n = 3-7 and the diatomic CH(A2Δ, B2Σ−), CN(B2Σ+) and C2(d3Πg) fragments. The diatomic fragments are vibrationally and highly rotationally...
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Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass and Municipal Waste into Useful Energy Using Advanced HiTAG/HiTSG Technology
PublicationAn advanced thermal conversion system involving high-temperature gasification of biomass and municipal waste into biofuel, syngas or hydrogen-rich gas is presented in this paper. The decomposition of solid biomass and wastes by gasification is carried out experimentally with a modern and innovative regenerator and updraft continuous gasifier, among others. A ceramic high-cycle regenerator provides extra energy for the thermal conversion...
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Carboxylation Enhances Fragmentation of Furan upon Resonant Electron Attachment
PublicationWe report a dissociative electron attachment study to 2-furoic acid (C5H4O3) isolated in a gas phase, which is a model molecule consisting of a carboxylic group and a furan ring. Dissociation of furan by low energy electrons is accessible only via electronic excited Feshbach resonances at energies of incident electrons above 5 eV. On the other hand, carboxylic acids are well- known to dissociate via attachment of electrons at subexcitation energies....
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<i>N,N,N</i>-Trimethyl-N-(methyl 5-deoxy-2,3-<i>O</i>-isopropylidene-β-D-ribofuranosid-5- yl)ammonium 4-methylbenzenesulfonate sesquihydrate.
PublicationThe structure of the title compound, [C12H24NO4][C7H7O3S]·1.5H2O, contains alternating layers parallel to (001) of hydrophobic and polar character, stabilized by C-H...O hydrogen bonding. The furan ring adopts an envelope conformation with the C(OMe) atom as the flap, and the dioxolane ring is twisted about one of the O-C(methine) bonds. A comparison to related compounds is presented. The tosylate-O atoms were disordered over two...
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Influence of chemical structure on physicochemical properties and thermal decomposition of the fully bio-based poly(propylene succinate-co-butylene succinate)s
PublicationIn this work, two polyesters and four copolyesters were studied. All materials were synthesized to obtain the monomers dedicated for thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers. For this type of PUR, the monomers should characterize by appropriate selected physicochemical properties and macromolecular structure distribution, which depends on synthesis conditions. The study of chemical structure with extensive and knowledgeable analysis...
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Database of the convergence analysis results of the nonstandard approximation of the generalized Burgers–Huxley equation for the solution bounded within [0,1].
Open Research DataThe presented dataset is a result of the convergence analysis of the Mickens-type, nonlinear, finite-difference discretization of a generalized Burgers–Huxley partial differential equation.
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Database of the convergence analysis results of the nonstandard approximation of the generalized Burgers–Huxley equation for the solution bounded within [0, γ^(1/p)].
Open Research DataPresented dataset is a result of the convergence analysis of the Mickens-type, nonlinear, finite-difference discretization of a generalized Burgers–Huxley partial differential equation. The generalized Burgers–Huxley equation is a diffusive partial differential equation with nonlinear advection and diffusion. The boundary problem for this equation possesses...
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Deep eutectic solvent-based shaking-assisted extraction for determination of bioactive compounds from Norway spruce roots
PublicationPolyphenolic compounds play an essential role in plant growth, reproduction, and defense mechanisms against pathogens and environmental stresses. Extracting these compounds is the initial step in assessing phytochemical changes, where the choice of extraction method significantly influences the extracted analytes. However, due to environmental factors, analyzing numerous samples is necessary for statistically significant results,...
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Highly stable organic–inorganic junction composed of hydrogenated titania nanotubes infiltrated by a conducting polymer
PublicationA poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) conducting polymer doped with poly(2-styrene sulfonate) (pEDOT:PSS) was efficiently electrodeposited on a layer composed of ordered titania nanotubes. TiO2 nanotubes were formed during an anodization process and, after calcinations, a layer was subjected to hydrogen plasma. Hydrogenation leads to Ti(III) formation, a decrease in resistance, and a huge increase of donor density when compared with...
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Ultrafast Intramolecular Relaxation and Wave-Packet Motion in a Ruthenium-Based Supramolecular Photocatalyst
PublicationThe hydrogen-evolving photocatalyst [(tbbpy)2 Ru(tpphz)Pd(Cl)2 ](2+) (tbbpy=4,4'-di-tert-butyl-2,2'-bipyridine, tpphz=tetrapyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c:3'',2''-h:2''',3'''-j]phenazine) shows excitation-wavelength-dependent catalytic activity, which has been correlated to the localization of the initial excitation within the coordination sphere. In this contribution the excitation-wavelength dependence of the early excited-state relaxation...
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Risks related to car fire on innovative Poroelastic Road Surfaces-PERS
PublicationTo reduce tyre/road noise, the concept of poroelastic road surfaces (PERS) was invented. PERS is a road surface material that is porous, and at the same time, it is flexible because of the substantial amount of rubber granulate content (from 20% to 85%). The rubber and stone particles are bound by polyurethane resin instead of bitumen. It was feared that in case of fire, because of the high content of rubber and polyurethane, there...
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Optimization of biocorrosion resistance and mechanical properties of PM Ti–XAl–2Fe–3Cu alloys by response surface methodology
PublicationIn the current study, the biocorrosion resistance and mechanical properties of the Ti–XAl–2Fe–3Cu (wt%) (X = 6, 4, 2 wt%) alloy produced by powder compact extrusion of blended elemental powders were optimized by using the response surface methodology in order to gain the best combination of processing parameters. To run the optimization process, central composite design with three equal levels of oxygen, hydrogen and aluminum was...
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Application of Spinel and Hexagonal Ferrites in Heterogeneous Photocatalysis
PublicationSemiconducting materials display unique features that enable their use in a variety of applications, including self-cleaning surfaces, water purification systems, hydrogen generation, solar energy conversion, etc. However, one of the major issues is separation of the used materials from the process suspension. Therefore, chemical compounds with magnetic properties have been proposed as crucial components of photocatalytic composites,...
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Rozdział 10.2 Metody oznaczania właściwości przeciwutleniających próbek żywności
PublicationWystępowanie większości chorób cywilizacyjnych może być rezultatem stresu oksydacyjnego prowadzącego do różnorodnych zmian w ludzkim organizmie, wywołanych działaniem tzw. reaktywnych form tlenu. Z tego też powodu pojawiło się olbrzymie zapotrzebowanie na szybkie testy umożliwiające pomiar całkowitej zawartości przeciwutleniaczy czy też ogólnej siły przeciwutleniającej produktów żywnościowych a w szczególności świeżych warzyw...
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Dissociation and fragmentation of furan by electron impact
PublicationDissociation and fragmentation processes that produce electronically excited atomic and molecular fragments, following electron impact excitation, have been studied in furan. The optical excitation technique has been employed over the electron incident energy range 15-95 eV. Formation of excited hydrogen atoms H(n) in the n = 4-10 states has been detected by observation of the Balmer series. The diatomic CH fragments are formed...
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Spatial characterization of H 2: CH 4 dissociation level in microwave ECR plasma source by fibre-optic OES
PublicationSpatially resolved optical emission spectroscopy (SR-OES) was used to investigate microwave activated H2/Ar/CH4 plasma under conditions of the electron cyclotron resonance (ECR). The chemistry and composition of the gas phase were studied using self-designed fibre-optic system with echelle type spectrometer during CVD deposition of polycrystalline diamond. One-dimensional intensity profiles of the main species were collected along...
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Interactions of fish gelatin and chitosan in uncrosslinked and crosslinked with EDC films: FT-IR study
PublicationFilms based on fish gelatin, chitosan and blend of fish gelatin and chitosan before and after cross-linking with EDC have been characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy. The FT-IR spectrum of fish gelatin film showed the characteristic amide I, amide II and amide III bands, and the FT-IR spectrum of chitosan film confirmed that the polymer was only a partially deacetylated product, and included CH3-C=O and NH2 groups, the latter both...
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Nowoczesne metody termochemicznej konwersji biomasy w paliwa gazowe, ciekłe i stałe = Modern methods of thermochemical biomass conversion into gas, liquid and solid fuels
PublicationBiomass utilization through direct- or co-combustion with coal, based on coal, hydrogen and oxygen compounds chemical energy conversion into heat in boilers, is simultaneously the cheapest and - according to experts - economically least effective solution. In case of heat and electricity production in cogeneration process in biomass fueled heat and power stations (wood, straw, energetic plants, RDF etc), investment costs are little...
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Furan Fragmentation in the Gas Phase: New Insights from Statistical and Molecular Dynamics Calculations
PublicationWe present a complete exploration of the different fragmentation mechanisms of furan (C4H4O) operating at low and high energies. Three different theoretical approaches are combined to determine the structure of all possible reaction intermediates, many of them not described in previous studies, and a large number of pathways involving three types of fundamental elementary mechanisms: isomerization, fragmentation, and H/H2 loss...
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Structural changes of bacterial cellulose due to incubation in conditions simulating human plasma in the presence of selected pathogens
PublicationBacterial nanocellulose (BNC) is a natural biomaterial with a wide range of medical applications. However, it cannot be used as a biological implant of the circulatory system without checking whether it is biodegradable under human plasma conditions. This work aimed to investigate the BNC biodegradation by selected pathogens under conditions simulating human plasma. The BNC was incubated in simulated biological fluids with or...
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Influence of alkaline and oxidative pre-treatment of waste corn cobs on biohydrogen generation efficiency via dark fermentation
PublicationStages of waste corn cobs processing leading to the production of biohydrogen via dark fermentation are presented and discussed in this paper. Firstly, the effects of pretreatment conditions i.e. alkaline, alkaline-oxidizing and Fenton oxidizing pre-treatment of lignocellulosic biomass on the removal of lignin were examined. The solid residue obtained in the first stage was subjected to saccharification by means of enzymatic hydrolysis....
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Ultrafast degradation of brilliant cresyl blue under hydrodynamic cavitation based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs)
PublicationThe study highlights effectiveness of hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) in the degradation of effluents polluted by Brilliant Cresyl Blue (BCB) dye. Optimal process parameters were cavitation number 0.27, inlet pressure 1.70 bar, temperature 20 °C and pH 7. The efficiency of HC was investigated in combination with other advanced oxidation processes, including the addition of external oxidants (hydrogen peroxide, ozone, and sodium persulfate)...
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AlP compound and P-doping for promotion of electrocatalytic activity of N-doped carbon derived from metal-organic framework
PublicationWater splitting plays a key role in future fuels, where two processes occur - the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Nitrogen-doped carbon derived from...
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Gas bubble dynamics - experiment and fractal analysis.
PublicationPrzedstawiono nieliniowe aspekty generowania pęcherzyków gazowych z dysz szklanych umieszczonych pod powierzchnią cieczy. W badaniach eksperymentalnych zastosowano układ laser diodowy- fotodetektor oraz hydrofon. Sygnały z fotodetektora i hydrofonu były wzmacniane, rejestrowane za pomocą karty dźwiękowej, a następnie poddane analzie fraktalnej. W wyniku obliczeń ustalono mapy występowania chaosu w funkcji strumienia objętości gazu.
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Magnetizabilities of relativistic hydrogenlike atoms in some arbitrary discrete energy eigenstates
PublicationWe present the results of numerical calculations of magnetizability of the relativistic hydrogenlike atoms. Exploiting the analytical formula for $\chi$ we have found the values of the magnetizability for the ground state and for the first and the second set of excited states of the atom. The results for ions with the atomic number $0
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Photoresponsive, amide-based derivative of embonic acid for anion recognition
PublicationThe synthesis and ion-binding properties of amide-based derivative of embonic acid andp-aminoazobenzenewere described. The new compound was characterized by X-ray structural analysis and spectroscopic methods.Ligand interacts in acetonitrile with Y-shaped anions (benzoates and acetates) and dihydrogen phosphatesforming complexes of 1:1 stoichiometry. In more polar DMSO the complexes stoichiometry changes to 2:1(L:anion). Light-inducedtranstocisisomerization...
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Fragmentation of Tetrahydrofuran Molecules by H+, C+, and O+ Collisions at the Incident Energy Range of 25–1000 eV
PublicationWe have studied fragmentation processes of the gas-phase tetrahydrofuran (THF) molecules in collisions with the H+, C+, and O+ cations. The collision energies have been varied between 25 and 1000 eV and thus covered a velocity range from 10 to 440 km/s. The following excited neutral fragments of THF have been observed: the atomic hydrogen H(n), n = 4–9, carbon atoms in the 2p3s 1P1, 2p4p 1D2, and 2p4p 3P states and vibrationally...
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Fabrication of wormhole-like YSZ and Ni-YSZ by the novel soft-hard template CTAB/NaCl-assisted route. Suppressing Ni coalescence in SOFC
PublicationA novel one-pot synthesis route leading to the formation of a wormhole-like structure was developed for the successful fabrication of porous YSZ and Ni-YSZ systems. This method involved co-precipitation in the presence of the micelle-forming agents CTAB/Pluronic P123 and crystallising NaCl. The obtained skeletons were mechanically stable and presented almost 50% uniform, open porosity without using any additional pore-formers....
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The novel sterilization device: the prototype testing
PublicationCurrently, there are numerous methods that can be used to neutralize pathogens (i.e., devices, tools, or protective clothing), but the sterilizing agent must be selected so that it does not damage or change the properties of the material to which it is applied. Dry sterilization with hydrogen peroxide gas (VHP) in combination with UV-C radiation is well described and effective method of sterilization. This paper presents the design,...
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A magnetic stir bar sorbent of metal organic frameworks, carbon foam decorated zinc oxide and cryogel to enrich and extract parabens and bisphenols from food samples
PublicationA porous composite magnetic stir bar adsorbent was fabricated for the extraction and enrichment of parabens and bisphenols from selected beverage samples. The adsorbent comprised a metal organic framework, carbon foam decorated zinc oxide and magnetic nanoparticles embedded in polyvinyl alcohol cryogel. The porous composite stir bar adsorbent could adsorb parabens and bisphenols via hydrogen bonding, π-π and hydrophobic interactions....
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Optoelectronic system for monitoring of thin diamond layers growth
PublicationDevelopment of the optoelectronic system for monitoring of diamond/DLC (Diamond-Like-Carbon) thin films growth during mu PA ECR CVD (Microwave Plasma Assisted Electron Cyclotron Resonance Chemical Vapour Deposition) process is described. The multi-point Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES) and Raman spectroscopy were employed as non-invasive optoelectronic tools. Dissociation of H-2 molecules, excitation and ionization of hydrogen...
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Determination of toxic gases based on the responses of a single electrocatalytic sensor and pattern recognition techniques
PublicationA response from an electrocatalytic gas sensor contains fingerprint information about the type of gas and its concentration. As a result, a single gas sensor can be used for the determination of different gases. However, information about the type of gas and its concentration is hidden in the unique shape of the current–voltage response and it is quite difficult to explore. One of the ways to get precise information about the measured...
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The importance of the shape of the protein–water interface of a kinesin motor domain for dynamics of the surface atoms of the protein
PublicationA single kinesin motor domain immersed in water has been investigated using molecular dynamics. It has been found that local properties of water in the solvation shell change along with the nature of the neighboring protein surface. However, a detailed analysis leads to the conclusion that the geometrical features of hydrogen bonds and overall structure of kinesin hydration water are not very different from bulk water. The local...
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Efficiency of linear and non-linear classifiers for gas identification from electrocatalytic gas sensor
PublicationElectrocatalytic gas sensors belong to the family of electrochemical solid state sensors. Their responses are acquired in the form of I-V plots as a result of application of cyclic voltammetry technique. In order to obtain information about the type of measured gas the multivariate data analysis and pattern classification techniques can be employed. However, there is a lack of information in literature about application of such...
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Stark effect of atomic helium singlet lines
PublicationWe present experimental and theoretical investigations of the He spectral series 2S1−nQ1 (n=3÷9, Q=S,P,D,…,n−1) and 2P1−nQ1 (n=3÷9, Q=S,P,D,…,n−1) in electric fields up to 1635 kV/cm. Apart from the allowed transitions with |ΔL|=1, the transitions with |ΔL|=0,2,3,…-without field strictly forbidden-were observed. Several He patterns become similar to hydrogen patterns, which means they are nearly symmetric and show in higher fields...
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Coordination polymers and molecular structures among complexes of mercury(II) halides with selected 1-benzoylthioureas
PublicationSix new 1-benzoyl-3-phenylthiourea and 1-benzoyl-3-(2-methylphenyl)thiourea complexes of mercury( II) were obtained in the reactions of the ligands with HgX2 in methanol (X = Cl, Br, I). Their structures, determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, exhibit different stoichiometries and molecular organization. Coordination centers adopt more or less distorted tetrahedral geometry (five structures) or distorted trigonal...
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The importance of the shape of the protein-water interface of a kinesin motor domain for dynamics of the surface atoms of the protein
PublicationSingle kinesin motor domain immersed in water has been investigated using molecular dynamics. It has been found that local properties of water in solvation shell change along with the nature of neighboring protein surface. However, a detailed analysis leads to the conclusion that the geometrical features of hydrogen bonds and overall structure of kinesin hydration water is not very different from bulk water. The local values of...
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New uranium(vi) and isothiouronium complexes: synthesis, crystal structure, spectroscopic characterization and a DFT study
PublicationThe crystal structures of S,S′-2,5-dimethylbenzene-1,4-diylbis(methylisothiouronium) diacetate (1_ac), S,S′-2,5-dimethylbenzene-1,4-diylbis(methylisothiouronium) dichloride (1_Cl), 1_U complex, S,S′-naphthalene-1,4-diylbis(methylisothiouronium) dichloride (2_Cl), and 2_U complex were determined for the first time. The supramolecular structures of the compounds obtained are mainly based on hydrogen bonding and ionic interactions...
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Effect of chemical structure on complexation efficiency of aromatic drugs with cyclodextrins: The example of dibenzazepine derivatives
PublicationIt is widely believed that the hydrophobic effect governs the binding of guest molecules to cyclodextrins (CDs). However, it is also known that high hydrophobicity of guest molecules does not always translate to the formation of stable inclusion complexes with CDs. Indeed, a plethora of other factors can play a role in the efficiency of guest–CD interactions, rendering structure-based prediction of the complexation efficiency with...
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Local Conformation and Cocrystallization Phenomena in Renewable Diaminoisoidide-Based Polyamides Studied by FT-IR, Solid State NMR, and WAXD
PublicationBiobased polyamides synthesized from diaminoisoidide (DAII), 1,4-diaminobutane, and sebacic acid are investigated by FT-IR, 13C{1H} magic-angle spinning/cross-polarization (CP/MAS) NMR spectroscopy, and WAXD. Their molecular conformation and mobility undergo distinct changes as a function of temperature and diaminoisoidide content in the compositions. The presence of randomly distributed diaminoisoidide (DAII) in the polyamides...