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Search results for: ESTIMATION
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Comparative field test for measurement of PM10 dust in atmospheric air using gravimetric (reference) method and b-absorption method (Eberline FH 62-1)
PublicationThe paper presents the results of a field test carried out in Gdansk region between 01-01-2010 and 31-12-2010 in order to demonstrate equivalence of the Eberline FH 62-1 sampler to the reference gravimetric method of suspended PM10 dust measurement. The differences in PM10 dust concentration provided by both methods have been discussed for different seasons of the year. A method of estimation of the correction factors/correction...
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Application of TOPSIS for Selection and Assessment of Analytical Procedures for Ibuprofen Determination in Wastewater
PublicationThis paper describes the possible implementation of the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) as green analytical chemistry metrics tools. TOPSIS is one of the multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) tools that is applied in the selection of the best alternative from many possible. In this case we have applied it to assess the nineteen analytical procedures for ibuprofen determination in wastewater...
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Detection and Mitigation of GPS Spoofing Based on Antenna Array Processing
PublicationIn this article authors present an application of spatial processing methods for GPS spoofing detection and mitigation. In the first part of this article, a spoofing detection method, based on phase delay measurements, is proposed. Accuracy and precision of phase delay estimation is assessed for various qualities of received signal. Spoofing detection thresholds are determined. Efficiency of this method is evaluated in terms of...
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Radioisotope measurement of selected parameters of liquid-gas flow using single detector system
PublicationTo determine the parameters of two-phase flows using radioisotopes, usually two detectors are used. Knowing the distance between them, the velocity of the dispersed phase is calculated based on time delay estimation. Such a measurement system requires the use of two gamma-ray sealed sources. But in some situations it is also possible to determine velocity of dispersed phase using only one scintillation probe and one gamma-ray source....
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Review of Shoreline Extraction Methods from Aerial Laser Scanning
PublicationAutonomous technologies are increasingly used in various areas of science. The use of unmanned vehicles for hydrographic surveys in shallow coastal areas requires accurate estimation of shoreline position. This is a nontrivial task, which can be performed using a wide range of sensors and methods. The aim of the publication is to review shoreline extraction methods based solely on data from aerial laser scanning (ALS). This narrative...
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How to evaluate methods used in chemical laboratories in terms of the total chemical risk? – a ChlorTox Scale
PublicationReliable assessment of the health and environmental risk associated with the use of chemicals is critical to ob- jectively evaluate the greenness and whiteness of an analytical method. An objective and useful way of risk assessment should take into account all the relevant properties of used substances, their actual amounts needed for application of the method, and quantify the assessment result using a standardized unit. This...
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seafloor characterisation combined approach using multibeam sonar echo signal processing and image analysis
PublicationThe authors propose the approach to seafloor characterisation which relies on the combined, concurrent use of two different techniques: (i) multibeam sonar image analysis and (ii) multibeam seabed echoes processing. The first technique is based on constructing the grey-level sonar images of the seabed extracted from the echoes received in the consecutive soundings. Then, the set of parameters describing the local region of sonar...
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Dynamics of productivity in higher education. Cross-European evidence based on bootstrapped Malmquist indices
PublicationThis study presents patterns of productivity change in a large set of 266 public higher education institutions (HEIs) from 7 European countries across the time period 2001-2005. We adopt consistent bootstrap estimation procedures to obtain confidence intervals for Malmquist indices of HEI productivity and their components. Consequently, we are able to assess statistical significance of the changes in HEIs' productivity, efficiency...
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Verification of punching shear outside the shear cap by the direct method
PublicationThe proposition of a method to verify the punching resistance for very large supports based on the EN 1992-1-1 standard is described in this paper. The present standard guidelines for the calculation of the punching resistance for large supports are also summarised. The proposed direct method is compared with other standard methods using an example taken from design practice. This method consists of a direct check of the shear...
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Identyfikacja trajektorii obiektów dynamicznych w przestrzeni kartezjańskiej na podstawie informacji z wielu estymatorów stanu
PublicationW rozprawie przedstawiono metodologię umożliwiającą implementację rozproszonego asynchronicznego systemu wyznaczania trajektorii. System tego typu jest złożony ze zbioru tzw. węzłów (estymatorów lokalnych), które komunikują się ze sobą. Każdy węzeł wyznacza trajektorię obserwowanego obiektu/procesu na podstawie dwóch zbiorów danych. Pierwszym zbiorem są pomiary dostarczane przez skojarzone z danym...
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Próba uogólnionej oceny efektywności wybranych rynków pracy
PublicationCelem artykułu jest pilotażowa próba dokonania uzupełnienia oceny efektywności rynków pracy wynikami uprzednio przeprowadzonej analizy mobilności międzysektorowej płac oraz zatrudnienia. Ocena mobilności międzysektorowej przeprowadzona zostanie dwutorowo: z jednej strony za pomocą uzupełnienia jej o zobrazowanie reakcji rynków na międzysektorowe przesunięcia zatrudnienia, a z drugiej z użyciem ocen zagregowanej zmiany zróżnicowania...
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Color prediction from first principle quantum chemistry computations: a case of alizarin dissolved in methanol
PublicationThe electronic spectrum of alizarin (AZ) in methanol solution was measured and used as reference data for color prediction. The visible part of the spectrum was modelled by different DFT functionals within the TD-DFT framework. The results of a broad range of functionals applied for theoretical spectrum prediction were compared against experimental data by a direct color comparison. The tristimulus model of color expressed in terms...
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Monitoring of Chlorine Concentration in Drinking Water Distribution Systems Using an Interval Estimator
PublicationThis paper describes the design of an interval observer for the estimation of unmeasured quality state variables in drinking water distribution systems. The estimator utilizes a set bounded model of uncertainty to produce robust interval bounds on the estimated state variables of the water quality. The bounds are generated by solving two differential equations. Hence the numerical efficiency is sufficient for on-line monitoring...
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Sensorless Fault Detection of Induction Motor with Inverter Output Filter
PublicationThe paper presents the problem of monitoring and fault detection of a sensorless voltage inverter fed squirrel cage induction motor with LC filter. The detection is based on load torque estimation of the investigated torque transmission system. The load torque is calculated besides the computation of other variables that are mandatory for sensorless drive operation such as rotor flux and speed. The implemented LC filter smooths...
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Noise sources in Raman spectroscopy of biological objects
PublicationWe present an overview of noise sources deteriorating the quality of the recorded biological Raman spectra and the ability to determine the specimen composition. The acquired Raman spectra exhibit intense additive noise components or drifts because of low intensity of the scattered light. Therefore we have to apply expensive or bulky measurement setups to limit their inherent noise or to apply additional signal processing to reduce...
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Endocrine Disrupting Compounds – Problems and Challenges
PublicationIn this chapter, information about some of the estrogenic compounds and their environmental fate and biological influence can be found. Special attention is paid to the review of the analytical approaches used at the stages of detection and determination of Endocrine Disrupting Compounds (EDCs) in the environmental samples. Also, a brief characterization of both cellular and non-cellular bioassays is presented. The discovery of...
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The effect of external load on ultrasonic wave attenuation in steel bars under bending stresses
PublicationThe stress state in deformed solids has a significant impact on the attenuation of an ultrasonic wave propagating through the medium. Measuring a signal with certain attenuation characteristics can therefore provide useful diagnostic information about the stress state in the structure. In this work, basic principles behind a novel attenuation-based diagnostic framework are introduced. An experimental study on steel bars under three-point...
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Effective Permeability of Multi Air Gap Ferrite Core 3-Phase Medium Frequency Transformer in Isolated DC-DC Converters
PublicationThe magnetizing inductance of the medium frequency transformer (MFT) impacts the performance of the isolated dc-dc power converters. The ferrite material is considered for high power transformers but it requires an assembly of type “I” cores resulting in a multi air gap structure of the magnetic core. The authors claim that the multiple air gaps are randomly distributed and that the average air gap length is unpredictable at the...
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How to model ROC curves - a credit scoring perspective
PublicationROC curves, which derive from signal detection theory, are widely used to assess binary classifiers in various domains. The AUROC (area under the ROC curve) ratio or its transformations (the Gini coefficient) belong to the most widely used synthetic measures of the separation power of classification models, such as medical diagnostic tests or credit scoring. Frequently a need arises to model an ROC curve. In the biostatistical...
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Soft Sensor Application in Identification of the Activated Sludge Bulking Considering the Technological and Economical Aspects of Smart Systems Functioning
PublicationThe paper presented the methodology for the construction of a soft sensor used for activated sludge bulking identification. Devising such solutions fits within the current trends and development of a smart system and infrastructure within smart cities. In order to optimize the selection of the data-mining method depending on the data collected within a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), a number of methods were considered, including:...
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Using angular dependence of multibeam echo features in seabed classification
PublicationThe new approach to seabed classification based on processing multibeam sonar echoes is presented. The multibeam sonars, besides their well verified and widely used applications like high resolution bathymetry measurements or underwater object imaging, are also the promising tool in seafloor identification and classification, having several advantages over conventional single beam echosounders. The proposed seabed classification...
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Self-optimizing generalized adaptive notch filters - comparison of three optimization strategies
PublicationThe paper provides comparison of three different approaches to on-line tuning of generalized adaptive notch filters (GANFs) the algorithms used for identification/tracking of quasi-periodically varying dynamic systems. Tuning is needed to adjust adaptation gains, which control tracking performance of ANF algorithms, to the unknown and/or time time-varying rate of system nonstationarity. Two out ofthree compared approaches are classical...
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Effects of Salvia officinalis and Thymus vulgaris on oxidant-induced DNA damage and antioxidant status in HepG2 cells
PublicationSalvia officinalis (SO) and Thymus vulgaris (TV) are medicinal plants well known for their curative powers. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for these abilities of sage and thyme have not been fully understood yet. In this study we investigated the composition and the quantitative estimation of plant extracts, the protective effects of plant extracts against hydrogen peroxide- and 2,3-dimethoxy-1,4 naphthoquinone-induced...
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An Assessment of RASSCF and TDDFT Energies and Gradients on an Organic Donor−Acceptor Dye Assisted by Resonance Raman Spectroscopy
PublicationThe excitation energies and gradients in the ground and the first excited state of a novel donor−(π- bridge)−acceptor 4-methoxy-1,3-thiazole-based chromophore were investigated by means of MS-RASPT2/RASSCF and TDDFT in solution. Within both methods, the excitation energies strongly depend on the employed equilibrium structures, whose differences can be rationalized in terms of bond length alternation indexes. It is shown that functionals with...
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Relative product diversification in the course of economic development: import-export analysis.
PublicationThis paper contributes to trade diversification literature by comparing changes in relative (i.e. assessed in comparison with world patterns) heterogeneity of import and export structures in the process of economic development. In particular, by focusing on the diversification of imports, we add a missing piece to already analysed export trends. We use highly disaggregated trade statistics (4963 product lines) for 163 countries...
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Will NILM Technology Replace Multi-Meter Telemetry Systems for Monitoring Electricity Consumption?
PublicationThe estimation of electric power utilization, its baseload, and its heating, light, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) power component, which represents a very large portion of electricity usage in commercial facilities, are important for energy consumption controls and planning. Non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) is the analytical method used to monitor the energy and disaggregate total electrical usage into appliance-related...
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Integrated model for the fast assessment of flood volume: Modelling – management, uncertainty and sensitivity analysis
PublicationThe specific flood volume is an important criterion for assessing the performance of sewage networks. It has been shown that its value is greatly influenced by the layout of the sewers in the catchment area, which is usually expressed by a fractal dimension. Currently, only mechanistic models (such as SWMM) enable the determination of the impact of the layout of the sewers on flooding volume, but they require additional and robust...
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Compact global association based adaptive routing framework for personnel behavior understanding
PublicationPersonnel behavior understanding under complex scenarios is a challenging task for computer vision. This paper proposes a novel Compact model, which we refer to as CGARPN that incorporates with Global Association relevance and Adaptive Routing Pose estimation Network. Our framework firstly introduces CGAN backbone to facilitate the feature representation by compressing the kernel parameter space compared with typical algorithms,...
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Pomiar ryzyka bankowego - propozycja typologii
PublicationW artykule zaproponowano typologię pomiaru ryzyk bankowych. Wyodrębnione kryteria podziału podejść do pomiaru ryzyka to: (1) pomiar bezpośredni/pośredni, (2) pomiar ex post/ex ante, (3) kryterium oparte o składnik ryzyka – częstotliwość, dotkliwość, ekspozycja, całościowa strata, (4) kryterium oparte o parametr rozkładu: pomiar wartości oczekiwanej/przeciętnej, pomiar rozproszenia, pomiar wartości skrajnych. Wśród motywów pomiaru...
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Application of Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARSplines) for Predicting Hansen Solubility Parameters Based on 1D and 2D Molecular Descriptors Computed from SMILES String
PublicationA new method of Hansen solubility parameters (HSPs) prediction was developed by combining the multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARSplines) methodology with a simple multivariable regression involving 1D and 2D PaDEL molecular descriptors. In order to adopt the MARSplines approach to QSPR/QSAR problems, several optimization procedures were proposed and tested. The effectiveness of the obtained models was checked via standard...
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Hierarchical predictive control of integrated wastewater treatment systems
PublicationThe paper proposes an approach to designing the control structure and algorithms for optimising control of integrated wastewater treatment plant-sewer systems (IWWTS) under a full range of disturbance inputs. The optimised control of IWWTS allows for significant cost savings, fulfilling the effluent discharge limits over a long period and maintaining the system in sustainable operation. Due to the specific features of a wastewater...
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ANALYSIS OF POSSIBILITIES FOR THE USE OF VOLUME-DELAY FUNCTIONS IN THE PLANNING MODULE OF THE TRISTAR SYSTEM
PublicationTravel time is a measure commonly used for traffic flow modelling and traffic control. It also helps to evaluate the quality of traffic control systems in urban areas. Traffic control systems that use traffic models to predict changes and disruptions in vehicle flows have to use vehicle speed-prediction models. Travel time estimation studies the effects of traffic volumes on a street section at an average speed. The TRISTAR Integrated...
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Optimization algorithm and filtration using the adaptive TIN model at the stage of initial processing of the ALS point cloud
PublicationAirborne laser scanning (ALS) provides survey results in the form of a point cloud. The ALS point cloud is a source of data used primarily for constructing a digital terrain model (DTM). To generate a DTM, the set of ALS observations must be first subjected to the point cloud processing methodology. A standard methodology is composed of the following stages: acquisition of the ALS data, initial processing (including filtration),...
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MEMS Technology Quality Requirements as Applied to Multibeam Echosounder
PublicationSmall, lightweight, power-efficient, and low-cost microelectromechanical system (MEMS) inertial sensors and microcontrollers, available in the market today, help reduce the instability of Multibeam Sonars. Current MEMS inertial measurement units (IMUs) come in many shapes, sizes, and costs — depending on the application and performance required. Although MEMS inertial sensors offer affordable, appropriately scaled units, they are...
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Multi-transformer primary-side regulated flyback converter for supplying isolated IGBT and MOSFET drivers
PublicationThis paper presents primary-side voltage regulated multi-transformer quasi-resonant flyback converter (MTFC) for supplying isolated power switch drivers. The proposed topology offers distinct advantages over frequently used flyback converter possessing one high frequency transformer with isolated multiple outputs. Particularly, when a large number of separate dc supply units is required, then MTFC enables improved regular distribution...
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Ultimate compressive strength assessment of uncleaned and cleaned corroded plates with locked crack
PublicationThe work presented here investigates the structural response of cleaned corroded plates, subjected to compressive load in the presence of a locked crack, where the change of mechanical properties as a result of corrosion development and the cleaning process is also accounted for. A Finite Element model for assessing the compressive strength, considering geometric and material nonlinearities, is developed, and the analysed plates...
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Prediction of Pile Shaft Capacity in Tension Based on Some Direct CPT Methods—Vistula Marshland Test Site
PublicationThis paper presents different CPT methodologies for the prediction of the pile shaft resistance in tension on the example of three reference screw piles of the Jazowa test site in Poland. The shaft capacity was estimated based on the cone resistance, sleeve friction and CPT excess pore water pressure. Three piles with diameter 0.4 m and the length varied from 8 m to 14.6 m were subjected to static load tests in tension. Their...
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Robust Object Detection with Multi-input Multi-output Faster R-CNN
PublicationRecent years have seen impressive progress in visual recognition on many benchmarks, however, generalization to the out-of-distribution setting remains a significant challenge. A state-of-the-art method for robust visual recognition is model ensembling. However, recently it was shown that similarly competitive results could be achieved with a much smaller cost, by using multi-input multi-output architecture (MIMO). In this work,...
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Robust Object Detection with Multi-input Multi-output Faster R-CNN
PublicationRecent years have seen impressive progress in visual recognition on many benchmarks, however, generalization to the out-of-distribution setting remains a significant challenge. A state-of-the-art method for robust visual recognition is model ensembling. However, recently it was shown that similarly competitive results could be achieved with a much smaller cost, by using multi-input multi-output architecture (MIMO). In this work,...
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Assessment of the Effective Variants Leading to Higher Efficiency for the Geothermal Doublet, Using Numerical Analysis‒Case Study from Poland (Szczecin Trough)
PublicationNumerical models of geothermal doublet allows us to reduce the high risk associated with the selection of the most eective location of a production well. Furthermore, modeling is a suitable tool to verify possible changes in operational geothermal parameters, which guarantees liveliness of the system. An appropriate selection of software as well as the methodology used to generate numerical models significantly aects the quality...
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Utilizing pulse dynamics for non-invasive Raman spectroscopy of blood analytes
PublicationNon-invasive measurement methods offer great benefits in the field of medical diagnostics with molecular-specific techniques such as Raman spectroscopy which is increasingly being used for quantitative measurements of tissue biochemistry in vivo. However, some important challenges still remain for label-free optical spectroscopy to be incorporated into the clinical laboratory for routine testing. In particular, non-analyte-specific...
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Chip suction system in circular sawing machine: empirical research and computational fluid dynamics numerical simulations
PublicationThe experimental analysis of the wood chip removing system during its redesigning in the existing sliding table circular saw and computational fluid dynamic (CFD) numerical simulations of the air flow process is presented in the paper. The attention was focused on the extraction hood and the bottom shelter of the actual existing system. The main aim was to perform experimental research on the pressure distribution inside the...
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Calculating the Partition Coefficients of Organic Solvents in Octanol/Water and Octanol/Air
PublicationPartition coefficients define how a solute is distributed between two immiscible phases at equilibrium. The experimental estimation of partition coefficients in a complex system can be an expensive, difficult, and time-consuming process. Here a computational strategy to predict the distributions of a set of solutes in two relevant phase equilibria is presented. The octanol/water and octanol/air partition coefficients are predicted...
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Role of nitrogen in evolution of sp2/sp3 bonding and optical band gap in hydrogenated carbon nitride
PublicationDrastic changes in the bonding are found in amorphous hydrogenated carbon nitride (a-CNx:H) film as a function of nitrogen concentration (or N/C ratio). The total C-sp3 fraction and hardness shows a sharp decrease (at N/C = 0.40) whereas optical band gap and resistivity shows a gradual increase as nitrogen concentration increases from 0.07 to 0.58. Raman spectrum of a-CNx:H film is fitted with both Gaussian (integrated intensity...
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The process of identification of the track's geometrical layout and the alignment project based on the of satellite measurements
PublicationIn the paper a methodology of restoring of railway track’s geometrical shape in a horizontal plane on the base of conducted mobile satellite surveying was presented. The authors proposed a calculating algorithm for designing the track sections placed in horizontal arcs. In the algorithm an analytical methodology with mathematical formulas is applied. The procedure has an universal character, i.e. provides the possibility of varying...
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Satellite inventory of tram track geometrical layout
PublicationIn the paper a methodology of restoring of railway track’s geometrical shape in a horizontal plane on the base of conducted mobile satellite surveying was presented. The authors proposed a calculating algorithm for designing the track sections placed in horizontal arcs. In the algorithm an analytical methodology with mathematical formulas is applied. The procedure has an universal character, i.e. provides the possibility of varying...
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Quantum metrology: Heisenberg limit with bound entanglement
PublicationQuantum entanglement may provide a huge boost in the precision of parameter estimation. However, quantum metrology seems to be extremely sensitive to noise in the probe state. There is an important still open question: What type of entanglement is useful as a resource in quantum metrology? Here we raise this question in relation to entanglement distillation. We provide a counterintuitive example of a family of bound entangled states...
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Using Statistical Methods to Estimate The Worst Case Response Time of Network Software Running on Indeterministic Hardware Platforms
PublicationIn this paper we investigate whether the statistical Worst Case Execution Time (WCET) estimation methods devised for embedded platforms can be successfully applied to find the Worst Case Response Time (WCRT) of a network application running on a complex hardware platform such as a contemporary commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) system. Establishing easy-to-use timing validation techniques is crucial for real-time applications and...
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Characterization of Optical and Electrical Properties of Transparent Conductive Boron-Doped Diamond thin Films Grown on Fused Silica
PublicationA conductive boron-doped diamond (BDD) grown on a fused silica/quartz has been investigated. Diamond thin films were deposited by the microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (MW PECVD). The main parameters of the BDD synthesis, i.e. the methane admixture and the substrate temperature were investigated in detail. Preliminary studies of optical properties were performed to qualify an optimal CVD synthesis and film parameters...
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Operation of multistage constructed wetlands systems in temporary climate
PublicationThe investigation were carried out at two different hybrid constructed wetlands, which treated municipal sewage after mechanical treatment from small villages in Pomeranian Region. In all facilities first step of biological treatment were horizontal flow beds. The main difference concern configuration of the facilities and sewage distributions systems into vertical flow beds. The measurement period was divided into vegetation...