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Search results for: supercritical thermodynamic cycles
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Analytical method of determining dynamic properties of thermocouples used in measurements of quick – changing temperatures of exhaust gases in marine diesel engines
PublicationThe article presents selected issues of mathematical modeling of heat exchange between the thermocouple and the exhaust gas flowing them, in unsteady conditions. On the way of energy balancing consideration of thermodynamic processes developed differential equations describing the dynamic properties for three versions of the design sheathed thermocouples: with weld isolated from the sheath, with weld welded the sheath and with...
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Diagnosing marine turbine engines through energy characteristics of their flow section
PublicationThe aim of the performed research was to develop of diagnostic method of the flow section of a marine turbine combustion engine based on the level of delamination of its energy characteristics. The here adopted diagnostic model provides for a formulation of the evaluation of the technical conditions based on the measurements of the parameters of the thermodynamic medium in the characteristic control cross-sections of the engine...
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THE COMPOSITION MODULATION EFFECT IN GaInPAs SOLID SOLUTIONS AS A MANIFESTATION OF ENERGY RESONANCE AFTER MATERIAL'S SPINODAL DECOMPOSITION
PublicationThe Cahn-Hilliard model concepts are extended to describe the spinodal decomposition of Ga$_x$In$_{1-x}$P$_y$As$_{1-y}$ solid solutions grown on the InP substrate. The energy of elastic deformation of the thin layer of a solid solution was calculated on the assumption of its coherent conjugation with the massive InP substrate. The excess energy of component mixing in the solid phase was modeled in accordance with the simple solution...
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Exploring the cocrystallization potential of urea and benzamide
PublicationThe cocrystallization landscape of benzamide and urea interacting with aliphatic and aromatic carboxylic acids was studied both experimentally and theoretically. Ten new cocrystals of benzamide were synthesized using an oriented samples approach via a fast dropped evaporation technique. Information about types of known bi-component cocrystals augmented with knowledge of simple binary eutectic mixtures was used for the analysis...
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KTaO3-based nanocomposites for air treatment
PublicationThe advantage is that photocatalytic methods allow removing VOCs, NOx, SO2, deodorants, and microorganisms at the same system. The new third generation of photoactive materials activated by low powered and low cost irradiation sources (such as LEDs or black fluorescent UV lamps) can be used as photocatalysts in air purification systems. A series of single semiconductors and their nanocomposites combination were prepared using hydrothermal...
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Space-vector pulsewidth modulation for a seven-level cascaded H-bridge inverter with the control of DC-link voltages
PublicationThe control strategy of DC-link voltages for a seven-level Cascaded H-Bridge inverter is proposed in this paper. The DC-link voltage balancing is accomplished by appropriate selection of H-Bridges and control of their duty cycles in Space-Vector Modulation (SVM) algorithm. The proposed SVM method allows to maintain the same voltage level on all inverter capacitors. Regardless of the balancing function, the...
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Bistability in a One-Dimensional Model of a Two-Predators-One-Prey Population Dynamics System
PublicationIn this paper, we study a classical two-predators-one-prey model. The classical model described by a system of three ordinary differential equations can be reduced to a one-dimensional bimodalmap. We prove that this map has at most two stable periodic orbits. Besides, we describe the bifurcation structure of the map. Finally, we describe a mechanism that leads to bistable regimes. Taking this mechanism into account, one can easily...
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Biopolymer based nanomaterials in drug delivery systems: A review
PublicationDrug delivery systems (DDS) are used to achieve a higher therapeutic effects of a pharmaceutical drug or natural compound in a specific diseased site with minimal toxicological effect and these systems consists of liposomes, microspheres, gels, prodrugs and many. Nanotechnology is a rapidly developing multi-disciplinary science that ensures the fabrication of the polymers to nanometer scale for various medical applications. Uses...
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High-Temperature Tensile Behaviour of GTAW Joints of P92 Steel and Alloy 617 for Two Different Fillers
PublicationThis study explores the high-temperature (HT) tensile rupture characteristics of a dissimilar gas-tungsten-arc-welded (GTAW) joint between P92 steel and Alloy 617, fabricated using ER62SB9 and ERNiCrCoMo-1 fillers. The high-temperature tensile tests were performed at elevated temperatures of 550 ◦C and 650 ◦C. An optical microscope (OM) and a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) were utilized to characterize the...
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Experimental study of pressure rise at the evaporator of capillary pumped loop with acetone and water as working fluids
PublicationIn this work studied is the possibility of fluid pumping using capillary forces in the capillary pumped loop. Experimental and theoretical studies have been performed to understand the phenomena associated with heat transfer in porous structure of the evaporator. The capillary effect was studied during operation of two different capillary porous structures with two different working fluids, namely water and acetone. The results...
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Interaction of Acoustic and Thermal Modes in the Vibrationally Relaxing Gases. Acoustic Cooling
PublicationThe dynamic equation which governs an excess temperature associated with the thermal mode in vibrationally relaxing gas is derived. The nonlinear transfer of acoustic energy to the energy of the thermal mode in a relaxing gas causes slow variation of temperature with time. The nal dynamic equation is instantaneous. All types of sound, including aperiodic, may be considered as an acoustic source of corresponding heating or cooling....
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CFD analysis of fluid flow through the labyrinth seal
PublicationSteam and gas turbines are some of the fundamental means of power generation. The energy efficiency of the turbines, however, is not satisfactory. Ever since the start-up of the first turbine in the world, engineers have been striving for their increased efficiency. Multiple solutions to the problem of steam loss in an operating turbine are available. The use of seals is one of them. Empirical methods or numerical calculations...
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Analysis of the possibility of increasing thermal-electric energy conversion ratio in CHP units based on micro gas turbine
PublicationThe aim of this paper is to analyze the possibility of increasing thermal energy to electricity conversion efficiency in combined heat and power (CHP) units based on micro gas turbine during low heat demand periods. At the beginning sustainable development postulates under power engineering are explained. Next micro CHP as part of distributed generation idea is presented. The main part of the article is based on results of thermodynamic...
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Szybkie uziemniki do ograniczania skutków zwarć łukowych w okrętowych rozdzielnicach SN
PublicationW artykule scharakteryzowano moc i napięcie łuku, jak również przedstawiono model termodynamiczny służący do obliczania ciśnienia i temperatury gazów w otoczeniu łuku zwarciowego. Przedstawiono przykładowy układ elektrowni okrętowej i zasilania najważniejszych odbiorników na statku do przewozu gazu ziemnego w stanie ciekłym. Na podstawie parametrów prądnic i silników odbiorników zasilanych z rozdzielnicy głównej obliczono prądy...
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Analiza przepływu gazu w kanałowych reduktorach ciśnienia podczas zwarć łukowych w rozdzielnicach SN
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono metodę obliczania ciśnienia i temperatury gazów podczas zwarcia łukowego wewnątrz przedziału wyłącznika rozdzielnicy średniego napięcia z wykorzystaniem modelu termodynamicznego procesów towarzyszących zwarciom łukowym wewnątrz rozdzielnic z izolacją powietrzną. Następnie, w oparciu o mechanikę płynów lepkich, przedstawiono metodę obliczania rozkładu prędkości i ciśnienia gazu w kanałowych reduktorach ciśnienia...
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Asynchronous Networked Estimation System for Continuous Time Stochastic Processes
PublicationIn this paper we examine an asynchronous networked estimation system for state estimation of continuous time stochastic processes. Such a system is comprised of several estimation nodes connected using a possibly incomplete communication graph. Each of the nodes uses a Kalman filter algorithm and data from a local sensor to compute local state estimates of the process under observation. It also performs data fusion of local estimates...
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Some variations of perfect graphs
PublicationWe consider (ψk−γk−1)-perfect graphs, i.e., graphs G for which ψk(H) =γk−1(H) for any induced subgraph H of G, where ψk and γk−1 are the k -path vertex cover number and the distance (k−1)-domination number, respectively. We study (ψk−γk−1)-perfect paths, cycles and complete graphs for k≥2. Moreover, we provide a complete characterisation of (ψ2−γ1)-perfect graphs describing the set of its forbidden induced subgraphs and providing...
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A note on polynomial algorithm for cost coloring of bipartite graphs with Δ ≤ 4
PublicationIn the note we consider vertex coloring of a graph in which each color has an associated cost which is incurred each time the color is assigned to a vertex. The cost of coloring is the sum of costs incurred at each vertex. We show that the minimum cost coloring problem for n-vertex bipartite graph of degree ∆≤4 can be solved in O(n^2) time. This extends Jansen’s result [K.Jansen,The optimum cost chromatic partition problem, in:...
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Diamond-Based Supercapacitors with Ultrahigh Cyclic Stability Through Dual-Phase MnO2-Graphitic Transformation Induced by High-Dose Mn-Ion Implantation
PublicationWhile occasionally being able to charge and dischargemore quickly than batteries, carbon-based electrochemical supercapacitors(SCs) are nevertheless limited by their simplicity of processing, adjustableporosity, and lack of electrocatalytic active sites for a range of redox reactions.Even SCs based on the most stable form of carbon (sp3carbon/diamond)have a poor energy density and inadequate capacitance retention during longcharge/discharge...
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A facile strategy for reclaiming discarded graphite and harnessing the rate capabilities of graphite anodes
PublicationGraphite negative electrodes are unbeaten hitherto in lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) due to their unique chemical and physical properties. Thus, the increasing scarcity of graphite resources makes smart recycling or repurposing of discarded graphite particularly imperative. However, the current recycling techniques still need to be improved upon with urgency. Herein a facile and efficient hydrometallurgical process is reported to...
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Dual functionality of amphiphilic 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate ionic liquids: surfactants with catalytic function
PublicationA series of amphiphilic 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate ionic liquids were synthesized. Acidic hydrogen sulfate ionic liquids with the alkyl chains C6–C14 are characterized by good surface properties. Their surface properties (adsorption and micellization parameters, degree of ionization of micelles, Krafft temperatures and thermodynamic parameters) were determined. Synthesized ionic liquids were applied as a co-catalyst...
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Superconductivity on a Bi Square Net in LiBi
PublicationWe present the crystallographic analysis, superconducting characterization and theoretical modeling of LiBi, that contains the lightest and the heaviest nonradioactive metal. The compound crystallizes in a tetragonal (CuAu-type) crystal structure with Bi square nets separated by Li planes (parameters a = 3.3636(1)Å and c = 4.2459(2) Å, c/a = 1.26). Superconducting state was studied in detail by magnetic susceptibility and heat...
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Exergy analysis of the Szewalski cycle with a waste heat recovery system
PublicationThe conversion of a waste heat energy to electricity is now becoming one of the key points to improve the energy efficiency in a process engineering. However, large losses of a low-temperature thermal energy are also present in power engineering. One of such sources of waste heat in power plants are exhaust gases at the outlet of boilers. Through usage of a waste heat regeneration system it is possible to attain a heat rate of approximately...
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A comprehensive review on Ginger (Zingiber officinale) as a potential source of nutraceuticals for food formulations: Towards the polishing of gingerol and other present biomolecules
PublicationCurrently, ginger is one the most consumed plants when dealing with the treatments of various illnesses. So far, it is known that various biologically active molecules, such as gingerols, shogaols and zingerone, among others, are the main responsible for specific biological activities, opening a new window for its utilization as a nutraceutical in foods. In pioneering extraction processes, solvent extraction has been initially...
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Interval incidence graph coloring
PublicationIn this paper we introduce a concept of interval incidence coloring of graphs and survey its general properties including lower and upper bounds on the number of colors. Our main focus is to determine the exact value of the interval incidence coloring number χii for selected classes of graphs, i.e. paths, cycles, stars, wheels, fans, necklaces, complete graphs and complete k-partite graphs. We also study the complexity of the...
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KTaO3-based nanocomposites for air treatment
PublicationA series of single semiconductors and their nanocomposites combination (such as KTaO3 + CdSe + SrTiO3; KTaO3 + CdS +WO3; KTaO3 + CdS + MoS2) were prepared using hydrothermal route. Photocatalytic activity of as-prepared nanocomposites was estimated by photocatalytic degradation of toluene in the gas phase using light-emitting diodes (LEDs, 375 nm) in four subsequent cycles. The nanocomposites were characterized by scanning electron...
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N-doped carbon materials as electrodes for highly stable supercapacitors
PublicationThis article reports a strategy to use nitrogen-doped carbon materials as electrodes for supercapacitors. Depending on the carbon precursor, the porous structure is changed with specific surface area reached up to 2270 m2 g−1. The capacitance of carbon materials used as electrodes is related strictly to pore size. The microstructure and nitrogen functionalities enable a high capacitance (327 F g−1) and cycle durability. The nanoporous...
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Global Surrogate Modeling by Neural Network-Based Model Uncertainty
PublicationThis work proposes a novel adaptive global surrogate modeling algorithm which uses two neural networks, one for prediction and the other for the model uncertainty. Specifically, the algorithm proceeds in cycles and adaptively enhances the neural network-based surrogate model by selecting the next sampling points guided by an auxiliary neural network approximation of the spatial error. The proposed algorithm is tested numerically...
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Ground Tire Rubber Modified by Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate Copolymer: Processing, Physico-Mechanical Properties, Volatile Organic Compounds Emission and Recycling Possibility
PublicationGround tire rubber (GTR) was reclaimed and modified with 10 phr of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer via low-temperature extrusion process. Processing, physico-mechanical properties, volatile organic compounds emission, and recycling possibility were investigated. In order to better understand the impact of used modifiers, their efficiency was compared with transpolyoctenamer, which is an additive that is commercially dedicated...
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Excitation of Non-Wave Modes by Sound of Arbitrary Frequency in a Chemically Reacting Gas
PublicationThe nonlinear phenomena in the field of high intensity sound propagating in a gas with a chemical reaction, are considered. A chemical reaction of A → B type is followed by dispersion and attenuation of sound which may be atypical during irreversible thermodynamic processes under some conditions. The first and second order derivatives of heat produced in the chemical reaction evaluated at the equilibrium temperature, density and...
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Stripe order and magnetic anisotropy in the S=1 antiferromagnet BaMoP2O8
PublicationMagnetic behavior of yavapaiite-type BaMoP2O8 with the spatially anisotropic triangular arrangement of the S=1Mo4+ ions is explored using thermodynamic measurements, neutron diffraction, and density-functional band-structure calculations. A broad maximum in the magnetic susceptibility around 46 K is followed by the stripe antiferromagnetic order with the propagation vector k=(12,12,12) formed below TN≃21 K. This stripe phase is...
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Low energy electron attachment to platinum(II) bromide (PtBr2)
PublicationtDissociative electron attachment to PtBr2in the gas phase was studied in the low electron energy rangefrom zero up to 10 eV with an energy resolution of 150 meV. The experiments were carried out using ahemispherical electron monochromator coupled with a quadrupole mass spectrometer and pulse count-ing acquisition system. The only anion observed was Br−. This ion is formed at three resonance electronenergies: 0.4 eV, 1.2 eV and...
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Instantaneous Heating and Cooling Caused by Periodic or Aperiodic Sound of Any Characteristic Duration in a Gas with Vibrational Relaxation
PublicationThermodynamic relaxation of internal degrees of a molecule's freedom in a gas occurs with some characteristic time. This makes wave processes in a gas behave differently depending on the ratio of characteristic duration of perturbations and the relaxation time. In particular, generation of the secondary non-wave modes by intense sound in a nonlinear flow dependens on frequency. These kinds of interaction are considered in this...
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Analysing selection of low-temperature medium for cogeneration micro power plant
PublicationThe article analyses the ORC system working with dry and wet low-boiling media which are most frequently used in installations of this type. Two types of cycles were examined, which were the cycle with heat regeneration for dry media: fc72, hfe7100, R227ea, R245fa, R423a and R600a, and the cycle without heat regeneration for wet media: R11, R12, R134a, R718 and 507a. The calculations were performed for the assumed required thermal...
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Global edge alliances in graphs
PublicationIn the paper we introduce and study a new problem of finding a minimum global edge alliance in a graph which is related to the global defensive alliance (Haynes et al., 2013; Hedetniemi, 2004) and the global defensive set (Lewoń et al., 2016). We proved the NP-completeness of the global edge alliance problem for subcubic graphs and we constructed polynomial time algorithms for trees. We found the exact values of the size of the...
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Analysing selection of low-temperature medium for cogeneration micro power plant
PublicationThe article analyses the ORC system working with dry and wet low-boiling media which are most frequently used in installations of this type. Two types of cycles were examined, which were the cycle with heat regeneration for dry media: fc72, hfe7100, R227ea, R245fa, R423a and R600a, and the cycle without heat regeneration for wet media: R11, R12, R134a, R718 and 507a. The calculations were performed for the assumed required thermal...
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The Effect of Water and Frost on Fatigue Life of Asphalt Concrete
PublicationThis paper presents testing of fatigue life of asphalt concrete that has been subjected to action of water and frost. Simulation of water and frost action was based on the original AASHTO T283 method and its modification. The original method was modified in such a way that instead of a single freeze-thaw cycle, 50 and 150 cycles were applied. Fatigue life was measured in the indirect tensile fatigue test in the Nottingham asphalt...
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Wybrane zagadnienia optymalizacji organizacji ruchu kolejowego w celu minimalizacji kosztów energii elektrycznej
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono podział kosztów w transporcie kolejowym z uwzględnieniem kosztów wewnętrznych przedsiębiorstwa, do których zaliczają się między innymi koszty dostępu do infrastruktury, czy koszty energii. Stwierdzono, że przy odpowiedniej organizacji ruchu pociągów na sieci kolejowej, bez ponoszenia dodatkowych nakładów na infrastrukturę i specjalistyczne urządzenia, można znacznie ograniczyć zużycie energii, a co za tym...
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Deep compaction control of sandy soils
PublicationVibroflotation, vibratory compaction, micro-blasting or heavy tamping are typical improvement methods for the cohesionless deposits of high thickness. The complex mechanism of deep soil compaction is related to void ratio decrease with grain rearrangements, lateral stress increase, prestressing effect of certain number of load cycles, water pressure dissipation, aging and other effects. Calibration chamber based interpretation...
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Measurements of the optical and thermal properties of the 2D black phosphorus coating
PublicationBlack phosphorus is a 2D material, which properties are still being discovered. In this paper, the sensitivity to the temperature of a few-layer black phosphorus coating deposited, on the surface of a microsphere-based fiber-optic sensor, by a dip-coating method is presented. The coating was investigated after 2, 3, and 5 deposition cycles and during temperature growth from 50 °C to 300 °C in an interferometric setup. The intensity...
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Hydrogen-enhanced degradation and oxide effects in zirconium alloys for nuclear applications
PublicationThe zirconium alloys used in nuclear industry include mainly ZreSn and ZreNb alloys ofdifferent chemical composition, microstructure and susceptibility to both hydrogendegradation and oxidation. The hypothetic nuclear accidents can create a real danger tothe Zr alloys and stability of parts made of these alloys, and especially such as loss ofcoolant accident (LOCA) and reactivity initiated accidents (RIA). The hydrogen degradationcan...
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Dynamics of Chains as a Tool to Study Thermomechanical Properties of Proteins.
PublicationPolymer dynamics can be formulated on different levels of detail. One approach eliminates microscopic degrees of freedom and a polymer molecule is represented by a simplified structure—a chain. In the simplest case monomers of ideal chain have fixed length, and their orientation is independent of the orientations and positions of neighbouring monomers. This is reason that two monomers can co-exist at the same place. Ideal chain...
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Removal efficiency of phenol by ozonation process with calcium peroxide from aqueous solutions
PublicationPhenol has been introduced as a priority pollutant by the US Environmental Protection Agency. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are one of the most efcient methods for removal of non-degradable organic pollutants in aqueous solutions. The removal efciencies of phenol and COD under optimal conditions pH=3, phenol concentration=5 mg/L, CaO2 concentration=0.025 mg/L, temperature 25 °C, 1 g/min ozonation rate and contact time=90...
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Thermal Biomass Conversion: A Review
PublicationIn this paper, the most important methods of thermal conversion of biomass, such as: hydrothermal carbonization (180–250 °C), torrefaction (200–300 °C), slow pyrolysis (carbonization) (300–450 °C), fast pyrolysis (500–800 °C), gasification (800–1000 °C), supercritical steam gasification, high temperature steam gasification (>1000 °C) and combustion, were gathered, compared and ranked according to increasing temperature. A comprehensive...
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A comprehensive review on current and emerging technologies toward the valorization of bio‐based wastes and by products from foods
PublicationIndustries in the agro-food sector are the largest generators of waste in the world. Agro-food wastes and by products originate from the natural process of senescence, pretreatment, handling, and manufacturing processes of food and beverage products. Notably, most of the wastes are produced with the transformation of raw materials (such as fruits, vegetables, plants, tubers, cereals, and dairy products) into different processed...
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Single-step grown boron doped nanocrystalline diamond-carbon nanograss hybrid as an efficient supercapacitor electrode
PublicationDirect synthesis of nano-structured carbon hybrid consisting of vertically aligned carbon nanograss on top of boron-doped nanocrystalline diamond is demonstrated and the carbon hybrid is further applied as an electrode material for the fabrication of supercapacitor. The hybrid film combines the dual advantages of sp2 (carbon nanograss) and sp3 (nanocrystalline diamond) bonded carbon, possessing not only the excellent electrical...
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In vitro biodegradation of bacterial nanocellulose under conditions simulating human plasma in the presence of selected pathogenic microorganisms
PublicationThe Biodegradability of bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) was assessed based on a change in its properties under conditions simulating human plasma in the presence or absence of the pathogens Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus. It was shown that the dry mass of BNC did not change during 6 months of incubation, except for samples stored in the presence of moulds, where the dry mass reduced by 40 %. The...
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POMERANIAN LANDSCAPES OF MODERNIST ZASPA. CONCEPTS OF REVITALISATION OF THE HOUSING ESTATE
PublicationZaspa is a neighbourhood in Gdansk with a long locational history and numerous build-ups. It is situated in a complex landscape between the coastal strip and moraine hills. The housing estates built here in the 1970s followed the postulates of modernist urbanism, ignoring the topographical and natural specifics and the regional heritage. The result was an ergonomic but anonymous space with many current strengths...
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The hat problem on a union of disjoint graphs
PublicationThe topic is the hat problem in which each of n players is randomly fitted with a blue or red hat. Then everybody can try to guess simultaneously his own hat color by looking at the hat colors of the other players. The team wins if at least one player guesses his hat color correctly, and no one guesses his hat color wrong; otherwise the team loses. The aim is to maximize the probability of winning. In this version every player...
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An Easy and Ecological Method of Obtaining Hydrated and Non-Crystalline WO3−x for Application in Supercapacitors
PublicationIn this work, we report the synthesis of hydrated and non-crystalline WO3 flakes (WO3−x) via an environmentally friendly and facile water-based strategy. This method is described, in the literature, as exfoliation, however, based on the results obtained, we cannot say unequivocally that we have obtained an exfoliated material. Nevertheless, the proposed modification procedure clearly affects the morphology of WO3 and leads to loss...