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Search results for: CHIP COMPRESSION RATIO
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Microwave assisted liquefaction with crude glycerol as a potential method of brewer's spent grain utylization
PublicationBrewer's spent grain was applied as a low-cost industrial type of lignocellulose biomass in a liquefaction and solvent: biomass ratio on the efficiency of the process, chemical structure and basic properties of obtained prepared polyols and soil residues shed light on the biomass degradation mechanism through application of microwaves and further reaction of degradation products with solvent particles.
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Bioactive core material for porous load-bearing implants
PublicationSo far state of knowledge on biodegradable materials is reviewed. Among a variety of investigated materials, those composed of polymers and ceramics may be considered as only candidates for a core material in porous titanium alloy. The collagen and chitosan among natural polymers, polyhydroxy acids among synthetic polymers, and hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate among ceramics are proposed for further research. Three essential...
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The influence of temperature on properties of the polymer flexible joint used for strengthening historical masonries
PublicationA new method of repairing damaged structures by filling the cracks with a specially prepared elastomeric polymer mass has been recently proposed. This new and innovative technique, known as the Flexible Joint Method (FJM), is mainly dedicated to masonries and historical objects, where minimum intervention is permitted. The flexible joint bonds the disrupted elements and ensures further safe exploitation of a damaged structure....
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An experimental study of self-sensing concrete enhanced with multi-wall carbon nanotubes in wedge splitting test and DIC
PublicationConcrete is the worldwide most utilized construction material because of its very good performance, forming ability, long-term durability, and low costs. Concrete is a brittle material prone to cracking. Extensive cracking may impact durability and performance over time considerably. The addition of a small amount of carbon nanotubes (CNT) increases the concrete’s overall electrical conductivity, enabling internal structure...
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Morphology and the physical and thermal properties of thermoplastic polyurethane reinforced with thermally reduced graphene oxide
PublicationIn this study, thermally reduced graphene oxide (TRG)-containing polyurethane nanocomposites were obtained by the extrusion method. The content of TRG incorporated into polyurethane elastomer systems equaled 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 wt%. The morphology, static and dynamic mechanical properties, and thermal stability of the modified materials were investigated. The application of TRG resulted in a visible increase in material stiffness...
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Joint fingerprinting and decryption method for color images based on quaternion rotation with cipher quaternion chaining
PublicationThis paper addresses the problem of unauthorized redistribution of multimedia content by malicious users (pirates). In this method three color channels of the image are considered a 3D space and each component of the image is represented as a point in this 3D space. The distribution side uses a symmetric cipher to encrypt perceptually essential components of the image with the encryption key and then sends the encrypted data via...
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THE INTERACTION BETWEEN STEEL COLUMN CHORD AND CLOSELY SPACED REINFORCEMENT.
PublicationNowadays, more often than before, civil engineering designers are willing to use steel build-up members composed of single or doubled cold-formed chords interconnected using different mechanical connectors. This paper subject is an analysis of cooperation of a closely spaced built-up cold-formed chord interconnected with series of bolts that are located along the length of the member in a specific spacing. This distance along the...
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Isothermal Calorimetry and Compressive Strength Tests of Mortar Specimens for Determination of Apparent Activation Energy
PublicationThe hydration process of cementitious materials involves a thermally activated reaction that depends on the composition of the mixture and the curing temperature. The main parameter affecting the temperature variation of cast-in-place concrete is the apparent activation energy, which can be used for the efficient prediction of the temperature evolution and maturity index of hardening concrete. This paper discusses two methods to...
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The AFM micrographs of isotropic etching silicon substrates (111)
Open Research DataThe DataSet contains the atomic force microscope images of isotropic etching silicon substrates (111). The silicon wafers were etched in a mixture of nitric acid, hydrofluoric acid, and acetic acid in the ratio of 40:1:15. The soaking time for the substrates was from 20 to 90 seconds
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Euilibrium composition of CH4-CO2-CO-H2-H2O-C system for CO2/H2/H2O methanation
Open Research DataThe equilibrium compositions of CH4, CO2, CO, H2, H2O and C under the methanation reaction of 1:2 CO:H2 syngas mixtures were supplied with this dataset
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Concept of Compatibility Region for the Evaluation of IR UWB Electromagnetic Compatibility
PublicationThis paper presents a new proposal for the unified evaluation of ultra wideband and narrowband radio communication systems electromagnetic compatibility, called “compatibility region”. The idea of compatibility region is based on the relation between the ratio of narrowband to ultra wideband signal power in a receiver and some transmission quality indicators (bit error rate, effective data rate).
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Narrowband Transmission Quality in Presence of Modified IEEE 802.15.4a Impulse Radio Interference
PublicationThis paper presents results of measurement of narrowband transmission quality in presence of impulse radio UWB interference. IEEE 802.15.4a UWB signal is being used as interferer, also with frame structure modifications which lead to change spectrum of the interference. Equations and coefficients which allow to calculate ratio between power of useful and interference signal are also presented.
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Detection and Mitigation of GPS Spoofing Based on Antenna Array Processing
PublicationIn this article authors present an application of spatial processing methods for GPS spoofing detection and mitigation. In the first part of this article, a spoofing detection method, based on phase delay measurements, is proposed. Accuracy and precision of phase delay estimation is assessed for various qualities of received signal. Spoofing detection thresholds are determined. Efficiency of this method is evaluated in terms of...
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Blended natural and synthetic coagulants for the COD and BOD removal from surface water; optimization by response surface methodology: The case of Gibe river
PublicationA novel wastewater treatment method is presented in this study. It combines natural coagulants derived from watermelon seeds with the commonly used synthetic coagulant alum. This research demonstrates a remarkable synergy between these two coagulants in removing nutrients from Gibe River wastewater. Combining natural and chemical coagulants often improves water treatment by enhancing particle destabilization, accelerating floc...
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Modeling N2O behavior during denitrification with different carbon sources and electron acceptors
PublicationA mathematical model was developed for identification of the most important mechanism leading to nitrous oxide (N2O) accumulation in denitrifying activated sludge systems. The activated sludge model No. 2d (ASM2d) was extended to include intermediate three steps of the denitrification process. The formation and accumulation of nitric oxide (NO) was assumed to be very low in the performed laboratory experiments. These experiments...
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Euilibrium composition of CH4-CO2-CO-H2-H2O system for CO2/H2/H2O methanation
Open Research DataThe equilibrium compositions of CH4, CO2, CO, H2, H2O without C under the methanation reaction of 1:2 CO:H2 syngas mixtures were supplied with this dataset
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Enhanced-Performance Circularly Polarized MIMO Antenna with Polarization/Pattern Diversity
PublicationDesign of a compact wideband circularly polarized (CP) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna with polarization diversity is proposed and characterized for off-body communication. The antenna is based on a simple coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed monopole extension of the microstrip line. The orthogonal field components required by CP are induced using a simply modified right/left side ground plane. In particular, a stub extending...
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Influence of the boron doping level on the electrochemical oxidation of the azo dyes at Si/BDD thin film electrodes
PublicationIn this study the efficiency of electrochemical oxidation of aromatic pollutants, such as reactive dyes, at boron-doped diamond on silicon (Si/BDD) electrodes was investigated. The level of [B]/[C] ratio which is effective for the degradation and mineralization of selected aromatic pollutants, and the impact of [B]/[C] ratio on the crystalline structure, layer conductivity and relative sp3/sp2 coefficient of a BDD electrode were...
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Influence of the boron doping level on the electrochemical oxidation of raw landfill leachates: advanced pre-treatment prior to the biological nitrogen removal
PublicationThe electrochemical oxidative treatment of landfill leachates (LLs) containing high amounts of ammonia nitrogen and organic matter was used as a promising method, prior to biological processes, to achieve the final effluent quality that would be acceptable by current regulations. The deposited boron-doped diamond electrodes (BDDs) with different boron doping concentrations (10000, 5000 and 500 ppm of B) were applied as anodes....
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WYDATKI INWESTYCYJNE WOJEWÓDZTW SAMORZĄDOWYCH PO WPROWADZENIU INDYWIDUALNEGO WSKAŹNIKA ZADŁUŻENIA
PublicationOkreślenie dopuszczalnego poziomu zadłużenia jest ważną kwestią dla każdej jednostki samorządu terytorialnego w Polsce, a jej ranga jeszcze rośnie, jeśli samorząd odczuwa silną presję na dbanie o rozwój obszaru, na którym funkcjonuje, borykając się równocześnie z niedostatkiem dochodów. Taka sytuacja dotyczy większości województw samorządowych, które spośród wszystkich szczebli struktury samorządowej...
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Effect of Soft Handover on the Capacity of WCMDA/FDD Interfece Using MRC RAKE Receiver in Uplink
PublicationIn the paper the mechanism of soft and hard hanover in UMTS is presented. Simulation tests for different services having various performance requirements and transmission rates have beeen made. Simulation results showing effect of soft handover in comparison with hard handover on the capacity of WCMDA/FDD radio interfaceare described, when the RAKE receiver with Maximal Ratio Combining has been implemented in RNC.
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Methods for physical impairment constrained routing with selected protection in all-optical networks
PublicationIn this paper, we investigate the problem of survivable all-optical routing in WDM networks with physical impairments. One of the recent key issues in survivable optical network design refers to maximization of the ratio of routeable demands while keeping the overall network cost low. In WDM networks, this goal can be achieved by routing as many demands in all-optical way as possible. Based on the latest technical trends driven...
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EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION ON SPECIMEN GEOMETRY EFFECT ON THE CTOD VALUE FOR VL-E36 SHIPBUILDING STEEL
PublicationThere are special cases in the marine industry, where additional material tests, such as the fracture toughness test, must be performed. Additional fracture toughness tests, such as CTOD (Crack Tip Opening Displacement), are typically performed on three-point bend specimens. The dimension that defines all the specimen dimensions is the thickness of the material to be tested. It is recommended by classification societies (e.g. DNVGL)...
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Copolymerization of Styrene and Pentadecylphenylmethacrylate (PDPMA): Synthesis, Characterization, Thermomechanical and Adhesion Properties
PublicationThe copolymerization of styrene (St) with a bioderived monomer, pentadecylphenylmethacrylate (PDPMA), via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) was studied in this work.The copolymerization reactivity ratio was calculated using the composition data obtained from1HNMR spectroscopy, applying Kelen-Tudos and Finemann-Ross methods. The reactivity ratio of styrene (r1=0.93) and PDPMA (r2=0.05) suggested random copolymerization...
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Fracture Areas Quantitative Investigating of Bending-Torsion Fatigued Low-Alloy High-Strength Steel
PublicationIn this study, the impact of pseudo-random non-proportional bending-torsion fatigue loadings proportion on the fatigue life and the fracture surface topography was analyzed. Investigation was carried out for 24 specimens made of S355J2 steel with 11 different ratios of maximum stresses λ. For these cases, after the fatigue tests, the surface topography measurements were carried out using an optical profilometer, using the focus...
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Zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-8) modified cellulose acetate NF membranes for potential water treatment application
PublicationIn this study, cellulose acetate (CA)-based nanofiltration membranes, modified with zeolitic imidazole framework-8 (ZIF-8) particles, were prepared with various ZIF-8 contents (0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 wt%), to obtain membranes with improved flux and filtration performance by combining advantages of CA polymer and ZIF-8 metal-organic frameworks. Removal efficiency studies were carried out with bovine serum albumin and two different...
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Effective Friction Angle Of Deltaic Soils In The Vistula Marshlands
PublicationThis article presents the results of laboratory tests on soft, normally consolidated soils from the Vistula Marshlands. Samples of high-plasticity organic soils (muds) taken from 3.2–4.0 m and 9.5–10.0 m depth, as well as peat deposit at 14.0 m, are analysed. Presented case study confirms the applicability of the Norwegian Institute of Technology (NTH) method based on Cone Penetration Tests (CPTU) and allows for a conservative...
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The influence of reinforcement on load carrying capacity and cracking of the reinforced concrete deep beam joint
PublicationThe paper presents the results of experimental research of the spatial reinforced concrete deep beam systems orthogonally reinforced and with additional inclined bars. Joint of the deep beams in this research was composed of the longitudinal deep beam with a cantilever suspended at the transversal deep beam. The cantilever deep beam was loaded throughout the depth and the transversal deep beam was loaded at the mid-span by longitudinal...
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On Symmetry of Uniform and Preferential Attachment Graphs
PublicationMotivated by the problem of graph structure compression under realistic source models, we study the symmetry behavior of preferential and uniform attachment graphs. These are two dynamic models of network growth in which new nodes attach to a constant number m of existing ones according to some attachment scheme. We prove symmetry results for m=1 and 2 , and we conjecture that for m≥3 , both models yield asymmetry with high...
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The Influence of Water and Mineral Oil on Pressure Losses in Hydraulic Motor
PublicationIn this paper, pressure losses in hydraulic motor supplied with water and mineral oil (two liquids that have significantly different viscosity and lubricating properties) are described and compared. The experimental tests were conducted using a hydraulic satellite motor that is dedicated to working with different liquids, including water. The methodology of measuring the pressure drop in internal channels of this motor is also...
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Influence of Properties of Hydraulic Fluid on Pressure Peaks in Axial Piston Pumps’ Chambers
PublicationThe article concentrates on the research of the pressure peaks in a working chamber of an axial piston pump. The main focus of the article is the influence of fluid properties on the pressure peaks value. Experimental and analytical methods were used to determine the impact of the fluid density, viscosity, compressibility and aeration. The article describes the pressure peak generation process and explains the theoretical basis...
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Seismic pounding behavior of multi-story buildings in series considering the effect of infill panels
PublicationThe aim of the present paper is to study the influence of the infill panels on the seismic pounding response of adjacent structures in series. The contribution of the masonry infill has been simulated using equivalent diagonal compression struts. Steel frames have been assumed to have elastic-plastic behavior with 1% linear strain hardening. The dynamic contact analysis has been utilized where contact surface model (target and...
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Direct reduction of pellets through hydrogen: Experimental and model behaviour
PublicationThis paper presents the hydrogen reduction behaviour of industrial pellets designed for the efficient hydrogen based direct reduction. The pellets were provided with very low non ferrous oxides percentage (0.52 of basicity index) and with the absence on TiO2 oxides. The pellets measured diameters in the range 1.14–1.72 cm and were characterized in terms of porosity, pores size, tortuosity and compression strength. The pellets were...
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Numerical analysis on axial capacity of steel built-up battened columns
PublicationThis paper deals with the numerical analysis aimed at study the bearing capacity of pinended steel built-up columns under axial compression. Finite element (FE) models were performed for the columns presented in the literature. The main problem discussed in the article is the shape and magnitude of geometric imperfections introduced into the numerical FE model, necessary to obtain the load capacity consistent with the experimental...
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Modelling of shear zones during quasi-static granular silo flow using material point method (MPM)
PublicationThe paper focuses on confined silo flow of cohesionless sand. The problem considered is a quasi-static flow in a plane strain model silo with parallel walls simulated with the material point method (MPM). The simulation used a non-local hypoplastic constitutive model. Initially, the paper validated the implemented numerical approach with basic element tests and a plane strain compression test. The subsequent MPM calculations for...
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Innovative method of localization airplanes in VCS (VCS-MLAT) distributed system
PublicationThe article presents the concept and the structure of the localization module. The prototype module is the part of the VCS (VCS-MLAT) localization distributed system. The device receives the audio signal transmitted in airplanes band (118 MHz – 136 MHz). Received data with the timestamps are send to the main server. The data from multiple devices estimates the localization of the airplane. The main aim of the project is the analysis...
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Economical wood sawing with circular saw blades of a new design (Ekonomicno piljenje drva kruznom pilom novog dezajna)
PublicationMaterial-saving and energy-saving belong to the basic requirements imposed on contemporary manufacturing processes. The realization of these processes gives measurable profi ts, not only economical butalso ecological. In the case of wood sawing with circular saw blades, material- and energy-savings are dependent on total overall set of teeth (theoretical kerf) and teeth position accuracy in relation to the workpiece. Hence, it...
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Thermal self-action effects for acoustic beams containing fronts in a Maxwell relaxing fluid
PublicationThis paper examines the thermal self-action of acoustic beams in a Maxwell relaxing fluid. This type of thermal self-action differs from that in a Newtonian fluid and behaves differently depending on a ratio of sound period and time of thermodynamic relaxation. The self-action which relates to sound beams containing shock fronts is also discussed. In addition, stationary and non-stationary types of self-action are considered.
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EFFECT OF ANTIOXIDANTS ON THE STABILITY OF PITCH- BASED POLYMER TO THERMO-OXIDATIVE ACTION
PublicationThe influence of stabilizers – hydrogen donors – on the processes of thermooxidative destruction of pitch-based polymer has been investigated. It is shown that Irganox has not stabilizing effect on pitch-based polymer and melamine slightly retards the destructive process. A mixture of melamine and Irganox exhibits synergetic stabilizing effect and at the optimum ratio it can be used to prevent unwanted thermooxidative processes...
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Kształtowanie wartości wskaźników wspomagania finan-sowego przez ponadprzeciętnie rentowne MSP w okresie dobrej i złej koniunktury gospodarczej
PublicationW artykule porównano kształtowanie wartości wskaźników z obszaru wspomagania finansowego przez ponadprzeciętnie rentowne MSP w okresie dobrej i złej koniunktury gospodarczej. Celem przeprowadzonych badań było ponadto zaproponowanie przedziałów wartości rekomendowanych dla wskaźników z obszaru wspomagania finansowego, z osobna dla okresu dobrej jak i złej koniunktury gospodarczej. W trakcie przepro-wadzonych badań uwzględniono...
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Kształtowanie wartości wskaźników płynności finansowej przez ponadprzeciętnie rentowne MSP w okresie dobrej i złej koniunktury gospodarczej
Publication: W artykule porównano kształtowanie wartości wskaźników z obszaru płynności finansowej przez ponadprzeciętnie rentowne MSP w okresie dobrej i złej koniunktury gospodarczej. Celem przeprowadzonych badań było ponadto zaproponowanie przedziałów wartości rekomendowanych dla wskaźników z obszaru płynności finansowej z osobna dla okresu dobrej, jak i złej koniunktury gospodarczej. W trakcie przeprowadzonych badań uwzględniono 67 317...
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Investigation on domestic fruits seed oils in personal care emulsion systems
PublicationThe use of fruit seed oils in personal care products is of significance to both their function and image. Poland is an important processor of fruit products within the EU, and thus has a large availability of seeds from domestic fruits, which are normally considered to be a waste material. Unfortunately, current literature is scarce of the suitability of these oils for topical use in the form of cosmetic emulsions. Published data...
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A method of nonlinearities of transformer no-load characteristic modelling
PublicationA way in which changes of the no-load characteristic are taken into account in the mathematical model of the transformer is presented. Changes of saturation within core of transformer are presented as a combined non-linear flux curve. Analysis of magnetization of the transformer core and simulation of no-load state for distribution transformer of 30 kVA power rating and 15.75/0.4 kV/kV (especially supplying VLV) transformation...
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Deep eutectic solvents based highly efficient extractive desulfurization of fuels – Eco-friendly approach
PublicationThe developed process is based on alternative, green and cheap solvents for efficient desulfurization of fuels. Several deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were successfully synthesized and studied as extraction solvents for desulfurization of model fuel containing thiophene (T), benzothiophene (BT) and dibenzothiophene (DBT). The most important extraction parameters (i.e. kind of DES, DES: fuel volume ratio, hydrogen bond acceptor:...
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A Broadband Circularly Polarized Wide-Slot Antenna with a Miniaturized Footprint
PublicationThis letter presents a novel and simple feeding technique for exciting orthogonal components in a wide-slot antenna. In this technique, a rectangular bracket-shape parasitic strip is placed at the open end of the straight microstrip line to excite the fundamental horizontal and vertical components of the circular polarization (CP). The proposed technique—when employed in conjunction with the asymmetrical geometry of coplanar waveguide...
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Assessment of FSW Welds Made of Aluminum Alloy AW7075-T651.
PublicationThis paper summarizes the results of experimental studies in which the aluminum alloy AW7075-T651 was friction stir welded (FSW) using various combinations of process parameters (rotational - R and travel speed - T). Mechanical properties of the test welds were assessed by using static tensile test and Vickers hardness measurement. The temperature of the welded plates was monitored during welding by means of thermocouples placed...
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Thermo-Chemical Decomposition Study of Polyurethane Elastomer Through Glycerolysis Route with Using Crude and Refined Glycerine as a Transesterification Agent
PublicationDue to the increasing amount of polyurethane waste, chemical recycling of these materials is a topic of growing interest for many researchers. The primary pur- pose of polyurethane feedstock recycling is to recover the starting polyol. In this study glycerolysis using glycerine from two sources and two purity grades is proposed as a method of chemical recycling. The main effort of this paper focuses on the employment of commercial...
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Nitrogen mass balance and mathematical model of a Structured- Bed Reactor (SBRRIA)
PublicationAn up-flow structured-bed reactor subjected to recirculation and intermittent aeration (SBRRIA) was operated under varying influent conditions. The influent COD/N ratio was adjusted by maintaining a stable organic loading rate (average of 1.07 kgCOD m-3 d-1) and changing the nitrogen loading rate from 0.1 to 0.4 kg N m-3. Therefore, three different COD/N ratios were tested: 9.7±1 (Scenario 1); 7.6±1 (Scenario 2) and 2.9±1 (Scenario...
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Effect of the ionic liquids on extraction of aromatic and sulfur compounds from the model petrochemical stream
PublicationSuitability of a imidazolium ionic liquids (ILs) as solvents in dearomatization and desulfurization in the ternary systems and in a model multicomponent systems has been analyzed. With this aim, ternary liquid-liquid phase equilibrium data (LLE) have been obtained for ternary mixtures of {IL + benzene, or toluene, or thiophene, or 2-butanethiol + hexane}, or {IL + benzene + 2-methylpentane} at T = 298.15 K and ambient pressure,...
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Experimental tuning of AuAg nanoalloy plasmon resonances assisted by machine learning method
PublicationPlasmonic nanostructures based on AuAg nanoalloys were fabricated by thermal annealing of metallic films in an argon atmosphere. The nanoalloys were chosen because they can extend the wavelength range in which plasmon resonance occurs and thus allow the design of plasmonic platforms with the desired parameters. The influence of initial fabrication parameters and experimental conditions on the formation of nanostructures was investigated....