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Search results for: FUEL
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Analiza przestrzenna sprzedaży paliw
PublicationZe względu na zmieniające się warunki i niepewność ekonomiczną gospodarowania, przeprowadzane badania dotyczące popytu na paliwa płynne dotyczą głównie zmian popytu w czasie, rzadziej w przestrzeni. Jednak rozwój narzędzi ekonometrycznych, który dokonał się w latach dziewięćdziesiątych, umożliwił nie tylko badania zmian popytu wynikające ze związków przyczynowo-skutkowych zachodzących w czasie, ale również w przestrzeni oraz w...
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An interactive system for remote modeling and design validation of hybrid photovoltaic systems
PublicationIn the paper a multi-functional demonstrator of the interactive system designed to modeling, monitoring and validation of hybrid photovoltaic systems assisted by fuel cells and thermoelectric generators is presented. The purpose of this paper is to report the system solution expressed in the form of a block diagram. Technical parameters of demonstrator components such as: silicon photovoltaic modules, fuel cells, thermoelectric...
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Local atomic order in low Pt-content nanocatalysts investigated in situ by XAS
PublicationThe unique features of X-ray absorption spectroscopy allow investigations of nanosized catalysts for fuel cells under working conditions. We present the results of an experiment carried out on a low Pt content electrocatalyst supported by a mesoporous heteropolyacid salt and used at the cathode of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The analysis of the EXAFS signal at the Pt L3-edge indicates that upon operating the fuel...
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ANALYSIS OF DIESEL OIL SPECIFIC HEAT IMPACT FOR OPERATION OF THE SUPPLY PUMP
PublicationThe article describes a test rig that allows the measurement of fuel oil specific heat changes based on the cooling time of liquids. After that, by analysing the test results, a research hypothesis was created and verified. The hypothesis is that the specific heat energy of fuel oil impact the operation of the circulation pump.
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Experimental determination of general characteristic of internal combustion engine using mobile test bench connected via Power Take-Off unit
PublicationThe general characteristics of the engine include information about the regions of the engine's operating area that are most efficient, where specific fuel consumption reaches the smallest values. Economic operation based on those characteristics can contribute to a significant reduction of fuel consumption and consequently less pollutant emissions and lower costs. The paper presents an experimental method of determination of general...
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Thermal failure of a second rotor stage in heavy duty gas turbine
PublicationThe impulse mode of operation and the supply of various types of fuels causes frequent failures even in the heavy duty gas turbines. The paper presents the ravages of second rotor stage failure in a gas turbine. The excessive thermal elongation rise caused by fuel change was indicated as the main cause. We applied nonlinear numerical analysis, preceded by thermodynamic calculations of the turbine and visual inspection of the effects...
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HYBRID ENERGY SYSTEM FOR A CLASSIC SHIP POWER PLANT
PublicationThe article presents a brief overview of hybrid energy systems used on ships. The area of their application is outlined. The benefits of using such systems are also indicated. Then, the classic ship power plant is defined. The most important part of the article is a proposal how to modify a classic engine room by using a hybrid energy system. The idea is: to accumulate a part of electricity in areas where it is allowed to burn...
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Carbon dioxide potential reduction using Start-Stop system in a car
PublicationOperating fuel consumption increases significantly when the vehicle stops frequently while driving or when the engine is idling during braking. In such cases, the internal combustion engine consumes the fuel but the mechanical energy is not used by the drive system. The amount of fuel that is consumed in this time by the engine can potentially be saved if the car is equipped with a Stop-Start system. Start-Stop system automatically...
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Wpływ parametrów strugi paliwa wtryskiwanego do cylindra silnika okrętowego na początkową fazę rozpylania
PublicationPrzedmiotem rozprawy jest analiza procesu wtrysku oleju napędowego do cylindra silnika okrętowego z zapłonem samoczynnym i bezpośrednim wtryskiem paliwa. Analiza tego zagadnienia została przeprowadzona w aspekcie wpływu makro parametrów strugi na początkową fazę rozpylania oleju napędowego. Celem niniejszej pracy jest określenie wpływu współczynnika L/D (długość otworu/średnica) otworu wylotowego wtryskiwacza na zmianę charakterystyki...
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Numerical modeling of the combustion in a lab-scale pulverized-coal fired combustion chamber
PublicationThis work presents results of numerical modeling of the combustion process inside a lab-scale drop-tube chamber, designed to investigate the slagging properties of the flue ashes, created through the solid fuel firing. Interaction between turbulence and chemistry is accounted by use of probability density function (PDF). FLUENT inputs for non-premixed combustion chemistry modeling are defined. A discrete second phase of the coal...
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Numerical modeling of the combustion in a lab-scale pulverized-coal fired combustion chamber
PublicationThis work presents results of numerical modeling of the combustion process inside a lab-scale drop-tube chamber, designed to investigate the slagging properties of the flue ashes, created through the solid fuel firing. Interaction between turbulence and chemistry is accounted by use of probability density function (PDF). FLUENT inputs for non-premixed combustion chemistry modeling are defined. A discrete second phase of the coal...
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INVESTIGATIONS OF THE LABORATORY FARYMANN DIESEL ENGINE D10 TYPE BY MEANS OF A LANGMUIR PROBE
PublicationA precise determination of the crankshaft angular position, at which fuel ignition occurs in the SI engine, enables credible diagnosis of the technical state of its working space as well as of the fuel feed system. An observation of the Langmuir probe signal provides entirely new possibilities for engine diagnostics. The probe is introduced into the working space of a cylinder through its indicator valve. This paper presents the...
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Comparative study of operation of condensing and traditional boilers equipped with the ORC module for electricity generation
PublicationCondensing technology applied to boilers is to make full use of thermal energy contained in the fuel. That means that additionaly the heat from condensation of exhaust gases can be used for the purposes of heating the domestic hot water and to cover the demand for central heating. The study analyzed the operation of the "traditional" boiler equipped with the ORC module as the similar arrangement but with the condensing boiler....
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Materials for Mediator-free Electron Transfer in the Enzymatic Electrodes of Biobatteries and Biofuel Cells
PublicationWe present functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and their application in the enzymatic fuel cells construction. SWCNTs were covalently modified with different types of aromatic moieties. Free radical reaction was employed to create direct carbon-carbon bond between moiety and SWCNTs. In second approach functionalization takes place through amide bonding. Functionalized SWCNTs were characterized by spectroscopy...
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Wodór jako paliwo cz. 1
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono wodór jako nowoczesny nośnik energii oraz jego zastosowanie techniczne w ujęciu konwersji energii. Przybliżono jego odkrycie, właściwości oraz jego wykorzystanie od odkrycia do współczesności. Dokonano opisu budowy i zasady działania ogniw paliwowych. Omówiono ich podział przedstawiając zalety i wady każdego rozwiązania oraz ich zastosowanie techniczne w zależności od typu ogniwa.
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Możliwości redukcji przebiegowego zużycia paliwa przy zastosowaniu elektronicznych systemów wspomagających kierowców
PublicationElektroniczne systemy wspomagające kierowcę pomagają kierującym kontrolować sytuację na drodze, przekazują sygnały do układu hamulcowego i napędowego, rozpoznają znaki drogowe, pozwalają utrzymać odpowiedni dystans w czasie jazdy w kolumnie, a także kontrolują położenie pojazdu na pasie ruchu. Elek-troniczne systemy wspomagające kierowcę pomagają również zmniejszyć przebiegowe zużycie paliwa, poprzez odpowiednie sterowanie układem...
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Methods of liquid biofuels production - the bioethanol example.
PublicationEthanol is used in chemical and food industry, mainly either in the synthesis or as a solvent. The newest application of ethanol is as a fuel. This alcohol, produced on an industrial scale from crop waste, is widely known under the name bioethanol. It could be used as a fuel by itself or in a mixture with gasoline. Today, there are several technologies for bioethanol production known. The relatively simple method of obtaining bioethanol...
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METHODS OF LIQUID BIOFUEL PRODUCTION – THE BIOETHANOL EXAMPLE
PublicationEthanol is used in chemical and food industry, mainly either in the synthesis or as a solvent. The newest application of ethanol is as a fuel. This alcohol, produced on an industrial scale from crop waste, is widely known under the name bioethanol. It could be used as a fuel by itself or in a mixture with gasoline. Today, there are several technologies for bioethanol production known. The relatively simple method of obtaining bioethanol...
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Influence of Different Biofuels on the Efficiency of Gas Turbine Cycles for Prosumer and Distributed Energy Power Plants
PublicationThe efficiency of a gas turbine can be affected by the use of different biofuels usually with a relatively Lower Heating Value (LHV). The paper evaluates the impact of calorific value of fuel on turbine performance and analyzes the possibilities of optimizing turbine construction from the point of view of maximum efficiency for a particular fuel. The several variants of design of small power microturbines dedicated to various biofuels...
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Ocena wpływu dawki DME na wybrane wskaźniki procesu spalania w dwupaliwowym silniku o zapłonie samoczynnym
PublicationPrzedmiotem rozprawy jest analiza wpływu różnej ilości odparowanego DME wprowadzonego do kolektora dolotowego na wybrane wskaźniki spalania DME/ON dla wielu punktów pracy, turbodoładowanego silnika o zapłonie samoczynnym. Jako punkty pracy silnika, wybrano punkty najbardziej reprezentujące cykl jazdy WLTP dla samochodu Volkswagen Golf IV. Analizę procesu współspalania przeprowadzono z wykorzystaniem danych pomiarowych, uzyskanych...
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Recent advances in hydrogen production from biomass waste with a focus on pyrolysis and gasification
PublicationThis paper presents the results research on the optimal fuel compositions and the control parameters of the spark ignition engine fueled with syngas-biogas-hydrogen for the purpose of setting up a flexible electronic control unit for the engine working in a solar-biomass hybrid renewable energy system. In syngas-biogas-hydrogen mixture, the optimal content of hydrogen and biogas is 20% and 30%, respectively. Exceeding these thresholds,...
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Napęd z silnikiem indukcyjnym i 4-gałęziowym falownikiem SiC do turbosprężarek powietrza ogniw paliwowych dużej mocy
PublicationWysoka cena ogniw paliwowych utrudnia ich szerokie zastosowanie w transporcie i przemyśle. Należy szukać możliwości obniżenia ich kosztu również poprzez obniżenie kosztu i zwiększenie wydajności urządzeń pomocniczych ogniwa paliwowego (Balance of the Plant). Autorzy proponują aby w napędzie sprężarki powietrza, zastosować wysokoobrotowy silnik indukcyjny, który jest tańszy od stosowanych obecnie silników PMSM. W referacie zaproponowano...
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Pollutants in Airport Runoff Waters
PublicationRunoff waters from airport areas constitute a serious environmentalproblem. It is essential to monitor levels of pollutants emitted intothe environment and measure their toxicity on a continuous basis.The authors' aim was to critically review data on pollution fromaviation fuel combustion, aviation fuel spillage, the washing andcleaning of aircraft and airport service equipment, and the useof de-/anti-icing agents published in...
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Methods of Tire Rolling Resistance Measurements
PublicationTire rolling resistance is one of the factors related to tire/road interaction that has important influence on road vehicles performance. Raising fuel price and increased concern related to the environmental changes result in growing interest in reduction of tire rolling resistance that influences fuel consumption, especially in free-flowing highway traffic with moderate speeds. There are several methods of tire rolling resistance measurements....
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Technical evaluation of marine auxiliary diesel engine on the basis of parameters synchronous generator
PublicationThe article presents a method for evaluating the technical condition of selected structural elements of the reciprocating internal combustion engine driving a synchronous generator. Th results of measurements of the electric generator parameters are the diagnostic information source. On this basis it is possible to determine the instantaneous angular speed marine engine crankshaft which, in turn, is the basis for reasoning about...
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Comparative study of operation of condensing and traditional boilers equipped with ORC module for electricity generation
PublicationThe study analyzed the operation of the "traditional" boiler equipped with the ORC module as the similar arrangement but with the condensing boiler. In the case of a conventional boiler there is noted a greater fuel consumption and the greater power generated than in the case of the unit with the condensing boiler. Postulated is the indicator in the form of a ratio of turbine power to the mass flow rate of fuel, which in turn gives...
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Profitability criteria of partial cogeneration in nuclear power plant.
PublicationIn this paper, profitability criteria and calculation methodology of profitability conditions for partial cogeneration in nuclear power plant (NPP) was presented. Considered NPP supplies electricity to consumers through public power system, whereas heat is expected to be supplied to consumption regions via long-distance heat transport line. First proposed profitability criterion was total annual costs of electricity and heat delivered...
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TEST FOR ASSESSING THE ENERGY EFFICIENCY OF VEHICLES WITH INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
PublicationThe most popular method for assessing the energy efficiency of vehicles is to compare the fuel consumption achieved in the conditions of selected approval test. Operating conditions are defined using the speed profiles, usually for only two categories: urban and extra-urban driving. Assessing the energy efficiency of vehicles should be performed using a more detailed classification of conditions. Presented results of comparison...
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Correlation between partial inhibition of hydrogen evolution using thiourea and catalytic activity of AB5-type hydrogen storage alloy towards borohydride electrooxidation
PublicationDirect borohydride fuel cells (DBFCs) are devices which directly convert the chemical energy stored in the borohydride ion and oxidant into electrical energy as a result of redox reactions. Unfortunately, a significant amount of fuel is lost as a result of the undesirable hydrolysis reaction. The selection of an efficient borohydride hydrolysis inhibitor requires detailed knowledge regarding the interaction mechanism between the...
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Rapeseed oil methyl ester production in an individual household
PublicationFatty acid methyl esters, commonly known as biodiesel, are a cheap and environmental-friendly fuel substitute for diesel engines. Aside from industrial production, individual biodiesel manufacturing is also and important method of fulfilling the requirements of EU Parliament directive no. 2003/30/WE about supporting the use of renewable fuels in transport. Individual FAME production guarantees easy access to the main raw material...
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Fe local structure in Pt-free nitrogen-modified carbon based electrocatalysts: XAFS study
PublicationThe paper presents a new results on the bonding environment (coordination number and geometry) and on oxidation states of Fe in nitrogen-modified Fe/C composites used as Pt-free catalysts for oxygen reduction in Direct Hydrogen Fuel Cells. Starting from glucose or fructose, two catalysts displaying different electrochemical performance were prepared and studied in the form of pristine powder and thin catalytic layer of electrode...
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Nowa metoda optymalizacji pracy ogniw paliwowych.
PublicationPrzedstawiono dynamiczną technikę impedancją jako doskonałe narzędzie służące do określenia optymalnych warunków pracy ogniw paliwowych. Możliwości tej techniki zostały przedstawione na przykładzie ustalenia optymalnej temperatury pracy. Otrzymane wyniki zostały skonfrontowane z charakterystykami prądowo napięciowymi ogniwa.
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The comparison of SrTi0.98Nb0.02O3–δ-CeO2 and SrTi0.98Nb0.02O3–δ-YSZ composites for use in SOFC anodes
PublicationComposites of Nb-doped strontium titanate mixed with yttria-stabilized zirconia or cerium oxide in 50:50, 70:30 and 85:15 weight ratios were evaluated as possible anode/electrolyte interface materials for solid oxide fuel cells in terms of chemical compatibility, electrical conductivity and mechanical properties. It has been shown that composite samples prepared by typical powder-mixing methods remain single-phase up to 1400°C....
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Określenie zawartości lotnych kwasów tłuszczowych (LKT) w odciekach pochodzących z mikrobiologicznej degradacji monosacharydów
PublicationOkreślenie zawartości lotnych kwasów tłuszczowych (LKT) w odciekach pochodzących z mikrobiologicznej degradacji monosacharydów. Milena Jabłońska, Maria Rybarczyk, Marta Wisielewska, Marek Lieder Politechnika Gdańska, Wydział Chemiczny, Katedra Technologii Chemicznej Zawartość lotnych kwasów tłuszczowych (LKT) w metabolitach pochodzących z mikrobiologicznego ogniwa paliwowego (MFC – Microbial Fuel Cell) świadczy o rozkładzie...
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Exergetic Analysis of the nCO2PP Cycle with Particular Reference to the Exergy Destruction of Sewage Sludge Due to Gasification
PublicationAn exergy analysis is carried out on the negative CO2 emission gas power plant (nCO2PP), which integrates the process sections of fuel preparation, power generation and carbon capture. Processes of exergy destruction are studied with particular focus on the process in the gasification unit of the fuel preparation section, where a large amount of exergy is destroyed in various chemical reactions from sewage sludge to producer gas...
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HIERARCHICAL CYCLES IN MODERN POWER SYSTEMS – EXERGY ANALYSIS UNDER PART LOADS
PublicationThe aim of the paper is to investigate thermodynamic efficiency of advanced hierarchic power cyclesunder partial loads by using of exergy analyze. Advanced hierarchical power systems arecomposed of few energy conversion cycles, most common are steam and gas cycles in various configurations, but they may contain fuel cells, ORC, lithium bromide absorption chillers and others. Moreover hierarchical cycles can be powered by several...
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Analiza warunków pracy silnika spalinowego lokomotywy na biegu jałowym
PublicationW trakcie eksploatacji lokomotyw z silnikami spalinowymi obserwowany jest znaczny udział pracy silnika spalinowego w stanie biegu jałowego. Dlatego też średnia wartość strumienia paliwa zużywanego przez silnik spalinowy lokomotywy w tym stanie będzie miała istotny wpływ na efektywność energetyczną układu napędowego. Wyznaczaniu wartości tego parametru musi towarzyszyć jednoznaczna klasyfikacja warunków pracy układu napędowego lokomotywy....
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High temperature corrosion resistance of porous hastelloy alloy
PublicationTo further understand the suitability of Ni-Cr-base alloy for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), a commercial Ni-Cr-Fe-Mo alloy, Hastelloy X was selected and evaluated for oxidation behaviour under high temperature conditions. HastelloyX was chosen due to its unusual resistance to oxidizing, reducing and neutral atmospheres. For long term stability of metal supported fuel cell, the corrosion resistance plays a vital role and must be...
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Katalizatory wykorzystywane w syntezie biodiesla
PublicationRising prices of electricity, conventional fuels and heating require decisive steps in the further development of technologies based on renewable energy sources. These include geothermal-; hydrothermal-; aerothermal-; and solar energy. Due to the fact that the petrochemical industry is one of the fastest growing branches of the economy, we would like to expand on the topic related to biofuels. Biodiesel is an alternative fuel similar...
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The influence of inflation pressure and ambient temperature on the value of the truck tires rolling resistance
PublicationThe articlediscusses the effect of inflation pressure and the ambient temperature on the value of the rolling resistance of truck tires which directly translates into fuel consumption. For this purpose, a series of measurements was made at two ambient temperatures (at 25°C and -15°C), using different pumping pressures.
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An experimental assessment on a diesel engine powered by blends of waste-plastic-derived pyrolysis oil with diesel
PublicationThe utilization of plastic solid wastes for sustainable energy production is a crucial aspect of the circular economy. This study focuses on pyrolysis as an effective method to convert this feedstock into renewable drop-in fuel. To achieve this, it is essential to have a comprehensive understanding of feedstock composition, pyrolysis process parameters, and the physicochemical characteristics of the resulting fuel, all correlated...
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Prediction of ship resistance with the use of Full-scale CFD simulations
PublicationIn recent years, the IMO has introduced new regulations to reduce the negative impact of ships on the natural environment. A particularly important step forcing technological innovations is the increasing requirement of ship energy efficiency. It is expressed by the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI). Another important step towards green shipping is rising the required quality of fuel used for propulsion, so called Tier limits....
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Arylated carbon nanotubes for biobatteries and biofuel cells
PublicationSinglwalled carbon nanotubes (swcnts)covalently phenylated, napthylated or terphenylated were used for the construction of cathodes in a biobattery and in a biofuel cell. zn is the anode in the biobaterry and single-walled carbon nanotubes are covalently modified with glucose oxidase/catalase (swcnt-gox/cat) and the biofuel cell anode. the cell parameters were determined and the potentials of each of the electrodes under cell working...
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Utilization of molten salt synthesis route in ceramics production
PublicationThe molten salt synthesis method is widely used to prepare ceramic powders for various applications e.g. piezoelectric devices or electrolytes for solid oxide fuel cells. The usage of this method workdwide is quite common especially in piezoelectric powder synthesis. In this work several application of the method is presented and the advantages of this route are numbered.
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Renewable Resources for Polyurethanes and Polyurethane Composites: A Review
PublicationEach year, more than two million tons of polyurethane is produced in the EU by reacting isocyanates with polyols made from fossil fuel. In addition, there are appreciable quantities of petroleum based functional additives applied in the industry nowadays for both polyols and polyurethane materials. It is therefore of key importance to develop sustainable economically viable polyols with enhanced functionalities, and thereby reducing...
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Optimal shape design of multi-element trawl-doors using local surrogate models
PublicationTrawl-doors have a large influence on the fuel consumption of fishing vessels. Design and optimiza-tion of trawl-doors using computational models are a key factor in minimizing the fuel consump-tion. This paper presents an optimization algorithm for the shape design of trawl-door shapes using computational fluid dynamic (CFD) models. Accurate CFD models are computationally expensive. Therefore, the direct use of traditional optimization...
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Risks related to car fire on innovative Poroelastic Road Surfaces-PERS
PublicationTo reduce tyre/road noise, the concept of poroelastic road surfaces (PERS) was invented. PERS is a road surface material that is porous, and at the same time, it is flexible because of the substantial amount of rubber granulate content (from 20% to 85%). The rubber and stone particles are bound by polyurethane resin instead of bitumen. It was feared that in case of fire, because of the high content of rubber and polyurethane, there...
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THE IDENTIFICATION OF TOXIC COMPOUND EMISSION SENSITIVITY AS A DIAGNOSTIC PARAMETER DURING DYNAMIC PROCESSES OF THE MARINE ENGINE
PublicationChanging some parameters of the engine structure alters the emission of harmful components in the exhaust gas. This applies in particular to the damage of charge exchange system as well as fuel system and engine supercharger. These changes are much greater during the dynamic states and their accompanying transitional processes. The different sensitivity of diagnostic parameters to the same force, coming from the engine structure,...
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Fuctional structure of diagnostic system for wheeled tractors
PublicationAn application of computer controlled fuel injection systems in vehicle engines and growing demands concerning toxic substances emission and fuel consumption was a main reason for OBD (On Board Diagnosis) development. In spite of a great technological development, only some tractors are equipped in diagnostic systems. On board diagnosis is strongly connected with emission demands and does not concern other important vehicle functions.In...
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Materiały dla jednowarstwowych ogniw paliwowych
PublicationA composite material, which may be further applied as a single layer fuel cell, was synthesizes using solid state synthesis method. Composite consisted of two components. The first was a nanoeramic proton conductor - calcium doped lanthanum niobate. The second one was a nanoceramic semiconductor oxide composed of lithium, nickel and zinc oxides respectively.