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Search results for: weight function
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Investigation of Thermoplastic Polyurethanes Synthesized via Two Different Prepolymers
PublicationThe man aim of this work was to investigate the effect of the molecular weight of polyols, mixture of prepolymers, and [NCO]/[OH] molar ratio used during the prepolymer chain extending step on the chemical structure, thermomechanical and mechanical properties, and thermal stability of thermoplastic poly(ether-urethane)s In this work thermoplastic poly(ether-urethane)s were synthesized by using polyols with a various molecular weight,...
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Bending Moment Control and Weight Optimization in Space Structures by Adding Extra Members in the Optimal Locations
PublicationThis paper investigates the reduction of bending moment in critical members by adding some extra members in the optimum location. Instead of enlarging the size of members to resist the moment, eight additional members are added in the optimum location to reduce the bending moment in the critical members. The total weight of the proposed structure with extra members is less than that of the original structure that resists the induced...
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Susceptibility to Degradation in Soil of Branched Polyesterurethane Blends with Polylactide and Starch
PublicationA very important method of reducing the amount of polymer waste in the environment is the introduction to the market of polymers susceptible to degradation under the influence of environmental factors. This paper presents the results of testing the susceptibility to degradation in soil of branched polyesterurethane (PUR) based on poly([R,S]-3-hydroxybutyrate) (R,S-PHB), modified with poly([D,L]-lactide) (PLA) and starch (St). Weight...
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Isocyanate-Free Polyurethanes
PublicationIsocyanate-free polyurethanes (also called non-isocyanate polyurethanes, or NIPUs) are alternatives to the conventional (commercially used) polyurethanes synthesized using di- or polyisocyanates, polyols, and chain extenders with low molecular weight. The major routes of NIPUs’ synthesis involve polyaddition of cyclic carbonates and di- or polyamines, polycondensation of carbamates, and diols. The most important intermediates are...
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Sustainable development requires risky decisions - problematic 300 ton overweight transport passing a bridge
PublicationOversize load passages over bridges are one of the research issues related to sustainable development that engineering and scientific teams around the world have to deal with . The article presents the scope of activities that enabled the passage of an oversized vehicle with a total weight of over 300 tons over a reinforced concrete slab. The bridge load capacity is 30 tons. In order to assess the capacity of the bridge, detailed...
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Study of Phase and Chemical Composition of Bi1-xNdxFeO3 Powders Derived by Pressureless Sintering
PublicationIn the present paper studies on Bi1xNdxFeO3 for x =0.1-0.4 are reported. The mixed oxide method followed with pressureless sintering was employed for ceramics fabrication. Thermal behavior of stoichiometric mixtures of simple oxide powders, viz. Bi2O3, Nd2O3 and Fe2O3 was studied by simultaneous thermal analysis. It was found that with an increase in neodymium content the weight loss increased from 0.75% to 3.16% for x =0.1 and...
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Wettability of Horizontal Stainless Steel Tube by Nanofluid Droplets
PublicationThe goal of the present work was the experimental determination of the contact angle of three nanofluids, i.e. water-Al2O3, water-Cu and water-TiO2 on horizontal stainless steel tube of 1.6 mm OD. Of particular interest was the effect of nanoparticle concentration (0.01%, 0.1%, and 1% by weight) on droplet contact angle.
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Wettability of Horizontal Stainless Steel Tube by Nanofluid Droplets
PublicationThe goal of the present work was the experimental determination of the contact angle of three nanofluids, i.e. water-Al2O3, water-Cu and water-TiO2 on horizontal stainless steel tube of 1.6 mm OD. Of particular interest was the effect of nanoparticle concentration (0.01%, 0.1%, and 1% by weight) on droplet contact angle.
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Progress in non-isocyanate polyurethanes synthesized from cyclic carbonate intermediates and di- or polyamines in the context of structure–properties relationship and from an environmental point of view
PublicationCommercially, polyurethanes are produced by the reaction of diisocyanates, polyols (polyester or polyether) and low molecular weight chain extender. Toxicity, moisture sensitivity and phosgene-based synthesis of diisocyanates resulted in investigations focused on obtaining the non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs). This work presents the review of synthesis and structure–properties relationship of non-isocyanate polyurethanes obtained...
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A Novel Method of Endotoxins Removal from Chitosan Hydrogel as a Potential Bioink Component Obtained by CO2 Saturation
PublicationThe article presents a new approach in the purification of chitosan (CS) hydrogel in order to remove a significant amount of endotoxins without changing its molecular weight and viscosity. Two variants of the method used to purify CS hydrogels from endotoxins were investigated using the PyroGene rFC Enzymatic Cascade assay kit. The effect of the CS purification method was assessed in terms of changes in the dynamic viscosity of...
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Influence of nanoparticle concentration on convective heat transfer of water-Al2O3 nanofluids inside horizontal tubes
PublicationThis work presents preliminary results of the experimental investigation of the forced convection heat transfer of water-Al2O3 nanofluids inside stainless steel tube with 8 mm internal diameter and 2000 mm length. Nanoparticles were tested at the concentrations of 0.01%, 0.1%, 1% and 5% by weight and the Reynolds number range encompasses laminar as well as turbulent flows.
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Free convection of water-Al2O3 nanofluid from horizontal porous coated tube
PublicationThe main aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of nanoparticles on heat transfer coefficients during free convection of water-Al2O3 nanofluid from horizontal porous coated tube under atmospheric pressure for nanoparticle concentration of 0.01% by weight. Contrary to published data present study concerns on free convection of nanofluids in extensive, quiescent fluid.
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Failure mode prediction for composite structural insulated panels with MgO board facings
PublicationSandwich panels are readily used in civil engineering due to their high strength to weight ratio and the ease and speed of assembly. The idea of a sandwich section is to combine thin and durable facings with a light-weight core and the choice of materials used allows obtaining the desired behaviour. Panels in consideration consist of MgO (magnesium oxide) board facings and expanded polystyrene core and are characterized by immunity...
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Fabrication and Crystal Structure of Sol-Gel Deposited BST Thin Films with Compositional Gradient
PublicationIn the present research technology of compositionally graded barium strontium titanate Ba1-xSrxTiO3 thin films deposited on stainless steel substrates by sol-gel spin coating followed with thermal annealing at T = 650°C is reported. Results of thermal behavior of the sol-gel derived powders with compositions used for fabrication of graded structure (i.e. with Sr mole fraction x = 0.5, 0.4 and 0.3) are described. X-ray diffraction...
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In-Reactor Polypropylene Functionalization─The Influence of Catalyst Structures and Reaction Conditions on the Catalytic Performance
PublicationTo unravel the relationship between silylene-bridged metallocene catalyst structures and polymerization conditions and their effect on the performance in in-reactor functionalization of polypropylene, the behaviors of rac-Me2Si(2-Me-4-Ph-Ind)2ZrCl2/MMAO, rac-Me2Si(Ind)2ZrCl2, rac-Me2Si(2-Me-4-Ph-Ind)2HfCl2, and rac-Me2Si(Ind)2HfCl2 in propylene/aluminum alkyl-passivated 10-undecen-1-ol copolymerization were compared. Kinetic analysis...
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Impact performance of novel multi-layered prepacked aggregate fibrous composites under compression and bending
PublicationMulti-layered Prepacked aggregate fibrous composite (MLPAFC) is a new type of concrete, which is prepared in two subsequent stages of aggregate-fibre skeleton prepacking and cementitious grouting. In this study, ten MLPAFC mixtures were prepared in three subsequent layers incorporating different contents of four different types of steel fibres. Long and short hooked-end and crimped steel fibers were adopted with 3.0 and 1.5% dosages...
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History-based dynamic weight voting for multi-agent systems
PublicationTaking decision in multi-agent systems may involve voting. Two basic voting protocols are surveyed in the paper. Then, a new history-based dynamic weight voting is proposed. This voting protocol allows for identification of the agents which contribute to the correct system decision. The proposed solution is contrasted with majority voting and with weighted average voting, to show its advantages
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Design aspects of a low-cost prosthetic arm for people with severe movement disabilities
PublicationIn this paper the main aspects of mechanical design behind the low-cost prosthetic arm are presented. The fundamentals of a proper design has been defined to obtain functional 3D printed 5 degree of freedom (DOF) prosthesis. The designed prosthetic arm is a part of the hybrid interface with eye tracking movement control. The main focus was to create affordable but usable prosthesis which corresponds in size and weights to the human...
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The influence of polypropylene-block/graft-polycaprolactone copolymers on melt rheology, morphology, and dielectric properties of polypropylene/polycarbonate blends
PublicationThe paper discusses the relationship between rheology and morphology of immiscible polypropylene (matrix))/polycarbonate (dispersed phase) blends compatibilized with novel polypropylene-polycaprolactone block and graft copolymers. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) experiments revealed uniform droplet morphologies and a reduction of the average size of the dispersed phase upon addition of the compatibilizer. The results suggested...
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Experimental study on the behaviour of steel columns under seismic-induced axial impact load
PublicationIt has been observed during major earthquakes that the so called soft-storey failure of an upper floor of a structure results in large impact load acting on structural members of the lower storeys. It may further lead to progressive collapse of the whole structure substantially intensifying human and material losses. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to investigate experimentally the behaviour of columns under bending (observed...
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The effect of high molecular weight bio-based diamine derivative of dimerized fatty acids obtained from vegetable oils on the structure, morphology and selected properties of poly(ether-urethane-urea)s
PublicationIn this work, the effect of the high molecular weight bio-based diamine on the chemical structure and selected properties of poly(ether-urethane-urea)s has been investigated. The ether-urethane prepolymer was cured using 1,4-butanediol and/or bio-based diamine. Mentioned chain extenders were used separately or in the mixture, and their different molecular weight and chemical structure resulted in obtaining materials with diversified...
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The Effect of Sodium Tetrafluoroborate on the Properties of Conversion Coatings Formed on the AZ91D Magnesium Alloy by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation
PublicationMagnesium and its alloys are widely used in many areas because of their light weight, excellent dimensional stability, and high strength-to-weight ratio. However, the material exhibits poor wear and corrosion resistance, which limits its use. Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) is an effective surface modification method for producing ceramic oxide layers on Mg and their alloys. The influence of the additions of sodium tetrafluoroborate...
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DEFORMATIONS OF INNOVATIVE COLD-FORMED GEB SECTIONS
PublicationPermanent urban growth of the world of today world implies demanding challenges for the steel construction industry. Nowadays, one of the most important issues is the cost optimization of steel structures. Since the weight of building materials is a major component of the total cost, engineers and designers try to reduce structural weight, without compromising durability and sustainability of a steel structure. Therefore, light...
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Influence of concentration on contact angle of water-Cu nanofluid on glass substrate
PublicationIn the paper the results of an experimental investigation of influence of nanoparticle concentration on contact angle of water-Cu nanofluid on glass substrate have been presented. Nanoparticles were tested at the concentration of 0.01%, 0.1%, and 1% by weight. In the present study copper was applied as nanoparticle while distilled, deionized water was used as a base fluid. The mean diameter of nanoparticle is estimated to be 50...
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Topical delivery of pharmaceutical and cosmetic macromolecules using microemulsion systems
PublicationMicroemulsions are transparent, thermodynamically stable colloidal systems. Over the recent years, they have been increasingly investigated due to their potential as skin delivery vehicles for a wide range of drug molecules. The nanoscale particle size and the specificity of microemulsion components are the main features determining the skin permeation process. However, in order to effectively cross the skin barrier, the active...
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Effect of hydroxylated soybean oil and bio-based propanediol on the structure and thermal properties of synthesized bio-polyurethanes
PublicationThe aim of this work was to obtain bio-polyurethanes using synthetic compounds and bio-components, i.e. bio-glycols. Bio-polyurethanes were prepared by means of the prepolymer method. Prepolymers were synthesized from 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) and a polyol mixture containing 75% by weight of commercial polyether and 25% by weight of hydroxylated soybean oils (H2 or H3), the latter being obtained in the reaction with...
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W-dominance: Tradeoff-inspired dominance relation for preference-based evolutionary multi-objective optimization
PublicationThe paper presents a method of incorporating decision maker preferences into multi-objective meta-heuristics. It is based on tradeoffcoefficients and extends their applicability from bi-objective to multi-objective. The method assumes that a decision maker specifies a priori each objective’s importance as a weight interval. Based on this, w-dominance relation is introduced, which extends Pareto dominance. By replacing reference...
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Determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and other organic pollutants in freshwaters on the western shore of Admiralty Bay (King George Island, Maritime Antarctica).
PublicationOrganic contamination in freshwater samples has never been investigated at the western shore of Admiralty Bay. Therefore, the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in five different sites distributed along a shore running from the Arctowski Station to the Baranowski Glacier was studied. Moreover, organic compounds such as n-alkanes, toluene and ethylbenzene were also noted. Increased ΣPAHs in late Austral summer 2016...
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Numerical and Analytical Investigation of Aluminium Bracket Strengthening
PublicationThis paper focuses on an analytical and numerical investigation of aluminium brackets used to fasten light-weight curtain walls to building facilities. The authors propose a solution to increase the load capacity of aluminium brackets by means of additional cover plates (straps). This paper also includes a short survey of literature and material properties concerning the EN AW-6060 T6 aluminium alloy. This paper suggests an initiation...
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Models of using the Internet by young Poles and their social capital.
PublicationHighlights • Study examining Polish youth on internet usage styles. • Online communication is the most common form of spending time on the Internet. •...
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Performance of the flat plate solar collector operated with water-Al2O3 nanofluid
PublicationThis paper shows the experimental results of the performance a flat plate solar collector with water-Al2O3 nanofluid as a working fluid. The weight fractions of nanoparticles were 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.4%. The volume flow rate of nanofluid varied from 60 l/h to 170 l/h. The results show that application of nanofluids instead of pure water resulted in higher efficiency of the tested flat plate solar collector for given range of thermal...
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Zarys chińskiego prawa cywilnego w dobie kodyfikacji
PublicationW ostatnich latach w Chińskiej Republice Ludowej ponownie pojawiły się ożywione dyskusje i zaawansowane prace legislacyjne nad kształtem nowej całościowej chińskiej kodyfikacji prawa cywilnego. Rozpoczęła się doba kodyfikacji, czyli okres przejściowy pomiędzy starym, a nowym porządkiem prawnym. Konfucjańskie zwyczaje, wywodząca się z prawa rzymskiego tradycja i marksistowska spuścizna są obecnie zestawiane...
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Weldability of pipe grade polyethylenes as realized from thermal and mechanical properties assessments
PublicationSince polyethylene (PE) has been widely accepted for the production of high-pressure fluid conveying pipelines, studies devoted to weldability of PE connections were always of major importance. In this study, two industrial PE grades designed for pipe production, namely PE80 and PE100, were injection molded, cut, and then welded as PE100-PE100, PE100-PE80, and PE80-PE80. The heat-welded joints were assessed by differential scanning...
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Degradation of polyurethanes in Compost Under Natural Conditions
PublicationThe estimation of degradibility of different polyurethanes under natural weather depending conditions in compost pile was the subject of the studies. The incubation of polymer samples took place for a period up to 24 months. The characteristic parameters of the compost: temperature, pH, moisture content, and activity of dehydrogenasis were monitored and their influence on degradation of polyuiretahnes was discussed. The compostability...
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A scale with ECG measurements capability for home cardiac monitoring
PublicationPresented device -a scale developed for enabling extra measurements, in addition to body weight and composition, the electrical activity of the heart (electrocardiogram - ECG) and the level of oxygen saturation in the blood SaO2. Electrical activity is recorded in the form of six leads, socalled - limb leads. The device allows measurement of all standard limb leads and without the need for additional procedures. ECG, although the...
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Establishing Relationships between Parameters of the controlled Compaction Soil by Using Various In-Situ Tests
PublicationThe aim of research was evaluating reliable correlations between chosen soil parameters describing state of surface layers of soil. The paper presents site comparative tests based on the light falling weight deflectometer (LFWD), the static plate load tester (VSS), the dynamic probing light tester (DPL) and the bearing ratio tester (CBR in-situ) with relationships between soil state parameters. All featured in-situ...
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Application of Majority Voting Protocols to Supporting Trading Decisions
PublicationA broad spectrum of analysis and prediction indicators and methods exists to support trading decisions, but no hard knowledge exist to tell in advance which of them will fit best in a given timeframe. To support trading decisions, a multi-agent self-organizing system has been proposed. The system is based on history based dynamic weight voting and selects the right indicators based on their past performance. The formal analysis...
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APPLICATION OF MAJORITY VOTING PROTOCOLS TO SUPPORTING TRADING DECISIONS
PublicationA broad spectrum of analysis and prediction indicators and methods exists to support trading decisions, but no hard knowledge exist to tell in advance which of them will fit best in a given timeframe. To support trading decisions, a multi-agent self-organizing system has been proposed. The system is based on history based dynamic weight voting and selects the right indicators based on their past performance. The formal analysis...
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Determination of Chemical Diffusion Coefficient of Lithium Ions in Ceramics Derived from Pyrolysed Poly(1,2-dimethylsilazane) and Starch
PublicationThe apparent chemical diffusion coefficient Li+ (DappLI+) in pyrolysed poly(1,2-dimethylsilazane)/starch (PSN/S) (weight ratio: 30/70) ceramic anode composite is determined by galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT). The electrode material composition is C6.00N0.14H0.47O0.12Si0.13. The calculated values of DappLI+, depend on the applied potential, vary from 10-14 to 10-9 [cm2/s]. The diffusion coefficient of lithium...
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Toward Polyethylene–Polyester Block and Graft Copolymers with Tunable Polarity
PublicationThe synthesis and characterization of polyethylene–polyester block and graft copolymers and their potential as compatibilizers in polyethylene-based polymer blends are being described. The various routes to functionalized polyethylenes and the corresponding block/graft copolymers have been compared and evaluated for their scalability to industrial scale production. Hydroxyl chain-end and randomly OH-functionalized HDPE as well...
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INFLUENCE OF NANOPARTICLE CONCENTRATION ON THERMAL PROPERTIES OF THERMAL OIL-MWCNT NANOFLUID
PublicationThis paper deals with measurements of dynamic viscosity, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity and pH of thermal oil-MWCNT (TO-MWCNT) nanofluid. Nanoparticles were tested at the concentration of 0.001%, 0.005%, 0.01%, 0.05%, and 0,1% by weight. Ultrasonic vibration was used in order to stabilize the dispersion of the nanoparticles. Thermal oil (TO) was selected as a base liquid, because of possible application in ORC systems...
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Influence of yttria surface modification on high temperature corrosion of porous Ni22Cr alloy
PublicationProtective coatings for porous alloys for high temperature use are relatively new materials. Their main drawback is high temperature corrosion. In this work protective coatings based the on Y-precursor infiltrated into the sintered Ni22Cr alloys are studied at 700°C. Effects of the amount of the protective phase on the resulting corrosion properties are evaluated in air and humidified hydrogen. Weight gain of the samples, their...
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Cavitation Erosion of P110 Steel in Different Drilling Muds
PublicationThe P110 steel specimens were subjected to ultrasonic cavitation erosion in different compositions of drilling muds and surfactant additive. The test procedure was based on ASTM-G-32 standard recommendations. API 5CT-P110 steel is used for pipes in oil and gas industry. The harsh environment and high velocity of flows poses corrosive and erosive threat on materials used there. The composition of drilling fluid influences its rheological...
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Series Passive Compensation of Common Mode Voltage in Multilevel Inverter Drives
PublicationThis paper presents an approach to the problem of a magnetic saturation of CM chokes that accompanies the method of passive compensation of a common mode (CM) voltage in an inverter drive system. Measurements have been provided in a drive system including multilevel inverters and the filter having sinusoidal output voltages and zero CM voltage. The theoretical analysis and experimental results show that the problem with magnetic...
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PROBLEMS OF EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF COEFFICIENTS OF THE WEAR OF SHIP PIPING SYSTEMS
PublicationThe article presents series of considerations relating to experimental evaluation of the reliability of ship piping systems. The aim of this study is to attempt to answer the following questions: What should be the tested element? How to choose the diameter of the tested item? What should be the result of measurements and calculations? How to measure? How to choose the duration of the test? How to choose the sample size and elaborate...
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Improvement of electrochemical action of zinc-rich paints by addition of nanoparticulate zinc
PublicationThe influence of nanosized particles on electrochemical action of standard zinc-rich paints by means of SEM as well as potential and impedance measurements has been investigated. The motivation for doing this was to obtain additional electrical connection between the spherical microparticles themselves and zinc particles and steel substrate. Overall zinc content was at the level of 92% by weight. Samples with different concentration...
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Total mercury and methylmercury (MeHg) in braised and crude Boletus edulis carpophores during various developmental stages
PublicationWe collected and processed Boletus edulis (King Bolete) carpophores grouped in four batches based on their developmental stage (button stage, young—white, large—white, and large—yellow). The study aimed, for the first time, to examine the B. edulis content and effect of braising and to estimate the intake of total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg) from a single meal based on whole (wet) weight (ww) and dry weight (dw). In...
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Multifaceted Analyses of Four Different Prototype Lightweight Photovoltaic Modules of Novel Structure
PublicationDynamic growth of photovoltaic capacity in Poland encourages many entities to invest in photovoltaic systems. However, in the case of buildings with low roof-bearing capacity it can be problematic or even impossible to mount conventional PV modules due to their relatively high weight. Hence, the use of lightweight PV modules is a potential solution. In this paper four different prototype silicon lightweight modules of novel structure...
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Dual Active Bridge (DAB) DC-DC converter for multilevel propulsion converters for electrical multiple units (EMU)
PublicationSemiconductor power devices made from silicon carbide (SiC) reached a level of technology enabling their widespread use in power converters. Two different approaches to implementation of modern traction converters in electric multiple units (EMU) have been presented in recent years: (i) 3.3-kV SiC MOSFET-based three-level PWM inverter with regenerative braking and (ii) 6.5-kV IGBT-based four-quadrant power electronic traction transformer...
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Repeated Projectile Impact Tests on Multi-Layered FibrousCementitious Composites
PublicationThis research aims to experimentally evaluate the behaviour of multi-layered fibrous cementitious composites withintermediate Glass Fibre Meshes (GFM) under repeated projectile load. The impact load was subjected through a convexedge projectile needle at a low velocity on cylindrical specimens of three-layered fibrous cementitious composites, whichhave two different steel fibre distributions. In series A mixtures, a constant steel...