Filters
total: 1940
filtered: 1506
displaying 1000 best results Help
Search results for: DIFFUSION BARRIER LAYER
-
A Generalized Framework Towards Structural Mechanics of Three-layered Composite Structures
PublicationThree-layered composite structures find a broad application. Increasingly, composites are being used whose layer thicknesses and material properties diverge strongly. In the perspective of structural mechanics, classical approaches to analysis fail at such extraordinary composites. Therefore, emphasis of the present approach is on arbitrary transverse shear rigidities and structural thicknesses of the individual layers. Therewith...
-
An Analysis of Elliptical-Rectangular Patch Structure on Multilayer Elliptic Cylinders
PublicationThe resonance frequency problem of an ellipticalrectangular patch mounted on multilayered dielectric coated elliptic conducting cylinder, is investigated in this paper. A fullwave analysis and a moment-method calculation are employed. The analysis is carried out considering the expansion of the field as a series of Mathieu functions. An additional theorem for Mathieu functions is utilized to investigate the non-confocal ellipse...
-
UV-Light-Induced Fluctuation Enhanced Sensing by WO3-Based Gas Sensors
PublicationWO3-based gas sensors were investigated under UV-light irradiation and at different working temperatures with the object of achieving superior sensitivity and selectivity. Resistance fluctuations in the WO3 layer were studied together with dc resistance measurements. The data were taken in synthetic air, ethanol, nitrogen dioxide, and mixtures of these gases. We conclude that UV irradiation can easily be applied to enhance the...
-
Rozprzestrzenianie się w podtorzu skutków katastrof kolejowych z udziałem materiałów niebezpiecznych
PublicationDuża część przewozów materiałów niebezpiecznych prowadzona jest koleją. W związku z tym bezpieczeństwo tych przewozów nabiera coraz większego znaczenia. Każda katastrofa z udziałem materiałów niebezpiecznych ma negatywny wpływ na uczestników tego zdarzenia oraz na otaczające środowisko, bowiem jej zasięg na ogół nie jest lokalny. Z tego wynika, że w przypadku zaistnienia katastrofy należy minimalizować jej skutki oraz w dalszych...
-
Poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) as a biodegradable binder in a negative electrode material for lithium-ion batteries
PublicationIn this work, graphite-based negative electrode for lithium-ion battery consisting a novel and biodegradable binder poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) is compared with standard graphite electrode with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as a binder. The rate and cycling performance of lithium ion insertion/extraction of electrodes with PHBV in a half-cell configuration are evaluated. Moreover, on the basis of the electrochemical...
-
The Importance of Contextual Topology in the Process of Harmonization of the Spatial Databases on Example BDOT500
PublicationIn this work, we present two detailed problems of topological errors in spatial database. Both issues are inconsistencies in the database, i.e. interior topological relationships layers of buildings and the relationship between the buildings layer and the layer of plots. That inconsistency is related to the residual polygons that arise as a result of overlapping objects, or gaps between objects. The occurrence of this type of error...
-
YSZ Thin film deposited on porous substrate by spray pyrolysis
PublicationIn this work the results of deposition of YSZ layer on a porous substrate using an ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis are presented.
-
Transport properties of microemulsions with ionic liquid apolar domains as a function of ionic liquid content
PublicationThe specific conductivity, dynamic viscosity and apparent diffusion coefficient of each of four aqueous ionic liquid microemulsions (IL-MEs) were measured as a function of ionic liquid (IL) content. The investigated systems were composed of water, hydrophobic ILs (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate or bis(trifluoromethanesulphonyl)imide) and the nonionic surfactant Triton X-100 or its mixture with cosurfactant (butanol)....
-
On possible applications of media described by fractional-order models in electromagnetic cloaking
PublicationThe purpose of this paper is to open a scientific discussion on possible applications of media described by fractional-order (FO) models (FOMs) in electromagnetic cloaking. A 2-D cloak based on active sources and the surface equivalence theorem is simulated. It employs a medium described by FOM in communication with sources cancelling the scattered field. A perfect electromagnetic active cloak is thereby demonstrated with the use...
-
The low coherence Fabry-Pérot interferometer with diamond and ZnO layers
PublicationThe authors present a fiber-optic Fabry-Pérot interferometer built with the application of diamond and zinc oxide (ZnO) thin layers. Thin ZnO films were deposited on the tip of a standard telecommunication single-mode optical fiber (SMF- 28) while the diamond layer was grown on the plate of silicon substrate. Investigated ZnO layers were fabricated by atomic layer deposition (ALD) and the diamond films were deposited using Microwave...
-
Problems of analytical determination of journal bearing bush fatigue strength estimates
PublicationProblems connected with determination of stress distribution in sliding layer of thinwalled bearing bushes, investigated in bearing fatigue test rigs, have been presented. Using an example of plain bearings tested in the fatigue machine SMOK (built at the Gdask University of Technology) problems with obtaining a convergence of iterative procedure for determining the fatigue strength estimators of bearing alloy surface layer are...
-
Implementation of SiN thin film in fiber-optic sensor working in telecommunication range of wavelengths
PublicationMirrors are used in optical sensors and measurement setups. This creates a demand for mirrors made of new materials and having various properties tailored to specific applications. In this work, we propose silicon covered with a thin silicon nitride layer as a mirror for near-infrared measurements. SiN layer was deposited on a standard silicon wafer with a Low-Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition furnace. Then, the created layer...
-
Functionality of road safety devices - identification and analysis of factors
PublicationRoad safety devices are designed to protect road users from the risk of injury or death. The principal type of restraint is the safety barrier. Deployed on sites with the highest risk of run-off-road accidents, safety barriers are mostly found on bridges, flyovers, central reservations, and on road edges which have fixed obstacles next to them. If properly designed and installed, safety barriers just as other road safety devices,...
-
Methods of estimating the cost of traffic safety equipment’s life cycle
Publicationn the article, the authors discuss the preliminary information necessary to determine the scope and direction of further research conducted within the project called “The influence of time and operating conditions on the durability and functionality of road safety elements”. The main objective of the project is to develop the concept of a method for optimizing the life cycle costs of road safety devices. The authors draw attention...
-
Cavitation erosion degradation of Belzona® coatings
PublicationIn hydrocarbon and maritime industry there is a constant need of materials and coatings withstanding severe conditions. One of adverse phenomena present there is cavitation erosion. The paper presents evaluation of cavitation resistance of three different steel coatings. Belzona 2141 (ACR-Fluid Elastormer), 1321 (Ceramic S-Steal) and 5831 (ST-Barrier) were deployed on P110 steel and subjected to ultrasound cavitation in distilled...
-
Assessment of Road Restraint Systems in Polish Conditions
PublicationKey to understanding the needs and tools of road infrastructure management is identifying the hazards and their sources involved in having no or faulty road restraint systems. Clarity is also needed on why the systems are wrongly designed, constructed, built and operated. To ensure that the problem is adequately understood, research and site observations were conducted and...
-
Software modules and application layer's security structure of RSMAD
PublicationThe paper discusses the software modules of Radio System for Monitoring and Acquisition of Data from Traffic Enforcement Cameras (in short RSMAD). The structure of the application layer of the system has also been analysed in details, including: purpose, structure and principles of operation of software modules constituting this system. In addition, the paper presents and discusses the structure of security of application layer...
-
Big Data from Sensor Network via Internet of Things to Edge Deep Learning for Smart City
PublicationData from a physical world is sampled by sensor networks, and then streams of Big Data are sent to cloud hosts to support decision making by deep learning software. In a smart city, some tasks may be assigned to smart devices of the Internet of Things for performing edge computing. Besides, a part of workload of calculations can be transferred to the cloud hosts. This paper proposes benchmarks for division tasks between an edge...
-
In-plane shear nonlinearity in failure behavior of angle-ply laminated shells
PublicationThe paper concerns the progressive failure analysis of laminates with the in-plane shear nonlinearity accounted for.The nonlinear shear response of the layer is described by the constitutive relation treating the stresses as a function of strains. Thus it can be easily incorporated into the displacement-based FEM codes. The brittle failure mechanisms of the fibers and the matrix of the layer are recognized with the use of the Hashin...
-
Structural Adaptive, Self-Separating Material for Removing Ibuprofen from Waters and Sewage
Publication-cyclodextrin nanosponge (CDM) was used for the adsorption of ibuprofen (IBU) from water and sewage. The obtained material was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), Barrett– Joyner–Halenda (BJH), Harkins and Jura t-Plot, zeta potential, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and elementary analysis (EA)....
-
Unconditionally blue: Curing epoxy with polyethylene glycol (PEG) surface-functionalized Zn Fe3-O4 magnetic nanoparticles
PublicationNanoparticles govern early (chemical-controlled) and late (diffusion-controlled) stages of epoxy crosslinking, respectively. Surface functionalization of nanoparticles with macromolecules was recognized as an effective route to compensate for inadequate diffusion-controlled crosslinking. However, the effect of bulk composition amended with cations having catalytic effect towards epoxy ring opening has remained hitherto undescribed....
-
Corrosion and Cavitation Resistances of Low Alloy Steel After Frictional-Mechanical Treatment
PublicationPaper presents the results of the studies of wear, corrosion and cavitation resistances of the S355J2 low alloy medium carbon steel subjected to surface modification by friction-mechanical treatment, as tested in sea water simulated solution. To evaluate the effect of the surface treatment, the comparative studies of the corrosive properties of the steel before and after treatment have been considered. The treatment due to a severe...
-
Investigation of the vertical distribution of the sound speed of the Gulf of Gdansk in the years 2000-2010
PublicationThe conditions of the acoustic wave propagation in the southern Baltic are much more complex than in other shallow waters. In the typical shallow water, seasonal changes in acoustical conditions in the upper layer, of the depth of about 60-70 m, are observed. They are caused by variation of the annual meteorological conditions. Most often, in the deep water layer, acoustical conditions are stable throughout the year. However, in...
-
Enhanced photocatalytic activity of transparent carbon nanowall/TiO2 heterostructures
PublicationThe synthesis of novel tunable carbon-based nanostructure represented a pivotal point to enhance the efficiency of existing photocatalysts and to extend their applicability to a wider number of sustainable processes. In this letter, we describe a transparent photocatalytic heterostructure by growing boron-doped carbon nanowalls (B-CNWs) on quartz, followed by a simple TiO2 sol-gel deposition. The effect on the thickness and boron-doping...
-
Influence of Gd deposition on the oxidation behavior and electrical properties of a layered system consisting of Crofer 22 APU and MnCo2O4 spinel
PublicationIn the study, the surface of the Crofer 22APU ferritic steel was modified with gadolinium oxide nanoparticles and a protective-conducting layer consisting of the MnCo2O4 spinel. This system was studied in the context of application in IT-SOFC interconnects. Four types of samples were studied: unmodified steel, steel coated with a manganese-cobalt spinel layer, steel modified with gadolinium oxide nanoparticles, and a system consisting...
-
Optimisation and field assessment of poroelastic wearing course bond quality
PublicationCompared to typical asphalt mixtures, poroelastic mixtures are characterised by high porosity and high flexibility, which are desirable for traffic noise reduction. However, the same properties increase the risk of debonding from the lower layer, which is a significant source of premature damage. The study investigates which of the factors – tack coat agent, type and texture of the lower layer – have the greatest impact on interlayer...
-
Theoretical Organic Rankine Cycle efficiency depending on different thermodynamic work variables.
PublicationOne of promising technologies of utilizing low- temperature waste heat is through ORC (Organic Rankine Cycle) system implementation. A primary objective in designing in-stallations based on such systems is to maximize the installation's work efficiency. On the other hand, ecological factors are commonly considered a natural barrier in introducing new, often very expensive technologies. Ecological effect of a potential modernization...
-
IMPACT OF THE FINANCING STRUCTURE ON EFFICIENCY OF HEALTHCARE SYSTEMS IN THE FORMER EASTERN BLOC COUNTRIES
PublicationOut-of-pocket expenditures are a significant barrier in accessing health services. This paper aims to analyse the structure of financing system in the context of the performance indicators of healthcare systems. The study was conducted for the 28 countries of the former Eastern bloc in the years 2000 and 2013, based on data from the World Health Organization. In the DEA-CCR input-oriented model, inputs are the percentage share...
-
Magnetic field microsensor based on GaAs MESFET
PublicationA novel concept of the drain separation design in a horizontally-split-drain GaAs MAGFET sensor, based on epitaxial layer growth, was developed. Proper choice of GaAs/AlAs/GaAs epitaxial layer sequence provided good electrical isolation between the drain regions. The measured leakage current between the drain regions was in the range of nA for up to 2V drain voltage bias difference. Performed analytical and numerical calculations...
-
Influence of intermixing at the Ta/CoFeB interface on spin Hall angle in Ta/CoFeB/MgO heterostructures
PublicationWhen a current is passed through a non-magnetic metal with strong spin-orbit coupling, an orthogonal spin current is generated. This spin current can be used to switch the magnetization of an adjacent ferromagnetic layer or drive its magnetization into continuous precession. The interface, which is not necessarily sharp, and the crystallographic structure of the nonmagnetic metal can both affect the strength of current-induced...
-
Algorithm for Automatic Wear Estimation of Railway Contact Strips Based on 3D Scanning Results
PublicationElectric rail vehicles use current collection system which consists of overhead contact line and a current collector (pantograph) mounted on the roof of a vehicle. A pantograph is equipped with contact strips, which slide along the contact wire, ensuring steady electric contact. Contact strips are made of carbon layer, fixed to an aluminum carrier. The carbon layer wears down due to friction. Using overly worn contact strips increases...
-
Corrosivity of environment and the current state of the steel elements at the former Auschwitz concentration camp
PublicationThe objective of this study was to assess corrosivity of the atmospheric environment in the former Auschwitz I and Auschwitz II-Birkenau concentration and extermination camp, and to identify the protective properties of existing corrosion products in order to estimate the actual corrosion rate of original steel elements located there. The current atmospheric corrosivity of the former Auschwitz camp, specified during one year of exposure...
-
Mixed integer nonlinear optimization of biological processes in wastewater sequencing batch reactor
PublicationWastewater treatment plays a key role for humanity. The waste entering lakes, rivers, and seas deteriorates daily quality of life. Therefore, it is very important to improve the efficiency of wastewater treatment. From a control point of view, a biological wastewater treatment plant is a complex, non-linear, multidimensional, hybrid control system. The paper presents the design of the optimizing hierarchical control system applied...
-
The effect of road restraint systems on the level of road safety - Polish experience
PublicationRoadside accidents happen when a vehicle runs off the road. The majority of these accidents are very severe because leaving the road is usually followed by hitting a solid obstacle (tree, pole, support, culvert front wall, barrier). Roadsides are some of the most important issues of road safety. They have been studied for years to identify roadside hazards and the effectiveness of road safety measures such as restraint systems....
-
Rainwater chemistry composition in Bellsund: Sources of elements and deposition discrepancies in the coastal area (SW Spitsbergen, Svalbard)
PublicationDiscrepancies in rainfall chemistry in Bellsund were found to be influenced by the orographic barrier and related to the variability in the inflow of air masses as well as to the distance of sampling sites from the sea and thus the extent of sea spray impact. This study covers measurements of rainfall (P) and air temperature (T), physicochemical parameters (pH, specific electrolytic conductivity (SEC), major ions (Cl , NO3 , SO4...
-
Comparison of antimicrobial activity of selected, commercially available wound dressing materials
PublicationOBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to examine the antimicrobial potential of eight selected, commercially available wound dressings containing different antimicrobial agents: silver, chlorhexidine acetate, povidone-iodine, and manuka honey. METHOD: The materials were tested against four reference strains of bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus (PCM 2051), Staphylococcus epidermidis (PCM 2118), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853),...
-
Composite shells in 6-field nonlinear shell theory
PublicationW pracy przedstawiono równanie konstytutywne uwzględniające wielowarstwowość materiału powłoki. Równania wyprowadzono bazując na podejściu Equivalent Single Layer
-
Photoelectric properties of a novel MEH-PPV/F16ZnPc heterojunction
PublicationPhotoelectric properties of a novel poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy-p-phenylenevinylen)] (MEH-PPV)/perfluorozincphthalocyanine (F16ZnPc) planar heterojunction provided with BCP and MoO3 buffer layers sandwiched between indium tin oxide (ITO) and Ag are shown. Efficient photogeneration of charge carriers at this junction is observed. Effect of bathocuproine (BCP) and MoO3 buffer layers on the performance of cells is analysed....
-
Modelling of Diffusing Capacity Measurement Results in Lung Microangiopathy Patients. A novel Diagnostic Suppport
PublicationLung microangiopathy is a little known negative influence of diabetes mellitus on the functioning of the lungs. The aim of this study is to design a supportive method for diagnosing lung microangiopathy. This will be based on routinely performed pulmonary measurements as well as on investigation process modelling and data processing. A model of the diffusion of oxygen from the alveoli to the blood has been described with a set...
-
Adaptacyjny algorytm filtracji sygnału fonokardiograficznego wykorzystujący sztuczną sieć neuronową
PublicationPodstawowym problemem podczas projektowania systemu autodiagnostyki chorób serca, bazującego na analizie sygnału fonokardiograficznego (PCG), jest konieczność zapewnienia, niezależnie od warunków zewnętrznych, sygnału o wysokiej jakości. W artykule, bazując na zdolności Sztucznej Sieci Neuronowej (SSN) do predykcji sygnałów periodycznych oraz quasi-periodycznych, został opracowany adaptacyjny algorytm filtracji dźwięków serca....
-
Big Data Processing by Volunteer Computing Supported by Intelligent Agents
PublicationIn this paper, volunteer computing systems have been proposed for big data processing. Moreover, intelligent agents have been developed to efficiency improvement of a grid middleware layer. In consequence, an intelligent volunteer grid has been equipped with agents that belong to five sets. The first one consists of some user tasks. Furthermore, two kinds of semi-intelligent tasks have been introduced to implement a middleware...
-
Properties of surface layers of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V after laser melting processes
PublicationThe article presents the investigation results of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V surface layer after laser melting process. The process of laser melting was performed using Nd-YAG laser. The evaluation of structure of the alloy as well as hardness and chemical composition was performed. It was shown that laser melting changes the structure and properties of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V and process parameters as scanning speed affects the thickness...
-
Slurry Surfacing Mixes on the Basis of Bitumen Modified with Phenol-Cresol-Formaldehyde Resin
PublicationSlow-breaking monophase cationic bitumen emulsions have been produced on the basis of bitumen modified with phenol-cresol-formaldehyde resin (PhCR-F). Bitumen emulsions were used as a binder for thin-layer coatings with slurry surfacing mixes (SSM). Physical and technical parameters of modified and unmodified emulsions were determined and analyzed. The optimal compositions of SSM were selected according to the breaking criterion....
-
Reactive deposition of TiNx layers in a DC-magnetron discharge
PublicationTiNx layers have been deposited in 'balanced mode' and 'unbalanced mode' of a reactive DC-magnetron plasma (carrier gas argon, reactive gas nitrogen) under different conditions. Discharge power and reactive gas flow have been varied. The layers have been examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray reflectometry (XR), and spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE). The results of the layer analyses were combined with plasma investigations...
-
Dual-Polarized Wideband Bandpass Metasurface-Based Filter
PublicationThis paper presents a novel metasurface-based bandpass filter. The structure is realized by simply patterning a double-sided AD250 substrate, and does not require any vias or insertion of lumped elements. The top layer is an annular- aperture-array with multiple inner conductors, whereas the bottom layer is a first-order Hilbert-curve array. FEM-based simulation results of the filter are obtained using HFSS. The experimental validation...
-
Effect of double thermal and electrochemical oxidation on titanium alloys for medical applications
PublicationThe research focuses on the development and characterization of innovative thin hybrid oxide coatings obtained in subsequent processes of thermal (TO) and electrochemical (EO) oxidation. Four different surface modifications were investigated and the microstructure was determined, the mechanical, chemical and biological properties of the Ti-13Nb-13Zr alloy were assessed using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray dispersion analysis,...
-
Effect of Different Bromine Sources on the Dual Cation Mixed Halide Perovskite Solar Cells
PublicationRecent research has shown that perovskite solar cells with a mixed dual A-cation have much better structural stability without loss of efficiency than single cation devices. Mixed cation perovskites create a lot of questions about the salts being used for the formation of the best-quality layer. Here, we have investigated three sources of bromide in the perovskite absorption layer, using lead bromide (PbBr2), formamidinium bromide...
-
Insight into heart regeneration
PublicationThe mammalian heart is thought to be incapable of regeneration because of the limited ability of cardiomyocytes. to proliferate. However, it has been recently shown that the neonatal murine heart is able to restore its normal function after coronary artery ligation or even partial resection. Unfortunately, this feature is lost in a few days after birth, although lower vertebrates as zebrafish or newt, retain this ability until adulthood. Therefore,...
-
Current Status, Barriers and Development Perspectives for Circular Bioeconomy in Polish South Baltic Area
PublicationThe following article presents the current legal situation in Poland as well as in the European Union. Data on biomass production in the Polish South Baltic area were analyzed, along with an indication of the key sectors for the development of bioeconomy. Presentation of the current state of biomass management was made and areas necessary for development were indicated to facilitate the sustainable management of biomass and waste...
-
An optimal sliding mode control based on immune-wavelet algorithm for underwater robotic manipulator
PublicationIn this paper, a robust optimal Sliding Mode Controller (SMC) based on new algorithm of Artificial Immune System (AIS) is proposed for trajectory tracking of underwater manipulators. A new AIS algorithm is used to derive optimal values of surface parameters and boundary layer thickness in SMC with considering minimum torques and error. Surface parameters and boundary layer thickness are considered as antibody in AIS and Morlet...