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Labour share and income inequalities in the European Union, taking into account the level of development of economies
Publicationesearch background: The relationship between labour share and income inequality is a complex and multifaceted problem. Despite ongoing discussions among economists, there is still no consensus on the direction of the relationship between labour share and income ine-quality. Purpose of the article: The article aims to assess the impact of labour share on income inequal-ity, which is measured in three ways: the Gini index...
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Module structure in Conley theory with some applications
PublicationA multiplicative structure in the cohomological versjon of Conley index is described . In the case of equivariant flows we apply the normalization procedure known from equivariant degree theory and we propose a new continuation invariant. The theory is then applied to obtain a mountain pass type theorem. Another application is a result on multiple bifurcations for some elliptic PDE.
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Asymmetrical Modes in Polyphase Motors and Drives
PublicationThe effect of power supply and/or motor asymmetry on the phase-load distribution and the ripple of electromagnetic torque in a polyphase drive is studied by the method of symmetrical components. It is shown that the presence of asymmetry causes the mapping of all harmonics in the supply voltage into all planes of symmetrical components and eliminates the possibility of independent control of harmonics. The dynamic model of a five-phase...
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Próba uogólnionej oceny efektywności wybranych rynków pracy
PublicationCelem artykułu jest pilotażowa próba dokonania uzupełnienia oceny efektywności rynków pracy wynikami uprzednio przeprowadzonej analizy mobilności międzysektorowej płac oraz zatrudnienia. Ocena mobilności międzysektorowej przeprowadzona zostanie dwutorowo: z jednej strony za pomocą uzupełnienia jej o zobrazowanie reakcji rynków na międzysektorowe przesunięcia zatrudnienia, a z drugiej z użyciem ocen zagregowanej zmiany zróżnicowania...
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Dielectric Properties of BiNbO<sub>4</sub>-Based Ceramic-Polymer Composites with 0-3 Connectivity
PublicationIn the present study two-phase BiNbO4//PVDF composites with 0-3 connectivity were studied by impedance spectroscopy within the frequency range Δν=100Hz-1MHz at room temperature. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) acted as a matrix whereas bismuth niobate (BiNbO4) powder acted as a dispersed phase. The volume fraction of the ceramic phase was cV=2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 16 and 20vol%. Analysis of the impedance data registered for composites...
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Symulacja pracy przesuwnika fazowego w sieci elektroenergetycznej przy połączeniu transformatora szeregowego w gwiazdę
PublicationPoniższy artykuł prezentuje sposób regulacji mocy czynnej i biernej za pomocą przesuwnika fazowego, którego uzwojenie transformatora dodawczego (szeregowego) jest połączone w gwiazdę. W artykule pokazano regulację mocy czynnej i biernej na przykładzie wybranego systemu elektroenergetycznego. Omawiany przesuwnik fazowy reguluje jednocześnie przepływem mocy czynnej i biernej w danym systemie elektroenergetycznym.
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Porównanie działania transformatora symetryzującego (zygzak) z aktywnym energoelektronicznym symetryzatorem prądów fazowych linii niskiego napięcia
PublicationNa potrzeby planowania sieci niskiego napięcia operatorzy systemów dystrybucyjnych (OSD) zakładają symetryczne warunki obciążenia linii. Z roku na rok, rośnie liczba rozproszonych systemów fotowoltaicznych (PV) zainstalowanych w sieciach niskiego napięcia, których większość to małe jednofazowe systemy dachowe. Dodatkowo, do niesymetrii obciążenia przyczyniają się instalowane masowo pompy ciepła i ładowane jednofazowo samochody...
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Detection of Closing Crack in Beam Based on Responses Induced by Harmonic Excitation
PublicationThe non-linear contact model was chosen to simulate the closed crack in the cantilever beam. The study examines the shape and characteristics of the phase diagram of a cantilever beam with closed cracks. It investigates how various crack properties influence the geometry of the phase diagram and proposes a method for identifying cracks based on their features. The area of each closed curve in the phase diagram is determined using...
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Diagnostics of the Peripheral Artery Disease with use of Glucose Sensor - A Proof of Concept
PublicationIt is estimated that 13 % of population over 50 years old suffer from symptomatic or asymptomatic peripheral artery disease (PAD). Ankle-brachial index (ABI) is viewed as a useful parameter in diagnostics of peripheral arterial disease, however screening tests with usage of this method are not advised. Hypoxia causes increase in lactate values and...
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Surface Texture Analysis of Hardened Shafts after Ceramic Ball Burnishing
PublicationThis article represents the results of testing the surface condition of shafts manufactured by the burnishing process. The shafts with a hardness of approximately 62 HRC (Rockwell C). were burnished with a ceramic ball (Si3N4), where the force range was controlled by the means of a hydraulic system. The machining process consisted of hard turning shafts with cubic boron nitride (CBN) inserts, followed by burnishing with the use...
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The occurrence of heavy metals and metal-resistant bacteria in water and bottom sediments of the Straszyn reservoir (Poland)
PublicationThe aim of this study is investigate the distribution of selected heavy metals (zinc, copper, lead, cadmium) and metal-resistant bacteria in water and bottom sediments of drinking water reservoir for Gdańsk (Poland). The research area - Straszyn Lake is a dam reservoir on Radunia river, of the total volume of 3 mln m3. Sediment and water sampling took place between May and October 2013 (eight series). Regarding metal concentration...
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The finite-difference simulation of x-rays propagation through a system of lenses
PublicationThe propagation of X-ray waves through an optical system consisting of 33 aluminum X-ray refractive lenses is considered. For solving the problem, a finite-difference method is suggested and investigated. It is shown that very small steps of the difference grid are necessary for reliable computation of propagation of X-ray waves through the system of lenses. It is shown that the wave phase is a function very quickly increasing...
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Analytical method for calculation of heat source temperature drop for the Organic Rankine Cycle application
PublicationIn the paper presented are considerations on the cooperation of the limited capacity heat source with the Organic Rankine Cycle unit. Usually the heat source providing thermal energy to the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) may have twofold characteristics. It can be in the form of a single phase fluid, i.e. as hot exhaust gas or hot liquid, or in some cases it may be available as a phase changing fluid, as for example, technological...
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Pressure drop and heat transfer during boiling and condensation at subcritical region
PublicationMost of the data presented in the literature relate to saturation temperatures in the range - 20°C to 40°C due to the application in refrigeration technology. There is necessity to extend databases to higher values of saturation temperature due to new applications such as Organic Rankine Cycle and high temperature heat pumps. Only few papers contain data for high reduced pressure for low boiling point liquids. This paper focus...
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Formowanie wektorów napięcia wyjściowego w pięciofazowych falownikach napięcia
PublicationW falownikach pięciofazowych, załączenie wektorów aktywnych powoduje jednoczesne formowane dwóch, zależnych od siebie wektorów napięcia wyjściowego. Sterowanie pięciofazowymi silnikami indukcyjnymi wymaga, aby wektory te miały ściśle określone długości i położenia. Niezależne formowanie dwóch wektorów napięcia o parametrach określonych w układzie sterowania silnikiem wymaga zastosowania odpowiedniej strategii Modulacji Szerokości...
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Numerical analysis of CO2-water separation in a horizontal double T-junction
PublicationCarbon dioxide is considered one of the main factors leading to global warming. Considering the significant impacts of CO2 on climate change, various technologies have been developed in recent decades to control carbon emission, such as for example CO2 capture and storage. The developed cycle of a negative CO2 emission power plant includes some devices, out of which, separator plays an indispensable role. To this end, T-junction...
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Release of selected chemical elements from shale drill cuttings to aqueous solutions of different pH
PublicationThe effect of pH changes on leachability of light and heavy metals from shale drill cuttings generated from unconventional shale gas production was investigated. Cuttings, being the primary byproduct generated from drilling operations, belong to the potentially hazardous type of wastes due to presence of heavy and radioactive elements and remains of drilling fluid. In this regard, assessment of potentially dangerous components...
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Bankruptcy Law Severity for Debtors: Comparative Analysis Among Selected Countries
PublicationPurpose: The objective of this paper is to propose the new indicator of bankruptcy law severity for debtors (BLSI-Bankruptcy Law Severity Index). On the basis of this index we conducted comparative analysis of debtor/creditor friendliness of bankruptcy laws among 27 selected countries. Design/Methodology/Approach: In the research the following methods were used: analysis of legal acts, literature review and expert method. Findings:...
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Cryptocurrencies as a Speculative Asset: How Much Uncertainty is Included in Cryptocurrency Price?
PublicationThe aim of this paper is to examine the relationship between uncertainty indices (Geopolitical Uncertainty Index and Global Economic Policy Uncertainty Index) and cryptocurrencies. This study evaluated the behavior of cryptocurrencies with the evolution of uncertainties (GPU, EPU) on returns and volatility in terms of safe heaven as in traditional specualtive assets it increases their volaitility and reduces risk. For this purpose,...
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Oxide nanoparticle exsolution in Lu-doped (Ba,La)CoO3
PublicationThis study investigated Lu doping of Ba0.5La0.5CoO3 and its influence on the exsolution of oxide nanoparticles (NPs). As a result of Lu doping, we observed the phase segregation into the main Ba0.4La0.6Co0.85Lu0.15O3 (BLCO–Lu) phase and the secondary Ba0.85La0.15Co0.75Lu0.25O3 (BCO–Lu) phase. We noticed the exsolution of BCO–Lu nanoparticles on the main BLCO–Lu phase. Moreover, the BLCO–Lu phase exsolved in the form of nanoparticles...
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Toughness augmentation by fibrillation and yielding in nanostructured blends with recycled polyurethane as a modifier
PublicationIn the present paper, we have carefully investigated the morphology and fracture mechanism of the recycled polyurethane (RPU) /epoxy blend system. The second phase (RPU) added to the epoxy resin has a positive effect on the overall mechanical properties. Interestingly, the recycled polymer has a remarkable effect on the fracture toughness of epoxy resin. The mechanism behind the fracture toughness improvement up on the addition...
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Experimental investigations on adiabatic frictional pressure drops of R134a during flow in 5mm diameter channel
PublicationThe article presents detailed two-phase adiabatic pressure drops data for refrigerant R134a at a saturation pressure of 5.5 bar corresponding to the saturation temperature of 19.4 °C. Study cases have been set for a mass flux varying from 100 to 500 kg/m2 s. The frictional pressure drop was characterized for the refrigerant R134a, for vapor qualities ranging from 0 to 1. Long-time thermal stability of test facility allowed to gather...
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Oznaczanie fazy stałej w tłuszczach. Determination of solid fat content in fats.
PublicationW pracy dokonano przeglądu metod oznaczania indeksu fazy stałej (SFI - solid fat index) oraz zawartości fazy stałej (SFC - solid fat content) w tłuszczach. Obok metody NMR, obecnie powszechnie stosowanej i zalecanej przez normy, przedstawiono też inne metody analityczne które stosowano, lub stosuje się do tego typu analiz.
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Studies on optical transmittance of boron-doped nanocrystalline diamond films
PublicationThickness is one of the most important parameters in many applications using thin layers. This article describes thickness determination of a boron-doped nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) grown on fused silica glass. A spectroscopic measurement system has been used. A high refractive index (2.3 at 550nm) was achieved for NCD films. The thickness of NCD samples has been determined from the transmission spectrum.
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ANALIZA POSTACI SYGNAŁU SYNCHRONIZACYJNEGO NPSS W NB-IOT
PublicationW artykule zaprezentowane zostały możliwości zmiany postaci sekwencji Zadoff-Chu używanej do wygenerowania sygnału synchronizacyjnego NPSS w interfejsie radiowym NB-IoT. Modyfikacji poddano elementy charakterystyczne sekwencji z uwzględnieniem: root index, ciągu binarnego czy składnika funkcji wykładniczej w celu poprawy właściwości korelacyjnych na potrzeby synchronizacji pracy terminali użytkowników.
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Formowanie napięć wyjściowych trójfazowego przekształtnika sieciowego
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono kompensację dwu zasadniczych zjawisk powodujących zniekształcenia prądów fazowych przekształtnika sieciowego. Pierwszym z nich są zniekształcenia napięcia sieci. W celu ich eliminacji zaproponowano uśrednianie za okres podstawowej harmonicznej uchybu regulatora napięcia obwodu pośredniczącego oraz predykcję napięcia sieci. Drugim natomiast są zniekształcenia napięć wyjściowych przekształtnika sieciowego....
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Stability Enhancement of Grid-Connected Wind Power Generation System Using PSS, SFCL and STATCOM
PublicationThe stability related issues may occur in a power system due to disturbances in generating or loading conditions, especially in the presence of distributed generation (DG) based on renewable energy resources (RERs). This paper proposes a novel strategy for the stability enhancement of a wind power generation system (WPGS) by using a combination of three devices, namely, a power system stabilizer (PSS), resistive superconductor...
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Wykorzystanie Data Envelopment Analysis do porównania polityki wiekowej w krajach Unii Europejskiej
PublicationCelem artykułu jest zbudowanie modelu, bazującego na Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), pozwalającego na porównanie działań związanych z polityką wiekową w krajach Unii Europejskiej. Zastosowano model z ograniczeniami na wagi, pozwalający na stworzenie rankingu i określenie kierunków kształtowania polityki wiekowej. Wykorzystano dane pochodzące z bazy danych Global AgeWatch Index 2013.
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A Surveillance Of Dynamic Processes in Selected Mechatronic Systems
PublicationThe paper concerns development of original method of optimal control at energy performance index and its application to dynamic processes surveillance of some mechatronic systems. The latter concerns chatter vibration surveillance during highspeed slender milling of rigid details, as well as motion control of two-wheeled mobile platform. Results of on-line computer simulations and real performance on the target objects reflect...
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Changing patterns in export of goods versus international competitiveness. A comparative analysis for Central-East European countries in the period 2000-2011.
PublicationThis paper discusses the existing links between changing patterns in the export of goods, broken down by technology-intensity, versus intrenational competitiveness. The study covers nine Central-East European (CEE) economies: Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania and the Slovak Republic, in the time span 2000-2011. We examine the hypothesis of a strong, positive and statistically significant...
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Reliability and Validity of Optoelectronic Method for Biophotonical Measurements
PublicationReliability and validity of measurements is of utmost importance when assessing measuring capability of instruments developed for research. In order to perform an experiment which is legitimate, used instruments must be both reliable and valid. Reliability estimates the degree of precision of measurement, the extent to which a measurement is internally consistent. Validity is the usefulness of an instrument to perform accurate...
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Computer support of analysis optical spectra measurements
PublicationVerification of measurement errors has a big impact on assessment of accuracy of conducted measurements and obtained results. In many cases computer simulation results are compared with measurement results in order to evaluate measurement errors. The purpose of our research was to check the accuracy of measurements made with Fabry-Perot interferometer working in the transmission mode. In measurement setup, a 1310 nm superluminescent...
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Computer Support of Analysis of Optical Spectra Measurements
PublicationThe verification of measurement errors has a big impact on the assessment of the accuracy of conducted measurements and obtained results. In many cases, computer simulation results are compared with measurement results in order to evaluate measurement errors. The purpose of our research was to check the accuracy of measurements made with a Fabry–Perot interferometer working in the transmission mode. In the measurement setup, a...
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Green analytical chemistry metrics: A review
PublicationGreen analytical chemistry encourages reducing the use of toxic chemicals/reagents, using energy-efficient equipment, and generating minimal waste. The recent trends in analytical method development focus on the miniaturization of the sample preparation devices, the development of solventless or solvent-minimized extraction techniques, and the utilization of less toxic solvents. The twelve principles of GAC serve as a basic guideline...
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Pressure drop of HFE7000 and HFE7100 during flow condensation in minichannels
PublicationAttention is focused on the issues of flow resistance and pressure drop of perspective refrigeration fluids during condensation in the two-phase flow in minichannels. The case of the flow through a cylindrical single channel of 2.3 mm inner diameter was carefully analyzed. Pressure drop tests have been performed in diabatic flow conditions. The effect of heat flux, mass flux, vapour quality and saturation temperature on the two-phase...
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Polytypism and superconductivity in the NbS2 system
PublicationWe report on the phase formation and the superconducting properties in the NbS2 system. Specifically, we have performed a series of standardized solid-state syntheses in this system, which allow us to establish a comprehensive synthesis map for the formation of the two polytypes 2H-NbS2 and 3R-NbS2, respectively. We show that the identification of two polytypes by means of X-ray diffraction is not always unambiguous. Our physical...
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Fixed point indices of iterated smooth maps in arbitrary dimension
PublicationWe give a complete description of possible sequences ofindices of iterations of f at an isolated fixed point, answering inaffirmative the Chow, Mallet-Paret and Yorke conjecture posed in[S.N. Chow, J. Mallet-Parret, J.A. Yorke, A periodic point index whichis a bifurcation invariant, in: Geometric Dynamics, Rio de Janeiro,1981, in: Lecture Notes in Math., vol. 1007, Springer, Berlin, 1983,pp. 109-131].
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Are deep eutectic solvents useful in chromatography? A short review
PublicationA literature update has been done concerning Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) use in chromatography applications. The literature survey was based on the period from 2010 till 2020 and manuscripts reported in the data bases Web of Science and Scopus. The use of DES as mobile phase and mobile phase additives, stationary phases and solid phase modifiers and the use of DES as reaction solvents for chromatography use, were evaluated. Emphasis...
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Barium boron aluminum silicate glass system for solid state optical gas sensors
PublicationRecent increasing demand for new eco-friendly materials and for low cost fabrication process for use in optical sensors field, raise concern about alternative materials for this application. We have designed two glass-ceramics compositions from the quaternary ROAl2O3- SiO2-B2O3(R=Ba) alkali-earth aluminum silicate system, labeled B72 and B69, with high refractive index (>1.6), large values of Abbe number (94.0 and 53.0, respectively),...
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PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF THE POLISH VERSION OF THE GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER 7-ITEM SCALE (GAD-7) IN A NON-CLINICAL SAMPLE OF EMPLOYEES DURING PANDEMIC CRISIS
PublicationObjectives: The COVID-19 outbreak is an example of a crisis that triggered an increase in generalized anxiety disorder. The study aims to validate the Polish version of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale (GAD-7) by Spitzer et al. among a non-clinical sample of employees and examine the invariance depending on the gender and age of working adults. Material and Methods: For assessing factor structure of the Polish version...
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The influence of chemical composition of amide block on the thermal properties and structure of terpoly(ester-b-ether-b-amide) elastomers
PublicationMultiblock terpolymers-(PBT-b-PTMO-b-PA12,10)(n)- constituting the polymer systems, in which one of the three blocks (PBT) does not dissolve in PA12,10 block (hard phase) and, depending on its molecular weight is slightly soluble in PTMO block (soft phase), have been obtained. The DSC method was applied to investigate the thermal properties of these polymers and it was found that PBT block acts as an element that produces stiffness...
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Nitrogen transformations and mass balances in anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic batch experiments with full-scale biomasses from BNR activated sludge systems.
PublicationThe aim of this study was to investigate nitrogen mass balances occurring inside full-scale BNR activated sludge systems, with special attention to colloidal and dissolved organic nitrogen (CON and DON) transformations. For this purpose, laboratory experiments were carried out using process biomass from two large BNR plants in northern Poland. Two parallel batch reactors were operated in a 3-phase (anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic) cycle....
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Nitrogen transformations and mass balances in anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic batch experiments with full-scale biomasses from BNR activated sludge systems.
PublicationThe aim of this study was to investigate nitrogen mass balances occurring inside full-scale BNR activated sludge systems, with special attention to colloidal and dissolved organic nitrogen (CON and DON) transformations. For this purpose, laboratory experiments were carried out using process biomass from two large BNR plants in northern Poland. Two parallel batch reactors were operated in a 3-phase (anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic) cycle....
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Microstructure and electrical properties of manganese borosilicate glasses
PublicationThe structure, optical and electrical properties of manganese borosilicate glasses of the composition xMnO–(80 − x)SiO 2 –20B 2 O 3 (x = 40, 50, and 60 mol%) were investigated. The dependence of the glass structure on its composition was discussed and related to electrical properties. A separation of two amorphous phases was observed. It was suggested that one phase is MnO-rich and the other is SiO 2 -rich. It was found that...
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Feedback Control of Multiphase Induction Machines with Backstepping Technique
PublicationThe paper presents the control possibility of five phase induction machines. In the proposed solution the machine model vector form is not transformed to the (dq)-coordinate system, that is connected to rotor flux vector, but utilizes the stationary system ( αβ ). Moreover, the nonlinear model linearization is based on demonstrated nonlinear variables transformation for i-orthogonal ( αβ )(n) planes. By introducing the backstepping...
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Cross-Bonding of MV Cable Lines for Energy Losses Decrease
PublicationCurrently, almost all medium voltage cable lines (MV) operate with the return wires earthed at both ends of the cable. Such a way of operation causes that during normal states of operation as well as during disturbances, e.g. short-circuits, in the return wires induce currents whose values mainly depend on the currents flowing in the phase wires. These currents in normal operating states are a source of additional energy losses...
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Effect of microstructure on mechanical properties of BA1055 bronze castings
PublicationThe article presents research results performed on aluminum bronze CuAl10Fe5Ni5 (BA1032) castings used for marine propellers. Metallographic studies were made on light microscope and a scanning electron microscope to assess quantitatively and qualitatively the alloy microstructure. It has been shown that the shape, size and distribution of the iron-rich phase precipitates in bronze microstructure significantly affect its mechanical...
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Application of the Fractional Fourier Transform for dispersion compensation in signals from a fiber-based Fabry-Perot interferometer
PublicationOptical methods of measurement do not require contact of a probe and the object under study, and thus have found use in a broad range of applications such as nondestructive testing (NDT), where noninvasive measurement is crucial. Measuring the refractive index of a material can give a valuable insight into its composition. Low‑coherence radiation sources enable measurement of the sample’s properties across a wide spectrum, while...
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Schemat powstawania rys na przykładzie osiowo rozciąganego pręta żelbetowego
PublicationW artykule przedstawiono w sposób schematyczny ideę powstawania kolejnych rys w konstrukcjach żelbetowych na przykładzie osiowo rozciąganego pręta. Opisano początkowy oraz końcowy stan zarysowania. Wyprowadzono wzór na szerokość rysy. Przedstawiono interpretację geometryczną rys dla fazy początkowego zarysowania oraz efekt tension stiffening na przykładzie elementu osiowo rozciąganego. Przedstawiono przykładowe obliczenia miary...
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Synthesis, microstructure and electrical properties of nanocrystalline calcium doped lanthanum orthoniobate
PublicationThe single phase lanthanum orthoniobate with tetragonal structure has been synthesized by the means of mechanosynthesis method. The studies have shown the crystal structure of La0.98Ca0.02NbO4 depends on the synthesis stage. The samples were predominantly in the tetragonal phase with a trace amount of the monoclinic phase. The SEM studies of morphology and microstructure have shown nanocrystallinity of the materials. The Raman...